KR20210135158A - Mxene layer coated hydrophilic fiber membrane based electrokineticic power generator and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

Embodiments of the present invention relate to a new-concept composite power generator and a manufacturing method thereof, capable of performing high-efficiency power generation by applying a polar solution to the composite power generator including a hydrophilic fiber membrane coated with an MXene layer. In detail, an apparatus for generating electrical energy based on a hydrophilic fiber membrane coated with an MXene layer forms the MXene layer by uniformly applying MXene particles to a fiber strand surface of the hydrophilic fiber membrane through a dipping process. The polar solution is dropped only on a region where one of two electrodes connected to the hydrophilic fiber membrane coated with the MXene layer is connected so as to generate the electrical energy by using a potential difference formed by asymmetric wetting of a solvent. The hydrophilic fiber membrane having a large surface area and high polar solvent absorption allows the MXene particles to be applied over an area as wide as possible and absorbs a polar solvent for a long time, so that an electric double layer and a potential difference between the polar solvent and the MXene particles are efficiently formed for a long time. In particular, the electrical energy is generated for 1 hour or more only by dropping a small amount (0.25 ml) of the polar solvent on a surface of the apparatus for generating the electrical energy based on the hydrophilic fiber membrane coated with the MXene layer. The apparatus for generating the electrical energy based on the hydrophilic fiber membrane coated with the MXene layer increases a voltage and a current in forms of stacking, series, or parallel. A DC power generated in the above process is stored in a super capacitor and used in a high-power electronic device.

Description

MXENE LAYER COATED HYDROPHILIC FIBER MEMBRANE BASED ELECTROKINETICIC POWER GENERATOR AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF

Embodiments of the present invention relate to a high-efficiency composite generator using a hydrophilic fiber membrane coated with a maxine (MXene, hereinafter 'MXene') layer and a method for manufacturing the same. The composite generator forms a potential difference using an electrical double layer formed in a process in which a polar solution is adsorbed on the surface of MXene, and generates electrical energy using this. Specifically, a potential difference is formed between the two electrodes using the asymmetric solvent wetting formed by dropping the polar solution only on the region where one of the two electrodes is connected to the hydrophilic fiber membrane coated with the MXene layer, and the solvent is A current is generated through the diffusion process to the dry side of the membrane. A hydrophilic fiber membrane-based composite generator coated with an MXene layer to which a polar solution is applied is manufactured through a dipping process, and MXene particles are uniformly applied to the fiber strand surface of the hydrophilic fiber membrane to form an MXene layer. The hydrophilic fibrous membrane with a large surface area and high polar solution absorption power allows the MXene particles to be applied over a wide area and absorbs the polar solution well, maintaining the electric double layer and potential difference formed by the polar solution and the MXene particles well. It is a board that can The composite generator manufactured using high-conductivity MXene reduces the resistance loss that occurs during energy generation, enabling high-efficiency power generation.

Energy generating devices provide electrical energy using environmentally-friendly abundant materials or energy such as water, air, and the sun, which can be easily obtained around us. The energy obtained in this way is being combined with electronic devices based on sensor networks and wireless data transmission and reception technology to improve the quality of life.

Representative examples of energy generating devices include piezoelectric, which generates a potential difference due to structural deformation by mechanical pressure, triboelectric, which generates a potential difference due to electrostatic charge generated by mechanical friction, and a potential difference that generates a potential difference by the flow of heat. thermoelectric, and the like. Each of the energy generating devices has the advantage of being able to generate a high voltage and high power of several tens of μW to mW. In particular, piezoelectric and triboelectric energy generating devices are attracting a lot of attention because they can convert the movement of a human body into electrical energy and thus can be applied to wearable energy generating devices.

However, already developed energy generating devices have some obvious disadvantages. First, electrical energy is obtained in the form of high frequency alternating current (AC) voltage and current by each energy generation principle. In the case of a piezoelectric or triboelectric energy generating device in which electrical energy is generated by mechanical deformation and friction, a voltage difference is instantaneously formed only when mechanical deformation and friction are applied. When the applied mechanical action is removed, the voltage difference is re-established in the opposite direction, so that the electrical energy takes the form of a high-frequency alternating current. High-frequency alternating current electrical energy cannot be directly connected to an electronic device to drive the electronic device. Accordingly, the piezoelectric and triboelectric energy generating device has a disadvantage that a separate rectifier circuit and an energy storage device must always be accompanied to use the energy generated by the energy generating device.

Another problem is that repeated mechanical deformation, friction, and heat flow damage or deform the core materials and materials of the energy generating device, so that the energy generating efficiency of the energy generating device continuously decreases. In addition, materials used in energy generating devices are based on non-electrically conductive materials, and most energy generating devices have a current collector (metal substrate) attached to them that provides electrical conductivity. Deformation of the device due to mechanical deformation, friction, and heat flow is a major cause of delamination of the energy generating material from the current collector, and additionally, energy generating efficiency and device reliability are deteriorated.

On the other hand, the hydrophilic fiber membrane-based electric energy generating device coated with the MXene layer can generate electric energy by the electric double layer principle by simply applying a small amount of a polar solution to the energy generating device. can create a voltage difference. In addition, since the generated electrical energy is generated in the form of direct current, power can be directly supplied to the electronic device without an additional rectifying circuit.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a composite generator that generates electric energy in the form of direct current (DC) by utilizing a voltage difference generated in an electric double layer formed when a polar solution is adsorbed on the surface of an MXene layer, and a method for manufacturing the same. The composite generator made in this way can directly supply high-efficiency and high power, so that it can supply power to electronic devices or store energy generated in secondary batteries and supercapacitors to broaden its application range.

The technical problem to be solved through the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a hydrophilic fiber membrane-based composite generator coated with an MXene layer capable of high-efficiency power generation.

According to an aspect of the present invention, in a hydrophilic fiber membrane-based composite generator coated with an MXene layer and a manufacturing method thereof, a solution in which MXene particles, which is an example of an MXene layer, are dispersed, is prepared, and the hydrophilic fiber membrane is formed into a predetermined size. After cutting, the cut hydrophilic fiber membrane is immersed in a MXene coating solution in which MXene particles are dispersed to evenly coat the MXene layer made of MXene particles on the hydrophilic fiber membrane, and the MXene layer-coated hydrophilic fiber membrane is dried in an oven ( For example, a composite generator (a hydrophilic fiber membrane-based composite generator coated with an MXene layer) that can produce direct current electrical energy through the drying process at 80 ° C. is manufactured, and individual composite generators are stacked or connected in series or parallel A method for manufacturing a hydrophilic fiber membrane-based composite generator in which an MXene layer having an asymmetric wetting structure is bound to the surface of an individual fiber by a polar solution capable of amplifying voltage and current is provided.

