KR20210051562A - Safe home hybrid ESS - Google Patents

Safe home hybrid ESS Download PDF

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Publication number
KR20210051562A
KR20210051562A KR1020190136999A KR20190136999A KR20210051562A KR 20210051562 A KR20210051562 A KR 20210051562A KR 1020190136999 A KR1020190136999 A KR 1020190136999A KR 20190136999 A KR20190136999 A KR 20190136999A KR 20210051562 A KR20210051562 A KR 20210051562A
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energy
power
ess
voltage
mppt
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Korean (ko)
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신유성
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신유성
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33584—Bidirectional converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention is a safe hybrid home ESS which is combined with an IoT to have an easy effect and convenience of power demand.

Description

안전한 가정용 하이브리드 ESS {Safe home hybrid ESS}Safe home hybrid ESS

본 발명은 안전한 하이브리드 가정용 ESS로 IoT와 결합하여 전력수요의 용이한 효과와 편리성이 있다The present invention is a safe hybrid household ESS, combined with IoT, has easy effects and convenience of power demand.

에너지 저장은 장치 혹은 물리적 매체를 이용하여 에너지를 저장하는 것을 말한다. 이에 쓰이는 장치를 축압기라고 하고, 더 넓은 범위의 시스템 전체를 “에너지 저장 시스템(ESS)”라고 한다. 일반 가정에서 사용하는 건전지나 전자제품에 사용하는 소형 배터리도 전기에너지를 다른 에너지 형태로 변환하여 저장할 수 있지만 이런 소규모 전력저장장치를 ESS라고 말하지는 않고, 일반적으로 수백 kWh 이상의 전력을 저장하는 단독 시스템을 ESS라고 한다. Energy storage refers to storing energy using devices or physical media. The device used for this is called an accumulator, and the entire system in a wider range is called an “energy storage system” (ESS). Batteries used in general homes or small batteries used in electronic products can also convert and store electrical energy into other forms of energy, but such small-scale power storage devices are not called ESS, but are generally a single system that stores hundreds of kWh or more of power. Is called ESS.

지구 온난화, 자연의 사막화, 초미세먼지황사 기타 등등으로 현재 세계적으로 에너지의 사용 형태는 원자력 발전소에서 친환경 에너지로 변환하는 추세이다. 하지만 현재는 친환경에너지는 보조적인 에너지로 주 에너지가 될 수가 없다. 따라서 현재 에너지의 시장은 재활용 에너지와 자연에서 얻을 수 있는 친환경에너지를 발전시키는 방향으로 나아가고 있으므로 나는 친환경적인 에너지 즉, 자연에서 쉽게 얻을 수 있는 태양에너지를 중심으로 아이디어를 생각하게 되었다. 태양은 기상악화 조건을 제외하고는 항상 일정한 에너지를 발산하기 때문에 풍력발전과 수력발전과는 다르게 주변에서 가장 흔하며 어디서든지 효율을 낼 수가 있다. 그러므로 태양광을 선정하게 되었다. 그러나 태양광패널 즉, PV패널만으로는 에너지를 효율적으로 사용할 수가 없다. 따라서 ESS(Energy storage system) =‘에너지 저장장치’를 사용하여 보다 효율적으로 사용한다는 것을 조사하여 깨닫고 태양광 ESS를 중심으로 잡았었다. 또한 UPS(Uninterruptible Power Supply)무정전전원장치와 결합하여 가정집에 보급한다면 금상첨화가 따로 없을 것이라 생각하여 UPS를 결합하였다. 에너지를 조금 더 절약하는 방법으로 현재 4차 산업혁명 중 하나인 IoT(Internet of Things)를 가정집 마다 보급하면 어떨까? 해서 IoT와 가정용 태양광ESS, UPS를 결합한 형태인 마이크로 그리드를 생각하게 되었다.Due to global warming, natural desertification, and ultrafine dust yellow sand, the current world-wide energy usage is a trend of converting from nuclear power plants to eco-friendly energy. However, currently, eco-friendly energy cannot be the main energy as auxiliary energy. Therefore, the current energy market is moving toward developing recycled energy and eco-friendly energy that can be obtained from nature, so I came to think of ideas centering on eco-friendly energy, that is, solar energy that can be easily obtained from nature. The sun always emits constant energy except for bad weather conditions, so unlike wind power generation and hydropower generation, it is most common around the world and can be efficient anywhere. Therefore, solar power was chosen. However, solar panels, that is, PV panels alone, cannot use energy efficiently. Therefore, ESS (Energy storage system) ='Energy storage system' was used to investigate and realize that it is used more efficiently, and the solar ESS was the focus. In addition, UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) combined with the uninterruptible power supply and supplying it to homes, I thought that there would be no extra money, so I combined UPS. How about spreading the Internet of Things (IoT), one of the 4th industrial revolution, to every home as a way to save a little more energy? So, I came to think of a micro grid, which is a combination of IoT, solar ESS for home, and UPS.

