KR20220090655A - Graphene Electric Double Layer Capacitor Cell and Electricity Conversion Method Using the Same - Google Patents

Abstract

In the present invention, when discharging in a high capacity supercapacitor battery system of EDLC and G-EDLC, an inconsistent voltage is generated due to the charging and discharging characteristics of the supercapacitor, and the voltage and current of the output load having a linear decrease slope are constantly maintained. It relates to a method of stabilizing the output of a supercapacitor battery that maintains and supplies. According to an embodiment of the present invention, a cell balancing circuit of a power input stage, a battery module, a BMS circuit, a DC/DC Buck/Boost conversion circuit, an internal sensor (input/output current and voltage) circuit for monitoring battery status, a wireless It is configured as a module and includes a function to transmit the battery status information to the outside through Wi-Fi and Bluetooth short-distance communication module by Soft AP method, and uses a load with constant current and constant voltage It was designed to provide the life cycle and efficient output of G-EDLC and EDLC batteries by stably applying the output voltage to the load by controlling the continuous voltage and current of the G-EDLC and EDLC batteries.

Description

Graphene Electric Double Layer Capacitor Cell and Electricity Conversion Method Using the Same}

In the present invention, when discharging in a high capacity supercapacitor battery system of EDLC and G-EDLC, an inconsistent voltage is generated due to the charging and discharging characteristics of the supercapacitor, and the voltage and current of the output load having a linear decrease slope are constantly maintained. It relates to a method of stabilizing the output of a supercapacitor battery that maintains and supplies, and applicable technical fields include renewable energy (energy/environmental control equipment field and energy environment machine system S/W) secondary battery field, ultra-high capacity capacitor and IT Field (communication and control software) wireless information communication SoftAP technology and G-EDLC battery status information through multiple AP connection, transmission/reception processing device diagram and voltage, current amount, active load control DC converting and embedded power control monitoring system technology; It is possible for electric and electronic (battery) ultra-high-capacity capacitors, ESS electric storage devices, and energy storage devices.

Since the advent of the 4th industry, modern people have been using batteries for various purposes, from small batteries for mobile smart terminal devices, to transportation devices, electric vehicles for mobile transport, and drones. Batteries are essential when applied to various electric and electronic devices such as electric vehicles and smart devices, and battery storage technology continues to evolve and develop. In the present invention, there have been various recent attempts to develop and use an energy storage device using an eco-friendly, high-capacity electric double-layer capacitor having a low fire possibility and a high lifespan, rather than a lithium-based battery that is generally used for portable or mobile use. Among them, in order to increase the energy density and use it as a battery, the characteristic of a supercapacitor causes a linear voltage drop upon discharging energy after full charge. In order to generalize the use of this special field, continuous stabilization of the voltage is absolutely necessary. Therefore, the present invention proposes a technical method for satisfying a stable load in order to supplement and solve the disadvantage of voltage drop during discharge load of supercapacitor (EDLC, GEDLC) batteries.

In order to solve the above problem, a voltage stabilizer was applied by mounting a synchronous 4-switching buck booster DC/DC controller on the DC output stage of the high-capacity supercapacitor. Usually, two inductors are configured by separating the step-down inductor for buck and the step-up inductor for boost, but only one inductor is used to implement step-down and step-up. The efficiency of the output is solved by the high-performance Buck-Boost switching controller that uses the synchronization fixed frequency 100kHz to 400kHz by the controller and the efficiency of the synchronous rectification is up to 98%. In addition, this technology also has a function as a current limiting converter for input and output.

The solution of the present invention is to configure the cells of GEDLC and EDLC supercapacitors according to the energy storage capacity in a plurality of series and parallel, and limit the maximum 2.8V charging voltage of the unit cell when configuring in series and uniform voltage The module composed of the balancing circuit part of the cell and the final nominal output voltage of DC12V, 24V, 36V, 48V for charging without damage to the cell by distributing the Active switching synchronization Buck/Boost circuit unit that performs DC conversion, comparison operation circuit unit that performs FeedBack after DC conversion, and constant current that enables stable power control with voltage and current CC/CV (Contant Current/Contant Voltage) according to the output load during DC/DC conversion / It is a short-distance wireless communication module that transmits information of constant voltage control circuit, voltage and current sensor, and is capable of WiFi and Bluetooth communication. It is a graphene electric double layer capacitor (Graphene) that can receive data as smart devices and PCs and monitor battery information. It features a DC/DC power conversion method for stabilizing an output load in an electric storage system (ESS) using an Electric Double Layer Capacitor) cell and an Electric Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC) cell.

As described above, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the user pattern setting power L (Inductance, Through the Capacitance, Resistance) value, it is possible to prevent malfunction and extend the life of the battery by maintaining and supplying a constant voltage according to the battery energy density.

