KR20220027688A - Method for performing communication using bluetooth in a wireless power transfer system and appartus supporting the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention may comprise: a power pick-up circuit receiving wireless power from a wireless power transmitter by the wireless power transmitter provided with a first coil and magnetic coupling in an operating frequency and converting an alternating current signal occurring by the wireless power into a direct current signal; a communication circuit performing in-band communication with the wireless power transmitter using the operating frequency and performing out-band communication with the wireless power transmitter or another device using a frequency different from the operating frequency; and a control circuit controlling overall operations of the wireless power receiver.

Description

A method for performing communication using Bluetooth in a wireless power transmission system and a device supporting the same

This specification relates to a wireless power transmission system, and more particularly, to a method for performing communication using Bluetooth in a wireless power transmission system and an apparatus supporting the same.

Wireless power transmission technology is a technology for wirelessly transferring power between a power source and an electronic device. As an example, the wireless power transfer technology enables charging of the battery of a wireless terminal by simply placing a wireless terminal such as a smartphone or tablet on a wireless charging pad, so that it is more efficient than a wired charging environment using a conventional wired charging connector. It can provide excellent mobility, convenience and safety. In addition to wireless charging of wireless terminals, wireless power transmission technology is used in various fields such as electric vehicles, wearable devices such as Bluetooth earphones and 3D glasses, home appliances, furniture, underground facilities, buildings, medical devices, robots, and leisure. It is attracting attention as it will replace the existing wired power transmission environment.

The wireless power transmission method is also referred to as a contactless power transmission method, a no point of contact power transmission method, or a wireless charging method. A wireless power transmission system includes a wireless power transmission device for supplying electrical energy in a wireless power transmission method, and wireless power for receiving electrical energy wirelessly supplied from the wireless power transmission device and supplying power to a power receiving device such as a battery cell. It may consist of a receiving device.

Wireless power transmission technology includes a method of transmitting power through magnetic coupling, a method of transmitting power through radio frequency (RF), a method of transmitting power through microwaves, and ultrasound There are various ways to transmit power through The magnetic coupling-based method is again classified into a magnetic induction method and a magnetic resonance method. The magnetic induction method is a method of transmitting energy using a current induced in the receiving coil due to the magnetic field generated by the transmitting coil battery cell according to electromagnetic coupling between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil. The magnetic resonance method is similar to the magnetic induction method in that it uses a magnetic field. However, in the magnetic resonance method, resonance occurs when a specific resonant frequency is applied to the coil of the transmitting side and the coil of the receiving side, and as a result, energy is transferred by a phenomenon in which magnetic fields are concentrated at both ends of the transmitting side and receiving side. It is different from self-induction. The magnetic induction method leads the standard in the wireless power consortium (WPC), and the magnetic resonance method leads the standard in the air fuel alliance (AFA).

According to the WPC standard, the wireless power transmitter and the wireless power receiver are designed to exchange various status information and commands related to the wireless power transmission system using in-band communication. However, since in-band communication is not a system designed specifically for communication, it is not suitable for high-speed, large-capacity information exchange and exchange of various information. Therefore, a method of exchanging information related to a wireless power transmission system by combining another wireless communication system (ie, an out-band communication system) with the existing in-band communication is being discussed. Out of band communication includes, for example, near field communication (NFC) and short-distance communication such as Bluetooth communication.

Bluetooth is one of the basic technologies of IoT and is a short-range wireless technology standard for exchanging information by connecting mobile devices such as mobile phones, laptops, earphones, and headsets. Bluetooth communicates using ISM (Industrial, Scientific, Medical) band 2400~2483.5MHz frequency. In this band, Bluetooth has a guard band of 3.5 MHz above 2 MHz below, and uses a total of 79 channels with a bandwidth of 1 MHz for each channel, and uses frequency hopping to prevent radio interference. Frequency hopping, also called frequency hopping, is a method of transmitting data while moving a channel quickly according to a specific pattern. The connection between Bluetooth devices consists of a master and a slave, and up to 7 slave devices can be connected to one master device. The master and the slave are not fixed, and the master and the slave may change depending on the situation.

Bluetooth communication methods include BR/EDR (Basic Rate/Enhanced Data Rate) and LE (Low Energy), which is a low-power method. The BR/EDR method may be referred to as Bluetooth Classic. The Bluetooth classic method includes a Bluetooth technology that has been inherited from Bluetooth 1.0 using a basic rate and a Bluetooth technology that uses an enhanced data rate supported from Bluetooth 2.0.

Bluetooth Low energy (hereinafter referred to as Bluetooth LE) Applied from Bluetooth 4.0, it consumes little power and can stably provide hundreds of kilobytes (KB) of information. This Bluetooth low energy technology exchanges information between devices by using an attribute protocol. This Bluetooth LE method can reduce energy consumption by reducing header overhead and simplifying operation. Bluetooth mesh based on Bluetooth LE supports many-to-many device communication and optimizes the creation of large-scale device networks. It has industrial-level stability, scalability and security, and supports global interoperability. In particular, it is suitable for IoT solutions such as building automation, sensor networks, and asset tracking where thousands of devices need to communicate reliably and securely with each other. Mesh networks extend the reach of low-energy Bluetooth connections, and because they use a technology called 'Managed Flood', they can handle endless requests from tens of thousands of devices. Bluetooth mesh networking contributes to expanding the use of Bluetooth beyond consumers to factory automation systems, smart offices, and smart cities.

Bluetooth version 5 is an upgraded version of Bluetooth version 4. Theoretically, Bluetooth version 5 can connect up to 400m in an obstacle-free environment. Bluetooth version 5 can connect up to 120m in a realistic configuration, which is four times that of Bluetooth version 4. The data transfer rate is also doubled to 2Mbps. Therefore, Bluetooth version 5 makes it easier to transmit device firmware with faster speed, wider connection distance, and error correction function, and is useful for automobiles, intelligent meters, and medical devices implanted in the human body. In addition, Bluetooth basically performs pairing (connection) between two devices, and by using a function called broadcast, multiple communication with nearby beacons is possible without separate pairing. Bluetooth 5 increases this broadcast capacity by 8 times, allowing more diverse beacon services to be used.

Some Bluetooth devices do not have a display or user interface. The complexity of connection / management / control / disconnection between various types of Bluetooth devices and among them, Bluetooth devices to which similar technology is applied is increasing.

Short-range communication, in particular, the core spec of Bluetooth Specification V4.0 can be divided into BR/EDR (Basic Rate / Enhanced Data Rate) and LE (Low Energy). Of these, BR/EDR is a wireless communication technology that has a dominant position in the short-range WPAN technology market and is applied to many products. On the other hand, Bluetooth Low Energy (hereinafter referred to as BLE) is a technology announced after Bluetooth standard document V4.0 and is designed with the goal of higher energy efficiency compared to the existing Bluetooth BR/EDR.

When the wireless power receivers are placed close to the wireless power transmitter, the wireless power transmitter negotiates for power transmission suitable for each wireless power receiver. When the negotiation is completed, the wireless power transmitter transmits wireless power to a plurality of wireless power receivers, and the wireless power transmitter and the plurality of wireless power receivers periodically transmit information necessary for wireless power transmission using out-band communication. exchange

When out-band communication follows the Bluetooth standard, the wireless power transmitter and receiver have four roles: Advertiser, Scanner, Master and Slave defined in the Bluetooth standard. It plays a role suitable for the middle scenario. Here, the scenario may include, for example, initial connection, wireless charging after connection, wireless charging connection of a low-power device (eg, a mobile phone), wireless charging connection of a medium-power device (eg, a laptop), and the like.

In the present specification, by performing communication using Bluetooth as an OOB in a wireless power transmission system, a large amount of control information and/or data can be transmitted.

On the other hand, the effects obtainable in the present specification are not limited to the effects mentioned above, and other effects not mentioned will be clearly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which this specification belongs from the description below. will be able

The present specification provides a wireless power receiver, receiving wireless power from the wireless power transmitter by magnetic coupling with a wireless power transmitter having a primary coil at an operating frequency, and receiving the wireless power a power pick-up circuit configured to convert an AC signal generated by the DC signal into a DC signal; Perform in-band communication with the wireless power transmitter using the operating frequency, and perform out-band communication with the wireless power transmitter or other device using a frequency different from the operating frequency a communication circuit configured to do so; and a control circuit configured to control the overall operation of the wireless power receiver.

In the present specification, by performing communication using Bluetooth as an OOB in a wireless power transmission system, a large amount of control information and/or data can be transmitted.

On the other hand, the effects obtainable in the present specification are not limited to the effects mentioned above, and other effects not mentioned will be clearly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which this specification belongs from the description below. will be able

1 is a block diagram of a wireless power transmission system according to an embodiment.
2 is a block diagram of a wireless power transmission system according to another embodiment.
3A is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of various electronic devices to which a wireless power transmission system is introduced.
3B is a diagram illustrating an example of WPC NDEF in a wireless power transmission system.
4A is a block diagram of a wireless power transmission system according to another embodiment.
4B is a diagram illustrating an example of a Bluetooth communication architecture to which the present invention can be applied.
4C is a block diagram illustrating a wireless power transmission system using BLE communication according to an example.
4D is a block diagram illustrating a wireless power transmission system using BLE communication according to another example.
5 is a state transition diagram for explaining a wireless power transmission procedure.
6 is a diagram illustrating a power control method according to an embodiment.
7 is a block diagram of a wireless power transmitter according to another embodiment.
8 is a block diagram of an apparatus for receiving wireless power according to another embodiment.
9 is a diagram illustrating a communication frame structure according to an embodiment.
10 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a sync pattern according to an exemplary embodiment.
11 is a view for explaining operating states of a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver in a shared mode according to an embodiment.
12 is a flowchart illustrating a method of exchanging wireless charging-related information in an out-band or in-band by a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver according to an embodiment.
13 is a flowchart illustrating a method in which a wireless power receiver notifies an error to a wireless power transmitter according to an embodiment.
14 is a diagram illustrating a situation in which a wireless power transmitter provides a power transmission service to a plurality of wireless power receivers.
15 is a diagram illustrating an operation of a Bluetooth communication device.
16 shows an example of a flowchart for preparing a quick resume function.
17 shows a flowchart for storing power control settings.
18 shows a flowchart for recalling power control settings.

As used hereinafter, the term "wireless power" refers to any form of electric field, magnetic field, electromagnetic field, etc. transmitted from a wireless power transmitter to a wireless power receiver without the use of physical electromagnetic conductors. It is used to mean the energy of Wireless power may also be called a wireless power signal, and may refer to an oscillating magnetic flux enclosed by a primary coil and a secondary coil. Power conversion in a system is described herein for wirelessly charging devices including, for example, mobile phones, cordless phones, iPods, MP3 players, headsets, and the like. In general, the basic principle of wireless power transmission is, for example, a method of transmitting power through magnetic coupling, a method of transmitting power through a radio frequency (RF), microwave (microwave) ) includes both a method of transmitting power through an ultrasonic wave and a method of transmitting power through an ultrasonic wave.

1 is a block diagram of a wireless power transmission system according to an embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a wireless power transmission system according to another embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 1 , a wireless power transmission system 10 includes a wireless power transmitter 100 and a wireless power receiver 200 .

The wireless power transmitter 100 receives power from an external power source S to generate a magnetic field. The wireless power receiver 200 receives power wirelessly by generating a current using the generated magnetic field.

In addition, in the wireless power transmission system 10 , the wireless power transmitter 100 and the wireless power receiver 200 may transmit/receive various information required for wireless power transmission. Here, the communication between the wireless power transmitter 100 and the wireless power receiver 200 is in-band communication using a magnetic field used for wireless power transmission or out-band communication using a separate communication carrier. -band communication) may be performed according to any one of the methods. Out-band communication may be referred to as out-of-band communication. Hereinafter, out-band communication and out-of-band communication are unified and described as out-band communication. Examples of out-band communication may include NFC, Bluetooth (bluetooth), BLE (bluetooth low energy), and the like.

Here, the wireless power transmitter 100 may be provided as a fixed type or a mobile type. Examples of fixed types include embedded in furniture such as ceilings, walls, tables, etc., installed in outdoor parking lots, bus stops, subway stations, etc. There is this. The portable wireless power transmitter 100 may be implemented as a part of another device, such as a portable device having a movable weight or size, or a cover of a notebook computer.

In addition, the wireless power receiver 200 should be interpreted as a comprehensive concept including various electronic devices having a battery and various home appliances that are driven by receiving power wirelessly instead of a power cable. Representative examples of the wireless power receiver 200 include a mobile terminal, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), and a portable media player (PMP: Portable Media Player), Wibro terminals, tablets, phablets, notebooks, digital cameras, navigation terminals, televisions, electric vehicles (EVs), and the like.