In the present invention, a method for manufacturing an electric energy generating device based on an electric double layer formed by an MXene layer coated on a hydrophilic fiber membrane and a polar solution comprises the steps of (a) preparing an MXene coating solution forming an MXene layer, (b) hydrophilicity Cutting the membrane to a designed size, (c) immersing the hydrophilic fiber membrane in an MXene coating solution to coat the MXene layer on the surface of individual fibers constituting the hydrophilic fiber membrane, (d) coating the MXene layer in an oven drying the hydrophilic membrane, (e) stacking two or more hydrophilic fiber membrane generators coated with an MXene layer to manufacture a stacked generator, (f) connecting the stacked membrane generators in series and parallel with each other and polarity Dropping the solution asymmetrically only around one electrode connected to a generator to form a direct current voltage and current.

In step (a), the MXene particles are dispersed in a polar solvent to prepare an MXene coating solution to be used in the dipping process. Specifically, the MXene particles are Ti ₂ C, (Ti _0.5 , Nb _0.5 ) ₂ C, V ₂ C , Nb ₂ C, Mo ₂ C, Mo ₂ N, (Ti _0.5 , Nb _0.5 ) ₂ C, Ti ₃ C ₂ , Ti ₃ CN, Zr ₃ C ₂ , Hf ₃ C ₂ , Ti ₄ N ₃ , Nb ₄ C ₃ , Ta ₄ C ₃ , Mo ₂ TiC ₂ , Cr ₂ TiC ₂ and Mo ₂ Ti ₂ C ₃ One or a mixture of two or more selected from the group consisting of C 3 may be included. A conductive polymer may be mixed with the MXene material constituting the MXene layer, and the conductive polymer used is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT:PSS), polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole (PPy), Poly(p- At least one conductive polymer material selected from phenylene vinylene) (PPV), Poly(acetylene)s (PAC), and poly(p-phenylene sulfide) (PPS) may be included. If it is an MXene material that has excellent electrical conductivity and binds well to a hydrophilic fiber membrane, there is no restriction on a specific material. The solvent used in the process of dispersing the MXene particles is water (deionized water), isopropanol (isopropanol), acetonitrile (acetonitrile), methanol (methanol), ethanol (ethanol), ethylene glycol (EG, ethylene glycol), dimethyl One type or a mixed solvent of two or more types of formamide (DMF, dimethylformamide), acetone, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) may be selected. A solution in which one or two or more electrolytes of various ions NaCl, KCl, NaBr, KBr and CaCl _{2 are dissolved in the polar solution may be used.} As a solvent used for the coating solution, it is preferable to use water having high polarity, a large dielectric constant, and easily obtainable water. The concentration condition of the solution used in the immersion process is used to make a solution in the concentration range of 0.01 - 50 wt% that can be applied uniformly.

In step (b), the size of the electricity generating device is adjusted by cutting the hydrophilic fibrous membrane to a predetermined size. As a material of the hydrophilic fibrous membrane, cotton, paper, thread, etc., having high absorption power for polar solvents may be used, and a fiber strand having a diameter of several tens of nm to several hundred μm (eg, 50 nm to 500 μm) is selected. A porous membrane made of The specifications of the hydrophilic fiber membrane to be applied to the energy generating device are cut within the aspect ratio range of 1 or more and 100 or less to effectively absorb water and maintain asymmetric wetting, and the thickness of the hydrophilic fiber membrane used at this time uses 10 μm ~ 1 mm.

The step (c) is a step of immersing the hydrophilic fiber membrane in a solution in which the MXene particles are dispersed, and the MXene particles can be evenly applied to the surface of the hydrophilic fiber membrane by controlling the number of immersion. The hydrophilic fiber membrane cut to a certain size is immersed in the MXene coating solution prepared in step (a) to prepare a hydrophilic fiber membrane coated with an MXene layer. In this case, the amount of MXene particles applied to the hydrophilic fiber membrane can be easily controlled by controlling the number of immersion during the immersion process, and through this, the resistance of the MXene layer constituting the energy generating device can be controlled. Since the resistance of the MXene layer has a great influence on the generated voltage and current flow, it is preferably selected in the range of 100 W to 100 MW.

In the drying process of step (d), the hydrophilic fibrous membrane immersed in the coating solution is placed flat on a tray and then dried in an oven (eg, dried at 80° C.) to form a MXene layer-coated hydrophilic fibrous membrane. Build a base composite generator.

The step (e) is a step of stacking two or more hydrophilic fiber membrane generators coated with an MXene layer, expanding the area for forming an electric double layer between the polar solution and MXene particles in the stacked membrane, and evaporating the polar solvent (typically water) fabricate a hydrophilic fiber membrane-based composite generator coated with a laminated MXene layer that effectively prevents wetting and lasts for a long time.

In step (f), the MXene layer coated hydrophilic fiber membrane-based composite generator is connected in series and in parallel, and the polar solution is partially applied to only one of the two electrodes connected to the MXene layer-coated hydrophilic fiber membrane-based composite generator. Connect the electrodes so that the wetted region and the dry region are separated by dropping them to form a circuit. On the surface of the MXene particles wetted by the polar solution, the surface of the MXene layer becomes negatively charged and a negative potential is formed by the formation of an electric double layer. Because of this, a clear potential difference is formed between the electrode wetted by the water and the electrode connected to the non-wetted part. At this time, when the two electrodes are connected in a circuit, DC voltage, DC current, and power are generated. However, if the amount of the polar solution dropped is too large, the potential difference may be lost if the polar solution contacts both electrodes of the hydrophilic fiber membrane-based composite generator coated with the MXene layer. Therefore, an appropriate amount of a polar solvent should be applied to the hydrophilic fibrous membrane coated with an MXene layer of a certain size. For example, in the case of a hydrophilic fiber membrane coated with an MXene layer of 0.5 cm (length) × 7 cm (width) with an aspect ratio of 14, 30 μl of the polar solution was added to the left side of the MXene layer-coated hydrophilic fiber membrane-based composite generator. If the inner tooth is dropped on the right end, it can produce DC power.

