KR20220057999A - Energy Supply System with Mobility - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is a movable energy supply system, capable of supplying stable energy by using a lithium-ion battery and reflecting shades according to a surrounding situation by dynamically operating a solar module. The movable energy supply system includes: a housing connected to a moving unit; an energy generating device including a plurality of the solar modules, a secondary battery module, and a plurality of first switch devices; a monitoring device including at least a first data collecting device and a first control device; and a plurality of battery cells storing electric energy output by the energy generating device. The solar modules are stored in the housing by being separated from each other. The secondary battery module is connected to at least one of the solar modules. The plurality of first switch devices controls the state of the solar modules and the secondary battery module. At least a first data collecting device collects voltage information on each of the solar modules and energy residue information on the secondary battery module. The first control device provides a control signal to the first switch devices based on information collected by the at least a first data collecting device. The first control device adaptively controls the state of the secondary battery module and the solar modules based on real-time shade information on the solar modules.

Description

Mobile Energy Supply System {Energy Supply System with Mobility}

The present invention relates to a mobile energy supply system, and more particularly, to a mobile energy supply system for adaptively driving a solar module and a secondary battery module.

Recently, as interest in environmental issues increases, there is a movement around the world to limit the use of internal combustion engine vehicles and increase the penetration rate of electric vehicles in order to reduce greenhouse gas and improve energy efficiency. Currently, the supply of electric vehicles in Korea is about 100,000, and the number is rapidly increasing every year. However, charging facilities for electric vehicles, which are infrastructure facilities, are only about 1/5 of the supply of electric vehicles, and many of these charging facilities are operated by the operating company. Operation has been halted due to negligence of management. Accordingly, it can be inferred that the shortage of charging facilities due to the increase in the penetration rate of electric vehicles is highly likely to occur in the near future.

In order to solve the problem of insufficient charging infrastructure for electric vehicles, it is possible to consider the method of expanding charging facilities, but considering the supply line capacity limit of electric power companies, the capacity limit of power distribution transformers of consumers, and the low utilization rate of charging facilities, electric vehicles Expansion of charging facilities for use is limited in terms of space (land acquisition) and cost (line or transformer extension).

The present invention is to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a mobile energy supply system for adaptively driving a solar module and a secondary battery module.

However, the technical problems to be achieved by the present embodiment are not limited to the technical problems as described above, and other technical problems may further exist.

A mobile energy supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention for achieving the above object includes a housing coupled to the moving means; A plurality of photovoltaic modules accommodated in the housing spaced apart from each other, a secondary battery module connected to at least one of the plurality of photovoltaic modules, and a plurality of solar modules for controlling a connection state between the plurality of photovoltaic modules and the secondary battery module 1 energy generating device comprising a switch device; At least one first data collection device for collecting voltage information of each of the plurality of photovoltaic modules and information on the remaining energy of the secondary battery module, and the first data collection device based on the information collected by the at least one first data collection device 1 a monitoring device comprising a first control device providing a control signal to a plurality of first switch devices; and an energy storage device including a plurality of battery cells for storing electrical energy output from the energy generating device. The first control device generates the plurality of control signals for changing the connection state of the plurality of photovoltaic modules and the secondary battery module based on real-time shadow information of the plurality of photovoltaic modules as they are moved by the moving means. to the first switch device of

Various embodiments of the present invention can supply stable energy using a lithium ion battery while dynamically driving a solar module to reflect shadows according to surrounding conditions in providing a mobile electrical energy supply system.

In addition, various embodiments of the present disclosure may achieve stable battery management by performing self-energy balancing on battery cells to prevent a risk caused by deteriorated battery cells in advance.

1 shows a mobile electric energy supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 shows a configuration of an energy generating device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
3 illustrates an example of generating electrical energy by a connection state bypassing some of a plurality of solar modules according to an embodiment of the present invention.
4 shows an example in which the secondary battery module is driven according to an embodiment of the present invention.
5 is an example illustrating a user interface related to energy generation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
6 illustrates a configuration of an energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
7 is a flowchart illustrating a method for a monitoring device to monitor and control an energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
6 is a view showing a plug according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a view showing the plug of Fig. 6 in another direction;
8 is an example illustrating a battery-related user interface according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In describing the present invention, if it is determined that a detailed description of a related known technology may unnecessarily obscure the gist of the present invention, the detailed description thereof will be omitted. In addition, numbers (eg, first, second, etc.) used in the description process of the present specification are only identification symbols for distinguishing one component from other components.