1 is an overall configuration diagram of a supercapacitor (EDLC, GEDLC);
2 is a diagram of a serial/parallel configuration constituting cell balancing;
3 is a DC/DC control circuit diagram

Characteristics Comparison of Supercapacitor General Battery and Supercapacitor EDLC, G-EDLC Supercapacitor (Ultracapacitor)

Table 1 shows the charging and discharging characteristics of general batteries (lithium-based batteries and MF lead-acid batteries), electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs), and graphene EDLCs. Here, as a characteristic of EDLC and G-EDLC, it can be seen that charging starts from the initial fully discharged state (0 Voltage) and the voltage increases linearly until fully discharged, and the voltage gradually decreases with time during discharge. .

In general, the type of load used for the output of the battery is diverse, and the output voltage of the lithium-based battery, lithium ion (Lion, lithium polymer, lithium iron phosphate (Lipo4) and lead battery (MF battery)) is almost constant and there is no difference. Since it does not occur significantly, a separate circuit is not required for output stabilization. However, as for supercapacitors (EDLC, GEDLC, LIC), the output is made and the voltage decreases as time elapses. In the case of a normal battery, the deviation is not so high that it is sufficient to use as much as the energy storage capacity, but in the case of a supercapacitor (EDLC, G-EDLC), there is a deviation when using a load The high voltage causes a problem to be used as a battery, and to overcome this problem, constant voltage and constant current technology are applied to secure continuity of output voltage, and supercapacitor (EDLC, EDLC, G-EDLC) dedicated DC/DC Buck and Boost output devices are required.

Although voltage step-down or voltage-boosting DC/DC Buck and Boost are used for purposes other than some supercapacitors, there is currently no device that maintains the output constant for supercapacitors, so a supercapacitor dedicated charging and discharging device was devised and invented. did it In addition, when charging, a super capacitor has a higher charging current (ESR) than a normal battery, so it can charge and discharge rapidly. Therefore, the designed DC/DC discharge converter has a different design from that of a general battery to handle high current, and the super capacitor is discharged. Charging takes place at zero voltage without a final voltage.

2. There is no DC/DC output stabilization circuit to overcome the existing voltage difference (to improve power quality)

구간이 선형적으로 이루어지고 방전(

)또한 선형적으로 이루어 지고 있는데 방전의 전력 품질을 전혀 일정하지 않고 감소하고 있음을 보여 준다. 따라서 본 특허의 기술적 요지는 기존의 전압차를 전력품질향상 차원에서 극복하기 위함이다. 또한 에너지량은 전압(V) 값을 실측하기 위해서는

으로 적용이 이루어지고 방전 시

구간은 일정하게 유지하므로

이다. Table 2 shows the charging and discharging characteristics of the EDLC, and the amount of energy is Wh.

The section is made linear and the discharge (

) is also linear, showing that the power quality of the discharge is not constant at all but is decreasing. Therefore, the technical gist of this patent is to overcome the existing voltage difference in terms of power quality improvement. In addition, the amount of energy is required to measure the voltage (V) value.

is applied and when discharging

Since the interval is kept constant

to be.

Table 3 shows the improved G-EDLC characteristics by adding graphene to the EDLC to increase the energy storage density. The difference with EDLC is that the peak region is flatter than that of EDLC and the upper voltage is stably achieved by improving the section more, but in a certain section. Below, it can be seen that the voltage also drops linearly. Therefore, this design was made possible as a DC/DC BUCK and Boost converter for super capacitors to stabilize the output during discharge targeting EDLC and G-EDLC.

1 shows the overall configuration of supercapacitors (EDLC, GEDLC). Power input for charging is made in step 10, and charging is made by evenly supplying power to a certain cell through cell balancing. When it reaches 70% of the full charge or charge, it can start discharging and compensate for the voltage drop during discharging. A constant voltage conversion is made by the DC/DC conversion controller actively with the Buck (step-down) function and the Boost (step-up) function dedicated to supercapacitors. No. 40 contains the battery status information, and No. 50 BMS status information is transmitted to the wireless module. The transmitted wireless data is provided as packet data for PC devices and smart remote monitoring devices.

2 shows a serial/parallel configuration form constituting cell balancing. No. 11 is a circuit for detecting each divided cell voltage, and charging is performed through the MOSFET only when the voltage is within a satisfactory range. No. 14 is arranged to store energy through series-parallel configuration of cells, and electrical energy is stored in the final supercapacitor. No. 15 is the terminal where the final stored energy is output and is sent to the DC/DC converter before discharging.

