KR20220112162A - PUF ID, and reading apparatus for the ID - Google Patents

Abstract

A PUF ID according to the present invention comprises: a random fiber medium; and a frame that supports the random fiber medium. According to the present invention, the present invention may implement the PUF ID that is inexpensive and has excellent encryption performance, and a PUF ID reader that reads the ID.

Description

PUF ID, and PUF ID reader {PUF ID, and reading apparatus for the ID}

The present invention relates to a PUF technology (physically unclonable function (PUF)).

It is widely known that the encryption method uses software. The software encryption method has the advantage that it can be used universally for various physical devices. However, in the software encryption method, when the encryption key is leaked from the outside, a lot of information leakage may occur to a physical device using the same software.

Based on this, by using a physical encryption device, it is possible to prevent external leakage by making the encryption key inaccessible from outside each device. In order to access the encryption key of the physical encryption device, it is necessary to physically decrypt the device. However, when manufacturing a physical encryption device, there is a disadvantage that the process should be different to prevent devices having the same encryption key from occurring.

In the present invention, a physically unclonable function device (PUF) is used as a core principle in order to compensate for the disadvantages of the physical encryption device. A device that cannot be physically replicated is a device that uses uncontrollable disorder that occurs during a manufacturing process. Because it is a characteristic resulting from uncontrollable disorder, even if the same manufacturing process is performed, macro characteristics do not change, but have characteristics that can distinguish individuals, such as human fingerprints. Many of these devices have been developed using optical, semiconductor, and nanotechnology-based technologies.

For example, the inventors of 'Edible unclonable functions' Jung Woo Leem, Min Seok Kim, Seung Ho Choi, Seong-Ryul Kim, Seong-Wan Kim, Young Min Song, and Robert J Young & Young L. Kim, Nature Communications volume 11, Article number: 328 (2020)' has been proposed.

The physically non-replicable element having an input and output pair, as suggested in the prior art, has strengths in terms of security and encryption.

However, the prior art uses a laser that is a coherent light, and a complex and large-scale imaging system is required to obtain a speckle pattern.

'Edible unclonable functions' Jung Woo Leem, Min Seok Kim, Seung Ho Choi, Seong-Ryul Kim, Seong-Wan Kim, Young Min Song, Robert J. Young & Young L. Kim, Nature Communications volume 11, Article number: 328 (2020)'

The present invention is proposed in the background described above, and proposes a PWM ID and a PDF ID reader that can be implemented simply and inexpensively while using an element that cannot be physically copied.

In the PUF ID according to the present invention, a random cellulose medium; and a frame supporting the random cellulose medium.

The random cellulose medium may be provided by tangled cellulose.

When the random cellulose medium is projected two-dimensionally, the projected area may include a portion on which the cellulose is projected and a portion on which the cellulose is not projected.

The cellulose may be transparent.

The portion on which the fibrin is not projected may form a closed curve by the fibrin.

The closed curve may form a hole.

When the hole is converted into a circle, the diameter of the circle may be 26-47 micrometers.

The random cellulose medium may be a cocoon coat.

The fibrin density of the random fibrinous medium may be 70-90%.

The cellulose may include nanoholes, dyes or pigments.

The random cellulose medium may be produced by electrospinning.

The PUF ID reader according to another aspect of the present invention can accommodate a random cellulose medium.

The PF ID reader may irradiate light to the random fibrous medium.

The PF ID reader may include an image sensor adjacent to the random fibrous medium.

In the PUF ID reader, a distance (dis) between the random fibrous medium and the image sensor may be within the range of the Fraunhofer area.

The hole size of the hole provided by the random cellulose medium may be 26-47 micrometers.

The distance dis may be 0.2-1.7 meters.

A single reinforcing indirect pattern may be formed in the Fraunhofer region.

The light may be incoherent light.

The light may be incoherent red, green, blue, and blue tricolor light.

Advantageous Effects of Invention According to the present invention, it is possible to implement a low-cost, high-encryption, PDF ID, and a PDF ID reader.

FIG. 1 is a view showing a state in which a PWM ID is mounted on a PDF ID reader according to an embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a view for explaining an operation of reading a PDF ID in a PCF ID reader.
3 is a view for explaining the random cellulose medium.
4 is a view for explaining the random cellulose medium in the appropriate area.
FIG. 5(a) is a simulation diagram illustrating interference of light passing through a hole made of cellulose and constructive interference of light according to diffraction, and FIG. 5(b) is a view showing that a spot is formed in the Fraunhofer region.
6 and 7 are views for explaining in more detail the fibrin of the random fibrinous medium.
Fig. 8 is a view for explaining the operation of the reader.
Fig. 9 is bitwise information of a PF ID according to the embodiment;

Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, it is not limited to the following embodiments of the spirit of the present invention, and those skilled in the art who understand the spirit of the present invention can easily change other embodiments included within the scope of the same idea by adding, changing, deleting, and adding components. However, this may also be included within the scope of the present invention.