According to the present invention, the hydrophilic fiber membrane-based composite generator coated with the MXene layer can produce high-efficiency power simply by adding water.

The hydrophilic fiber membrane-based composite generator coated with the MXene layer manufactured using the immersion process has high efficiency DC power based on the high surface area and strong water adsorption performance of the MXene layer, and the excellent wetting and porosity of the hydrophilic fiber membrane. It is an eco-friendly energy generating device that generates It is characterized by high-efficiency power generation thanks to the high-conductivity MXene. In particular, in the case of a hydrophilic fiber membrane coated with an MXene layer with dimensions of 0.5 cm (length) × 7 cm (width), direct current power can be generated with a small amount of 30 μl of a polar solution, and mass production is easy, so household energy It is highly likely to be used as an auxiliary device, a portable power auxiliary device, and an auxiliary power device for wearable electronic devices.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The accompanying drawings, which are included as a part of the detailed description to help the understanding of the present invention, provide embodiments of the present invention, and together with the detailed description, explain the technical spirit of the present invention.
1 is a schematic diagram of the manufacturing process of the present invention, the MXene layer coated hydrophilic fiber membrane-based composite generator.
2 shows a flow chart of a manufacturing method of a hydrophilic fiber membrane-based composite generator coated with an MXene layer operated by a polar solution according to an embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a photograph of a composite generator based on a cotton fiber membrane coated with _{Ti 3} C ₂ prepared according to Example 1 of the present invention.
4 is a scanning electron microscope photograph of a cotton fiber membrane-based composite generator coated with _{Ti 3} C ₂ prepared according to Example 1 of the present invention.
5 is a schematic diagram showing an energy generation mechanism capable of continuous self-generation of a cotton fiber membrane-based composite generator coated with MXene.
6 is a graph of open circuit voltage, short circuit current, and resistance measured when water is applied to a cotton fiber membrane-based composite generator coated _{with Ti 3} C ₂ prepared according to Example 1 of the present invention.
_{7 is a composite generator based on a cotton fiber membrane coated with Ti 3} C ₂ prepared according to Example 1 of the present invention, a pure hydrophilic membrane, a hydrophilic membrane to which a surfactant is added, and the absorption capacity of a hydrophilic membrane coated with carbon particles is a graph showing
8 is a graph of open circuit voltage measured when water is applied to a cotton fiber membrane-based composite generator coated _{with Ti 3} C ₂ having different resistances manufactured according to Example 1 of the present invention.
9 is a graph of short-circuit current measured when water is applied to a cotton fiber membrane-based composite generator coated _{with Ti 3} C ₂ having different resistances manufactured according to Example 1 of the present invention.
10 shows the maximum values of open circuit voltage and short circuit current measured when water is applied to a cotton fiber membrane-based composite generator coated _{with Ti 3} C ₂ having different resistances manufactured according to Example 1 of the present invention; .
11 shows the power values measured when water is applied to the cotton fiber membrane-based composite generator coated _{with Ti 3} C ₂ having different resistances manufactured according to Example 1 of the present invention.
12 is an open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current measured when an aqueous solution containing an electrolyte is applied to a cotton fiber membrane-based composite generator coated _{with Ti 3} C ₂ having different resistances manufactured according to Example 1 of the present invention; show the value
13 is a graph of open circuit voltage, short circuit current, and voltage measured when water is applied to a cotton fiber membrane-based composite generator coated with Ketjen black having different resistances manufactured according to Comparative Example 1 of the present invention.
14 is a scanning electron microscope photograph of a cotton fiber membrane-based composite generator coated with _{Ti 3} C ₂ / PANi prepared according to Example 2 of the present invention.
15 is a graph of power measured by adjusting the weight ratio _{of Ti 3} C _{2 and PANi of the Ti 3} C ₂ / PANi-coated cotton fiber membrane-based composite generator manufactured according to Example 2 of the present invention.
16 is a graph comparing the power generated when water and seawater are dropped on a cotton fiber membrane-based composite generator coated _{with Ti 3} C ₂ / PANi prepared according to Example 3 of the present invention.
17 is an image of driving a blue LED using high power generated when seawater is dropped on a cotton fiber membrane-based composite generator coated _{with Ti 3} C ₂ / PANi manufactured according to Example 4 of the present invention.
_{18 is a Ti 3} C ₂ / PANi-coated cotton fiber membrane-based composite generator prepared according to Example 4 of the present invention using high power generated when seawater is dropped to charge a supercapacitor of 1 F It is an image.
_{19 is a Ti 3} C ₂ / PANi-coated cotton fiber membrane-based composite generator prepared according to Example 4 of the present invention using high power generated when seawater is dropped to charge a supercapacitor of 1 F voltage graph.
20 is an image of charging a commercialized battery using high power generated when seawater is dropped on a cotton fiber membrane-based composite generator coated _{with Ti 3} C ₂ / PANi manufactured according to Example 4 of the present invention. .

The present invention can apply various transformations and can have various embodiments. Hereinafter, specific embodiments will be described in detail based on the accompanying drawings.

In describing the present invention, if it is determined that a detailed description of a related known technology may obscure the gist of the present invention, the detailed description thereof will be omitted.

Hereinafter, a hydrophilic fiber membrane-based composite generator coated with a maxine (MXene, hereinafter 'MXene') layer and a manufacturing method thereof will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

An embodiment of the present invention includes a hydrophilic fiber membrane coated with an MXene layer, and provides a composite generator, characterized in that electrical energy is generated by an asymmetric wetting structure of a polar solution with respect to the hydrophilic fiber membrane.

According to one side, in the hydrophilic fiber membrane coated with the MXene layer, a region wet by the polar solution and a region not wetted by the polar solution form opposite poles to generate electrical energy.

According to another aspect, in the hydrophilic fiber membrane coated with the MXene layer, the voltage difference due to the presence or absence of an electric double layer between the MXene layer in the region wetted by the polar solution and the MXene layer in the region not wetted by the polar solution It may be characterized in that electric energy is generated by using it.