When a component is referred to as being “connected” or “connected” to another component, it is understood that the other component may be directly connected or connected to the other component, but other components may exist in between. it should be On the other hand, when it is mentioned that a certain element is "directly connected" or "directly connected" to another element, it should be understood that no other element is present in the middle.

The terms used in the present application are only used to describe specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present invention. The singular expression includes the plural expression unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In the present application, terms such as "comprise" or "have" are intended to designate that a feature, number, step, operation, component, part, or a combination thereof described in the specification exists, but one or more other features It should be understood that this does not preclude the existence or addition of numbers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

Hereinafter, the same reference numerals are used for the same components in the drawings, and repeated descriptions of the same components are omitted.

1 shows a mobile electrical energy supply system 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The mobile energy supply system 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention may be used to supply energy to an electric vehicle by utilizing a solar module and a secondary battery. In particular, the present system 1 can supply energy stably regardless of the surrounding environment by adaptively driving the solar module and the secondary battery according to the surrounding conditions.

Referring to FIG. 1 , a mobile electric energy supply system 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a housing (not shown) coupled with a moving means, an energy generation device 100 , an energy storage device 200 , and a monitoring device. 300 and an electric vehicle charging device 400 .

First, the housing has various shapes capable of accommodating the energy generation device 100 , the energy storage device 200 , the electric vehicle charging device 400 , and the monitoring device 300 , and is a combination of moving means such as wheels and rails. , is not particularly limited.

The energy generator 100 is a device for generating electrical energy, and controls a plurality of photovoltaic modules spaced apart from each other in the housing, a secondary battery module connected to at least one of the plurality of photovoltaic modules, and their connection state. including a switch device that

The energy storage device 200 includes a plurality of battery cells for storing the electrical energy collected by the energy generation device 100 , and includes a switch device for controlling a connection state of each battery cell.

The electric vehicle charging apparatus 400 receives electric energy from at least one of the energy generation apparatus 100 and the energy storage apparatus 200 and sends it to the outside (eg, electric vehicle, etc.) according to the driving mode controlled by the monitoring apparatus 300 . print out The electric vehicle charging device 400 may output the electric energy generated by the energy generating device 100 to the outside or the electric energy stored in the energy storage device 200 to the outside according to the driving mode. Also, the electric energy of the energy generating device 100 and the energy storage device 200 may be output in parallel according to the operation mode. The electric vehicle charging device 400 includes at least one DC/DC converter and at least one switch device for controlling the output of energy.

The monitoring device 300 includes at least one data collection device that collects various information such as current, voltage, and temperature of the energy generation device 100 and the energy storage device 200 , the energy generation device 100 and the energy and a solar management device (or a first control device) 310 and a battery management device (or a second control device) 320 for respectively controlling a plurality of switch devices disposed in the storage device 200 . The solar management device 310 adaptively drives the solar module and the secondary battery module. In particular, the solar management device 310 controls the switch device in real time to determine the connection state of the solar module and the secondary battery module when the efficiency is lowered due to shadows occurring in at least one solar module as it is moved by the moving means. can be changed For example, the photovoltaic management device 310 stops the driving of the photovoltaic module in which the shade has occurred, generates electrical energy using the remaining photovoltaic modules, and compensates for the amount of energy dropped by the stopped photovoltaic module In order to do this, the secondary battery module may be driven. Through this, the present system 1 can ensure stable energy supply while compensating for the shortcomings of mobile solar power generation.

In addition, the battery management device 320 estimates the performance index (State of Health, SOH) and residual capacity SOC (State of Charge) of each battery cell, and monitors the state of each battery cell in a certain period when a risk factor is detected By controlling the switch device, the operation of the energy storage device 200 may be controlled. In particular, the battery management apparatus 320 performs self-energy balancing to prevent a risk due to deteriorated battery cells in advance, thereby promoting stable battery management.