In the description of the drawings, the same or similar components are assigned the same reference numerals regardless of reference numerals, and overlapping descriptions thereof may be omitted.

The suffixes "module" and "part" for components used in the following description are given or mixed in consideration of only the ease of writing the specification, and do not have distinct meanings or roles by themselves.

In describing the embodiments disclosed in the present specification, if it is determined that detailed descriptions of related known technologies may obscure the gist of the embodiments disclosed in the present specification, the detailed description thereof will be omitted.

The accompanying drawings are only for easy understanding of the embodiments disclosed in this specification, and the technical idea disclosed in this specification is not limited by the accompanying drawings, and all changes and equivalents included in the spirit and scope of the present invention It should be understood to include water or substitutes.

Terms including ordinal numbers such as first, second, etc. may be used to describe various elements, but the elements are not limited by the terms. The above terms are used only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another.

When a component is referred to as being “connected” or “connected” to another component, it may be directly connected or connected to the other component, but it is understood that other components may exist in between. it should be On the other hand, when it is said that a certain element is "directly connected" or "directly connected" to another element, it should be understood that the other element does not exist in the middle.

The singular expression may include the plural expression unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

In the present application, terms such as “comprises” or “have” are intended to designate that a feature, number, step, operation, component, part, or combination thereof described in the specification exists, but one or more other features It is to be understood that this does not preclude the possibility of the presence or addition of numbers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

FIG. 1 is a view showing a state in which a PWM ID is mounted on a PDF ID reader according to an embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining an operation of reading a PDF ID on a PCF ID reader.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2 , a PUF ID 2 is disposed in the PDF ID reader 1 . In this state, the light 11 , 12 , and 13 emitted from each of the three red, green, blue, and blue light emitting devices passes through the PF ID 2 and is sensed by the image sensor 16 . The image sensor 16 may acquire digital data through image processing.

The light 11 , 12 , 13 passes through the PUF ID 2 and diffracts and interferes. Accordingly, a plurality of light spots (hereinafter, simply referred to as spots) can be formed in the image sensor 16 . The position of the generated light spot may change according to an angle at which light is incident.

The light spot may be detected by the image sensor 16 without a separate complex optical system or imaging device. For this purpose, the PUF ID 2 and the image sensor 16 may be arranged adjacent to each other on the optical path. That is, the PWM ID 2 upstream on the optical path and the image sensor 16 downstream on the optical path may be directly aligned. The PUF ID 2 and the image sensor 16 may be spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance. The PDF ID 2 and the image sensor 16 may be directly aligned vertically or horizontally. Considering that the two members are two-dimensional materials, they can be directly aligned vertically.

In order to obtain the random property of the spots and the property of forming a plurality of the spots, the PF ID 2 may use a random fibrous medium. The PUF ID 2 may have a predetermined frame supporting the random fibrous medium.

The random cellulose medium may be exemplified in which fibers are entangled with each other. It is important that, when the random cellulose medium is projected in two dimensions, a portion occupied by the cellulose and a portion without the cellulose must necessarily exist. In the random cellulose medium, it is important that the cellulose-free region always exists when projected onto a plane even if the cellulose is overlapped in several layers. The fibrin-free area may later provide a hole to provide the spot. In the two-dimensional projection area of the random cellulose medium, there is a portion on which the cellulose is projected and a portion on which the cellulose is not projected.

The random cellulose medium can be exemplified by the cocoon epidermis of a cocoon. The cocoon epidermis of the cocoon does not refer to the silk fiber extracted in the state of silk, but refers to the cocoon film peeled from the surface of the cocoon randomly made by the silkworm itself with the fibers extracted. For this reason, improved random properties can be obtained.

The random cellulose medium may form a predetermined closed curve in a direction crossing the optical path of light while being entangled with each other. The closed curve may provide a hole through which light passes. The light passing through the hole may form the spot behind a predetermined distance of the PUF ID 2 through diffraction and interference. Contrast may be significantly different between a place where the spot is formed and a place where the spot is not formed. Therefore, digital information can be conveniently processed through the general image sensor 16 . When the size of the hole is 26-47 micrometers, the effect of light diffraction and interference can be maximized. Here, the size of the hole may be referred to as a diameter when the area of the hole is converted into an equal area circle.