According to another aspect, in the asymmetric wetting structure, it may be characterized in that electric energy is generated using a current appearing in the process of diffusion of the polar solution from the wet side to the dry side.

According to another aspect, the asymmetric wetting structure may include a structure that wets an area included in the range of 0.1% to 99% of the total volume of the hydrophilic fibrous membrane coated with the MXene layer.

According to another aspect, the polar solution is acetone, acetic acid, water, ethanol, acetonitrile, ammonia, methanol, isopropanol ( It may be characterized as comprising one or a mixture of two or more of isopropanol) and pyridine.

According to another aspect, the polar solution may include a solution in which one or two or more electrolytes of NaCl, KCl, NaBr, KBr and CaCl _{2 are dissolved.}

According to another aspect, the MXene material constituting the MXene layer is Ti ₂ C, (Ti _0.5 , Nb _0.5 ) ₂ C, V ₂ C, Nb ₂ C, Mo ₂ C, Mo ₂ N, (Ti _0.5 , Nb _0.5 ) ₂ C, Ti ₃ C ₂ , Ti ₃ CN, Zr ₃ C ₂ , Hf ₃ C ₂ , Ti ₄ N ₃ , Nb ₄ C ₃ , Ta ₄ C ₃ , Mo ₂ TiC ₂ , Cr ₂ TiC ₂ and Mo ₂ Ti ₂ C ₃ It may be characterized in that it comprises at least one.

According to another aspect, the MXene layer is composed of a mixture of an MXene material and a conductive polymer, and the conductive polymer is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT:PSS), polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole (PPy), Poly At least one conductive polymer material selected from (p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV), Poly(acetylene)s (PAC), and poly(p-phenylene sulfide) (PPS) may be included.

According to another aspect, the MXene layer is coated on the hydrophilic fiber membrane by loading the MXene material in the range of ^{0.9 mg/cm 3} to 0.007 mg/cm ^{3 per unit volume on the hydrophilic fiber membrane, and} By controlling the amount, it may be characterized in that the generated voltage and current can be controlled by changing the resistance of the hydrophilic fiber membrane coated with the MXene layer.

According to another aspect, the hydrophilic fibrous membrane has a material having water absorption and containment ability, cotton fabric, Korean paper (mulberry paper), polypropylene membrane, oxygen plasma-treated nonwoven fabric, hydrophilicity It may be characterized in that it comprises at least one of the surface-treated fabric and nanofibers.

According to another aspect, the hydrophilic fibrous membrane may be formed of fiber strands to increase specific surface area, and may be coated with an MXene layer binding to the surface of individual fibers.

According to another aspect, the diameter of the fiber strands constituting the hydrophilic fiber membrane may be characterized in that it is included in the range of 50 nm to 500 μm.

According to another aspect, the thickness of the hydrophilic fibrous membrane may be characterized in that it is included in the range of 10 μm ~ 1 mm.

According to another aspect, the hydrophilic fibrous membrane may have a horizontal and vertical aspect ratio of 1 or more for an asymmetric wetting structure.

According to another embodiment, it is possible to provide a composite generator, characterized in that formed by stacking two or more of the aforementioned composite generator or connected in series.

The manufacturing method of the composite generator according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps of preparing an MXene coating solution for forming an MXene layer, immersing the hydrophilic fiber membrane in the MXene coating solution to coat the MXene layer on the hydrophilic fiber membrane, and and drying the hydrophilic fiber membrane coated with the MXene layer, and electrical energy may be generated by an asymmetric wetting structure of a polar solution with respect to the hydrophilic fiber membrane.

According to one side, the manufacturing method of the composite generator may further include the step of asymmetrically dropping the polar solution on the hydrophilic fiber membrane coated with the MXene layer to produce electrical energy.

According to another aspect, in the generating of the electrical energy, a polar solution is asymmetrically dropped on one of the two electrodes connected to the hydrophilic fiber membrane coated with the MXene layer, and the hydrophilic fiber membrane coated with the MXene layer is asymmetrically dropped. It may be characterized in that by connecting the electrode of the wet part and the electrode of the non-wet part in the circuit to generate DC voltage, DC current, and power.

According to another aspect, the method of manufacturing the composite generator may further include stacking two or more hydrophilic fiber membranes coated with the MXene layer or connecting them in series and parallel to each other.

According to another aspect, the MXene coating solution is Ti ₂ C, (Ti _0.5 ,Nb _0.5 ) ₂ C, V ₂ C, Nb ₂ C, Mo ₂ C, Mo ₂ N, (Ti _0.5 ,Nb _0.5 ) ₂ C , Ti ₃ C ₂ , Ti ₃ CN, Zr ₃ C ₂ , Hf ₃ C ₂ , Ti ₄ N ₃ , Nb ₄ C ₃ , Ta ₄ C ₃ , Mo ₂ TiC ₂ , Cr ₂ TiC ₂ and Mo ₂ Ti ₂ C It may be characterized in that it is prepared by dispersing at least one MXene material out of _{3 in water.}

According to another aspect, the MXene layer is composed of a mixture of an MXene material and a conductive polymer, and the conductive polymer is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT:PSS), polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole (PPy), Poly At least one conductive polymer material selected from (p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV), Poly(acetylene)s (PAC), and poly(p-phenylene sulfide) (PPS) may be included.

According to another aspect, the content of the MXene material included in the MXene coating solution may be characterized in that it is included in the range of 0.1 to 10 wt% compared to the polar solvent.

According to another aspect, the hydrophilic fibrous membrane may be cut so that a horizontal and vertical aspect ratio is 1 or more.

According to another aspect, the coating of the MXene layer may include controlling the loading amount of the MXene material by controlling the number of times the hydrophilic fiber membrane is immersed in the MXene coating solution.

According to another aspect, the drying step may be characterized in that the MXene layer coated hydrophilic fiber membrane is placed flat on a tray and then dried in an oven.

Energy generating devices developed so far generate electrical energy in the form of high-frequency alternating voltage and current. This is because the piezoelectric element and triboelectric energy generating device, which generate electrical energy by mechanical deformation and friction, instantaneously form a voltage difference only when deformation and friction are applied, and when the applied mechanical action is removed, the voltage difference of the opposite sign is again because it is formed. The energy generating device for generating such high-frequency AC power has a disadvantage in that an electronic device can be driven only when a separate rectifying circuit or an energy storage device is always accompanied. In addition, continuous mechanical deformation, friction, and heating damage the device and lower the energy generating efficiency of the energy generating device. In addition, mechanical deformation, friction, and heat flows cause the energy generating material to be desorbed from the current collector substrate, so there is a problem in that energy generating efficiency is lowered.