3 shows a DC/DC control circuit. No. 20 is a control circuit for step-down step-down when the target voltage is lower than the input voltage, and on the contrary, the step-up control circuit is used as a circuit for step-up step-up when the target voltage is high. The input side (battery side) voltage that is initially introduced is made to No. 22, and the step-up and step-down action through the L1 inductor is configured so that step-up and step-down can be performed as a single inductor without adding additional parts, and the last L2 inductor is It is used to protect the sudden flow of output current, and the diode of D1 is added to protect the circuit by preventing reverse voltage coming from the load. It can be applied as a rectifier diode with low voltage loss when using the high-capacity current of D1.

10: Battery input power balancing
11: voltage detector
12: switching MOS-FET
13: GEDLC Cell
14: GEDLC Module
15: +DC power bus
20: voltage step-down unit
21: voltage boosting unit
22: + POWER BUS input
23: main inductor
24: inductor output
25: Current limit SHUNT resistor
26: reverse voltage protection diode
40: BMS sensor circuit
50: local area network wireless WiFi module, Bluetooth module

Claims (6)

Cells of GEDLC and EDLC supercapacitors are arranged in multiple series and parallel to match the energy storage capacity, and when configured in series, the maximum 2.8V charging voltage of the unit cells is limited and the cells are damaged by distributing the voltage evenly. The module composed of the balancing circuit part of the cell for charging without charge and the final nominal output voltages of DC12V, 24V, 36V, and 48V is connected at the electrode terminal of the output stage, which is the next DC conversion step, and performs DC/DC conversion Active switching synchronization Buck /Boost circuit part, comparison operation circuit part that performs feedback after DC conversion, constant current/constant voltage control circuit part that enables stable power control with voltage and current CC/CV (Contant Current / Contant Voltage) according to the output load during DC/DC conversion, voltage Graphene Electric Double Layer Capacitor cell that transmits current sensor information and can receive data and monitor battery information as a smart device and PC as a short-distance wireless communication module unit capable of WiFi communication and Bluetooth communication. and a DC/DC power conversion method for stabilizing an output load in an electric storage system (ESS) using an electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) cell.
The method of claim 1,
In the case of less than 40% of the battery's storage capacity, the discharge output is detected by the voltage measuring ADC of the control device, and the remaining amount is detected, and the output is limited to resume discharging so that the output can be used when the charge is more than 70%, super Graphene Electric Double Layer Capacitor cell and A DC/DC power conversion method for stabilizing the output load in an electric storage system (ESS) using an electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) cell.
When the power terminal of the EDLC and GEDLC supercapacitor battery receives +DC input from VIN of the GEDLC discharge circuit No. 22 and reaches the set target (target) control voltage value, step-down and step-up are performed through the corresponding FET. In the BOOST (Vin<Vout) region circuit, the Power Switch Controller operates to boost the voltage through M1 ON, M2 OFF, M3 PWM, and M4 Switching and converge to the target voltage value. In the BUCK (Vin>Vout) area, the operation area is determined through M4 ON, M3 OFF, M1 PWM, and M2 Switching. The PWM frequency is from 100 kHz to 400 kHz, and the output load stabilization in the electrical storage system (ESS) using graphene electric double layer capacitor cells and electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) cells with 98% conversion efficiency. DC/DC power conversion method for
4. The method of claim 3,
The output constant power is unidirectional, and output is made to the load side through No. 26 D1 to prevent it from flowing into the battery. Graphene Electric Double Layer Capacitor (Graphene Electric) prevents the circuit from being damaged and protects the battery by blocking the inflow of counter electromotive force from the load. A DC/DC power conversion method for stabilizing the output load in an electric storage system (ESS) using a double layer capacitor (EDLC) cell and an electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) cell.
The method of claim 1,
G-EDLC (Graphene-Based Electro Chemical Double Layer Capacitor) As a DC/DC output converter device that improves power quality considering the characteristics of the charging and discharging load of the ESS electrical storage device, the G-EDLC output of the battery device during electrical charging and discharging loads Graphene Electric Double Layer Capacitor (Graphene Electric Double Layer Capacitor) cell and electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) cell composed of an active load control converter equipped with a stabilized DC/DC circuit. ) DC/DC power conversion method for stabilization.
4. The method of claim 3,
Controlled power is transmitted to the upper wireless module through voltage and current sensors, and the wireless module transmits a packet through wireless WIFI, and in the case of a short distance, it is transmitted with a smart device through local Bluetooth. At this time, the upper stage includes basic battery information, and transmits the remaining battery capacity, temperature, number of times of charging/discharging, and state information of the battery. DC/DC converter to which WIFI-Direct SoftAP is applied with wireless communication between G-EDLC battery power measuring device monitoring interface and battery pack inside and outside with built-in BMS function, and Android-based operating system and PC-based application linking it DC/DC power conversion method for stabilizing the output load in an electric storage system (ESS) using a graphene electric double layer capacitor (Graphene Electric Double Layer Capacitor) cell and an electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) cell using a monitoring system.

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