It is possible to use a light source of a single wavelength instead of the red, green, blue, and blue tricolor light emitting device. However, if the red, green, blue, and blue light emitting device is used, a different light spot can be obtained for each wavelength, so that the performance of the PUF can be further improved. Of course, the color is not limited to red, green, blue, and light of various wavelengths may be used.

The light is incoherent light, and light that can cause diffraction and interference may be used. The red, green, blue, and blue tricolor light is an example. This may be an advantage of reducing expensive costs by using conventional coherent laser light.

The reader 1 may further include a mirror 15 for condensing and reflecting the three-color light. A slot into which the ID is inserted may be provided in the Shangi reader 1 .

3 is a view for explaining the random cellulose medium.

Referring to FIG. 3 , the cellulose 20 is entangled in the random cellulose medium. In the drawings, for explanation, the random cellulose medium may be divided into an undersized area 21 , an appropriate area 22 , and an overcrowded area 23 .

The depleted region 21 refers to an area in which the cellulose is low because the density of cellulose is low. In the under-region, the number of spots is too small because the density of cellulose is low, the size of the hole making the spots is too large, and it is difficult to expect diffraction and interference effects of light.

The overcrowded region 23 refers to a region in which fibers are dense due to high fibrin density. In the overcrowded region, the number of spots is too small because the density of cellulose is high, so that light cannot pass through, and the light quantity of the spots is too low because the hole is small, so that the contrast may be lowered.

In the appropriate region 22 , light of three colors of red, green, blue, and blue may be independently diffracted and interfered with each other. Through this, it can be confirmed that the red, green, blue, and blue three-color spots are formed. When the density of fibrin in the appropriate region is provided, a predetermined distance must be maintained between the random fibrin medium and the image sensor 16 . This is because the spot can be accurately formed.

4 is a view for explaining the random cellulose medium in the appropriate area.

Fig. 4(a) illustrates a case in which the proportion of fibers in the two-dimensional projected area of the random cellulosic medium is 70, 80, and 90%. If it is larger than the case of 90%, the size of the hole is too small, and it is not preferable because it is difficult for light to pass therethrough. If it is less than 70%, it is not preferable because light diffracts and interferes smoothly.

FIG. 4(b) is a graph showing the maximum size, average size, and minimum size of the hole by fiber ratio of the random cellulose medium based on the geometric mean diameter (D) of the hole. It can be seen that the size of 26-47 micrometers, which is an appropriate size of the hole, reaches about 56-83%.

4(c) is a graph showing the number of holes having a size of 26-47 micrometers, which is an appropriate size of the hole. In the case of 65-90%, it can be seen that the number of holes is the largest.

FIG. 4( d ) is a view showing that spots are formed for each distance between the hole and the image sensor. Referring to FIG. 4( d ), when the distance dis from the hall to the image sensor is zero, it can be confirmed that the spot is not formed. As the distance dis increases gradually, the spot becomes smaller. Although light is condensed in the Fresnel region, it does not form a spot. It can be seen that spots are formed within the range of the Fraunhofer region. When the distance dis is further away from the Fraunhofer area, the spot disappears and may expand.

Therefore, it is preferable that the distance between the random fibrinous medium and the image sensor is in the Fraun hopper region. When the size of the hole is 26-47 micrometers, the distance dis may be 0.2-1.7 millimeters.

The regular spot formation in the Fraunhofer region will be described in more detail.

FIG. 5(a) is a simulation diagram illustrating interference of light passing through the hole made of cellulose and constructive interference of light according to diffraction, and FIG. 5(b) is a view showing the formation of spots in the Fraunhofer region.

Referring to FIG. 5 , the light passing through the hole provided to the fiber path 20 is diffracted and interfered with, the first constructive interference 31 starting at the edge of the first fiber, and the second at the edge of the fiber. A second constructive interference (32) is shown to begin with. After that, when entering the Fraunhofer Youngyeong, the spot can be achieved. The spot may be made by a single third constructive interference (33). The spot may be created by the single third constructive interference 33 . The third constructive interference pattern and the spot may be formed in a central portion of the projection area of the hole.

When the diameter D of the hole is 26-47 micrometers, the distance dis corresponding to the Fraunhofer area may be 0.2-1.7 millimeters. More preferably, the distance dis is most preferably 0.6 to 0.7 millimeters so that the size of the spot is the largest in the Fraunhofer area and corresponds to the center.

6 and 7 are views for explaining in more detail the fibrin of the random fibrinous medium.

