KR20210035734A - Multi-function commutator for millimeter-wave range - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to radio engineering and, more specifically, to a high-frequency rectifier. A technical effect is to allow a millimeter-wave rectifier to operate at both a single port switching mode in which the total input power should be supplied to only one of output ports and a power distribution mode in which input power should be distributed between the output ports, wherein the millimeter-wave rectifier reduces loss at a high frequency and simplifies the implementation of a printed circuit board.

Description

Multi-function rectifier for millimeter wave range{MULTI-FUNCTION COMMUTATOR FOR MILLIMETER-WAVE RANGE}

The present disclosure relates to radio engineering, and more particularly, to a high-frequency rectifier.

Currently, millimeter wave networks and devices such as 5G and 6G, WiGig, and automotive radar are being actively developed. The emergence of these new applications in the millimeter wave range has led to new kinds of elements and circuits (active elements, antennas, printed circuit boards, feeders and switching devices) within electronic devices. ) Development is required.

In particular, for many applications (e.g., transmission/reception switching, reconfigurable antenna, control of polarization), the rectifier is a key because it can switch the signal propagation channel. It is a component.

However, conventional millimeter wave rectifiers can only operate in single pole double throw (SPDT) mode, where the input signal is delivered to only one of the output ports (from the primary state to the primary port, and from the secondary state to the secondary port). have. On the other hand, in light of the above application, there is a need to create a millimeter wave rectifier having not only these two modes, but also a divider mode in which signals are transmitted to both ports at the same time. Implementing both types of modes in one rectifier expands the possibilities of use, for example to create antennas with controllable beamwidth and gain and devices with controlled polarization.

For example, in radar, switching of signals in the same transmission channel between two antennas is generally used to select between a middle range (MR) and short range (SR) mode, in which case the first antenna is It is for MR and the second antenna may be for SR. This requires additional space for the second antenna, and these two antennas can only be used in a time division mode (TDM). Therefore, through the implementation of a multi-mode rectifier, a single reconfigurable antenna can be used and the space required for the antenna can be reduced.

In addition, as the frequency increases, the cost of such devices increases considerably, so in the prior art there is a need to create a simple and inexpensive millimeter wave rectifier with excellent performance.

For example, a feeding device for a smart antenna according to US 8,441,964 B2 (05/14/2013) is used to output a feeding signal to two antennas. The switching circuit performs a switching operation to control the electrical connection of the power divider according to the control signal. The device can distribute input power between vertical polarization (VP) antennas, horizontal polarization (HP) antennas, or antennas that simultaneously provide circular polarization (CP). However, the device may not be suitable for high frequency applications due to the complex feeder, multiple lumped elements and multiple of switching elements.

An optically-controlled switch according to US 2019/0086763 A1 (09/12/2018) is a printed circuit board (PCB) comprising an upper layer and a lower layer. ) And a dielectric layer between the upper and lower layers, a plurality of vias electrically connected to the upper and lower layers and located in at least two rows, electrically connected to the lower layer and in the dielectric gap. A shunt via separated from the upper layer by means of a shunt via, and a photoconductive semiconductor element electrically connected to the upper layer and the shunt via, wherein the photoconductive element comprises a dielectric state and a conductor state ( Conductor state), and an electromagnetic wave provided to the optical control switch is propagated or blocked through a waveguide formed between at least two rows. However, the above solution can only implement switch mode.

The present disclosure is directed to providing a high frequency rectifier capable of operating in both SPDT switch mode and power distribution mode.

A multi-mode rectifier according to an embodiment includes an input port; A first output port; A second output port; A first output arm comprising a first switching element with one end connected to the first output port and the other end connected to a branch point and shorted in a second mode. output arm); A second output arm including a second switching element having one end connected to the second output port and the other end connected to the branch point and shorted in a first mode; And one end is connected to the input port and the other end is connected to the branch point, and discontinuity in the transmission line in the form of a matching element to change the impedance of the input arm in the distribution mode. ) The input arm comprising a third switching element configured to introduce a).

At this time, the first switching element is configured to be grounded and short-circuited to change the impedance of the first output arm in the second mode in which the entire power is transmitted to the second output arm, and the second switching element, In the first mode in which the total power is transmitted to the first output arm, it may be configured to be grounded and short-circuited to change the impedance of the second output arm.