여기서 IOT사물인터넷(Internet of Things, 약어로 IoT)이란 각종 사물에 센서와 통신 기능을 내장하여 인터넷에 연결하는 기술. 즉, 무선 통신을 통해 각종 사물을 연결하는 기술을 의미한다. 인터넷으로 연결된 사물들이 데이터를 주고받아 스스로 분석하고 학습한 정보를 사용자에게 제공하거나 사용자가 이를 원격 조정할 수 있는 인공지능 기술이다. 여기서 사물이란 가전제품, 모바일 장비, 웨어러블 디바이스 등 다양한 임베디드 시스템이 된다. 사물인터넷에 연결되는 사물들은 자신을 구별할 수 있는 유일한 아이피를 가지고 인터넷으로 연결되어야 하며, 외부 환경으로부터의 데이터 취득을 위해 센서를 내장할 수 있다. 모든 사물이 해킹의 대상이 될 수 있어 사물인터넷의 발달과 보안의 발달은 함께 갈 수밖에 없는 구조이다.Here, the Internet of Things (IoT) is a technology that connects to the Internet by embedding sensors and communication functions in various things. In other words, it refers to a technology that connects various objects through wireless communication. It is an artificial intelligence technology that allows Internet-connected objects to exchange data, provide their own analysis and learn information to the user, or allow the user to remotely control it. Here, objects are various embedded systems such as home appliances, mobile equipment, and wearable devices. Things connected to the Internet of Things must be connected to the Internet with a unique IP that can distinguish themselves, and sensors can be embedded to acquire data from the external environment. Since all things can be hacked, the development of the Internet of Things and the development of security are bound to go together.

본 발명의 안전한 가정용 ESS는 Safe home ESS of the present invention

본 발명의 효과로는 크게 8가지로 나눌 수 있다.The effects of the present invention can be broadly divided into eight.

1. 친환경적이며 탄소배출량 저감가능1. Eco-friendly and can reduce carbon emissions

2. 에너지 자원 문제를 해결가능2. Possible to solve the energy resource problem

3. 전력 수요계층 완화가능3. Possible to alleviate the power demand class

4. 태양광으로 생성되는 전력을 저장가능4. It is possible to store power generated by sunlight

5. 비상시 가정용에서 필수로 사용되는 가전에 전력공급가능5. In case of emergency, power can be supplied to home appliances that are essential for home use.

6. IoT를 결합하여 실시간으로 모바일 기기, 컴퓨터, 노트북으로 각종 센서 들과 콘센트 관리 가능 6. By combining IoT, it is possible to manage various sensors and outlets with mobile devices, computers and laptops in real time

7. 클라우드 서버를 이용하여 데이터 저장 및 수집 가능7. Data storage and collection possible using a cloud server

8. 마이크로 그리드 시스템의 실현 가능8. Possible to realize micro grid system

도 1은 본 발명에 이해를 돕기위한 정면에서 봤을때 외관으로 디스플레이에 표시되는 화면은 LCD, CLCD등 이 될수 있다.
도 2는 본 발명에 이해를 돕기위한 사선에서 본 외관으로 직육면체 혹은 다른 형태를 가지고 있으며 옆면에는 선이 빠질수 있는 구멍이 뚫려있다.
도 3은 본 발명의 내부 회로도 이다.
도 4는 본 발명의 이상적인 배터리 충전 VI곡선
도 5는 본 발명의 Wi-Fi 통신 및 서버 Diagram
도 6은 APP으로 볼 수 있는 UI디자인
도7은 (왼쪽)전문가 디자인,(오른쪽) 잠금화면1 is a screen displayed on the display as an exterior when viewed from the front to aid understanding of the present invention may be an LCD, CLCD, or the like.
2 is a rectangular parallelepiped or other shape as an appearance viewed from an oblique line for aiding understanding of the present invention, and a hole through which the line can be omitted is drilled on the side.
3 is an internal circuit diagram of the present invention.
Figure 4 is an ideal battery charging VI curve of the present invention
5 is a diagram of a Wi-Fi communication and server according to the present invention
6 is a UI design that can be viewed with an APP
Figure 7 is (left) expert design, (right) lock screen

이하 본 발명의 실시를 위한 구체적인 실시예를 첨부된 도면들을 참조하여 설명한다.Hereinafter, a specific embodiment for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

본 발명은 ESS로 PCS와 BMS, EMS를 합한 형태이다.The present invention is a combination of PCS, BMS, and EMS as an ESS.

