KR20220067832A - Smart Battery Charging Apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention proposes a smart battery charging apparatus including: a relay (110) including a first contact point and a second contact point; a P-type field effect transistor (FET) (108) and a charging detection diode (109), which are connected in parallel to the relay (110); a current sensor (107) connected to the first contact point of the relay (110); a voltage sensor (111) connected to the second contact point of the relay (110); and a pulse injection circuit (105) for determining a state of a battery (114) at the first contact point of the relay (110). Accordingly, electrical stability is improved.

Description

Smart Battery Charging Apparatus

An object of the present invention is to propose a smart battery charging device for rapid charging of electric vehicles, electric kickboards, electric wheelchairs, electric motorcycles, electric bicycles and hobobirds. Above all, the fast charging method is characterized by a higher amount of charging current compared to the slow charging method. In particular, smart battery charging that effectively reduces overcurrent during initial battery charging, detects whether a battery is connected to the charging device, does not generate the charger output when there is no battery, and matches the battery voltage with the voltage of the charging device It's about the device.

In the case of a battery, overcurrent causes deterioration of the battery, and various inventions and prior literatures for preventing overcurrent during initial battery charging have been proposed.

As a related prior document, Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 10-2016-0121640 (published on October 20, 2016) (hereinafter referred to as [Patent Document 1]) "Overload prevention device during initial charging of a battery using a power converter" suggested. The [Patent Document 1] is a power converter; battery; capacitor; first and second switching units; An overload protection device that features an overload protection device including a current limiter that proposes a current flow to the capacitor side, and an overload protection device that proposes an initial overcurrent of the battery has been disclosed.

In addition, in the Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 10-1815876 (published on January 08. 2018) (hereinafter referred to as [Patent Document 2]), a battery cell; connectors that connect electrically; a voltage sensing line located on one side of the connector; A battery pack including an overcurrent protection device including a fuse connected to the other side of the voltage sensing line has been proposed.

In addition, in the Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 10-2019-0010015 (published on January 30, 2019) (hereinafter referred to as [Patent Document 3]), the battery; protection chip; first and second pattern resistors; overcurrent determination unit; charge/discharge cut-off FET; An overcurrent protection device including first and second wire resistors is presented.

Various techniques have been disclosed for methods of preventing overcurrent during charging of the batteries of [Patent Document 1] to [Patent Document 3]. However, first, the charging device determines whether the battery is connected, second, the voltage of the battery and the charging device voltage match, and thirdly, there is a limitation in that the current control is performed and the battery cannot be charged.

Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 10-2016-0121640 (published on October 20, 2016) Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 10-1815876 (published on 2018. 01. 08.) Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 10-2019-0010015 (published on January 30, 2019)

The present invention goes beyond simply preventing overcurrent when charging the battery, and first determines whether the battery is connected to a charger for rapid charging, and if the battery is not connected or below a certain voltage, the charger We propose a new device that detects the voltage of the battery in the fast charging device without generating an output voltage in the device, and a smart battery charging device that adjusts the voltage of the fast charging device to match the voltage of the battery.

A smart battery charging device according to an aspect of the present invention for solving the above problems, a relay (Relay) 110 consisting of a first contact and a second contact; a P-type FET (Field Effect Transistor) 108 and a charge detection diode 109 connected in parallel with the relay 110; a current sensor 107 connected to the first contact of the relay 110; a voltage sensor 111 connected to the second contact of the relay 110; A pulse injection circuit 105 for determining the state of the battery 114 is included in the first contact of the relay 110 .

On the other hand, a smart battery charging device according to another aspect of the present invention for solving the above problems, a relay (Relay) 110 consisting of a first contact and a second contact; a P-type FET (Field Effect Transistor) 108 and a charge detection diode 109 connected in parallel with the relay 110; a current sensor 107 connected to the first contact of the relay 110; a voltage sensor 111 connected to the second contact of the relay 110; and a pulse injection circuit 105 for determining the connection of the battery 114 to the first contact of the relay 110 .

Preferably, the pulse generated by the pulse injection circuit 105 is about 15 [V], characterized in that it is generated with a period of 10 [sec].

Also preferably, the voltage sensor 111 includes a main controller 112 that detects and controls the voltage information of the battery 114 and the current information output from the smart battery charging device from the current sensor 107 A smart battery charging device.

More preferably, the main controller 112 controls the inrush current limiting circuit 102 , the power factor improving AC-DC converter 103 and the DC-DC converter 104 .