In this case, the matching element is a reactive resistance caused by a mismatch of the output arm in the distribution mode and a sign that is opposite and the magnitude is equal. It can have purely reactive resistance.

In this case, the input arm includes a transmission line segment connected to the input port and the matching element _{and having an impedance Z in} , and the first output arm and the second output arm are each connected in series with two A transmission line segment, wherein the first switching element has one end of the first switching element connected to a connection point of the two transmission line segments of the first output arm, and the other end of the first switching element is grounded. And the second switching element has one end of the second switching element connected to a connection point of two transmission line segments of the second output arm, and the other end of the second switching element to ground, , The transmission line segment between the connection point of the first switching element and the branch point has an impedance Z _λ/4 and an electrical length corresponding to 1/4 (λ/4) of the wavelength of the signal passing through the rectifier. And, the transmission line segment between the connection point of the second switching element and the branch point has an impedance Z _λ/4 and an electrical length corresponding to 1/4 (λ/4) of a wavelength of a signal passing through the rectifier. The transmission line segment between the connection point of the first switching element and the branch point, and the transmission line segment between the connection point of the second switching element and the branch point may have an impedance equal to _{Z in.}

At this time, all the transmission line segments are made based on a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW), and each of the first and second switching elements is electrically connected to a lower wall of the SIW, and A shunt via separated from the upper wall of the SIW by a gap, a light flux completely covering the dielectric gap and electrically connected to the shunt via through the upper wall of the SIW. ) Controlled by a photoconductive element, wherein the matching element is a hole having a diameter of less than λ/4 in the upper wall of the SIW near the branch point, and the second 3 The switching element comprises the hole electrically connected to the upper wall of the SIW and completely covered with a photoconductive element controlled by a light flux, and the impedance Z _λ/4 may be equal to Z _in.

At this time, the multi-mode rectifier includes at least one additional output port; And an additional switching element having one end connected to the additional output port and the other end connected to the branch point, and configured to change the impedance of the additional output arm.

A multi-mode rectifier according to another embodiment includes an input port; A first output port; A second output port; A first output arm including a first switching element having one end connected to the first output port and the other end connected to a branch point and shorted in a second mode; A second output arm including a second switching element having one end connected to the second output port and the other end connected to the branch point and shorted in a first mode; And a third end connected to the input port and the other end connected to the branch point, and configured to introduce discontinuities to the transmission line in the form of a matching circuit to change the impedance of the input arm in the distribution mode. And said input arm comprising a switching element.

In this case, the first switching element is configured to be grounded and short-circuited to change the impedance of the first output arm in the second mode in which the entire power is transmitted to the second output arm, and the second switching element is In the first mode in which the entire power is transmitted to the first output arm, it may be configured to be shorted by grounding in order to change the impedance of the second output arm.

In this case, the matching circuit may have a pure reactive resistance having the same size and opposite to the reactive resistance caused by the mismatch of the output arm in the distribution mode.

In this case, the input arm includes a transmission line segment connected to the input port and the matching circuit _{and having an impedance Z in} , and the first output arm and the second output arm each include two serially connected transmission line segments. Wherein, the first switching element has one end of the first switching element connected to a connection point of two transmission line segments of the first output arm, the other end of the first switching element is connected to ground, and the In the second switching element, one end of the second switching element is connected to a connection point of two transmission line segments of the second output arm, the other end of the second switching element is connected to ground, and the first switching The transmission line segment between the connection point of the element and the branch point has an impedance Z _λ/4 and an electrical length corresponding to 1/4 (λ/4) of a wavelength of a signal passing through the rectifier, and The transmission line segment between the connection point and the branch point has an impedance Z _λ/4 and an electrical length corresponding to 1/4 (λ/4) of a wavelength of a signal passing through the rectifier, and the connection point of the first switching element and The transmission line segment between the branch points and the transmission line segment between the connection point of the second switching element and the branch point may have an impedance equal to _{Z in.}