Also, the monitoring device 300 may control the driving modes of the energy generating device 100 , the energy storage device 200 , and the electric vehicle charging device 400 . That is, the monitoring device 300 is configured to charge the energy generated by the energy generation device 100 to the energy storage device 200 in a charging mode, and the electric energy of the energy storage device 200 to the outside through the electric vehicle charging device 400 . It is possible to control a first output mode for outputting to and a second output mode for outputting energy generated and stored in the energy generation device 100 and the energy storage device 200 to the outside through the electric vehicle charging device 400 in parallel there is.

Hereinafter, it will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 2 to 8 .

2 shows a configuration of an energy generating device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 2 , the energy generating device 100 includes a plurality of photovoltaic modules 110 , a secondary battery module 120 connected to at least one of the plurality of photovoltaic modules 110 , and a plurality of switch devices 130 . includes In addition, the electrical energy generated by the energy generating device 100 is output to the energy storage device 200 through the DC/DC inverter 140 .

Each photovoltaic module 110 is connected to the wiring to which the switch device 130 is coupled. In this case, the wirings include a connection wiring and a bypass wiring. The connection wiring is wiring connecting each solar module 110 , and the first to fourth solar modules 110a to 110d are primarily connected through the connection wirings. The bypass wiring is a wiring for serially connecting the remaining solar modules except for the corresponding solar module as the efficiency of the solar module connected to one end of the wiring decreases, and is to be connected with other solar modules not connected by the connection wiring can Meanwhile, the switch device 130 coupled to the connection wiring and the bypass wiring may operate in pairs. That is, when the switch device coupled to the connection wire operates on, the switch device coupled to the bypass wire may operate off. In this case, the switch device 130 may be an MC (magnet contact) device, but is not particularly limited, and may include various switch devices operable by an external signal.

Meanwhile, each switch device 130 operates by receiving a control signal from the solar management device 310 of the monitoring device 300 . The solar management device 310 includes at least one data acquisition (Data Acquisition, DAQ) device for collecting voltage information of each of the plurality of solar modules 110 . The solar management device 310 may determine real-time shadow information based on the collected voltage information. For example, the shadow information may be an identification value of at least one sunlight in which a voltage equal to or less than the first threshold value is measured. The solar management device 310 may change the connection state of each solar module and the secondary battery module based on real-time shadow information. For example, the solar management device 310 determines a new connection state including at least one bypass wiring in order to bypass the connection to the at least one solar module corresponding to the real-time shadow information, and the connection state Control signals (ie, an on control signal and an off control signal) may be transmitted to the switch device 130 corresponding to . On the other hand, the first threshold value may be a value experimentally determined according to the performance, capacity, etc. of the solar module.

3 illustrates an example of generating electrical energy by a connection state bypassing some of a plurality of photovoltaic modules according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 3 , it is assumed that the first and third solar modules 110a and 110c are shaded.

The solar management device 310 is configured to bypass the connection to the first and third solar modules 110a and 110c according to real-time shadow information, An off control signal may be transmitted to the switch devices 130 . For example, the monitoring device 300 transmits an off control signal to the switch devices 130a, 130a' and 130i coupled to the connection wiring of the first solar module 110a, and the third solar module 110c) An off control signal may be transmitted to the switch devices 130d and 130j coupled to the wiring connecting to the . Accordingly, current may flow through the bypass wiring of the second and fourth solar modules 110b and 110d.

Meanwhile, the solar management device 310 may drive the secondary battery module 120 when the efficiency (or driving rate) of all solar modules is less than or equal to the second threshold value. Here, the second threshold value is an experimentally determined value, and may be, for example, 25%. That is, in the example of FIG. 3 , when the shade also falls with the fourth solar module 110d (eg, when the amount of voltage measured by the fourth solar module 110d is less than or equal to the first threshold), the second solar Since only the photovoltaic module 110b is driven, the efficiency of the entire photovoltaic module becomes less than or equal to the second threshold (ie, 25%). The solar management device 310 may drive the secondary battery module 120 by providing an ON control signal to the switch devices 135a and 135b connected to both ends of the secondary battery module 120 .