Figure 6 (a) is a photomicrograph of the random cellulose medium in the epidermis of a cocoon, and Figure 6 (b) is a view showing the density of nano-sized holes inside the cellulose.

Referring to FIG. 6( a ), it can be seen that a plurality of nanoholes 30 are provided in the fibers of the cocoon. Due to the nanoholes, the fibrin 20 may be opaque. Therefore, it can be close to the lowermost photograph in FIG. 6(b).

By the nanoholes, the cocoon fiber becomes opaque, and by this configuration, the spot can be smoothly provided.

FIG. 7(a) is a diagram showing constructive interference of light in each case of FIG. 6(b). Referring to the uppermost figure, it can be seen that the spot is not formed because the constructive interference is not appropriate when the nanohole is transparent without the nanohole. As the number of the nanoholes increases, it can be seen that the constructive interference is properly formed so that a single spot is formed in the middle.

FIG. 7(b) is a graph in which the intensity I of light is measured at a place spaced apart from the hole by a predetermined distance in each case of FIG. 7(a). According to this, it can be seen that the light is well concentrated in one spot in the case of the transparent cellulose. Accordingly, the contrast can be improved.

The random cellulose medium may be used other than the cocoon coat of the cocoon. Precisely, it can be used in any form as long as it is a fibrous material in which opaque fibers are randomly agglomerated. It is preferable to prevent light from being transmitted through the transparent cellulose. In order to provide the opaque fiber, it may be spun by adding a dye or pigment without forming nanoholes. Electrospinning may be used in order to cause the fibers to be randomly spun.

8 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the reader.

Referring to FIG. 8 , an image of red, green, blue, and blue is obtained by the image sensor 16 . After that, the noise is removed. When removing noise, even pixels that do not reach a predetermined intensity can be removed. After collecting the red, green, blue, and blue three-color images from which noise has been removed, digital processing is performed, and then encrypted bit information can be output.

9 shows bitized information.

Referring to FIG. 9 , as a result of testing a plurality of PUF IDs 1 , it can be confirmed that each ID has a sufficient hemming distance as binarized information and has random properties.

As seen in the embodiment, a small sized imaging setup, a low cost light source, and a low cost optical random element are required. Therefore, in the present invention, a low-cost random fibrous medium (which can be exemplified as natural silk (referring to a cocooned film)) is used, and an incoherent low-cost light emitting device (Light emitting) is used. diode) was used. In the random disordered fiber medium, spatially random holes through which light can pass are created, and the light emitted through these holes undergoes diffraction and interference of light. Due to this optical phenomenon, a phenomenon in which light is strongly concentrated at a predetermined distance (Fraunhofer region) from the fiber medium occurs. This phenomenon can also be termed “self-focusing”. Due to this phenomenon, it is possible to implement a setup of a physically non-replicable device that does not require a lens for imaging.

1: PF ID reader
2: PF ID
20: fiber
33: third constructive interference

Claims (12)

random cellulose medium; and
a frame for supporting the random fibrinous medium;
The random fibrous medium is provided by tangled cellulose,
When the random cellulose medium is projected two-dimensionally, the projected area includes a portion on which the cellulose is projected and a portion on which the cellulose is not projected,
The fiber is transparent,
PF ID. The method of claim 1,
The portion on which the fibrin is not projected is a PIU ID that forms a closed curve by the fibrin. 3. The method of claim 2,
The closed curve forms a hole,
When converting the hole into a circle, the diameter of the circle is 26-47 micrometers. The method of claim 1,
The random fibrous medium is the cocoon's membrane, the PUF ID. The method of claim 1,
The fiber density of the random fiber medium is 70-90% PUF ID. The method of claim 1,
The fiber contains nanoholes, or a PF ID that contains dyes or pigments. The method of claim 1,
The random cellulose medium is a PUF ID produced by electrospinning. can accommodate random cellulose media,
Irradiating light with the random cellulose medium,
An image sensor adjacent to the random fibrin medium is included,
The distance (dis) between the ransom fibrin medium and the image sensor is within the range of the Fraunhofer area,
PF ID reader. 9. The method of claim 8,
When the size of the hole provided by the random cellulose medium is 26-47 micrometers, the distance (dis) is 0.2-1.7 meters. 9. The method of claim 8,
In the Fraunhofer area, a single reinforcing indirect pattern is formed in a PUF ID reader. 9. The method of claim 8,
The light is an incoherent light, a PF ID reader. 9. The method of claim 8,
The light is an incoherent red, green, blue, and blue tricolor light.

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