In contrast, the hydrophilic fiber membrane-based composite generator with the MXene layer coated with the MXene layer, which operates on the principle of an electric double layer, can generate electrical energy by simply applying a small amount of a polar solution to the energy generating device. can create a voltage difference. In addition, since the generated electrical energy is generated in the form of direct current, power can be directly supplied to the electronic device without an additional rectifying circuit.

In embodiments of the present invention, energy generation efficiency can be greatly improved by applying an MXene layer with a large surface area to a hydrophilic fiber membrane with a large specific surface area, and a polar solution can be applied to the MXene layer to obtain direct current electrical energy. The electric energy in the form of direct current formed through the complex generator may be directly connected to an electronic device and driven without a separate rectification circuit. Embodiments of the present invention have the feature of being able to mass-produce the hydrophilic fibrous membrane coated with the MXene layer at low cost through a simple immersion process. It is easy to manufacture in a large area and has the advantage of being able to easily increase the capacity of the generator through lamination.

1 is a schematic view of the manufacturing process of the present invention, a polar solution applied MXene layer is coated with a hydrophilic fiber membrane-based composite generator. The hydrophilic fiber membrane 101 cut to a predetermined standard is immersed in the MXene coating solution 102 in which the MXene particles are dispersed. During the dipping process, the amount of MXene particles applied to the surface of the hydrophilic fiber membrane can be controlled by controlling the number of dipping. The dipped hydrophilic fiber membrane 103 coated with the MXene layer is completed after a drying process 104 in a drying oven. The resistance of the hydrophilic fibrous membrane electrical energy generating device after drying may be in the range of 100 Ω to 100 MΩ, and it is advantageous to have a resistance preferably included in the range of 10 kΩ to 20 MΩ in order to obtain high voltage and current characteristics. . In FIG. 1, an MXene layer composed of MXene particles is exemplified. The MXene particles are Ti ₂ C, (Ti _0.5 ,Nb _0.5 ) ₂ C, V ₂ C, Nb ₂ C, Mo ₂ C, Mo ₂ N, (Ti _0.5 ,Nb _0.5 ) ₂ C, Ti ₃ C ₂ , Ti One or two selected from ₃ CN, Zr ₃ C ₂ , Hf ₃ C ₂ , Ti ₄ N ₃ , Nb ₄ C ₃ , Ta ₄ C ₃ , Mo ₂ TiC ₂ , Cr ₂ TiC ₂ and Mo ₂ Ti ₂ C ₃ It may be a mixture of the above. If it is an MXene material that has excellent electrical conductivity and binds well to a hydrophilic fiber membrane, there is no restriction on a specific material, and MXene particles can be used alone or in combination. A conductive polymer may be mixed with the MXene material constituting the MXene layer, and the conductive polymer used is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT:PSS), polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole (PPy), Poly(p- It may include at least one conductive polymer material selected from phenylene vinylene) (PPV), Poly(acetylene)s (PAC), and poly(p-phenylene sulfide) (PPS). In the hydrophilic fiber membrane-based composite generator with the MXene layer coated with a polar solution, the MXene material coated on the individual fibers constituting the hydrophilic fiber is preferably coated with MXene particles with a high specific surface area uniformly, and it is the simplest from the viewpoint of the manufacturing process. do. An appropriate amount of the polar solution is dropped onto the dipped hydrophilic fiber membrane coated with the dried MXene layer only on one of the two ends of the membrane where the two electrodes are to be engaged. Polar solvents include acetone, acetic acid, water, ethanol, acetonitrile, ammonia, methanol, isopropanol, and pyridine. ), one or two or more polar solvents may be mixed and used. Also, a solution in which one or two or more electrolytes of various ions NaCl, KCl, NaBr, KBr and CaCl _{2 are dissolved in the polar solution may be used.}

If the MXene layer-coated hydrophilic fiber membrane-based composite generator gets all wet by dropping an excessive amount of polar solution, there is no voltage difference at both electrodes, making power generation impossible. An amount that can be wetted by half is adequate. The amount of applied polar solution to be applied may vary depending on the area of the fibrous membrane. In the case of a 0.5 cm × 7 cm cotton fiber-based MXene layer-hydrophilic membrane, 30 μl of a polar solution is preferably applied.

2 shows a flowchart of a method of manufacturing a hydrophilic fiber membrane-based composite generator coated with an MXene layer operated by a polar solution according to an embodiment of the present invention. As can be seen in FIG. 2 , preparing an MXene coating solution for forming the MXene layer (201), cutting the hydrophilic membrane to a designed size (202), immersing the hydrophilic fiber membrane in the MXene coating solution to form a hydrophilic fiber Coating the MXene layer on the surface of individual fibers constituting the membrane (203), drying the MXene layer-coated hydrophilic membrane in an oven (204), stacking two or more hydrophilic fiber membrane generators coated with MXene layer to manufacture a stacked generator (205), and a step (206) of connecting the stacked membrane generators in series and parallel with each other and asymmetrically dropping a polar solution to form a DC voltage and current. Here, dropping the polar solvent asymmetrically may include dropping the polar solvent only around one electrode connected to the generator.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail through examples. The examples are merely for illustrating the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

Example 1: Ti ₃ C ₂ Fabrication of this coated cotton fiber membrane-based composite generator

To prepare a Ti ₃ C _{2 coating solution, 0.2 g of Ti 3} C _{2 is} mixed with 20 mL of deionized water. The cotton fiber membrane was cut with an aspect ratio of 14 in the dimensions of 0.5 cm (length) × 7 cm (width). Each of the cut membranes was immersed once in a solution in which MXene particles were dispersed. The cotton membrane immersed the Ti ₃ C ₂ is applied is a MXene layer coated on the surface of the individual fibers that make up the final Ti ₃ C ₂ particles cotton fiber membrane taken up in a flat tray through a drying process of 80 ℃ in a drying oven A composite generator based on a coated hydrophilic fiber membrane was fabricated. To evaluate the power generation characteristics, 30 μl of deionized water was dropped on one electrode of a hydrophilic fiber membrane-based composite generator coated with an MXene layer, and then the open circuit voltage and short circuit were measured using a potentiostat. Short circuit voltage characteristics were evaluated.