도 3은 설명은 다음과 같다. 3 is as follows.

최대전력점 추종 제어를 위한 태양광 발전 시스템의 구성도면은 다음과 같다. 태양광에너지를 전기에너지로 변화하는 PV 모듈과 BUCK 컨버터로 구성된다. PV 모듈에서 전압과 전류를 측정하여 전력을 계산하여 일사량 변동에 대하여 MPPT를 수행한다. MPPT에서 나오는 전압을 이용하여 PWM을 통해 BUCK 컨버터를 제어한다. MPPT 제어방법은 하드웨어적인 분류 방식으로 아날로그, 디지털 방식이 있으며 PO와 IC 및 CV 방법이 있다. 하지만 우리는 P&O 방식만을 다루도록 한다. MPPT 제어방법은 일사량과 표면온도의 변화에 영향을 받는 태양전지의 MPPT를 추종하여 전압 값으로 출력된다. MPPT는 동일 일사량에서 발생되는 전력이 출력전압에 따라 변하기 때문에 MPPT에서 발전하지 못하여 태양전지의 발전효율이 저하되고 손실이 발생된다. 따라서 일사량 조건과 부하조전의 변화에 따라 최적의 동작전압을 추종하는 MPPT 제어가 필요하다.The configuration diagram of the solar power generation system for maximum power point tracking control is as follows. It is composed of PV modules and BUCK converters that convert solar energy into electrical energy. In the PV module, the voltage and current are measured and the power is calculated, and MPPT is performed for the fluctuation of insolation. The voltage from MPPT is used to control the BUCK converter through PWM. MPPT control method is a hardware classification method, there are analog and digital methods, and there are PO, IC and CV methods. However, we will only deal with the P&O method. The MPPT control method follows the MPPT of the solar cell that is affected by the change in the amount of insolation and the surface temperature, and outputs it as a voltage value. In MPPT, since the power generated by the same amount of insolation changes according to the output voltage, power generation efficiency of the solar cell is degraded and loss occurs because MPPT cannot generate power. Therefore, it is necessary to control the MPPT to follow the optimal operating voltage according to the insolation condition and the change in load control.

P&O(Perturbation and Observation) P&O 방법은 주기적으로 태양전지 전압과 전류를 측정하여 전력을 계산한 후 전력 값을 이용하여 MPP를 추적하는 방법이다. 제어가 비교적 간단하며 만족할만한 MPPT 성능을 얻을 수 있다는 장점으로 태양광 발전시스템에 많이 사용되고 있다. 그러나 PO 방법은 제어에 있어서 일사량 변동 등의 파라미터 변화에 대한 장점과 단점을 가지고 있다.P&O (Perturbation and Observation) The P&O method is a method of periodically measuring the voltage and current of a solar cell to calculate power, and then tracking the MPP using the power value. It is widely used in solar power generation systems because of its relatively simple control and the advantage of obtaining satisfactory MPPT performance. However, the PO method has advantages and disadvantages in terms of parameter changes such as fluctuations in insolation in control.

이제 이 두 가지를 합쳐서 PO MPPT 제어 알고리즘을 설명한다.Now, combining these two, the PO MPPT control algorithm will be described.

PO MPPT 제어 방법은 간단한 피드백 구조를 가지며 소수의 측정 파라미터를 갖기 때문에 널리 사용된다. 이는 태양전지 전압을 주기적으로 증가, 감소시킴으로써 동작하며, 이전의 교란주기 동안의 태양전지 배열 출력 전력과 함께 현재배열의 출력 전력을 비교하여 MPPT를 연속적으로 추적하며 찾는다.The PO MPPT control method is widely used because it has a simple feedback structure and a small number of measurement parameters. It operates by periodically increasing and decreasing the solar cell voltage, and continuously tracks and finds the MPPT by comparing the output power of the current array with the output power of the solar cell array during the previous disturbance period.