In the wireless power transmission system 10 , there may be one or a plurality of wireless power receivers 200 . In FIG. 1 , the wireless power transmitter 100 and the wireless power receiver 200 exchange power on a one-to-one basis, but as shown in FIG. 2 , one wireless power transmitter 100 includes a plurality of wireless power receivers. It is also possible to transfer power to (200-1, 200-2,..., 200-M). In particular, in the case of performing wireless power transmission in a magnetic resonance method, one wireless power transmitter 100 applies a simultaneous transmission method or a time division transmission method to simultaneously multiple wireless power receivers 200-1, 200-2, ...,200-M) can deliver power.

In addition, although FIG. 1 shows a state in which the wireless power transmitter 100 directly transmits power to the wireless power receiver 200 , the wireless power transmitter 100 and the wireless power receiver 200 are connected wirelessly. A separate wireless power transmission/reception device such as a relay or repeater for increasing the power transmission distance may be provided. In this case, power may be transferred from the wireless power transmitter 100 to the wireless power transmitter/receiver, and the wireless power transmitter/receiver may transmit power back to the wireless power receiver 200 .

Hereinafter, the wireless power receiver, the power receiver, and the receiver referred to in this specification refer to the wireless power receiver 200 . Also, the wireless power transmitter, the power transmitter, and the transmitter referred to in this specification refer to the wireless power transmitter 100 .

3A is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of various electronic devices to which a wireless power transmission system is introduced, and FIG. 3B is a diagram illustrating an example of WPC NDEF in a wireless power transmission system.

FIG. 3A shows electronic devices classified according to the amount of power transmitted and received in the wireless power transmission system. Referring to FIG. 3A , wearable devices such as a smart watch, a smart glass, a head mounted display (HMD), and a smart ring and an earphone, a remote control, a smart phone, a PDA, a tablet A low-power (about 5W or less or about 20W or less) wireless charging method may be applied to mobile electronic devices (or portable electronic devices) such as a PC.

A medium-power (about 50W or less or about 200W or less) wireless charging method may be applied to small and medium-sized home appliances such as laptop computers, robot cleaners, TVs, sound devices, vacuum cleaners, and monitors. Kitchen appliances such as blenders, microwave ovens, and electric rice cookers, personal mobility devices (or electronic devices/mobilities) such as wheelchairs, electric kickboards, electric bicycles, and electric vehicles, use high power (about 2 kW or less or 22 kW or less) A wireless charging method may be applied.

The electronic devices/mobile means described above (or shown in FIG. 1 ) may each include a wireless power receiver to be described later. Accordingly, the above-described electronic devices/mobile means may be charged by wirelessly receiving power from the wireless power transmitter.

Hereinafter, the description will be focused on a mobile device to which the power wireless charging method is applied, but this is only an embodiment, and the wireless charging method according to the present invention may be applied to the various electronic devices described above.

Standards for wireless power transmission include a wireless power consortium (WPC), an air fuel alliance (AFA), and a power matters alliance (PMA).

The WPC standard defines a baseline power profile (BPP) and an extended power profile (EPP). BPP relates to a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver that support 5W power transmission, and EPP relates to a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver that support power transmission in a range greater than 5W and smaller than 30W.

Various wireless power transmitters and wireless power receivers using different power levels are covered by each standard and may be classified into different power classes or categories.

For example, WPC classifies wireless power transmitter and receiver into power class (PC) -1, PC0, PC1, and PC2, and provides standard documents for each PC. The PC-1 standard relates to a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver that provide guaranteed power of less than 5W. Applications of PC-1 include wearable devices such as smart watches.

The PC0 standard relates to a wireless power transmitter and receiver that provide a guaranteed power of 5W. The PC0 standard includes EPP with guaranteed power up to 30W. Although in-band (IB) communication is a mandatory communication protocol of PC0, out-of-band (OOB) communication used as an optional backup channel may also be used. The wireless power receiver can identify whether OOB is supported by setting an OOB flag in a configuration packet. The wireless power transmitter supporting OOB may enter the OOB handover phase by transmitting a bit-pattern for OOB handover as a response to the configuration packet. The response to the configuration packet may be NAK, ND, or a newly defined 8-bit pattern. Applications of PC0 include smartphones.

The PC1 standard relates to a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver that provide guaranteed power of 30W to 150W. OOB is an essential communication channel for PC1, and IB is used for initialization to OOB and link establishment. As a response to the configuration packet, the wireless power transmitter may enter a bit pattern for OOB handover into the OOB handover phase. Applications of PC1 include laptops and power tools.

The PC2 standard relates to a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver that provide guaranteed power of 200W to 2kW, and its applications include kitchen appliances.

As such, PCs may be distinguished according to the power level, and whether to support the same compatibility between PCs may be optional or mandatory. Here, compatibility between identical PCs means that power transmission/reception is possible between identical PCs. For example, when the wireless power transmitter of PC x can charge the wireless power receiver having the same PC x, it can be seen that compatibility between the same PCs is maintained. Similarly, compatibility between different PCs may also be supported. Here, compatibility between different PCs means that power transmission/reception is possible even between different PCs. For example, when the wireless power transmitter having PC x can charge the wireless power receiver having PC y , it can be seen that compatibility between different PCs is maintained.

Support for compatibility between PCs is a very important issue in terms of user experience and infrastructure construction. However, there are technical problems in maintaining compatibility between PCs as follows.

In the case of compatibility between the same PCs, for example, a wireless power receiver of the lap-top charging method that can stably charge only when power is continuously transmitted is called a wireless power transmitter of the same PC. Even so, there may be a problem in stably receiving power from the wireless power transmitter of the electric tool type that transmits power discontinuously. In addition, in the case of compatibility between different PCs, for example, when a wireless power transmitter with a minimum guaranteed power of 200W transmits power to a wireless power receiver with a maximum guaranteed power of 5W, the wireless power receiver may There is a risk of breakage. As a result, it is difficult for a PC to be an index/standard representing/indicating compatibility.

Wireless power transmission and reception devices may provide a very convenient user experience and interface (UX/UI). That is, a smart wireless charging service may be provided. The smart wireless charging service may be implemented based on the UX/UI of a smartphone including a wireless power transmitter. For these applications, the interface between the smartphone's processor and the wireless charging receiver allows "drop and play" bidirectional communication between the wireless power transmitter and the receiver.

As an example, a user may experience a smart wireless charging service in a hotel. When a user enters a hotel room and places a smartphone on the wireless charger in the room, the wireless charger transmits wireless power to the smartphone and the smartphone receives wireless power. In this process, the wireless charger transmits information about the smart wireless charging service to the smartphone. When the smartphone detects that it is located on the wireless charger, detects reception of wireless power, or the smartphone receives information about the smart wireless charging service from the wireless charger, the smartphone provides the user with consent ( opt-in) is requested. To this end, the smartphone may display a message on the screen in such a way that it may or may not include an alarm sound. An example of the message may include a phrase such as "Welcome to ### hotel. Select "Yes" to activate smart charging functions : Yes | No Thanks." The smartphone receives the user's input for selecting Yes or No Thanks, and performs the following procedure selected by the user. If Yes is selected, the smartphone transmits the corresponding information to the wireless charger. And the smartphone and the wireless charger perform the smart charging function together.

The smart wireless charging service may also include receiving auto-filled WiFi credentials. For example, the wireless charger transmits the WiFi credentials to the smartphone, and the smartphone automatically enters the WiFi credentials received from the wireless charger by running an appropriate app.

The smart wireless charging service may also include running a hotel application that provides hotel promotions, or obtaining remote check-in/check-out and contact information.

As another example, a user may experience a smart wireless charging service in a vehicle. When a user gets into a vehicle and places a smartphone on the wireless charger, the wireless charger transmits wireless power to the smartphone and the smartphone receives wireless power. In this process, the wireless charger transmits information about the smart wireless charging service to the smartphone. When the smartphone detects that it is located on the wireless charger, detects the reception of wireless power, or the smartphone receives information about the smart wireless charging service from the wireless charger, the smartphone prompts the user to confirm identity Enter the inquiry state.

In this state, the smartphone is automatically connected to the car via WiFi and/or Bluetooth. The smartphone may display the message on the screen in a manner that may or may not include an alarm sound. An example of the message may include a phrase such as "Welcome to your car. Select "Yes" to synch device with in-car controls : Yes | No Thanks." The smartphone receives the user's input for selecting Yes or No Thanks, and performs the following procedure selected by the user. If Yes is selected, the smartphone transmits the corresponding information to the wireless charger. In addition, the smart phone and the wireless charger can perform in-vehicle smart control functions together by driving in-vehicle application/display software. Users can enjoy the music they want and check the regular map location. The in-vehicle application/display software may include capabilities to provide synchronized access for passers-by.

As another example, a user may experience smart wireless charging at home. When a user enters a room and places a smartphone on the wireless charger in the room, the wireless charger transmits wireless power to the smartphone and the smartphone receives wireless power. In this process, the wireless charger transmits information about the smart wireless charging service to the smartphone. When the smartphone detects that it is located on the wireless charger, detects reception of wireless power, or the smartphone receives information about the smart wireless charging service from the wireless charger, the smartphone provides the user with consent ( opt-in) is requested. To this end, the smartphone may display a message on the screen in such a way that it may or may not include an alarm sound. An example of the message may include a phrase such as "Hi xxx, Would you like to activate night mode and secure the building?: Yes | No Thanks." The smartphone receives the user's input for selecting Yes or No Thanks, and performs the following procedure selected by the user. If Yes is selected, the smartphone transmits the corresponding information to the wireless charger. Smartphones and wireless chargers can at least recognize the user's pattern and encourage the user to lock doors and windows, turn off lights, or set an alarm.

Hereinafter, a 'profile' will be newly defined as an indicator/standard representing/indicating compatibility. That is, it can be interpreted that compatibility is maintained between wireless power transceivers having the same 'profile' so that stable power transmission and reception is possible, and power transmission and reception is impossible between wireless power transceivers having different 'profiles'. Profiles may be defined according to application and/or compatibility independent of (or independently of) power class.

For example, the profile can be largely divided into i) mobile, ii) electric tool, iii) kitchen, and iv) wearable.

In the case of the 'mobile' profile, PC can be defined as PC0 and/or PC1, communication protocol/method is IB and OOB, and operating frequency is 87~205kHz. Examples of applications include smartphones, laptops, etc. can

In the case of the 'electric tool' profile, PC may be defined as PC1, communication protocol/method may be IB, and operating frequency may be defined as 87~145kHz. As an example of the application, an electric tool may exist.

In the case of the 'kitchen' profile, PC may be defined as PC2, communication protocol/method is NFC-based, and operating frequency is less than 100 kHz, and examples of applications include kitchen/home appliances.

For power tools and kitchen profiles, NFC communication can be used between the wireless power transmitter and the receiver. By exchanging WPC NDEF (NFC Data Exchange Profile Format), the wireless power transmitter and the receiver can confirm that they are NFC devices. For example, the WPC NDEF may include an application profile field (eg 1B), a version field (eg 1B), and profile specific data (eg 1B) as shown in FIG. 3B . can The application profile field indicates whether the device is i) mobile and computing, ii) powered tools, and iii) kitchen, the upper nibble of the version field indicates the major version and the lower nibble (lower nibble) indicates a minor version. Profile-specific data also defines the content for the kitchen.

In the case of the 'wearable' profile, the PC may be defined as PC-1, the communication protocol/method may be IB, and the operating frequency may be defined as 87 to 205 kHz, and examples of the application may include a wearable device worn on the user's body.

Maintaining compatibility between the same profiles may be essential, and maintaining compatibility between different profiles may be optional.

The above-described profiles (mobile profile, electric tool profile, kitchen profile, and wearable profile) may be generalized and expressed as first to nth profiles, and new profiles may be added/replaced according to WPC standards and embodiments.

When the profile is defined in this way, the wireless power transmitter selectively transmits power only to the wireless power receiver having the same profile as itself, thereby enabling more stable power transmission. In addition, since the burden on the wireless power transmitter is reduced, and no attempt is made to transmit power to an incompatible wireless power receiver, the risk of damage to the wireless power receiver is reduced.

PC1 in the 'mobile' profile can be defined by borrowing optional extensions such as OOB based on PC0, and in the case of the 'powered tools' profile, the PC1 'mobile' profile can be defined simply as a modified version. In addition, although it has been defined for the purpose of maintaining compatibility between the same profiles up to now, technology may be developed in the direction of maintaining compatibility between different profiles in the future. The wireless power transmitter or the wireless power receiver may inform the counterpart of its profile through various methods.