4 shows an example in which the secondary battery module 120 is driven according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 4, it is assumed that the first, third, and fourth solar modules 110a, 110c, and 110d are shaded.

As shown in FIG. 4, the switch devices 130b, 130c and 130h coupled to the connection wiring of the second photovoltaic module 110b among the plurality of photovoltaic modules 110a to 110d are turned on, and in FIG. Alternatively, current may flow to the secondary battery module 120 . In addition, the second solar module 110b may be connected to the DC/DC inverter 140 through a bypass wiring. As described above, the energy generating device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention may maintain a constant energy production using not only the solar module but also the secondary battery. Meanwhile, the secondary battery may be a lithium ion battery, but is not particularly limited.

Meanwhile, in the description of FIGS. 2 to 4 , it has been described that the photovoltaic management device 310 measures the voltage of each photovoltaic module 110 to obtain shadow information, but is not limited thereto. For example, the shadow information may be determined by a user input. That is, the solar management device 310 may further include a user input device for receiving a user input and a display device, and receives shadow information from the user input device through a graphic user interface (GUI) displayed on the display device. can do.

In addition, in FIGS. 2 to 4 , although the energy generation device 100 is illustrated as being implemented including four solar modules, the present invention is not limited thereto, and a larger number of solar modules or a smaller number of solar modules is not limited thereto. It can also be implemented using a module.

5 is an example illustrating a user interface related to energy generation according to an embodiment of the present invention.

5A is a first GUI (shown by a red line) indicating a connection state of a plurality of photovoltaic modules 110 through a display device in the photovoltaic management device 310 according to an embodiment of the present invention; and A second GUI 510 for receiving a user input for shadow information may be provided.

In addition, as shown in (b) of Figure 5, the solar management device 310, based on the information collected from the data collection device, the amount of power per hour of the energy generation device 100, the efficiency of the entire solar module ( or driving rate), accumulated power amount, output power amount, etc. may be displayed. For example, the data collection device may generate and provide the information by collecting the amount of current at points A and B of FIG. 2 , the voltage in each solar module, the voltage in the secondary battery, and the like.

6 shows the configuration of an energy storage device 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 7 is a monitoring device 300 for monitoring and controlling the energy storage device 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a flowchart showing how to do it. Hereinafter, the energy storage device 200 will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7 .

Referring to FIG. 6 , the energy storage device 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention is connected to the energy generator 100 and stores a plurality of battery cells for storing electrical energy output from the energy generator 100 . (210a to 210d; 210) and a plurality of switch devices (230a to 230g; 230) for controlling the connection state thereof. In addition, the energy storage device 200 may include a load device 220 that adjusts the amount of energy collected by the battery cell 210 and transmits it to the electric vehicle charging device 400 . Meanwhile, each battery cell 210 may be configured as a lithium ion battery, but is not particularly limited.

Also, the monitoring device 300 may monitor and control the energy storage device 200 through the battery management device (or the second control device) 320 . In this case, the battery management device 320 may include at least one data collection device (not shown) that collects information such as current flowing to the plurality of battery cells 210 , self-energy balancing current, temperature, and voltage. For example, the battery management device 320 may measure current at points C and D, and may measure voltage at points E and F, but is not limited thereto.

Also, the battery management device 320 may transmit a control signal (ie, an on control signal or an off control signal) to the switch device 230 based on the information collected by the at least one data collection device.

More specifically, the battery management device 320 collects information on the total amount of current and temperature of the energy storage device 200 (s71), and determines whether the collected values are within first and second threshold ranges, respectively (s72). ). If the collected values are out of the first threshold range or the second threshold range, respectively, the battery management device 320 transmits an off control signal to each switch device 230 to stop the operation of the energy storage device 200 . It can be done (s78).

In a normal state (ie, within the first and second threshold ranges), the battery management apparatus 320 may drive a power conversion system (PCS) (s73).