도 4는 다음과 같으며 실제로 적용을 했을 때 태양전지의 출력특성은 주위 온도, 습도, 태양광선의 일사량에 따라 변동하므로 최대전력 추종 (MPPT: maximum power point tracking) 알고리즘을 원활히 수행하여 발전하며 태양전지가 최소전압 (PV stop Volt)까지 도달되어 PV 발전 부를 더 이상 운전시킬 수 없을 때는 PV 발전 부를 정지시킨다. PV의 최대 생산 전압은 최대 180V로 Buck Converter를 통해 배터리 전압인 48V로 낮추어 주었다. 여기서 Buck Converter란 강압 직류-직류 변환기 이다. Buck Converter를 통해 강압된 전압은 BAT로 들어가는데 만약 BAT가 가득 찼을 경우 SOC가 100%에 도달해 충전을 멈추며 배터리 과 방전을 방지하기 위해 배터리 기동 전압 이하로 떨어지면 방전을 멈추게 된다. 배터리 충전 방식은 CC-CV모드로 충전하는데 배터리 정격 전압에 도달하기 전까지는 CC(Constant Current)모드로 충전하고 그 이후 만 충전상태가 되기까지는 CV(Constant Voltage)모드로 운전을 한다.4 is as follows, and when applied in practice, the output characteristics of the solar cell fluctuate according to the ambient temperature, humidity, and the amount of solar radiation. When the battery reaches the minimum voltage (PV stop Volt) and the PV generator cannot be operated any more, the PV generator is stopped. The maximum production voltage of PV was reduced to 48V, which is the battery voltage, through a buck converter to a maximum of 180V. Here, the buck converter is a step-down DC-DC converter. The voltage stepped down through the buck converter enters the BAT. If the BAT is full, the SOC reaches 100% and stops charging, and when the voltage falls below the starting voltage of the battery to prevent over-discharge, the discharge stops. The battery charging method is charged in CC-CV mode, and it is charged in CC (Constant Current) mode until it reaches the rated voltage of the battery, and operates in CV (Constant Voltage) mode until the battery is in a charging state.

도6의 UI디자인은 사용자가 최대한 보기 쉽게 디자인 하였으며 일반인의 디자인은 다음과 같다.The UI design of FIG. 6 is designed to be as easy to see as possible for the user, and the design of the general public is as follows.

App을 통해 총 5가지의 ESS의 상태 및 변화를 보여주고자 한다. I want to show the status and changes of a total of 5 ESSs through the app.

1. 전력량은 나가고 들어가는 양을 수치화가 아니라 더 이해도를 높이기 위해 우리가 사용하는 돈으로 표현하면 더 좋을 것 같다는 의견이 나왔다.1. There was an opinion that it would be better to express the amount of electricity going out and going in as money we use to improve understanding rather than quantification.

2. 배터리 현재 상태는 휴대폰의 배터리처럼 모양을 만들어서 게이지화하고 1~100%까지를 표현하자는 의견이 나왔다. 배터리가 풀 충전 시 알람이나 진동이 울리게 한다.2. The current state of the battery was made into a shape like a battery in a mobile phone, gauged, and an opinion came out to express 1~100%. When the battery is fully charged, it causes an alarm or vibration to sound.

3. 태양광 현재 전압 전류는 태양이 지평선에서 뜨고 지는 모양으로 표현하자는 의견이 나왔다.3. It was suggested that the current voltage and current of sunlight should be expressed in the form of the sun rising and setting on the horizon.

4. 한전에서 전력을 받는 것을 표현하기 위한 전력 수치를 추가하자는 의견이 나왔다.4. There was an opinion to add a power figure to express the power received from KEPCO.

본 발명에서는 보기 쉽게 일반인과 전문가를 나누었으며 전문가의 디자인은 도 7과 같다. In the present invention, the general person and the expert are easily divided, and the design of the expert is shown in FIG.

IoT의 취약점인 해킹을 염려하여 보안을 추가하였다. We added security because we were concerned about hacking, a vulnerability of IoT.

각 제품의 대한 도면Drawings for each product

Claims (1)

BUCK CONVERTER를 통한 P&O제어,FLY-BACK CONVERTER를 통한 양방향 전력변환 기술, Unfolding 회로를 통한 인버터 기술P&O control through BUCK CONVERTER, bidirectional power conversion technology through FLY-BACK CONVERTER, inverter technology through unfolding circuit
KR1020190136999A 2019-10-30 2019-10-30 Safe home hybrid ESS KR20210051562A (en)

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