The AFA standard refers to the wireless power transmitter as a power transmitting circuit (PTU), and the wireless power receiver as a power receiving circuit (PRU). PTUs are classified into a plurality of classes as shown in Table 1, and PRUs are classified into a plurality of categories as shown in Table 2.

As shown in Table 1, the maximum output power capability of the class n PTU is greater than or equal to the PTX_IN_MAX value of the corresponding class. The PRU cannot draw power greater than the power specified in the corresponding category.

4A is a block diagram of a wireless power transmission system according to another embodiment.

4B is a diagram illustrating an example of a Bluetooth communication architecture to which the present invention can be applied.

Referring to FIG. 4A , the wireless power transmission system 10 includes a mobile device 450 wirelessly receiving power and a base station 400 wirelessly transmitting power.

The base station 400 is a device that provides inductive power or resonant power, and may include at least one wireless power transmitter 100 and a system circuit 405 . The wireless power transmitter 100 may transmit inductive power or resonant power and control the transmission. The wireless power transmitter 100 transmits power to an appropriate level and a power conversion circuit 110 that converts electrical energy into a power signal by generating a magnetic field through a primary coil (s) It may include a communication / control circuit (communications & control circuit, 120) for controlling communication and power transfer with the wireless power receiver 200 to do so. The system circuit 405 may perform input power provisioning, control of a plurality of wireless power transmitters, and other operation control of the base station 400 such as user interface control.

The primary coil may generate an electromagnetic field using alternating current (or voltage or current). The primary coil may receive AC power (or voltage or current) of a specific frequency output from the power conversion circuit 110 and may generate a magnetic field of a specific frequency accordingly. The magnetic field may be generated non-radiatively or radially, and the wireless power receiving apparatus 200 receives it and generates a current. In other words, the primary coil is to transmit power wirelessly.

In the magnetic induction method, the primary coil and the secondary coil may have any suitable shape, for example, a copper wire wound around a high permeability formation such as ferrite or an amorphous metal. The primary coil may be referred to as a primary core, a primary winding, a primary loop antenna, or the like. Meanwhile, the secondary coil may be referred to as a secondary core, a secondary winding, a secondary loop antenna, a pickup antenna, or the like.

When the magnetic resonance method is used, the primary coil and the secondary coil may be provided in the form of a primary resonance antenna and a secondary resonance antenna, respectively. The resonant antenna may have a resonant structure including a coil and a capacitor. At this time, the resonant frequency of the resonant antenna is determined by the inductance of the coil and the capacitance of the capacitor. Here, the coil may be formed in the form of a loop. In addition, a core may be disposed inside the loop. The core may include a physical core such as a ferrite core or an air core.

Energy transfer between the primary resonant antenna and the secondary resonant antenna may be achieved through a resonance phenomenon of a magnetic field. The resonance phenomenon refers to a phenomenon in which, when a near field corresponding to a resonant frequency is generated in one resonant antenna, when other resonant antennas are located around, both resonant antennas are coupled to each other and high efficiency energy transfer occurs between the resonant antennas. . When a magnetic field corresponding to the resonant frequency is generated between the primary resonant antenna and the secondary resonant antenna, a phenomenon occurs in which the primary resonant antenna and the secondary resonant antenna resonate with each other. The magnetic field is focused toward the secondary resonant antenna with higher efficiency compared to the case where the magnetic field is radiated into free space, and thus energy can be transferred from the primary resonant antenna to the secondary resonant antenna with high efficiency. The magnetic induction method may be implemented similarly to the magnetic resonance method, but in this case, the frequency of the magnetic field does not need to be the resonant frequency. Instead, in the magnetic induction method, matching between the loops constituting the primary coil and the secondary coil is required, and the distance between the loops must be very close.

Although not shown in the drawings, the wireless power transmitter 100 may further include a communication antenna. The communication antenna may transmit and receive communication signals using a communication carrier other than magnetic field communication. For example, the communication antenna may transmit and receive communication signals such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Bluetooth LE, ZigBee, and NFC.

The communication/control circuit 120 may transmit/receive information to and from the wireless power receiver 200 . The communication/control circuit 120 may include at least one of an IB communication module and an OOB communication module.

The IB communication module may transmit/receive information using a magnetic wave having a specific frequency as a center frequency. For example, the communication/control circuit 120 may perform in-band communication by loading information on a magnetic wave and transmitting it through a primary coil or by receiving a magnetic wave containing information through a primary coil. At this time, a modulation scheme such as binary phase shift keying (BPSK) or amplitude shift keying (ASK) and Manchester coding or non-return-to-zero (NZR-L) level) coding methods such as coding can be used to contain information in magnetic waves or to interpret magnetic waves containing information. If such IB communication is used, the communication/control circuit 120 may transmit/receive information up to a distance of several meters at a data rate of several kbps.

The OOB communication module may perform out-band communication through a communication antenna. For example, the communication/control circuit 120 may be provided as a short-range communication module. Examples of the short-distance communication module include communication modules such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Bluetooth LE, ZigBee, and NFC.

The communication/control circuit 120 may control the overall operation of the wireless power transmitter 100 . The communication/control circuit 120 may perform calculation and processing of various types of information, and may control each component of the wireless power transmission apparatus 100 .

The communication/control circuit 120 may be implemented as a computer or a similar device using hardware, software, or a combination thereof. In terms of hardware, the communication/control circuit 120 may be provided in the form of an electronic circuit that processes electrical signals to perform a control function, and in software, in the form of a program for driving the communication/control circuit 120 in hardware. can be provided.

The communication/control circuit 120 may control the transmit power by controlling an operating point. The controlling operating point may correspond to a combination of frequency (or phase), duty cycle, duty ratio, and voltage amplitude. The communication/control circuit 120 may control the transmission power by adjusting at least one of a frequency (or phase), a duty cycle, a duty ratio, and a voltage amplitude. In addition, the wireless power transmitter 100 may supply a constant power, and the wireless power receiver 200 may control the received power by controlling the resonance frequency.

The mobile device 450 receives and stores the power received from the wireless power receiver 200 and the wireless power receiver 200 that receives wireless power through a secondary coil and stores the device. Includes a load (load, 455) to supply to.

The wireless power receiver 200 may include a power pick-up circuit 210 and a communication/control circuit 220 . The power pickup circuit 210 may receive wireless power through the secondary coil and convert it into electrical energy. The power pickup circuit 210 rectifies the AC signal obtained through the secondary coil and converts it into a DC signal. The communication/control circuit 220 may control transmission and reception of wireless power (power transmission and reception).

The secondary coil may receive wireless power transmitted from the wireless power transmitter 100 . The secondary coil may receive power using a magnetic field generated in the primary coil. Here, when the specific frequency is the resonance frequency, a magnetic resonance phenomenon occurs between the primary coil and the secondary coil, so that power can be transmitted more efficiently.

Although not shown in FIG. 4A , the communication/control circuit 220 may further include a communication antenna. The communication antenna may transmit and receive communication signals using a communication carrier other than magnetic field communication. For example, the communication antenna may transmit and receive communication signals such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Bluetooth LE, ZigBee, and NFC.

The communication/control circuit 220 may transmit/receive information to and from the wireless power transmitter 100 . The communication/control circuit 220 may include at least one of an IB communication module and an OOB communication module.

The IB communication module may transmit/receive information using a magnetic wave having a specific frequency as a center frequency. For example, the communication/control circuit 220 may perform IB communication by loading information into a magnetic wave and transmitting it through a secondary coil or by receiving a magnetic wave containing information through a secondary coil. At this time, a modulation scheme such as binary phase shift keying (BPSK) or amplitude shift keying (ASK) and Manchester coding or non-return-to-zero (NZR-L) level) coding methods such as coding can be used to contain information in magnetic waves or to interpret magnetic waves containing information. If such IB communication is used, the communication/control circuit 220 may transmit/receive information up to a distance of several meters at a data rate of several kbps.

The OOB module may perform out-band communication through a communication antenna. For example, the communication/control circuit 220 may be provided as a short-range communication module.

Examples of the short-distance communication module include communication modules such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Bluetooth LE, ZigBee, and NFC.

The communication/control circuit 220 may control the overall operation of the wireless power receiver 200 . The communication/control circuit 220 may perform calculation and processing of various information, and may control each component of the wireless power receiver 200 .

The communication/control circuit 220 may be implemented as a computer or a similar device using hardware, software, or a combination thereof. In terms of hardware, the communication/control circuit 220 may be provided in the form of an electronic circuit that processes electrical signals to perform a control function, and in software, in the form of a program for driving the communication/control circuit 220 in hardware. can be provided.

When the communication/control circuit 120 and the communication/control circuit 220 are Bluetooth or Bluetooth LE as an OOB communication module or a short-range communication module, the communication/control circuit 120 and the communication/control circuit 220 are respectively shown in FIG. 4b It can be implemented and operated with the same communication architecture as

Referring to FIG. 4B , an example of a protocol stack of Bluetooth BR (Basic Rate)/EDR (Enhanced Data Rate) and Bluetooth LE (Low Energy) supporting GATT is illustrated.

Specifically, the Bluetooth BR/EDR protocol stack can include an upper controller stack (Controller stack, 460) and a lower host stack (Host Stack, 470) based on the host controller interface (HCI, 18). there is.

The host stack (or host module) 470 refers to a wireless transceiver module that receives a Bluetooth signal of 2.4 GHz and hardware for transmitting or receiving Bluetooth packets, and the controller stack 460 is connected to the Bluetooth module to configure the Bluetooth module. Control and perform actions.

The host stack 470 may include a BR/EDR PHY layer 12 , a BR/EDR baseband layer 14 , and a link manager layer 16 .

The BR/EDR PHY layer 12 is a layer for transmitting and receiving a 2.4 GHz radio signal. When GFSK (Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying) modulation is used, data can be transmitted by hopping 79 RF channels.

The BR/EDR baseband layer 14 is responsible for transmitting a digital signal, selects a channel sequence hopping 1400 times per second, and transmits a 625us-long time slot for each channel.

The link manager layer 16 controls the overall operation (link setup, control, security) of the Bluetooth connection by using LMP (Link Manager Protocol).

The link manager layer 16 may perform the following functions.

- Perform ACL/SCO logical transport, logical link setup and control.

- Detach: Aborts the connection and informs the other device of the reason for the interruption.

- Power control and role switch.

- Performs security (authentication, pairing, encryption) functions.

The host controller interface layer 18 provides an interface between the host module and the controller module so that the host provides commands and data to the controller, and allows the controller to provide events and data to the host.

The host stack (or host module, 20) is a logical link control and adaptation protocol (L2CAP, 21), an attribute protocol (Protocol, 22), a generic attribute profile (Generic Attribute Profile, GATT, 23), a generic access profile (Generic Access) Profile, GAP, 24), and BR/EDR profile (25).

The logical link control and adaptation protocol (L2CAP, 21) may provide one bidirectional channel for data transmission to a specific protocol or profile file.

The L2CAP 21 may multiplex various protocols, profiles, etc. provided by the Bluetooth upper layer.

L2CAP of Bluetooth BR/EDR uses dynamic channels, supports protocol service multiplexer, retransmission, and streaming mode, and provides segmentation and reassembly, per-channel flow control, and error control.

The generic attribute profile (GATT) 23 may be operable as a protocol describing how the attribute protocol 22 is used in the configuration of services. For example, the generic attribute profile 23 may be operable to define how ATT attributes are grouped together into services, and may be operable to describe characteristics associated with services.

Thus, the generic attribute profile 23 and the attribute protocol (ATT) 22 can use features to describe the state and services of a device, how they relate to each other and how they are used.

The attribute protocol 22 and the BR/EDR profile 25 define a service (profile) using Bluetooth BR/EDR and an application protocol for sending and receiving these data, and the generic access profile (Generic Access Profile, GAP, 24) defines device discovery, connectivity, and security levels.

Next, the Bluetooth LE protocol stack includes a controller stack 480 operable to process a timing-critical radio interface and a host stack 490 operable to process high-level data. .

First, the controller stack 480 may be implemented using a communication module that may include a Bluetooth radio, for example, a processor module that may include a processing device such as a microprocessor.

The host stack 490 may be implemented as part of an OS running on a processor module, or as an instantiation of a package on the OS.

In some instances, the controller stack and host stack may operate or run on the same processing device within a processor module.

The controller stack 480 includes a physical layer (PHY) 32, a link layer (Link Layer) 34, and a host controller interface (Host Controller Interface, 36).

The physical layer (PHY, radio transmit/receive module, 32) is a layer for transmitting and receiving a 2.4 GHz radio signal, and uses Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK) modulation and a frequency hopping technique composed of 40 RF channels.