In addition, in the idle period after the battery cell 210 is charged, the battery management device 320 measures and measures the self-energy balancing current between parallel-connected battery cells (ie, between 310a and 310c and 310b and 310d). It may be determined whether the difference between the self-energy balancing currents is within a third threshold range (s74). If the difference value is out of the third threshold range, the parallel connection between the parallel-connected battery cells may be released by driving the switch device 230f disposed between the parallel-connected battery cells (s79). In addition, when the degree of out of the third threshold range is large, the corresponding battery cell may be replaced after the entire switch device is turned off. In this way, it is possible to prevent a risk of fire or the like due to a deteriorated cell in advance.

When the difference value between the battery cells connected in parallel is within the third threshold range, the battery management apparatus 320 may determine whether the voltage deviation of each battery cell is within the fourth threshold range (s75). If the voltage deviation is out of the fourth threshold range, the battery management apparatus 320 may perform cell balancing (S77). When the voltage deviation of each battery cell (or each battery cell in the unit module) connected in series is out of the fourth threshold range, the battery management device 320 may perform passive balancing or active balancing through a resistor. The first to fourth threshold ranges may be values determined experimentally.

Meanwhile, steps s71 to s75 and s77 may be repeatedly performed for a predetermined maximum period of the energy storage device 200 (s76). In addition, each step in the above description may be further divided into additional steps or combined into fewer steps according to an embodiment of the present invention. In addition, some steps may be omitted if necessary, and the order between steps may be changed.

In addition, the battery management device 320 may estimate the remaining capacity (State of Charge, SOC) and the performance index (State of Health, SOH) of each battery cell. In general, methods for estimating the remaining capacity of a lithium ion battery include Ah-counting, Open-Circuit Voltage (OCV), Kalman Filter, Electrochemical Impedance, and the like. Among them, Ah-counting has high reliability in that it measures current in real time, but it is difficult to predict the initial value, and OCV is easy to measure in that it measures the voltage of open-circuit battery cells. It has the disadvantage that it cannot be measured during operation of a lithium-ion battery. The battery management device 320 estimates the remaining capacity of the battery cell by applying OCV and Ah-counting together. For example, the battery management device 320 may apply OCV to an initial charging state (eg, 0 to 15t), and may apply Ah-counting to a subsequent state (eg, 15t to 72t). there is.

More specifically, the battery management device 320 may estimate the remaining capacity based on the following [Equation 1] and [Equation 2].

In addition, the figure of merit of the battery cell 210 is related to the definition of a reference cycle for evaluating the performance. The battery management device 320 is a reference current value (Ahref), which is a difference between a current value at a point where charging is completed and a current value up to a point of depth of discharge (DOD), a charge accumulation current value (Ahcref) according to charging and discharging, and a discharge accumulation current A reference cycle may be determined based on the value Ahdref. This is because, in actual use of the battery, it is extremely rare to use it up to the DOD point or to charge it to 100%. The battery management device 320 may display the performance index of the corresponding battery cell based on the determined reference cycle.

Meanwhile, although FIG. 6 illustrates that the energy storage device 200 includes four battery cells, the present invention is not limited thereto.

8 is an example illustrating a battery-related user interface according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 8 , the battery management device 320 may display information such as current, self-energy balancing current, temperature, and voltage collected through the data collection device on the display device of the monitoring device 300 . In addition, by displaying the operating state (charging or discharging) of each battery cell, the user can visually check the current state of each battery cell. In addition, the monitoring device 300 may display the remaining capacity (SOC) and the figure of merit (SOH) of each battery cell estimated by the battery management device 320 , but is not limited thereto.

The above description is merely illustrative of the technical spirit of the present invention, and various modifications and variations will be possible without departing from the essential characteristics of the present invention by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains. In addition, the embodiments disclosed in the present invention are not intended to limit the technical spirit of the present invention, but to explain, and the scope of the technical spirit of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments. Accordingly, the scope of the present invention should be construed by the following claims, and all technical ideas within the equivalent range should be construed as being included in the scope of the present invention.