3 is a photograph of a composite generator based on a cotton fiber membrane coated with _{Ti 3} C ₂ prepared according to Example 1 of the present invention. Alternatively the concentration or by controlling the number of times of impregnating the MXene This can adjust the amount of coating on the cotton fibers, the (W) 0.5 cm stand black × 7 cm (width) standard Ti ₃ C ₂ is uniformly coated cotton fibers Membrane can be checked.

4 is a scanning electron microscope photograph of a cotton fiber membrane-based composite generator coated with _{Ti 3} C ₂ prepared according to Example 1 of the present invention. _{It can be seen that Ti 3} C ₂ particles are evenly applied to the cotton fiber strand with a diameter of 10 μm.

5 is a schematic diagram showing the energy generation mechanism of a cotton fiber membrane-based composite generator coated with MXene. On the surface of the MXene particles in the wet region, the surface is negatively charged by an electric double layer and a negative potential is formed. For this reason, a potential difference is formed between the electrode wet by the water and the electrode connected to the dry region. At this time, if the two electrodes are connected in a circuit, DC voltage, DC current, and power can be produced.

6 is a graph showing changes in open circuit voltage, short circuit current, and resistance measured by dropping deionized water into a cotton fiber membrane-based composite generator coated _{with Ti 3} C ₂ prepared according to Example 1 of the present invention. Since the principle of generating voltage and current is different, it can be seen that the graph shape of voltage and current is different. Because hydrophilic MXene is used and surfactant is not used, it shows high capillary diffusion and has a current characteristic of 120 uA. This shows about 120 times better performance than the carbon-based combined power generator.

_{7 shows that the Ti 3} C ₂ coated cotton fiber membrane-based composite generator manufactured according to Example 1 of the present invention exhibits superior capillary absorption performance than pure cotton fibers, cotton fibers containing surfactants, and cotton fibers coated with carbon. show that

8 is a graph showing an open circuit voltage according to a change in resistance of a cotton fiber membrane-based composite generator coated with _{Ti 3} C ₂ prepared according to Example 1 of the present invention. In the electric double layer energy generating device to which the polar solution is applied, the electric energy generating efficiency varies according to the resistance of the energy generating device. As described in Example 1, the resistance of the _{Ti 3} C ₂ coated cotton fiber membrane-based composite generator was controlled by varying the number of times the _{cotton fiber membrane was immersed in a solution in which Ti 3} C _{2 was dispersed.} As the number of impregnations increases, the _{amount of Ti 3} C ₂ particles coated on the surface increases and the resistance decreases. The resistance is 0.15 kΩ, 0.5 kΩ, 0.9 kΩ, 2.1 kΩ, 4.7 kΩ, 18.5 kΩ, 118 kΩ total Samples were prepared. As observed in the open circuit voltage graph of FIG. 8, the higher the resistance of the generator, the higher the open voltage (118 kΩ sample: 0.5 V) characteristics appear, and the 0.15 kΩ sample with the lowest resistance shows a low open circuit voltage characteristic of 0.22 V level. This observation became In order to obtain high open-circuit voltage characteristics, it can be seen that it is important to control the base resistance of the _{Ti 3} C _{2 coated cotton fiber membrane-based composite generator.}

9 is a graph showing a short-circuit current according to a change in resistance of a cotton fiber membrane-based composite generator coated with _{Ti 3} C ₂ prepared according to Example 1 of the present invention. Looking at the short-circuit current characteristic graph according to the resistance change in FIG. 7, the highest short-circuit current (65 μA) characteristic is observed in the generator having a resistance of 0.15 kΩ, and it can be confirmed that the magnitude of the short-circuit current increases as the resistance decreases. have.

10 is a graph showing the power according to the resistance change of the cotton fiber membrane-based composite generator coated with _{Ti 3} C ₂ prepared according to Example 1 of the present invention. Since power is determined by the product of current and voltage, it is important to simultaneously give high open-circuit voltage and high short-circuit current characteristic values. In the case of the cotton fiber membrane-based composite generator coated with this Ti ₃ C ₂ , the maximum value is observed at the resistance value where the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current value are opposite to each other, and when the resistance value falls below a certain level, the short-circuit current value decreases. Therefore, a power graph was drawn as shown in FIG. 11 in order to observe the resistance band in which the optimal power can be obtained. The maximum power (P _max ) showed a value of about 6.6 μW in a generator with 27 Ω. Therefore, it is important to manufacture a cotton fiber membrane-based composite generator coated _{with Ti 3} C ₂ having an optimal resistance band in generating voltage, current, and power. In _{the case of Ti 3} C ₂ , when the resistance is 27 Ω or less, the power is reduced, so the maximum generated power is 6.6 μW.

12 is a graph showing the voltage and current generated when an aqueous solution containing various kinds of electrolytes is dropped on a cotton fiber membrane-based composite generator coated _{with Ti 3} C ₂ prepared according to Example 1 of the present invention. When 1 M LiCl, NaCl, KCl, MgCl ₂ and CaCl ₂ solutions other than water are dropped, it can be seen that the voltage and current are improved by more than 2 times and more than 50 times, respectively. It can be seen that the magnitude of the generated voltage increases as the number increases.

Comparative Example 1: Fabrication of a composite generator based on a cotton fiber membrane coated with Ketjen Black and a composite generator based on a cotton fiber membrane coated with Ketjen Black and Ti ₃ C ₂ Performance Comparison of Composite Generator Based on Cotton Fiber Membrane Coated with

To prepare a Ketjen Black coating solution, 0.2 g of Ketjen black and 0.05 g of a surfactant (SDBS, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate) are mixed with 20 ml of deionized water. The mixed Ketjen Black solution is evenly mixed and dispersed by ultrasonication to prepare a solution in which Ketjen Black is dispersed. The cotton fiber membrane was cut with an aspect ratio of 14 in the dimensions of 0.5 cm (length) × 7 cm (width). Each of the cut membranes was immersed once in a solution in which Ketjen Black particles were dispersed. The soaked cotton membrane coated with Ketjen Black is placed on a flat tray and dried in a drying oven at 80 ° C. Finally, Ketjen Black particles are hydrophilic coated with a Ketjen Black layer coated on the surface of individual fibers constituting the cotton fiber membrane. A fiber membrane-based composite generator was fabricated. To evaluate the power generation characteristics, 0.25 ml of deionized water was dropped on one electrode of a hydrophilic fiber membrane-based composite generator coated with a Ketjen black layer, and then the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and voltage characteristics were evaluated using a potentiometer. did.