The link layer 34, which transmits or receives Bluetooth packets, performs advertising and scanning functions using three advertising channels, and then creates a connection between devices, and a maximum of 257 bytes of data packets through 37 data channels. Provides a function to send and receive

The host stack includes Generic Access Profile (GAP, 40), Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP, 41), Security Manager (SM, 42), Attribute Protocol (ATT, 440), and Generic Attribute Profile. (Generic Attribute Profile, GATT, 44), a generic access profile (Generic Access Profile, 25), may include the LT profile (46). However, the host stack 490 is not limited thereto and may include various protocols and profiles.

The host stack uses L2CAP to multiplex various protocols and profiles provided by the Bluetooth upper layer.

First, L2CAP (Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol, 41) may provide one bidirectional channel for data transmission to a specific protocol or profile.

The L2CAP 41 may be operable to multiplex data between higher layer protocols, segment and reassemble packages, and manage multicast data transmission.

In Bluetooth LE, 3 fixed channels (1 for signaling CH, 1 for Security Manager, 1 for Attribute protocol) are basically used. And, if necessary, a dynamic channel may be used.

On the other hand, in BR/EDR (Basic Rate/Enhanced Data Rate), a dynamic channel is basically used, and protocol service multiplexer, retransmission, streaming mode, etc. are supported.

SM (Security Manager, 42) is a protocol for authenticating a device and providing key distribution.

ATT (Attribute Protocol, 43) defines a rule for accessing data of a counterpart device in a server-client structure. ATT has the following 6 message types (Request, Response, Command, Notification, Indication, Confirmation).

1) Request and Response message: Request message is a message for requesting and delivering specific information from the client device to the server device, and the Response message is a response message to the Request message, which can be used for transmission from the server device to the client device. say the message

2) Command message: A message transmitted from the client device to the server device to mainly instruct a command of a specific operation. The server device does not transmit a response to the command message to the client device.

3) Notification message: A message transmitted from the server device to the client device for notification such as an event, and the client device does not transmit a confirmation message for the Notification message to the server device.

4) Indication and Confirm message: A message transmitted from the server device to the client device for notification such as an event. Unlike the Notification message, the client device transmits a confirmation message for the Indication message to the server device.

The present invention transmits a value for the data length when requesting a long data in the GATT profile using the attribute protocol (ATT, 43) so that the client can clearly know the data length, and uses UUID to obtain a characteristic (Characteristic) from the server value can be sent.

The general access profile (GAP, 45) is a newly implemented layer for Bluetooth LE technology, and is used to control role selection and multi-profile operation for communication between Bluetooth LE devices.

In addition, the general access profile 45 is mainly used for device discovery, connection creation, and security procedures, defines a method for providing information to a user, and defines the following attribute types.

1) Service: Defines the basic operation of the device as a combination of data-related behavior

2) Include: define the relationship between services

3) Characteristics: data value used in service

4) Behavior: A computer-readable format defined by UUID (Universal Unique Identifier, value type)

The LE profile 46 is mainly applied to Bluetooth LE devices as profiles that depend on GATT. The LE profile 46 may include, for example, Battery, Time, FindMe, Proximity, and Time, and the specific contents of the GATT-based Profiles are as follows.

1) Battery: How to exchange battery information

2) Time: How to exchange time information

3) FindMe: Provides an alarm service based on distance

4) Proximity: How to exchange battery information

The generic attribute profile GATT 44 may be operable as a protocol describing how the attribute protocol 43 is used in the configuration of services. For example, the generic attribute profile 44 may be operable to define how ATT attributes are grouped together into services, and may be operable to describe characteristics associated with services.

Thus, the generic attribute profile 44 and the attribute protocol (ATT) 43 can use features to describe the state and services of a device, how they relate to each other and how they are used.

Hereinafter, procedures of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology will be briefly described.

The BLE procedure may be divided into a device filtering procedure, an advertising procedure, a scanning procedure, a discovery procedure, a connecting procedure, and the like.

Device Filtering Procedure

The device filtering procedure is a method for reducing the number of devices that respond to requests, instructions, and notifications in the controller stack.

When a request is received from all devices, it is unnecessary to respond to it, so the controller stack can reduce the number of requests it transmits, thereby reducing power consumption in the BLE controller stack.

An advertising device or a scanning device may perform the device filtering procedure to restrict devices receiving an advertisement packet, a scan request, or a connection request.

Here, the advertisement device refers to a device that transmits an advertisement event, that is, performs advertisement, and is also expressed as an advertiser.

The scanning device refers to a device that performs scanning and a device that transmits a scan request.

In BLE, when a scanning device receives some advertisement packets from an advertisement device, the scanning device has to send a scan request to the advertisement device.

However, when the device filtering procedure is used and the scan request transmission is unnecessary, the scanning device may ignore advertisement packets transmitted from the advertisement device.

A device filtering procedure may also be used in the connection request process. If device filtering is used in the connection request process, it is not necessary to transmit a response to the connection request by ignoring the connection request.

Advertising Procedure

The advertisement device performs an advertisement procedure to perform non-directional broadcast to devices in the area.

Here, undirected advertising is advertising directed to all (all) devices rather than a broadcast directed to a specific device, and all devices scan advertisements to request additional information or You can make a connection request.

Contrary to this, in the directed advertising, only a device designated as a receiving device scans the advertisement to request additional information or a connection request.

An advertisement procedure is used to establish a Bluetooth connection with a nearby initiating device.

Alternatively, the advertisement procedure may be used to provide periodic broadcast of user data to scanning devices that are listening on the advertisement channel.

In the advertisement procedure, all advertisements (or advertisement events) are broadcast through the advertisement physical channel.

Advertising devices may receive a scan request from listening devices that are listening to obtain additional user data from the advertising device. The advertisement device transmits a response to the scan request to the device that transmitted the scan request through the same advertisement physical channel as the advertisement physical channel on which the scan request is received.

Broadcast user data sent as part of advertisement packets is dynamic data, whereas scan response data is generally static data.

An advertising device may receive a connection request from an initiating device on an advertising (broadcast) physical channel. If the advertisement device uses a connectable advertisement event and the initiating device is not filtered by the device filtering procedure, the advertisement device stops the advertisement and enters a connected mode. The advertising device may start advertising again after the connected mode.

Scanning Procedure

A device performing scanning, that is, a scanning device, performs a scanning procedure to listen to a non-directional broadcast of user data from advertisement devices using an advertisement physical channel.

The scanning device sends a scan request to the advertisement device through an advertisement physical channel to request additional data from the advertisement device. The advertisement device transmits a scan response, which is a response to the scan request, including additional data requested by the scanning device through the advertisement physical channel.

The scanning procedure may be used while being connected to another BLE device in the BLE piconet.

If the scanning device is in an initiator mode that can receive a broadcast advertisement event and initiate a connection request, the scanning device sends a connection request to the advertisement device through an advertisement physical channel. You can start a Bluetooth connection with

When the scanning device sends a connection request to the advertising device, the scanning device stops scanning initiator mode for additional broadcast, and enters the connected mode.

Discovering Procedure

Devices capable of Bluetooth communication (hereinafter, referred to as 'Bluetooth devices') perform advertisement procedures and scanning procedures to discover nearby devices or to be discovered by other devices within a given area.

The discovery procedure is performed asymmetrically. A Bluetooth device that tries to find other nearby devices is called a discovering device and listens to find devices that advertise a scannable advertisement event. A Bluetooth device discovered and available from other devices is called a discoverable device and actively broadcasts an advertisement event so that other devices can scan it through an advertisement (broadcast) physical channel.

Both the discovering device and the discoverable device may be already connected to other Bluetooth devices in the piconet.

Connecting Procedure

The connection procedure is asymmetric, and the connection procedure requires that a specific Bluetooth device perform a scanning procedure while another Bluetooth device performs an advertisement procedure.

That is, an advertisement procedure may be targeted, as a result of which only one device will respond to the advertisement. After receiving an accessible advertisement event from an advertisement device, a connection may be initiated by sending a connection request to the advertisement device through an advertisement (broadcast) physical channel.

Next, an operation state in the BLE technology, that is, an advertising state, a scanning state, an initiating state, and a connection state will be briefly reviewed.

Advertising State

The link layer (LL) enters the advertisement state by the instruction of the host (stack). When the link layer is in the advertisement state, the link layer sends advertisement packet data circuits (PDUs) in advertisement events.

Each advertisement event consists of at least one advertisement PDU, and the advertisement PDUs are transmitted through used advertisement channel indexes. The advertisement event may be terminated when the advertisement PDU is respectively transmitted through the used advertisement channel indexes, or the advertisement event may be terminated earlier when the advertisement device needs to secure a space to perform another function.

Scanning State

The link layer enters the scanning state under the direction of the host (stack). In the scanning state, the link layer listens for advertisement channel indices.

There are two types of scanning states, passive scanning and active scanning, and each scanning type is determined by a host.

A separate time or advertisement channel index for performing scanning is not defined.

During the scanning state, the link layer listens for the advertisement channel index during a scanWindow duration. The scanInterval is defined as the interval (interval) between the starting points of two consecutive scan windows.

The link layer MUST listen for completion of all scan intervals in the scan window as directed by the host, provided there is no scheduling conflict. In each scan window, the link layer must scan a different advertisement channel index. The link layer uses all available advertising channel indices.

In passive scanning, the link layer only receives packets and transmits no packets.

In active scanning, the link layer performs listening depending on the advertisement PDU type, which can request advertisement PDUs and additional information related to the advertisement device from the advertisement device.

Initiating State

The link layer enters the initiation state by the instruction of the host (stack).

When the link layer is in the initiating state, the link layer performs listening for advertisement channel indices.

During the start state, the link layer listens for the advertisement channel index during the scan window period.

connection state

The link layer enters the connected state when the device making the connection request, that is, the initiating device sends a CONNECT_REQ PDU to the advertising device, or when the advertising device receives the CONNECT_REQ PDU from the initiating device.

After entering the connected state, a connection is considered to be created. However, the connection does not need to be considered to be established when it enters the connected state. The only difference between the newly created connection and the established connection is the link layer connection supervision timeout value.

When two devices are connected, they act in different roles.

The link layer performing the master role is called a master, and the link layer performing the slave role is called a slave. The master controls the timing of the connection event, and the connection event refers to the synchronization point between the master and the slave.

Hereinafter, a packet defined in the Bluetooth interface will be briefly described. BLE devices use packets defined below.

Packet Format

The Link Layer has only one packet format used for both advertisement channel packets and data channel packets.

Each packet consists of four fields: a preamble, an access address, a PDU, and a CRC.

When one packet is transmitted in the advertisement channel, the PDU will be the advertisement channel PDU, and when one packet is transmitted in the data channel, the PDU will be the data channel PDU.

Advertising Channel PDU

The advertisement channel PDU (Packet Data Circuit) has a 16-bit header and payloads of various sizes.

The PDU type field of the advertisement channel PDU included in the header indicates the PDU type as defined in Table 3 below.

Advertising PDU

The following advertisement channel PDU types are called advertisement PDUs and are used in specific events.

ADV_IND: Linkable non-directional advertising event

ADV_DIRECT_IND: Linkable direct advertising event

ADV_NONCONN_IND: Non-Linkable Non-Directional Advertising Event

ADV_SCAN_IND: Scannable non-directional advertising event

The PDUs are transmitted by the link layer in the advertisement state and are received by the link layer in the scanning state or initiating state.

Scanning PDU

The following advertisement channel PDU types are called scanning PDUs and are used in the state described below.

SCAN_REQ: Sent by the link layer in the scanning state, and received by the link layer in the advertisement state.

SCAN_RSP: Sent by the link layer in the advertisement state, and received by the link layer in the scanning state.

Initiating PDU

The following advertisement channel PDU types are called initiation PDUs.

CONNECT_REQ: Sent by the link layer in the initiating state, and received by the link layer in the advertising state.

Data Channel PDUs

The data channel PDU may have a 16-bit header, payloads of various sizes, and include a Message Integrity Check (MIC) field.

The procedure, state, packet format, etc. in the BLE technology discussed above may be applied to perform the methods proposed in this specification.

Referring back to FIG. 4A , the load 455 may be a battery. The battery may store energy using power output from the power pickup circuit 210 . Meanwhile, the battery is not necessarily included in the mobile device 450 . For example, the battery may be provided as a detachable external configuration. For another example, the wireless power receiver 200 may include a driving means for driving various operations of the electronic device instead of a battery.

Although the mobile device 450 is shown to include the wireless power receiver 200 and the base station 400 is shown to include the wireless power transmitter 100, in a broad sense, the wireless power receiver ( 200 may be identified with the mobile device 450 , and the wireless power transmitter 100 may be identified with the base station 400 .