Also preferably, when the battery 114 is not connected, the relay 110 cannot be turned on, and no charging voltage is generated at the output terminal 113 of the smart battery charging device. characterized by not being.

Also preferably, when the rated voltage of the battery 114 is lower than the output voltage of the smart battery charging device by a certain level or less, the relay 110 cannot be turned on, and the It is characterized in that no charging voltage is generated at the output terminal 113 of the smart battery charging device.

More preferably, the main controller 112 controls to gradually increase the charging current of the battery 114 after the relay 110 is turned on.

The smart battery charging device proposed in the present invention first determines whether the battery is connected to the charger for rapid charging, and if the battery is not connected or is below a certain voltage, the output voltage of the charger is not generated. Second, it has a process of adjusting the voltage of the fast charging device to match the voltage of the battery, and thirdly, it is charged with a current gradient slowly so that overcurrent does not occur. When the battery is separated from the charger, it does not generate an output voltage, so electrical stability is greatly improved. Fourth, when the battery is incorrectly connected to the charger or a battery that does not match the output voltage of the charger is connected There is an increased effect of preventing battery explosion and fire because it is not charged to the battery and not overcharged.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention in addition to the above objects and effects will become apparent through the detailed description of the embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a block diagram of a proposed smart battery charging device.
2 is a detailed circuit diagram of a proposed smart battery charging unit.
3 is a voltage pulse and a current pulse waveform generated by the proposed smart battery charging unit.
4 is an operation mode of the proposed smart battery charging device.
5 is a waveform diagram of a battery voltage and a battery charging current when charging is started in a conventional battery charging device.
6 is a battery voltage and battery charging current waveform at the start of charging in the proposed battery charging device.
7 is a picture of the proposed smart battery charging device.
8 is a picture of the proposed smart battery charging unit.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the embodiments of the present invention may be modified in various forms, and the scope of the present invention should not be construed as limited to the embodiments described in detail below, and more It is provided for complete explanation.

1 is a configuration diagram of a proposed smart battery charging device, FIG. 2 is a detailed circuit diagram of a proposed smart battery charging unit, FIG. 3 is a voltage pulse and current pulse waveforms generated in the proposed smart battery charging unit, and FIG. 4 is the proposed This is the operation mode of the smart battery charging device.

5 is a waveform of a battery voltage and a battery charging current when charging is started in the conventional battery charging device, and FIG. 6 is a waveform of a battery voltage and a battery charging current when charging is started in the proposed battery charging device.

7 is a picture of a proposed smart battery charging device, and FIG. 8 is a picture of a proposed smart battery charging unit.

First, referring to FIG. 1 , FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a proposed smart battery charging device.

The smart battery charging device has an inrush current limiting circuit 102 to prevent a sudden current from flowing from the AC power source 101 to the charger, and is connected to the inrush current limiting circuit 102 to improve the power factor of the input terminal of the charger There is a power factor correcting AC-DC converter 103 that does this. There is a DC-DC converter 104 that receives the output of the power factor improving AC-DC converter 103 and converts it into desired power in the charger. The most characteristic part of the present invention is that the output of the DC-DC converter 104 is not directly transferred to the battery 114 through the output terminal 113, but first, the battery First, it is determined whether 114 is attached to the charger, and secondly, if the battery 114 is not attached to the charger or is below a certain voltage, the charger does not generate any output voltage, and the battery ( 114) is characterized by charging only at the lowest and highest voltages suitable for charging.

To this end, the smart battery charging unit 120 has the following configuration in more detail. A relay (Relay) 110 consisting of a first contact and a second contact; a P-type FET (Field Effect Transistor) 108 and a charge detection diode 109 connected in parallel with the relay 110; a current sensor 107 connected to the first contact of the relay 110; a voltage sensor 111 connected to the second contact of the relay 110; The biggest technical feature is to have a pulse injection circuit 105 for determining the output voltage at the first contact of the relay 110 .