1: Mobile energy supply system
100: energy generation device
110: solar module 120: secondary battery module 130: switch device
140: DC/DC inverter
200: energy storage device
210: battery cell 220: load device 230: switch device
300: monitoring device
310: solar management device 320: battery management device
400: electric vehicle charging device

Claims (13)

a housing coupled to the moving means;
A plurality of photovoltaic modules accommodated in the housing spaced apart from each other, a secondary battery module connected to at least one of the plurality of photovoltaic modules, and a plurality of solar modules for controlling a connection state between the plurality of photovoltaic modules and the secondary battery module 1 an energy generating device comprising a switch device;
At least one first data collection device for collecting voltage information of each of the plurality of photovoltaic modules and information on the remaining energy of the secondary battery module, and the plurality of based on information collected by the at least one first data collection device a monitoring device comprising a first control device providing a control signal to a first switch device of and
Including an energy storage device including a plurality of battery cells for storing the electrical energy output from the energy generating device,
The first control device is
Based on real-time shading information of the plurality of photovoltaic modules as moved by the moving means, a control signal for changing the connection state of the plurality of photovoltaic modules and the secondary battery module is transmitted to the plurality of first switch devices A mobile energy supply system that transmits. The method of claim 1,
The plurality of photovoltaic modules are connected to each other by a plurality of connecting wires and bypass wires connecting the plurality of photovoltaic modules,
At least one first switch device is coupled to the plurality of connecting wires and the bypass wires. 3. The method of claim 2,
The first control device is
Determining the changed connection state including at least one bypass wiring based on the real-time shadow information, and transmitting an on control signal or an off control signal to at least one first switch device corresponding to the changed connection state,
When the efficiency of the plurality of photovoltaic modules is less than or equal to a first threshold, a mobile energy supply system for transmitting an ON control signal to at least one first switch device connected to both ends of the secondary battery module. 4. The method of claim 3,
The shade information is
A mobile energy supply system in which a voltage below a second threshold is an identification value of at least one solar module measured. 4. The method of claim 3,
The monitoring device further includes a user input device and a display device,
The first control device is
Receiving the shadow information from the user input device through a graphical user interface (GUI) displayed on the display device is a mobile energy supply system. The method of claim 1,
The energy storage device includes a plurality of second switch devices for controlling the connection state of the plurality of battery cells,
The monitoring device includes at least one second data collection device for collecting current, voltage and self-energy balancing current and temperature information of the plurality of battery cells, and based on the information collected from the at least one second data collection device and a second control device for providing a control signal to the plurality of second switch devices. 7. The method of claim 6,
The second control device is
It is determined whether the total current amount and the temperature information of the energy storage device are within a first threshold range and a second threshold range, respectively, and if the total current amount and the temperature information are within the first and second threshold ranges, power conversion (PCS) a mobile energy supply system that drives the system). 7. The method of claim 6,
The second control device is
It is determined whether a difference value between energy balancing currents between parallel-connected battery cells of the energy storage device is within a third threshold range, and if the difference value is within the third threshold range, the voltage deviation of each of the plurality of battery cells is a fourth A mobile energy supply system that determines whether it is within a critical range. 9. The method of claim 8,
The second control device is
When the difference value is out of the third threshold range, the mobile energy supply system that disconnects the parallel connection between the parallel-connected battery cells. 9. The method of claim 8,
The second control device is
When the voltage deviation of each of the plurality of battery cells is out of the fourth threshold range, cell balancing is performed. 7. The method of claim 6,
The second control device is
A mobile energy supply system that sequentially applies OCV (Open-Circuit Voltage) and Ah-counting method to estimate the remaining capacity (State of Charge) of each of the plurality of battery cells. 7. The method of claim 6,
The second control device is
A mobile energy supply system that determines a reference cycle based on a difference value between a current value at a point where charging is completed and a current value up to a depth of discharge (DOD) point, a charge accumulation current value, and a discharge accumulation current value. The method of claim 1,
The mobile energy supply system is
The mobile energy supply system further comprising an electric vehicle charging device that receives electrical energy from at least one of the energy generation device and the energy storage device and outputs it to the outside according to the driving mode controlled by the monitoring device.

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