When the communication/control circuit 120 and the communication/control circuit 220 include Bluetooth or Bluetooth LE as an OOB communication module or a short-range communication module in addition to the IB communication module, wireless power transmission including the communication/control circuit 120 The device 100 and the wireless power receiver 200 including the communication/control circuit 220 may be represented by a simplified block diagram as shown in FIG. 4C .

4c is a block diagram illustrating a wireless power transmission system using BLE communication according to an example, and FIG. 4d is a block diagram illustrating a wireless power transmission system using BLE communication according to another example.

Referring to FIG. 4C , the wireless power transmitter 100 includes a power conversion circuit 110 and a communication/control circuit 120 . The communication/control circuit 120 includes an in-band communication module 121 and a BLE communication module 122 .

Meanwhile, the wireless power receiver 200 includes a power pickup circuit 210 and a communication/control circuit 220 . The communication/control circuit 220 includes an in-band communication module 221 and a BLE communication module 222 .

In one aspect, the BLE communication modules 122 , 222 perform the architecture and operation according to FIG. 4B . For example, the BLE communication modules 122 and 222 may be used to establish a connection between the wireless power transmitter 100 and the wireless power receiver 200, and to exchange control information and packets necessary for wireless power transmission. there is.

In another aspect, the communication/control circuit 120 may be configured to operate a profile for wireless charging. Here, the profile for wireless charging may be GATT using BLE transmission.

On the other hand, the communication/control circuits 120 and 220 include only the in-band communication modules 121 and 221, respectively, as shown in FIG. 4D, and the BLE communication modules 122 and 222 are the communication/control circuits 120, 220) and a form separately provided is also possible.

Hereinafter, the coil or the coil unit may be referred to as a coil assembly, a coil cell, or a cell including a coil and at least one element adjacent to the coil.

Hereinafter, the coil or the coil unit may be referred to as a coil assembly, a coil cell, or a cell including a coil and at least one element adjacent to the coil.

5 is a state transition diagram for explaining a wireless power transmission procedure.

Referring to FIG. 5 , power transmission from the wireless power transmitter to the wireless power receiver according to an embodiment of the present invention is largely a selection phase 510 , a ping phase 520 , identification and configuration. Divided into identification and configuration phase 530, negotiation phase 540, calibration phase 550, power transfer phase 560 and renegotiation phase 570 can be

The selection step 510 transitions when a specific error or a specific event is detected while initiating or maintaining power transmission - including, for example, reference numerals S501, S502, S504, S508, S510 and S512 - can be Here, specific errors and specific events will become clear through the following description. Also, in the selection step 510 , the wireless power transmitter may monitor whether an object is present on the interface surface. If the wireless power transmitter detects that an object is placed on the surface of the interface, it may transition to the ping step 520 . In the selection step 510, the wireless power transmitter transmits an analog ping signal of a very short pulse, and based on the current change of the transmitting coil or the primary coil, the active area of the interface surface (Active Area) ) can detect the presence of an object.

When an object is detected in the selection step 510 , the wireless power transmitter may measure a quality factor of a wireless power resonance circuit (eg, a power transmission coil and/or a resonance capacitor). In an embodiment, when an object is detected in the selection step 510 , a quality factor may be measured to determine whether the wireless power receiver is placed in the charging area together with the foreign material. In the coil provided in the wireless power transmitter, an inductance and/or a series resistance component in the coil may be reduced due to an environmental change, thereby reducing a quality factor value. In order to determine the presence or absence of a foreign substance using the measured quality factor value, the wireless power transmitter may receive a pre-measured reference quality factor value from the wireless power receiver in a state in which the foreign substance is not disposed in the charging area. The presence of foreign substances may be determined by comparing the reference quality factor value received in the negotiation step 540 with the measured quality factor value. However, in the case of a wireless power receiving device having a low reference quality factor value - For example, a specific wireless power receiving device may have a low reference quality factor value depending on the type, use, and characteristics of the wireless power receiving device. In this case, since there is no significant difference between the measured quality factor value and the reference quality factor value, it may be difficult to determine the presence of foreign substances. Therefore, it is necessary to further consider other determining factors or to determine the presence of foreign substances by using other methods.

In another embodiment, when an object is detected in the selection step 510, a quality factor value within a specific frequency region (ex operating frequency region) to determine whether the wireless power receiver wireless power receiver is disposed with foreign substances in the charging area can be measured In the coil of the wireless power transmitter, the inductance and/or the series resistance component in the coil may be reduced by environmental changes, and thus the resonance frequency of the coil of the wireless power transmitter may be changed (shifted). That is, the quality factor peak frequency, which is the frequency at which the maximum quality factor value within the operating frequency band is measured, may be moved.

In the ping step 520 , when an object is detected, the wireless power transmitter activates the receiver and transmits a digital ping to identify whether the detected object is a wireless power receiver. When the wireless power transmitter does not receive a response signal to the digital ping - for example, a signal strength packet - from the receiver in the ping step 520 , the wireless power transmitter may transition back to the selection step 510 . In addition, when the wireless power transmitter receives a signal indicating that the power transmission is complete from the receiver in the ping step 520 , that is, a charging complete packet, it may transition to the selection step 510 .

When the ping step 520 is completed, the wireless power transmitter may transition to the identification and configuration step 530 for identifying the receiver and collecting receiver configuration and state information.

In the identification and configuration step 530, the wireless power transmitter receives an unwanted packet (unexpected packet), or a desired packet is not received for a predefined time (time out), or there is a packet transmission error (transmission error), If a power transfer contract is not established (no power transfer contract), the transition may be performed to the selection step 510 .

The wireless power transmitter may determine whether it is necessary to enter the negotiation step 540 based on the negotiation field value of the configuration packet received in the identification and configuration step 530 . As a result of the check, if negotiation is necessary, the wireless power transmitter may enter a negotiation step 540 and perform a predetermined Foreign Object Detection (FOD) procedure. On the other hand, as a result of the check, when negotiation is not necessary, the wireless power transmitter may directly enter the power transmission step 560 . When the wireless power transmitter and the receiver support out-band communication such as BLE, the out-band communication module of the wireless power transmitter in the identification and configuration step 530 receives the ID or identification packet of the wireless power receiver, Sends and receives messages related to settings required for power transmission.

In the negotiation step 540 , the wireless power transmitter may receive a Foreign Object Detection (FOD) status packet including a reference quality factor value. Alternatively, the FOD status packet including the reference peak frequency value may be received. Alternatively, a status packet including a reference quality factor value and a reference peak frequency value may be received. In this case, the wireless power transmitter may determine a quality factor threshold for FOD based on the reference quality factor value. The wireless power transmitter may determine a peak frequency threshold for FOD based on a reference peak frequency value.

The wireless power transmitter may detect whether FO is present in the charging area using the quality factor threshold for the determined FOD and the currently measured quality factor value (the quality factor value measured before the ping step), and the power according to the FOD result You can control the transmission. For example, when the FO is detected, power transmission may be stopped, but is not limited thereto.

The wireless power transmitter can detect whether FO is present in the charging area using the peak frequency threshold for the determined FOD and the currently measured peak frequency value (the peak frequency value measured before the ping step), and the power according to the FOD result You can control the transmission. For example, when the FO is detected, power transmission may be stopped, but is not limited thereto.

When the FO is detected, the wireless power transmitter may return to the selection step 510 . On the other hand, when the FO is not detected, the wireless power transmitter may enter the power transfer step 560 through the correction step 550 . In detail, when the FO is not detected in the wireless power transmitter, the wireless power transmitter determines the strength of power received at the receiving end in the correction step 550, and the receiving end and the receiving end to determine the intensity of power transmitted from the transmitting end Power loss at the transmitter can be measured. That is, the wireless power transmitter may predict power loss based on the difference between the transmit power of the transmitter and the receive power of the receiver in the correction step 550 . The wireless power transmitter according to an embodiment may correct the threshold for FOD by reflecting the predicted power loss.

When the wireless power transmitter and the receiver support out-band communication such as BLE, in the calibration step 550, the in-band communication modules of the wireless power transmitter and the wireless power receiver provide information necessary for the foreign material detection algorithm according to the charging profile. can be exchanged for

In addition, when the wireless power transmitter and the receiver support out-band communication such as BLE, BLE communication connected to exchange and negotiate information related to wireless power transmission in the negotiation step 540 may be used. And when the exchange of information related to wireless power transmission through BLE during the negotiation step 540 is completed, the out-band communication module notifies the in-band communication module (or control circuit) of this and initiates power transmission to command the start of wireless power transmission ( start power transfer) message to the in-band communication module (or control circuit).

In the power transmission step 560, the wireless power transmitter receives an unwanted packet (unexpected packet), a desired packet is not received for a predefined time (time out), or a violation of a preset power transmission contract occurs Otherwise (power transfer contract violation) or when charging is completed, the process may shift to the selection step 510 .

Also, in the power transmission step 560 , the wireless power transmitter may transition to the renegotiation step 570 when it is necessary to reconfigure the power transmission contract according to a change in the state of the wireless power transmitter. At this time, when the renegotiation is normally completed, the wireless power transmitter may return to the power transmission step 560 .

Although the calibration step 550 and the power transmission step 560 are separated into separate steps in the present embodiment, the calibration step 550 may be integrated into the power transmission step 560 . In this case, the operations in the correction step 550 may be performed in the power transmission step 560 .

The power transmission contract may be established based on the state and characteristic information of the wireless power transmitter and the receiver. As an example, the wireless power transmitter state information may include information on the maximum transmittable power amount, information on the maximum allowable number of receivers, and the like, and the receiver state information may include information on required power and the like.

6 is a diagram illustrating a power control method according to an embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 6 , in the power transmission step, the wireless power transmitter 100 and the wireless power receiver 200 may control the amount of transmitted power by performing communication together with power transmission/reception. The wireless power transmitter and the wireless power receiver operate at a specific control point. The control point represents a combination of voltage and current provided from an output of the wireless power receiver when power transfer is performed.

In more detail, the wireless power receiver selects a desired control point - a desired output current/voltage, a temperature at a specific location of the mobile device, etc. - and additionally selects an actual control point currently operating point) is determined. The wireless power receiver may calculate a control error value using a desired control point and an actual control point, and transmit it to the wireless power transmitter as a control error packet.

In addition, the wireless power transmitter can control power transfer by setting/controlling a new operating point - amplitude, frequency, and duty cycle - using the received control error packet. Therefore, the control error packet is transmitted/received at regular time intervals in the power transmission step, and as an embodiment, the wireless power receiver sets the control error value to a negative number when trying to reduce the current of the wireless power transmitter, and a control error when trying to increase the current. It can be transmitted by setting the value to a positive number. As described above, in the induction mode, the wireless power receiver can control power transfer by transmitting a control error packet to the wireless power transmitter.

In the resonance mode, which will be described below, it may operate in a different manner than in the induction mode. In the resonance mode, one wireless power transmitter must be able to simultaneously serve a plurality of wireless power receivers. However, in the case of controlling power transmission as in the above-described induction mode, since the transmitted power is controlled by communication with one wireless power receiver, it may be difficult to control power transmission to additional wireless power receivers. Therefore, in the resonance mode of the present invention, the wireless power transmitter transmits basic power in common, and the wireless power receiver controls its own resonance frequency to control the amount of power it receives. However, even in this resonance mode operation, the method described with reference to FIG. 6 is not completely excluded, and additional transmission power control may be performed by the method of FIG. 6 .

7 is a block diagram of a wireless power transmitter according to another embodiment.

This may belong to a wireless power transmission system of a magnetic resonance method or a shared mode. The shared mode may refer to a mode in which one-to-many communication and charging are performed between the wireless power transmitter and the wireless power receiver. The shared mode may be implemented in a magnetic induction method or a resonance method.

Referring to FIG. 7 , the wireless power transmitter 700 includes a cover 720 covering the coil assembly, a power adapter 730 for supplying power to the power transmitter 740 , a power transmitter 740 for wirelessly transmitting power, or at least one of a user interface 750 providing power transfer progress and other related information. In particular, the user interface 750 may be optionally included or may be included as another user interface 750 of the wireless power transmitter 700 .

The power transmitter 740 may include at least one of a coil assembly 760 , an impedance matching circuit 770 , an inverter 780 , a communication circuit 790 , and a control circuit 710 .

The coil assembly 760 includes at least one primary coil that generates a magnetic field, and may be referred to as a coil cell.

The impedance matching circuit 770 may provide impedance matching between the inverter 780 and the primary coil(s). The impedance matching circuit 770 may generate a resonance at a suitable frequency to boost the primary coil current. The impedance matching circuitry in the multi-coil power transmitter 740 may further include a multiplex to route the signal from the inverter 780 to a subset of the primary coils. The impedance matching circuit 770 may be referred to as a tank circuit.