The main controller 112 receives the current and voltage information of the charger from the current sensor 107 and the voltage sensor 111, and receives the inrush current limiting circuit 102, the power factor improvement AC-DC converter 103 and the DC-DC converter ( 104) to control the operation. In addition, the main controller 112 operates the pulse injection circuit 105 for determining the output voltage, and the pulse injection circuit 105 for determining the output voltage is the first contact of the relay 110 . inject a pulse into The pulse is, for example, about 15 [V], and a pulse is continuously injected into the first contact with a period of 10 [sec] (frequency of 0.1 [Hz]), and at the same time a P-type FET (Field Effect Transistor) (108) is turned on with a period of 10 [sec] (frequency of 0.1 [Hz]). The voltage, period, and frequency of the pulse can be arbitrarily changed according to circumstances. When the maximum potential of the pulse injected into the first contact of the relay 110 is within a predetermined range with the voltage of the battery, the relay 110 is turned on. ) and charging the battery 114 through a charger is the biggest technical feature.

The main controller 112 is characterized in that it provides various information such as voltage and current of the charger supplied through the battery through the display for all these situations. In the present invention, the most essential part of the pulse injection circuit 105 is the biggest part to check whether the battery 114 is connected to the output terminal 113 of the charger. In the conventional charger, an output voltage is generated regardless of whether the battery is connected to the output terminal, but the proposed smart battery charging device first detects no voltage in the voltage sensor 111 when the battery is not connected to the output terminal. Second, even if the battery is connected to the output terminal, when the battery voltage is lower than 15 [V], there is a problem in that the performance of the battery is very low. In the first and second cases above, a pulse is injected into the first contact of the relay 110, and the P-type Field Effect Transistor (FET) 108 is turned on. is performed, no current flows through the charge detection diode 109 . In the present invention, in the case of a battery lower than the charging reference voltage of the battery 114 by about 15 [V] or more, the charger cannot charge the battery.

When the charging voltage of the battery 114 is very high, there is a risk of explosion, but when the charging voltage of the battery is very low, there is a problem in that the performance of the battery is reduced and the lifespan is very low due to changes in the material characteristics of the battery.

For example, if a battery with a reference voltage of 24 [V] is 9 [V] or less, a battery with a reference voltage of 48 [V] is 33 [V] or less, and a battery with a reference voltage of 72 [V] is 58 [V] In the following cases, it is determined that the performance of the battery is greatly reduced, and the main controller 112 of the present invention has a technical feature that basically does not conduct the relay 110 on. The smart battery charging device proposed in the present invention is a smart battery charging device for rapid charging, and has a technical feature of first checking whether the battery reaches a voltage range that can be normally charged. A device for checking two methods, which is the most accurate method for checking this, is a smart battery charging device proposed in the present invention.

The first process is to detect the voltage of the battery through the voltage sensor 111, the second process is about 15 [V] to the first contact of the relay 110, a period of 10 [sec] ( A pulse of 0.1 [Hz] is injected, and at the same time, the P-type FET (Field Effect Transistor) 108 is synchronized to turn on, and the third process is the pulse of the pulse. It is checked whether the maximum voltage is equal to or greater than the voltage of the battery 114, and in the fourth process, the current flowing to the battery 114 through the P-type FET 108 and the charge detection diode 109 is 0.5 [ A] Check whether it is abnormal, the fifth process turns on the relay 110 after confirming that the charger voltage and the battery voltage become the same, and the sixth process turns on the main controller 112 ) gradually increases the output current linearly while controlling the power factor improving AC-DC converter 103 and the DC-DC converter 104, and the seventh process is that the main controller 112 reaches the maximum output current during charging. In this case, the technical feature is to rapidly charge the battery while gradually decreasing the charging current of the battery.

2 is a detailed circuit diagram of a proposed smart battery charging unit. In particular, the detailed connection circuit of the relay 110 , the P-type FET 108 , the charge detection diode 109 , the current sensor 107 and the pulse injection circuit 105 for determining the output voltage is shown. A portion where the relay 110 and the current sensor 107 are connected is referred to as a first contact point of the relay 110 , and a pulse is supplied thereto. A pulse of a period of 10 [sec] (frequency of 0.1 [Hz]) is supplied by a microprocessor (not shown), and the first and second N-type transistors 121 and 122 and the first resistor R1 The pulse on and off are repeated through the configured first pulse driving circuit 123 . The driving voltage VDD represents a pulse waveform through the second resistor R2 and the second N-type transistor 122 , and is pulsed to the first contact of the relay 110 through the fourth resistor R4 . is supplied In addition, the P-type FET 108 is synchronized with the pulse through the sixth resistor R6 to perform on and off operations.