13 is a graph showing voltage, power, and power generated when water is dropped on a cotton fiber membrane-based composite generator coated with Ketjen Black prepared according to Comparative Example 1 of the present invention according to resistance. In the case of the composite generator having the MXene layer, the magnitude of the voltage was slightly decreased, but the magnitude of the current was greatly improved thanks to the high conductivity, so that higher power was produced compared to the composite generator having the Ketjen black layer. Experiments of Examples and Comparative Examples can be checked through

Example 2: Ti ₃ C ₂ / Fabrication of composite generator based on cotton fiber membrane coated with PANi mixture

To prepare a Ti ₃ C ₂ / PANi mixed coating solution, _{0.2 g of Ti 3} C ₂ and 0.2 g PANi are mixed with 20 ml of deionized water. The cotton fiber membrane was cut with an aspect ratio of 14 in the dimensions of 0.5 cm (length) × 7 cm (width). Each of the cut membranes was _{immersed once in a Ti 3} C ₂ / PANi mixed coating solution. The immersed the Ti ₃ C ₂ is applied to cotton membrane is finally Ti ₃ C ₂ / PANi mixture is raised to a flat tray through a drying process of 80 ℃ in the drying oven are coated on the surface of the individual fibers that make up the cotton fiber membrane Ti ₃ C ₂ / PANi-coated hydrophilic fiber membrane-based composite generator was manufactured. To evaluate the power generation characteristics, 30 μl of deionized water was dropped on one electrode of a hydrophilic fiber membrane-based composite generator coated with a _{Ti 3} C _{2 / PANi layer, and then the open circuit voltage was measured using a potentiometer.} and short circuit voltage characteristics were evaluated.

14 shows an image of a composite generator based on a cotton fiber membrane coated with _{Ti 3} C ₂ / PANi prepared according to Example 2 of the present invention. In FIG. 3 , it can be seen that PANi in the form of black powder is added to the sample containing only _{Ti 3} C _{2 and has a much darker color.}

15 is a graph showing the magnitude of power measured while changing the ratio of Ti ₃ C _{2 and PANi to Ti 3} C ₂ / PANi prepared according to Example 2 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 15 , _{it can be confirmed that the performance increases as PANi is added rather than pure Ti 3} C ₂ , and it can be confirmed that the highest efficiency is shown when the weight ratio is 2:1. Since the PANi used at this time has lower conductivity than Ti ₃ C ₂ , it can be confirmed that the addition of excessive PANi actually deteriorates the performance. Thus, under the same conditions, it _{can be confirmed that the Ti 3} C ₂ / PANi-coated cotton fiber membrane-based composite generator exhibits superior electricity generation efficiency than the _{Ti 3} C _{2 coated cotton fiber membrane-based composite generator.}

Example 3: Improved energy performance of a composite generator based on a cotton fiber membrane coated with _{a Ti 3} C ₂ / PANi mixture using seawater

_{16 is a Ti 3} C ₂ / prepared according to Example 2 of the present invention This is a graph comparing the power generated when water and seawater are applied to a PANi-coated cotton fiber membrane-based composite generator. A large amount of NaCl is dissolved in seawater, and this NaCl helps to form an electric double layer, resulting in voltage improvement. In addition, during the water diffusion process, Na ⁺ ions can move together, and the moved ions can be converted into additional power. This overlapping effect of voltage and current showed a power improvement effect of about 50 times, and showed the highest efficiency among previous attempts to generate power using water.

Example 4: LED driving, supercapacitor and battery charging using a composite generator based on a cotton fiber membrane coated _{with Ti 3} C ₂ / PANi mixture using seawater

_{Ti 3} C ₂ / prepared according to Example 2 When a PANi-coated cotton fiber membrane-based composite generator is connected in series and parallel, the magnitude of the generated voltage and current can be greatly amplified. In the case of the conventional composite generator coated with carbon (Ketjen Black), only the Red LED could be turned on due to the small amount of power generated. It can be confirmed that the LED can be driven.

In addition, as a result of charging the 1F supercapacitor with the carbon combined cycle generator and the MXene combined cycle generator (FIG. 18) having the same volume, it can be confirmed that the time taken to charge to 1V is reduced by about 3 times or more as shown in FIG.

At least 5V, 1A power is required to charge the battery. In order to satisfy this, more than about 10,000 carbon-based combined cycle generators are required, but as can be seen in FIG. 20, when using a high-performance MXene-based combined cycle generator, it can reduce 19% to 33% of small batteries (30 mAhr), which shows the superiority of the MXene-based combined generator.

As described above, although the embodiments have been described with reference to the limited embodiments and drawings, various modifications and variations are possible by those skilled in the art from the above description. For example, the described techniques are performed in a different order than the described method, and/or the described components of the system, structure, apparatus, circuit, etc. are combined or combined in a different form than the described method, or other components Or substituted or substituted by equivalents may achieve an appropriate result.

Therefore, other implementations, other embodiments, and equivalents to the claims are also within the scope of the following claims.