The impedance matching circuit 770 may include a capacitor, an inductor, and a switching element for switching a connection thereof. Impedance matching detects a reflected wave of wireless power transmitted through the coil assembly 760, and switches a switching element based on the detected reflected wave to adjust the connection state of the capacitor or the inductor, adjust the capacitance of the capacitor, or adjust the inductance of the inductor This can be done by adjusting In some cases, the impedance matching circuit 770 may be omitted, and the present specification includes an embodiment of the wireless power transmitter 700 in which the impedance matching circuit 770 is omitted.

For example, the impedance matching circuit 770 may be composed of a total of four inverters for power conversion for each coil, and receives a PWM signal from the control circuit 710 . The impedance matching circuit 770 is driven by passing a signal to the inverter through two 4-channel logic switches.

Inverter 780 may convert a DC input to an AC signal. Inverter 780 may be driven half-bridge or full-bridge to generate pulse waves of an adjustable frequency and duty cycle. The inverter may also include a plurality of stages to adjust the input voltage level.

The communication circuit 790 may communicate with the power receiver. The power receiver performs load modulation to communicate requests and information to the power transmitter. Accordingly, the power transmitter 740 may monitor the amplitude and/or phase of the current and/or voltage of the primary coil to demodulate data transmitted by the power receiver using the communication circuit 790 .

The communication circuit 790 may include any one or both of an in-band communication module and an out-band communication module. The communication circuit 790 is configured to search for a wireless power receiver or to transmit data to the wireless power receiver. Here, the communication circuit 790 may be configured to perform a procedure related to authentication of the wireless power receiver. Here, authentication includes Qi authentication. For example, the communication circuit 790 may receive authentication-related information from or transmit to the wireless power receiver.

In addition, the power transmitter 740 may control the output power to transmit data using a frequency shift keying (FSK) method or the like through the communication circuit 790 .

The control circuit 710 may control communication and power transmission of the power transmitter 740 . The control circuit 710 may control power transmission by adjusting the above-described operating point. The operating point may be determined by, for example, at least one of an operating frequency, a duty cycle, and an input voltage.

The communication circuit 790 and the control circuit 710 may be provided as separate circuits/devices/chipsets or as one circuit/device/chipset.

8 is a block diagram of an apparatus for receiving wireless power according to another embodiment.

This may belong to a wireless power transmission system of a magnetic resonance method or a shared mode.

In FIG. 8 , the wireless power receiver 800 includes a user interface 820 that provides power transfer progress and other related information, a power receiver 830 that receives wireless power, a load circuit 840 or a coil assembly. It may include at least one of the base 850 to support and cover. In particular, the user interface 820 may be optionally included or may be included as another user interface 82 of the power receiving equipment.

The power receiver 830 may include at least one of a power converter 860 , an impedance matching circuit 870 , a coil assembly 880 , a communication circuit 890 , and a control circuit 810 .

The power converter 860 may convert AC power received from the secondary coil into a voltage and current suitable for a load circuit. In an embodiment, the power converter 860 may include a rectifier. The rectifier may rectify the received wireless power and convert it from AC to DC. A rectifier may convert alternating current to direct current using a diode or a transistor, and smooth it using a capacitor and a resistor. As the rectifier, a full-wave rectifier, a half-wave rectifier, and a voltage multiplier implemented as a bridge circuit or the like may be used. Additionally, the power converter may adapt the reflected impedance of the power receiver.

The impedance matching circuit 870 may provide impedance matching between the combination of the power converter 860 and the load circuit 840 and the secondary coil. As an embodiment, the impedance matching circuit may generate a resonance near 100 kHz that may enhance power transfer. The impedance matching circuit 870 may include a capacitor, an inductor, and a switching element for switching a combination thereof. Impedance matching may be performed by controlling a switching element of a circuit constituting the impedance matching circuit 870 based on a voltage value, a current value, a power value, a frequency value, etc. of the received wireless power. Alternatively, the impedance matching circuit 870 may include a total of four inverters for power conversion for each coil, and receives a PWM signal from the control circuit 810 . Impedance matching circuit 870 is driven by passing a signal to the inverter through two 4-channel logic switches.

In some cases, the impedance matching circuit 870 may be omitted, and the present specification also includes an embodiment of the wireless power receiver 200 in which the impedance matching circuit 870 is omitted.

The coil assembly 880 includes at least one secondary coil, and may optionally further include an element for shielding a metal part of the receiver from a magnetic field.

Communication circuitry 890 may perform load modulation to communicate requests and other information to the power transmitter. To this end, the power receiver 830 may switch a resistor or a capacitor to change the reflected impedance.

The communication circuit 890 may include any one or both of an in-band communication module and an out-band communication module. The communication circuit 890 is configured to search for a wireless power transmitter or perform data transmission to the wireless power transmitter. Here, the communication circuit 890 may be configured to perform a procedure related to authentication of the wireless power transmitter. Here, authentication includes Qi authentication. For example, the communication circuit 890 may receive authentication-related information from or transmit to the wireless power transmitter.

The control circuit 810 may control the received power. To this end, the control circuit 810 may determine/calculate a difference between an actual operating point of the power receiver 830 and a desired operating point. In addition, the control circuit 810 may adjust/reduce the difference between the actual operating point and the desired operating point by adjusting the reflected impedance of the power transmitter and/or performing a request to adjust the operating point of the power transmitter. When this difference is minimized, optimal power reception can be performed. The control circuit 810 may be configured to perform a procedure related to authentication of the wireless power receiver. Here, authentication includes Qi authentication.

The communication circuit 890 and the control circuit 810 may be provided as separate devices/chipsets or as one device/chipset.

9 is a diagram illustrating a communication frame structure according to an embodiment.

This may be a communication frame structure in a shared mode.

Referring to FIG. 9 , in the shared mode, different types of frames may be used together. For example, in the shared mode, a slotted frame having a plurality of slots as shown in (A) and a free format frame having no specific shape as shown in (B) may be used. More specifically, the slot frame is a frame for transmitting short data packets from the wireless power receiver 200 to the wireless power transmitter 100, and the free format frame does not have a plurality of slots, so It may be a frame that can be transmitted.

Meanwhile, the slot frame and the free-form frame may be changed to various names by those skilled in the art. For example, a slot frame may be changed to a channel frame, a free-form frame may be changed to a message frame, and the like.

More specifically, the slot frame may include a sync pattern indicating the start of a slot, a measurement slot, nine slots, and an additional sync pattern having the same time interval prior to each of the nine slots.

Here, the additional sync pattern is a sync pattern different from the sync pattern indicating the start of the frame described above. More specifically, the additional sync pattern may not indicate the start of a frame, but may indicate information related to adjacent slots (ie, two consecutive slots positioned on either side of the sync pattern).

A sync pattern may be positioned between two consecutive slots among the nine slots. In this case, the sync pattern may provide information related to the two consecutive slots.

Also, the nine slots and the sync patterns provided prior to each of the nine slots may have the same time interval. For example, the 9 slots may have a time interval of 50 ms. Also, the nine sync patterns may have a time length of 50 ms.

Meanwhile, a free-form frame as shown in (B) may not have a specific shape other than a sync pattern and a measurement slot indicating the start of the frame. That is, the free-form frame is for performing a role different from that of the slot frame, for example, long data packets (eg, additional owner information packets) between the wireless power transmitter and the wireless power receiver. In a wireless power transmitter configured with a plurality of coils or to perform communication, it may be used for a role of selecting any one coil from among a plurality of coils.

Hereinafter, a sync pattern included in each frame will be described in more detail with drawings.

10 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a sync pattern according to an exemplary embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 10 , the sync pattern consists of a preamble, a start bit, a response field, a type field, an info field, and a parity bit. can be In FIG. 10, the start bit is shown as ZERO.

More specifically, the preamble consists of consecutive bits, all of which may be set to 0. That is, the preamble may be bits for matching the time length of the sync pattern.

The number of bits constituting the preamble may depend on the operating frequency so that the length of the sync pattern is closest to 50 ms, but within a range that does not exceed 50 ms. For example, when the operating frequency is 100 kHz, the sync pattern may be composed of two preamble bits, and when the operating frequency is 105 kHz, the sync pattern may be composed of three preamble bits.

The start bit is a bit following the preamble and may mean ZERO. The zero may be a bit indicating the type of the sync pattern. Here, the types of sync patterns may include frame sync including frame-related information and slot sync including slot information. That is, the sync pattern is located between consecutive frames and is a frame sync indicating the start of a frame, or is located between consecutive slots among a plurality of slots constituting a frame, and includes information related to the consecutive slots. It may be a slot sink including

For example, when the zero is 0, it means that the corresponding slot is slot sync located between the slots, and when it is 1, it can mean that the corresponding sync pattern is frame sync located between the frames.

The parity bit is the last bit of the sync pattern and may indicate information on the number of bits constituting the data fields (ie, the response field, the type field, and the information field) of the sync pattern. For example, the previous parity bit may be 1 when the number of bits constituting the data fields of the sync pattern is an even number, and 0 in other cases (ie, an odd number).

The response field may include response information of the wireless power transmitter for communication with the wireless power receiver in a slot before the sync pattern. For example, the response field may have '00' when communication with the wireless power receiver is not detected. Also, the response field may have '01' when a communication error is detected in communication with the wireless power receiver. The communication error may be a case in which two or more wireless power receivers attempt to access one slot, and a collision between the two or more wireless power receivers occurs.

Also, the response field may include information indicating whether a data packet has been correctly received from the wireless power receiver. More specifically, the response field is "10" (10-not acknowledge, NAK) when the wireless power transmitter rejects the data packet, and when the wireless power transmitter confirms the data packet , "11" (11-acknowledge, ACK).

The type field may indicate the type of the sync pattern. More specifically, when the sync pattern is the first sync pattern of the frame (ie, the first sync pattern of the frame and located before the measurement slot), the type field may have '1' indicating frame sync.

Also, in the slot frame, when the sync pattern is not the first sync pattern of the frame, the type field may have '0' indicating slot sync.

Also, the meaning of the value of the information field may be determined according to the type of the sync pattern indicated by the type field. For example, when the type field is 1 (ie, indicating frame sync), the meaning of the information field may indicate the type of frame. That is, the information field may indicate whether the current frame is a slotted frame or a free-format frame. For example, when the information field is '00', it may indicate a slot frame, and when the information field is '01', it may indicate a free-form frame.

Contrary to this, when the type field is 0 (ie, slot sync), the information field may indicate the state of the next slot located after the sync pattern. More specifically, the information field is '00' when the next slot is a slot allocated to a specific wireless power receiver, and is a locked slot for temporary use by a specific wireless power receiver, '01' or '10' when any wireless power receiver is a freely usable slot.

11 is a diagram for explaining operating states of a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver in a shared mode according to an embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 11 , the wireless power receiver operating in the shared mode includes a selection phase 1100 , an introduction phase 1110 , a configuration phase 1120 , and a negotiation state. It may operate in any one of a Negotiation Phase 1130 and a Power Transfer Phase 1140 .

First, the wireless power transmitter according to an embodiment may transmit a wireless power signal to detect the wireless power receiver. That is, the process of detecting the wireless power receiver using the wireless power signal may be referred to as analog ping.

Meanwhile, the wireless power receiver receiving the wireless power signal may enter the selection state 1100 . As described above, the wireless power receiver entering the selection state 1100 may detect the presence of an FSK signal on the wireless power signal.

That is, the wireless power receiver may perform communication in either the exclusive mode or the shared mode according to the presence of the FSK signal.

More specifically, if the wireless power signal includes the FSK signal, the wireless power receiver may operate in the shared mode, otherwise, it may operate in the exclusive mode.

When the wireless power receiver operates in the shared mode, the wireless power receiver may enter the introduction state 1110 . In the introduction state 1110, the wireless power receiver may transmit a control information packet to the wireless power transmitter in order to transmit a control information packet (CI) in the setting state, the negotiation state, and the power transmission state. there is. The control information packet may have a header and control-related information. For example, the control information packet may have a header of 0X53.

In the introduction state 1110, the wireless power receiver attempts to request a free slot to transmit a control information (CI) packet through the following configuration, negotiation, and power transmission steps. At this time, the wireless power receiver selects a free slot and transmits the first CI packet. If the wireless power transmitter responds with ACK to the CI packet, the wireless power transmitter enters the configuration phase. If the wireless power transmitter responds with NACK, another wireless power receiver is in the process of configuring and negotiating. In this case, the wireless power receiver retryes the request for a free slot.

If the wireless power receiver receives the ACK in response to the CI packet, the wireless power receiver determines the position of a private slot in the frame by counting the remaining slot sinks up to the first frame sync. In all subsequent slot-based frames, the wireless power receiver transmits the CI packet through the corresponding slot.