If the maximum voltage of the pulse supplied to the first contact of the relay 110 is higher than the battery voltage, the battery is placed in a voltage range that can be normally charged, and the P-type FET 108 and the charge detection A current flows through the diode 109 . In this case, the voltage feedback circuit 125 composed of the ninth resistor R9, the tenth resistor R10, and the second diode D2 detects the voltage, and the first, A turn-on signal is continuously generated in the P-type FET 108 through the second comparators 126 and 127 . However, if the maximum voltage of the pulse supplied to the first contact of the relay 110 is lower than the battery voltage by a predetermined voltage or less, the voltage of the battery 114 is very low, and the performance of the battery It is determined that this is greatly reduced, and the voltage detected at the contact point between the P-type FET 108 and the charge detection diode 109 is the third N-type transistor 129, the first diode D1, and the seventh resistor. It is a technical feature to continuously turn on and off the P-type FET 108 through the second comparator 127 through the second pulse driving circuit 128 constituted by (R7). do.

In the present invention, the smart battery charging unit 120 including the pulse injection circuit 105 is the most core technology that is clearly differentiated from other existing inventions, and directly from the charger to the battery 114 through the output terminal 113 . It's not a charging method. First, it is determined whether the battery 114 is normally connected to the output terminal 113 , and secondly, it is determined whether the voltage at which the battery 114 can be normally charged is correct. Third, the voltage of the battery 114 and the output voltage of the charger are identically matched, and fourth, it is the biggest characteristic to propose a device for gradually increasing the voltage of the charger to be charged.

Recently, it is often the case that the battery is being charged that does not match the output voltage of the charger at all. For example, if the output voltage of the charger is 24 [V] and the charging voltage rating of the battery is 12 [V], the battery is charged with overvoltage and an explosion or fire occurs. (On the contrary, when the output voltage of the charger is 12 [V] and the charging voltage rating of the battery is 24 [V], the battery is not charged and no explosion or fire occurs.) The smart battery charging device proposed in the present invention is It will have a very synergistic effect of smartly preventing it.

3 is a voltage pulse and a current pulse waveform generated by the proposed smart battery charging unit. The pulse is about 15 [V], characterized in that the pulse is continuously injected into the first contact of the relay 110 with a period of 10 [sec] (frequency of 0.1 [Hz]) .

4 is an operation mode of the proposed smart battery charging device. The pulse is about 15 [V], and the pulse is continuously injected into the first contact of the relay 110 with a period of 10 [sec] (frequency of 0.1 [Hz]), and the relay voltage generates a precharge standby voltage with a voltage slightly less than the rated voltage of the battery. Referring to FIG. 2, it can be seen that the precharge standby voltage of the 24 [V] charger is about 14 [V]. The pulse current flows through the P-type FET 108 and the charge detection diode 109, and a voltage rise occurs at the first contact of the relay. When the current detection by the current sensor 107 is 0.5 [A] or more, the voltage of the battery 114 and the output voltage of the charger are gradually matched. Thereafter, the relay 110 is turned on, and the main controller 112 gradually increases the output current through the power factor improvement AC-DC converter 103 and the DC-DC converter 104, When the output current reaches the maximum output current, the battery 114 is charged by gradually decreasing the output current. Therefore, the present invention is reviewed through a smart battery charging device that suggests whether or not the battery is connected, whether the battery voltage is suitable, etc., and there is no damage to the battery in fast charging, and charging when the charger voltage and the battery voltage are completely different It is a technical feature to prevent battery explosion and fire in advance by stopping the battery.

5 is a waveform of a battery voltage and a battery charging current when charging is started in a conventional battery charging device. The charging voltage is generated regardless of the battery voltage of the existing charger, and it can be seen that an overcurrent of 40 [A] or more initially flows. Existing chargers have a problem of damaging the battery separator and reducing battery performance and lifespan by momentarily injecting an impulse current into the battery. In addition, when the rated voltage of the battery is low compared to the output voltage of the charger, for example, the output voltage of the charger is 24 [V] and the rated voltage of the battery is 12 [V], the rated voltage of the battery is 12 [V]. There is a problem in charging up to the output voltage of the charger 24 [V]. In this case, there is a problem in that the battery cell explodes and a fire occurs.

6 is a battery voltage and battery charging current waveforms at the start of charging in the proposed battery charging device. The detailed operation process is shown in FIG. 4, and the output current is equal to the voltage of the charger and the voltage of the battery by detecting a current of 0.5 [A] or more. Thereafter, the charging current of the battery is gradually increased, and when the maximum current of 25 [A] is reached, the charging current of the battery is gradually decreased.