Claims (26)

Hydrophilic fiber membrane coated with MXene layer
including,
A composite generator, characterized in that electrical energy is generated by the asymmetric wetting structure of the polar solution with respect to the hydrophilic fiber membrane. According to claim 1,
In the hydrophilic fiber membrane coated with the maxine layer, a region wet by the polar solution and a region not wet by the polar solution form opposite poles to generate electrical energy. According to claim 1,
In the hydrophilic fiber membrane coated with the maxin layer, electrical energy is obtained by using a voltage difference between the maxine layer in the region wetted by the polar solution and the maxine layer in the region not wetted by the polar solution by the presence or absence of an electric double layer. Combined generator, characterized in that generated. According to claim 1,
In the hydrophilic fiber membrane coated with the maxine layer, a current appears in the process of diffusion of the polar solution from the maxine layer in the area wetted by the polar solution to the maxine layer in the area not wetted by the polar solution. A combined generator, characterized in that it is generated. According to claim 1,
The asymmetric wetting structure is a composite generator, characterized in that it includes a structure that wets the area included in the range of 0.1% to 99% of the total volume of the hydrophilic fiber membrane coated with the maxine layer. According to claim 1,
The polar solution is acetone, acetic acid, water, ethanol, acetonitrile, ammonia, methanol, isopropanol and pyridine ) Combined generator comprising one or a mixture of two or more. According to claim 1,
The polar solution is NaCl, KCl, NaBr, KBr and CaCl ₂ Complex generator, characterized in that it comprises a solution in which one or two or more electrolytes are dissolved. According to claim 1,
The maxine material constituting the maxine layer is Ti ₂ C, (Ti _0.5 , Nb _0.5 ) ₂ C, V ₂ C, Nb ₂ C, Mo ₂ C, Mo ₂ N, (Ti _0.5 , Nb _0.5 ) ₂ C, Ti ₃ C ₂ , Ti ₃ CN, Zr ₃ C ₂ , Hf ₃ C ₂ , Ti ₄ N ₃ , Nb ₄ C ₃ , Ta ₄ C ₃ , Mo ₂ TiC ₂ , Cr ₂ TiC ₂ and Mo ₂ Ti ₂ C ₃ Combined generator comprising at least one. According to claim 1,
The maxine layer is composed of a mixture of a maxine material and a conductive polymer,
The conductive polymer is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT:PSS), polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole (PPy), Poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV), Poly(acetylene)s (PAC) and poly( A composite generator comprising at least one conductive polymer material selected from p-phenylene sulfide) (PPS). According to claim 1,
The maxine layer is coated on the hydrophilic fiber membrane by loading a maxine material in the range of ^{0.9 mg/cm 3} to 0.007 mg/cm ^{3 per unit volume on the hydrophilic fiber membrane,}
Composite generator, characterized in that it is possible to control the generated voltage and current by changing the resistance of the hydrophilic fiber membrane coated with the maxine layer by controlling the amount of the maxine material to be loaded. According to claim 1,
The hydrophilic fiber membrane has a material having water absorption and containment ability, and a cotton fabric, a mulberry paper, a polypropylene membrane, a nonwoven fabric treated with oxygen plasma, a fabric having a hydrophilic surface treatment, and A composite generator comprising at least one of nanofibers. According to claim 1,
The hydrophilic fiber membrane is made of fiber strands to increase the specific surface area, and the composite generator, characterized in that the maxine layer is coated on the surface of the individual fibers by binding. According to claim 1,
The composite generator, characterized in that the diameter of the fiber strand constituting the hydrophilic fiber membrane is included in the range of 50 nm to 500 μm. According to claim 1,
A composite generator, characterized in that the thickness of the hydrophilic fiber membrane is included in the range of 10 μm ~ 1 mm. According to claim 1,
The hydrophilic fiber membrane is a composite generator, characterized in that the horizontal and vertical aspect ratio is 1 or more for an asymmetric wetting structure. 16. A composite generator, characterized in that formed by stacking two or more composite generators according to any one of claims 1 to 15 or connecting them in series. In the manufacturing method of the combined generator,
preparing a maxine coating solution for forming a maxine layer;
coating a maxine layer on the hydrophilic fiber membrane by immersing the hydrophilic fiber membrane in a maxine coating solution; and
Drying the hydrophilic fiber membrane coated with the maxine layer
including,
A method of manufacturing a composite generator, characterized in that electrical energy is generated by an asymmetric wetting structure of a polar solution with respect to the hydrophilic fiber membrane. 18. The method of claim 17,
Dropping the polar solution asymmetrically on the hydrophilic fiber membrane coated with the maxine layer to produce electrical energy
Method of manufacturing a combined generator further comprising a. 18. The method of claim 17,
The generating of the electrical energy comprises:
By asymmetrically dropping a polar solution on one of the two electrodes connected to the hydrophilic fiber membrane coated with the maxine layer, the electrode of the wet part and the electrode of the non-wet part of the hydrophilic fiber membrane coated with the maxin layer are connected. A method of manufacturing a complex generator, characterized in that by constructing a circuit to generate a DC voltage, a DC current, and electric power. 18. The method of claim 17,
Laminating two or more hydrophilic fibrous membranes coated with the maxine layer or connecting them in series and parallel to each other
Method of manufacturing a combined generator further comprising a. 18. The method of claim 17,
The maxine coating solution is Ti ₂ C, (Ti _0.5 , Nb _0.5 ) ₂ C, V ₂ C, Nb ₂ C, Mo ₂ C, Mo ₂ N, (Ti _0.5 , Nb _0.5 ) ₂ C, Ti ₃ C ₂ , Maxine of at least one of Ti ₃ CN, Zr ₃ C ₂ , Hf ₃ C ₂ , Ti ₄ N ₃ , Nb ₄ C ₃ , Ta ₄ C ₃ , Mo ₂ TiC ₂ , Cr ₂ TiC ₂ and Mo ₂ Ti ₂ C ₃ A method of manufacturing a composite generator, characterized in that it is manufactured by dispersing a material in water. 18. The method of claim 17,
The maxine layer is composed of a mixture of a maxine material and a conductive polymer,
The conductive polymer is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT:PSS), polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole (PPy), Poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV), Poly(acetylene)s (PAC) and poly( A method of manufacturing a composite generator comprising at least one conductive polymer material selected from p-phenylene sulfide (PPS) 18. The method of claim 17,
The content of the maxine material included in the maxine coating solution is 0.1 to 10 wt% of the polar solvent. 18. The method of claim 17,
The hydrophilic fiber membrane is a method of manufacturing a composite generator, characterized in that it is cut so that the horizontal and vertical aspect ratio is 1 or more. 18. The method of claim 17,
The step of coating the maxine layer,
Method of manufacturing a composite generator, characterized in that by controlling the number of times the hydrophilic fiber membrane is impregnated with the maxine coating solution to control the loading amount of the maxine material. 18. The method of claim 17,
The drying step is
A method of manufacturing a composite generator, characterized in that the maxine layer coated hydrophilic fiber membrane is placed flat on a tray and then dried in an oven.

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