If the wireless power transmitter allows the wireless power receiver to proceed to the configuration step, the wireless power transmitter provides a series of locked slots for exclusive use of the wireless power receiver. This ensures that the wireless power receiver proceeds through the configuration phase without conflicts.

The wireless power receiver transmits sequences of data packets such as two identification data packets (IDHI and IDLO) using a lock slot. Upon completion of this step, the wireless power receiver enters the negotiation phase. In the negotiation phase, the wireless power transmitter continues to provide a lock slot for exclusive use to the wireless power receiver. This ensures that the wireless power receiver proceeds with the negotiation phase without collision.

The wireless power receiver transmits one or more negotiation data packets using the corresponding lock slot, which may be mixed with private data packets. Eventually, the sequence ends with a specific request (SRQ) packet. Upon completion of the sequence, the wireless power receiver enters a power transmission phase, and the wireless power transmitter stops providing the lock slot.

In the power transmission state, the wireless power receiver transmits the CI packet using the allocated slot and receives power. The wireless power receiver may include a regulator circuit. The regulator circuit may be included in the communication/control circuit. The wireless power receiver may self-regulate the reflected impedance of the wireless power receiver through a regulator circuit. In other words, the wireless power receiver may adjust the impedance reflected in order to transmit the amount of power required by the external load. This can prevent excessive power reception and overheating.

In the shared mode, since the wireless power transmitter may not perform power adjustment in response to the received CI packet (according to the operation mode), in this case, control to prevent an overvoltage condition may be required.

Hereinafter, a switching operation between in-band communication and out-band communication is referred to as handover. In particular, the operation in which the wireless power transmitter and the wireless power receiver switch from in-band communication to out-band communication is called handover to out-band, and the conversion from out-band communication to in-band communication is called handover to out-band. The operation is called handover to in-band. Out-band communication may include, for example, Bluetooth or Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), or NFC. The handover connection procedure may include a procedure for establishing an out-band communication connection when the out-band communication (i.e. BLE) module receives a handover message from the in-band communication module. Here, the handover message may be a message instructing the in-band communication module (or control unit) to initiate a wireless connection for exchanging information related to wireless power transmission to the out-band communication module.

In order for out-band communication to be applied to a wireless power transmission system, it needs to be modified according to the unique characteristics of the wireless power transmission system. For example, the characteristics of the information exchanged between the wireless power transmitter and the wireless power receiver (ex. whether it is urgent information, whether the content is transmitted only when the status is changed, whether large-capacity information needs to be exchanged in a short time, etc.) In consideration of this, message types, formats, and procedures according to the existing out-band communication should be redesigned. Various applications of wireless power can be supported by defining, as an out-band communication protocol, procedures for setting information, control information, management information, and their exchange related to wireless power transmission as described above.

Hereinafter, in the present specification, out-band communication will be specifically described as BLE by way of example. However, in the embodiments described based on BLE, it is apparent to those skilled in the art that embodiments in which BLE is replaced with other out-band communication also fall within the technical spirit of the present invention.

12 and 13 , PTU means a power transfer circuit, and PRU means a power receiving circuit. The information transmission method in FIGS. 12 and 13 may be a method according to Alliance for Wireless Power (A4WP) or AFA standard technology.

12 is a flowchart illustrating a method of exchanging wireless charging-related information in an out-band or in-band by a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver according to an embodiment.

First, referring to FIG. 12 , when the power of the PTU is turned on, the PTU enters a power save state through a configuration state, which is an initial setting stage.

In the power save state, the PTU transmits a power beacon to the PRU (S1200). The power save state is maintained until the PTU receives an advertisement from the PRU.

When the power of the PRU is turned on and booted, the PRU sends a PRU advertisement (S1210). Upon receiving the PRU advertisement, the PTU enters a low power state.

When the BLE module of the PTU receives an advertisement packet (ADV) for discovery from the BLE module of the PRU in the low power state (S1220), a connection request to the PRU to establish a BLE connection with the PRU ( Connect request) is transmitted (S1230).

In a state where BLE communication between the PTU and the PRU is possible, the PTU reads the PRU static parameters of the PRU through a read request and a read response message (S1240, S1250). Here, the PRU static parameter includes state information of the PRU.

In addition, the PTU transmits PTU static parameter information containing its own capabilities (Capabilities) information to the PRU through a write request message (S1260).

After exchanging the static parameter information, the PTU periodically receives PRU dynamic parameter information measured by the PRU through a read request and a read response (S1270, S1280). Here, the PRU dynamic parameters include voltage information, current information, temperature information, and the like.

When the PTU notifies the PRU to charge the PRU or controls permission of the PRU, the PRU may perform PRU control using a write request (S1290).

13 is a flowchart illustrating a method in which a wireless power receiver notifies an error to a wireless power transmitter according to an embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 13 , the PTU may control the PTU through a write request in the power transmission state (S1300). In addition, PRU dynamic parameters may be received from the PRU through the read request message and the read response message (S1310 to S1340). The PTU may acquire the PRU dynamic parameters at a period of 250 ms.

If this operation is repeated and the PRU detects an error such as over voltage protection (OVP), the PTU transmits a PRU Alert to the PTU through an indication message (S1350). When the PTU receives an indication message including a PRU warning, it enters a Latch Fault state.

14 is a diagram illustrating a situation in which a wireless power transmitter provides a power transmission service to a plurality of wireless power receivers.

As shown in FIG. 14 , a wireless power transmitter including a multi-coil may be connected to a plurality of wireless power receivers using a BLE module as an out-band communication module.

15 is a diagram illustrating an operation of a Bluetooth communication device.

Meanwhile, referring to FIG. 15 , in the Bluetooth communication standard, an advertiser role that periodically broadcasts an advertising packet including device information (ie MAC address, device name, identifier, etc.) Role) is defined. Also, in the Bluetooth communication standard, the role of a scanner that searches for nearby advertiser devices is defined.

Before Bluetooth connection, the advertiser transmits an advertising packet to the scanner through the advertising channel, and after Bluetooth connection, the advertiser device plays a slave role. The device that was performing the scanner role plays the role of an initiator during Bluetooth connection, and then plays the master role after Bluetooth connection connection. Slave and master exchange data through data channels.

The wireless power transmitter may be connected to a plurality of wireless power receivers using a BLE module as an out-band communication module. In this case, the wireless power transmitter operates as a scanner and then operates as a master after being connected to the wireless power receiver to manage the wireless power receiver. Alternatively, the wireless power transmitter may operate as an advertiser and, after being connected to the wireless power receiver, operate as a slave to communicate with the wireless power receivers.

Hereinafter, a BLE connection used in wireless power transmission will be described.

In wireless power transmission, the following information can be transmitted and received for BLE connection between the wireless power transmitter and the wireless power receiver.

1. Check OOB (Out of Band) Flag: Configuration packet of wireless power receiver

- It is transmitted and received in the previous salpin configuration phase, and whether the wireless power receiver supports OOB or not is transmitted to the wireless power transmitter

2. OOB (Out of Band) Flag check: capability packet of wireless power transmitter

- It is transmitted and received in the salpin and negotiation phase, and whether the wireless power transmitter supports OOB is transmitted to the wireless power receiver

3. Wireless power receiver BLE address packet

- It is transmitted and received in the salpin, negotiation phase, and the BLE address of the wireless power receiver is transmitted to the wireless power transmitter as In-Band (IB).

4. Wireless power transmitter BLE address packet

- It is transmitted and received in the salpin, negotiation phase, and the BLE address of the wireless power transmitter is transmitted to the wireless power receiver as In-Band (IB).

5. SRQ (Specific Request)/Communication Packet

- It is transmitted and received in the previous salpin, negotiation phase, and transmitted about OOB and In-Bnad communication methods

There are four main communication modes in the BLE connection used in wireless power transmission.

- Mode 0: It communicates between the wireless power transmitter and the wireless power receiver in IB (In-band) regardless of BLE.

- Mode 1: Power control packet related to wireless charging proceeds with IB, and data related packet (ex. Authentication) communicates with BLE.

- Mode 2: All packets in Mode 0, such as wireless charging and data, communicate with BLE, and periodically use IB to check the status of wireless charging and communication between devices using BLE to prevent cross connection.

- Mode 3: All packets such as wireless charging and data are processed through BLE, and IB communication is not used.

In addition, the connection modes may be related to a BLE security mode, and the BLE security mode may be set as follows according to the connection mode.

That is, in Mode 1, a security mode may be set according to transmitted data. When security of transmitted data is required, high security mode is set, and when security is not required, low security mode is set.

In addition, Modes 2 and 3 may be set to a high security mode to prevent H/W malfunction due to hacking of the power control packet.

Accordingly, Communication Mode 1 may be set to security mode 1 and security mode 4, and Communication mode 2 and Communication mode 3 may be set to security mode 4.

Here, security mode 1 is 'No-secure mode', security mode 2 is 'service level security mode', security mode 3 is 'link-level security mode', and security mode 4 is 'simple secure pairing mode' can

Fast Resume Functionality

In some scenarios, the user may temporarily remove the device from the wireless power transmitter while power transfer is in progress. As an example, there may be a case in which the user lifts the wireless device from the interface surface or accidentally pushes the wireless charging device away from the wireless power transmitter (or Power Transmitter).

Power transfer stops when the device is removed, but users generally expect the device to continue when it is put back in its proper place on the wireless power transmitter.

The quick resume function can quickly reset previously executed charging conditions in case of interruption for a short period of time. A short removal may result in power loss on the power receiver side and loss of all settings related to power transfer. The quick resume feature consists of three parts:

1. The wireless power receiver stores power settings in the wireless power transmitter.

2. After power transmission is stopped, the power transmission condition can be restored by transmitting power settings from the storage of the wireless power transmitter to the wireless power receiver.

3. The restored power setting is reset by the wireless power receiver when the wireless power transmitter requests the wireless power transmitter to enter the power transmission stage.

Preparing fast-resume functionality

The wireless power receiver stores power transmission related information in the wireless power transmitter using the TIME / prm message as shown in FIG. 16 . The wireless power receiver determines data to be stored. In addition, the wireless power receiver uses the TIME / rsm message to notify the wireless power transmitter of the period during which this information is valid after the device is removed. Typically, this procedure takes a few seconds or tens of seconds. When the wireless power transmitter confirms both messages, all relevant information about the fast resume function of the wireless power receiver is stored remotely.

16 shows an example of a flowchart for preparing a quick resume function.

Restoring previous settings and activation

When the wireless power receiver is removed from the interface surface, the wireless power transmitter detects it and moves to the IDLE stage. When an object is detected, the wireless power transmitter starts in an activated state. The wireless power transmitter compares the UID of the activated object with the stored UID of the wireless power receiver to confirm whether the detected object is a previously operated wireless power receiver. If the UIDs are the same, the detected object corresponds to the same wireless power receiver that has just been removed.

In the connection step, the wireless power receiver may transmit an RQST / TIME message to the wireless power transmitter to request to transmit stored information about power transmission. The wireless power transmitter accepts this request when the UID is the same and the wireless power transmitter detects the wireless power receiver within the maximum time set by the wireless power receiver. The wireless power transmitter transmits the stored information using the TIME / prm message. The wireless power receiver uses the RESP / x message to check the received message.

The wireless power transmitter rejects the RQST / TIME message if it is not the same wireless power receiver, the time defined by the wireless power receiver has elapsed, or the wireless power receiver has not previously saved data.

In other cases, the quick resume function fails and is not activated. In particular, it applies in the following cases:

- When the wireless power receiver is not the previous wireless power receiver. That is, when UIDs do not match.

- When the time-out value defined by the wireless power receiver has elapsed.

- When other events that prevent the wireless power transmitter from transmitting stored data occur.

In all these cases, the wireless power transmitter uses a predefined general operation step to operate the wireless power receiver.

Fast Power Level Control

A wireless power receiver can have multiple loads or power levels that operate, but switching between different power levels may cause undervoltage/overvoltage on the wireless power receiver side. In order to prevent undervoltage/overvoltage due to load/power mode change, the wireless power receiver may request the wireless power transmitter to store and recall power control settings related to a specific power level. The FPLC message type allows wireless power receivers to quickly switch between power levels.

For reference, the coupling between the wireless power receiver and the wireless power transmitter may be changed during wireless power transmission, and maintaining the latest power control settings for a specific power level on the wireless power transmitter side is the share

Storage of Power Level

When the wireless power receiver intends to store the current power level, it transmits an FPLC/sv message including PL_ID as shown in FIG. 17 . If the wireless power transmitter accepts the request, it saves the current power transfer level setting, connects to the received PL_ID, and responds with a RESP / x (x = ok) message. Otherwise, the wireless power transmitter cannot store the current power level setting under the received PL_ID, and responds with a RESP / x (x = nok) message. When the wireless power transmitter returns to the IDLE stage, all stored power level settings are deleted.