7 is a picture of the proposed smart battery charging device. The proposed charging device represents a 24 [V], 1500 [W] class charger, and by applying the proposed smart battery charging device, it can be sufficiently applied to a 48 [V], 72 [V] charger.

8 is a picture of the proposed smart battery charging unit. It can be seen that a relay 110 and a pulse injection circuit 105 are built in the smart battery charging unit 120 .

Therefore, the smart battery charging device proposed by the present invention is as follows.

A smart battery charging device comprising: a power factor improving AC-DC converter (103); a DC-DC converter 104 receiving the output of the power factor improving AC-DC converter 103; a current sensor 107 for detecting an output current of the DC-DC converter 104; a relay 110 comprising a first contact and a second contact connected to the current sensor 107; a P-type FET (Field Effect Transistor) 108 and a charge detection diode 109 connected in parallel with the relay 110; a voltage sensor 111 connected to the second contact of the relay 110; An object of the present invention is to propose a smart battery charging device including a pulse injection circuit 105 for determining the state of the battery 114 at the first contact point of the relay 110 .

In the above, the present invention has been described according to the optimal embodiment, but it is natural that changes and modifications made by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains within the scope of the present invention also belong to the present invention, The scope of the present invention is limited only by the following claims.

101: AC power
102: inrush current limiting circuit
103: power factor improvement AC-DC converter
104: DC-DC converter
105: pulse injection circuit
106: display
107: current sensor
108: P-type FET (Field Effect Transistor)
109: charge detection diode
110: relay
111: voltage sensor
112: main controller
113: output terminal
114: battery
120: smart battery charging unit
121: first N-type transistor
122: second N-type transistor
123: first pulse driving circuit
125: voltage feedback circuit
126: first comparator
127: second comparator
128: second pulse driving circuit
129: third N-type transistor
C1: first capacitor
C2: second capacitor
D1: first diode
D2: second diode
IC1: first integrated circuit
Pulse: Pulse waveform
R1: first resistor
R2: second resistor
R3 : 3rd resistor
R4: 4th resistor
R5: 5th resistor
R6 : 6th resistor
R7 : 7th resistor
R8: 8th resistor
R9 : ninth resistor
R10: 10th resistor
VDD : drive voltage
Vpulse : Pulse voltage
Ipulse : Pulse current

Claims (8)

In the smart battery charging device,
A relay (Relay) 110 consisting of a first contact and a second contact;
a P-type FET (Field Effect Transistor) 108 and a charge detection diode 109 connected in parallel with the relay 110;
a current sensor 107 connected to the first contact of the relay 110;
a voltage sensor 111 connected to the second contact of the relay 110; and
a pulse injection circuit 105 for determining the state of the battery 114 to the first contact of the relay 110;
A smart battery charging device comprising a.
In the smart battery charging device,
A relay (Relay) 110 consisting of a first contact and a second contact;
a P-type FET (Field Effect Transistor) 108 and a charge detection diode 109 connected in parallel with the relay 110;
a current sensor 107 connected to the first contact of the relay 110;
a voltage sensor 111 connected to the second contact of the relay 110; and
a pulse injection circuit 105 for determining the connection of the battery 114 to the first contact of the relay 110;
A smart battery charging device comprising a.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
The pulse generated by the pulse injection circuit 105 is 15 [V], and a smart battery charging device, characterized in that it occurs in a period of 10 [sec].
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
A smart battery charging device including a main controller 112 for detecting and controlling the voltage information of the battery 114 from the voltage sensor 111 and the current information output from the smart battery charging device from the current sensor 107 .
5. The method of claim 4,
The master controller (112) is a smart battery charging device, characterized in that for controlling the inrush current limiting circuit (102), the power factor improving AC-DC converter (103) and the DC-DC converter (104).
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
When the battery 114 is not connected, the relay 110 is not turned on, and no charging voltage is generated at the output terminal 113 of the smart battery charging device. smart battery charging device.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
When the rated voltage of the battery 114 is lower than the output voltage of the smart battery charging device by a certain level or less, the relay 110 cannot be turned on, and the smart battery charging device Smart battery charging device, characterized in that no charging voltage is generated at the output terminal (113).
5. The method of claim 4,
The master controller 112 is a smart battery charging device, characterized in that the control to gradually increase the charging current of the battery 114 after the relay (Relay) 110 is turned on (Turn on).

Images