17 shows a flowchart for storing power control settings.

Recall of power level

When the wireless power receiver intends to change to the previously stored power level, it transmits an FPLC/rs request message including the relevant PL_ID as shown in FIG. 22 . The wireless power transmitter responds with a RESP / x message. If the wireless power transmitter accepts the request (x = ok), it applies the requested power level as soon as the communication slot ends, and provides this power level until the next power level change request is received or an error occurs. Otherwise, the wireless power transmitter responds with a denial (x = nok) and continues to provide the actual power level.

18 shows a flowchart for recalling power control settings.

Hereinafter, a structure of fast resume and power control using BLE OOB will be described in more detail.

As mentioned above, the quick resume function acquires information such as the UD, connection settings, and power settings of the wireless power receiver that were stored between the wireless power transmitter and the wireless power receiver during the previous connection when reconnecting between the devices. Supports power control. This may be applied when the wireless power receiver is suddenly moved out of the wireless charging range due to external factors such as an external physical shock and the wireless charging is stopped, then moved back into the wireless charging range and reconnection or recharging is required.

The flow of messages transmitted and received between the wireless power transmitter (eg, master) and the wireless power receiver (eg, slave) for quick resumption will be described in detail. Each of the wireless power transmitter and the wireless power receiver includes a BLE module and a Qi module. Message transmission/reception related to wireless charging is transmitted/received through the Qi module, and message transmission/reception related to BLE is transmitted/received through the BLE module. Here, the BLE module and the Qi module may be included in the communication unit or the processor.

First, the Qi module of the wireless power transmitter performs the above salpin (1) ping procedure, (2) setup procedure, and (3) negotiation procedure with the Qi module of the wireless power receiver. And, the BLE module of the wireless power receiver transmits a BLE advertisement message to the BLE module of the wireless power transmitter through three channels. Then, the BLE module of the wireless power transmitter transmits a connection request message to the BLE module of the wireless power receiver. Thereafter, a BLE connection is established between the wireless power transmitter and the wireless power receiver. Thereafter, the wireless power transmitter and the wireless power receiver perform wireless power transmission authentication through the BLE module. Thereafter, the wireless power transmitter transmits wireless power to the wireless power receiver. In addition, the wireless power transmitter and the wireless power receiver perform power control through the BLE module. Thereafter, the wireless power receiver transmits a fast resume enable message to the wireless power transmitter through the BLE module. The quick resume possible message may include a wireless power transmitter UUID. Thereafter, the wireless power transmitter sets the quick resume, and transmits a quick resume possible confirmation message to the wireless power receiver through the BLE module. Thereafter, it is assumed that the BLE connection between the wireless power transmitter and the wireless power receiver is disconnected and the wireless power transmission is finished. Thereafter, for reconnection between the wireless power transmitter and the wireless power receiver, the wireless power transmitter and the wireless power receiver may perform wireless power only through the ping step and the setting step through the Qi module (that is, the negotiation step) does not perform).

That is, by transmitting and receiving parameters for reconnection through the previously salpin quick resumption procedure (quick resumption possible / quick resumable confirmation), it is possible to set up fast wireless charging without performing a negotiation step during reconnection. Additionally, in relation to quick resume, the wireless power transmitter and the wireless power receiver set the quick resume timeout (the wireless power receiver sets the maximum allowable timeout for quick resume supported by the wireless power transmitter) message quick resume It is possible to send and receive a timeout confirmation message (confirming the completion of setting the maximum allowable time for quick resume supported by the wireless power transmitter).

Fast Power Level Control is about Caching/Restore Power Level. The wireless power receiver can set multiple power levels, and the power level can be changed according to negotiation with the wireless power transmitter. In order for the wireless power receiver to prevent under voltage or over voltage due to changes in load and power mode, the wireless power receiver may store a preset Power Level setting in the wireless power transmitter and request restoration as necessary.

The flow of messages transmitted and received between a wireless power transmitter (eg, master) and a wireless power receiver (eg, slave) for fast power level control will be described in detail. Each of the wireless power transmitter and the wireless power receiver includes a BLE module and a Qi module. Message transmission/reception related to wireless charging is transmitted/received through the Qi module, and message transmission/reception related to BLE is transmitted/received through the BLE module. Here, the BLE module and the Qi module may be included in the communication unit or the processor.

First, the Qi module of the wireless power transmitter performs the above salpin (1) ping procedure, (2) setup procedure, and (3) negotiation procedure with the Qi module of the wireless power receiver. In addition, the BLE module of the wireless power receiver transmits a BLE advertisement message to the BLE module of the wireless power transmitter through three channels. Then, the BLE module of the wireless power transmitter transmits a connection request message to the BLE module of the wireless power receiver. Thereafter, a BLE connection is established between the wireless power transmitter and the wireless power receiver. Thereafter, the wireless power transmitter and the wireless power receiver perform wireless power transmission authentication through the BLE module. Thereafter, the wireless power transmitter transmits wireless power to the wireless power receiver. In addition, the wireless power transmitter and the wireless power receiver perform power control through the BLE module. Thereafter, the wireless power receiver transmits a caching power level request message to the wireless power transmitter through the BLE module. The caching power level request message may include a parameter related to a power level. Thereafter, the wireless power transmitter transmits a caching power level confirmation message to the wireless power receiver through the BLE module. Thereafter, the wireless power receiver may transmit a recovery power level request message to the wireless power transmitter through the BLE module and receive a recovery power level confirmation message from the wireless power transmitter through the BLE module.

As used herein, the term “unit” (eg, a control unit, etc.) may mean, for example, a unit including one or a combination of two or more of hardware, software, or firmware. The term “unit” may be used interchangeably with terms such as, for example, unit, logic, logical block, component, or circuit. A “part” may be a minimum unit of an integrally formed part or a part thereof. A “unit” may be a minimum unit or a part of performing one or more functions. “Part” may be implemented mechanically or electronically. For example, a “unit” may include one of an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) chip, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) or programmable-logic device that performs certain operations, known or to be developed in the future. It may include at least one.

At least a portion of an apparatus (eg, modules or functions thereof) or a method (eg, operations) according to various embodiments is, for example, a computer-readable storage medium in the form of a program module It can be implemented as a command stored in . When the instruction is executed by a processor, the one or more processors may perform a function corresponding to the instruction. The computer-readable storage medium may be, for example, a memory.

Computer-readable storage media/computer-readable recording media include hard disks, floppy disks, magnetic media (eg, magnetic tape), and optical media (eg, compact CD-ROMs). disc read only memory), digital versatile disc (DVD), magneto-optical media (such as floppy disk), hardware devices (such as read only memory (ROM), random access memory), or flash memory, etc.) In addition, program instructions may include high-level language code that can be executed by a computer using an interpreter as well as machine code such as generated by a compiler. The hardware devices described above may be configured to operate as one or more software modules to perform the operations of the various embodiments, and vice versa.

A module or program module according to various embodiments may include at least one or more of the above-described components, some may be omitted, or may further include additional other components. Operations performed by a module, a program module, or other components according to various embodiments may be executed sequentially, in parallel, iteratively, or in a heuristic method. Also, some operations may be executed in a different order, omitted, or other operations may be added.

As used herein, the term “a” is defined as one or more than one. Also, use of introductory phrases such as “at least one” and “one or more” in a claim includes introductory phrases such as “at least one” and “one or more” and an obscure phrase such as “a” in the same claim. Even if there is, the introduction of another claim element by the ambiguous phrase "a" shall be construed to mean to limit any particular claim containing the claim element so introduced, to an invention containing only one such element. shouldn't be

Unless otherwise specified, terms such as “first” and “second” are used to arbitrarily distinguish between the elements described by such terms. Accordingly, these terms are not necessarily intended to indicate a temporal or other priority of such elements, and the mere fact that certain measures are recited in different claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage. . Accordingly, these terms are not necessarily intended to indicate the temporal or other priorities of such elements. The mere fact that certain measures are cited in different claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be useful.

The arrangement of components to achieve the same function is effectively “related” such that the desired function is achieved. Thus, any two components combined to achieve a particular functionality may be considered "related" to each other so that the desired function is achieved, regardless of structure or intervening component. Likewise, two components thus associated may be considered “operably connected” or “operably coupled” to each other to achieve a desired function.

Also, those skilled in the art will recognize that the boundaries between the functionality of the operations described above are illustrative only. A plurality of operations may be combined into a single operation, the single operation may be distributed into additional operations, and the operations may be executed at least partially overlapping in time. Also, alternative embodiments may include multiple instances of a particular operation, and the order of operations may be changed in various other embodiments. However, other modifications, variations and alternatives are also possible. Accordingly, the detailed description and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.

The phrase “may be X” indicates that condition X may be satisfied. This phrase also indicates that condition X may not be met. For example, a reference to a system that includes a specific component should also include scenarios in which the system does not include the specific component. For example, a reference to a method that includes a particular action must also include a scenario in which the method does not include the particular component. As another example, however, references to a system configured to perform a specific action should also include scenarios in which the system is not configured to perform a specific action.

The terms “comprising,” “having,” “consisting of,” “consisting of, and “consisting essentially of are used interchangeably. For example, any method may include at least the acts contained in the drawings and/or the specification, and may include only the acts contained in the drawings and/or the specification.

One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize that the boundaries between logical blocks are exemplary only, and that alternative embodiments may incorporate logical blocks or circuit elements or impose an alternative decomposition of functionality on the various logical blocks or circuit elements. will recognize that Accordingly, it should be understood that the architecture shown herein is exemplary only, and in fact, many other architectures may be implemented that achieve the same functionality.

Also, for example, in one embodiment, the illustrated examples may be implemented as circuitry located on a single integrated circuit or within the same device. Alternatively, the above examples may be implemented as any number of individual integrated circuits or individual devices interconnected to each other in any suitable manner, and other variations, modifications, variations and alternatives are also possible. Accordingly, the specification and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.

Also, for example, the examples or portions thereof may be implemented as a software or code representation of a physical circuit or a logical representation convertible into a physical circuit, such as any suitable type of hardware description language.

Further, although this disclosure is not limited to physical devices or units implemented in non-programmable hardware, mainframes, mini computers, servers, workstations, personal computers, notepads, generally referred to herein as 'computer systems' , personal digital assistants (PDAs), electronic games, automobiles and other embedded systems, cell phones, and various other wireless devices, such as programmable devices capable of performing desired device functions by operating in accordance with appropriate program code. Alternatively, it may be applied to units as well.

A system, apparatus, or device referred to in this specification includes at least one hardware component.

Connections as described herein may be any type of connection suitable for transmitting a signal to or from each node, unit or apparatus, for example via an intermediate apparatus. Thus, unless implied or otherwise stated, a connection may be, for example, a direct connection or an indirect connection. A connection may be described or depicted with reference to being a single connection, multiple connections, one-way connection, or two-way connection. However, different embodiments may change the implementation of the connection. For example, a separate one-way connection can be used rather than a two-way connection, and vice versa. In addition, a plurality of connections may be replaced with a single connection that transmits a plurality of signals sequentially or in a time multiplexing manner. Likewise, a single connection carrying multiple signals may be split into various connections carrying subsets of these signals. Therefore, many options exist for transmitting the signal.

One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize that the boundaries between logical blocks are exemplary only, and that alternative embodiments may incorporate logical blocks or circuit elements or impose an alternative decomposition of functionality on the various logical blocks or circuit elements. will recognize that Accordingly, it should be understood that the architecture shown herein is exemplary only, and in fact, many other architectures may be implemented that achieve the same functionality.

In the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim. The word 'comprising' does not exclude the presence of elements or acts listed in a claim.

In the above, preferred embodiments of the technology of the present specification have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Here, the terms or words used in the present specification and claims should not be construed as being limited to conventional or dictionary meanings, but should be interpreted as meanings and concepts consistent with the technical spirit of the present specification. The scope of the present specification is not limited to the embodiments disclosed herein, and the present specification may be modified, changed, or improved in various forms within the scope of the spirit and claims of the present specification.

Claims (1)

A wireless power receiver comprising:
Receives wireless power from the wireless power transmitter by magnetic coupling with a wireless power transmitter having a primary coil at an operating frequency, and converts an AC signal generated by the wireless power into a DC signal a power pick-up circuit configured to convert;
Perform in-band communication with the wireless power transmitter using the operating frequency, and perform out-band communication with the wireless power transmitter or other device using a frequency different from the operating frequency a communication circuit configured to do so; and
and a control circuit configured to control an overall operation of the wireless power receiver.

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