의 전기 길이를 갖는 전송 라인 세그먼트; 및 2.8Z_in의 임피던스와 약 0.113

의 전기 길이를 갖는 마이크로 스트립 스터브(microstrip stub)를 포함하고, 상기 매칭 회로의 전송 라인 세그먼트는 한쪽 말단이 상기 입력 암의 전송 라인 세그먼트에 연결되고, 다른 쪽 말단이 상기 분기점에 연결되고, 상기 매칭 회로의 마이크로 스트립 스터브는 한쪽 말단이 상기 입력 암의 전송 라인 세그먼트에 연결되고, 다른 쪽 말단이 상기 제3 스위칭 요소에 연결되고, 상기 제3 스위칭 요소의 다른 쪽 말단은 지면에 연결되고, 상기 임피던스 Z_λ/4는 1.2 Z_in과 같을 수 있다.At this time, all the transmission line segments are made based on a microstrip line, the first switching element and the second switching element are made in the form of a gap of the microstrip line, and the first switching The edge of each of the element and the second switching element is interconnected by a photoconductive element controlled by a light flux, and the matching circuit has _{an impedance of Z in} and about 0.13

A transmission line segment having an electrical length of; And an impedance of _{2.8Z in and about 0.113}

And a microstrip stub having an electrical length of, wherein one end of the transmission line segment of the matching circuit is connected to the transmission line segment of the input arm, the other end is connected to the branch point, and the matching The microstrip stub of the circuit has one end connected to the transmission line segment of the input arm, the other end connected to the third switching element, the other end of the third switching element connected to the ground, and the impedance Z _λ/4 can be equal to 1.2 Z _in.

At this time, the multi-mode rectifier includes at least one additional output port; And an additional switching element having one end connected to the additional output port and the other end connected to the branch point, and configured to change the impedance of the additional output arm.

A multi-throw rectifier according to an embodiment includes an input port; N output ports; N output arms; And one end is connected to the input port and the other end is connected to the branch point, and to introduce a discontinuity in the transmission line in the form of a matching element or matching circuit to change the impedance of the input arm in the distribution mode. The input arm comprising a configured third switching element, each of the N output arms being connected at one end to a corresponding output port and at the other end to the branch point and changing the impedance of the corresponding output arm. And a first switching element for, wherein N may be a positive integer greater than or equal to 3.

In this case, the first switching element may be configured to be grounded and short-circuited in order to change the impedance of a corresponding output arm in a mode in which the entire power is transmitted to another output arm.

In this case, the matching element or the matching circuit may have a pure reactive resistance having the same magnitude and opposite sign to a reactive resistance caused by a mismatch of the output arm in the distribution mode.

In this case, the input arm includes a transmission line segment connected to the input port and the matching element or the matching circuit _{and having an impedance Z in} , and each of the N output arms includes two serially connected transmission line segments, , The first switching element has one end of the first switching element connected to a connection point of two transmission line segments of a corresponding output arm, the other end of the first switching element is connected to ground, and the first The transmission line segment between the connection point of the switching element and the branch point has an impedance Z _λ/4 and an electrical length corresponding to 1/4 (λ/4) of a wavelength of a signal passing through the rectifier, and the first switching element The transmission line segment between the connection point of and the branch point may have the same impedance as _{Z in.}

At this time, all the transmission line segments are made based on the substrate integrated waveguide, and each of the first switching elements is electrically connected to the lower wall of the SIW and separated from the upper wall of the SIW by a dielectric gap, the dielectric gap. A photoconductive element that completely covers and is controlled by a light flux electrically connected to the shunt via through the upper wall of the SIW, wherein the matching element is less than λ/4 at the upper wall of the SIW near the branch point. A hole having a diameter, the third switching element comprising the hole electrically connected to the upper wall of the SIW and completely covered with a photoconductive element controlled by a light flux, the impedance Z _λ/4 being Z _in and It can be the same.

At this time, all the transmission line segments are made based on the microstrip line, the first switching element is made in the shape of a gap of the microstrip line, and the edge of the first switching element is on the light conductive element controlled by the light flux Interconnected by _{a transmission line segment having an impedance of Z in} and an electrical length of about 0.13λ; And _{a microstrip stub having an impedance of 2.8Z in} and an electric length of about 0.113λ, wherein one end of the transmission line segment of the matching circuit is connected to the transmission line segment of the input arm, and the other end is the branch point. And the microstrip stub of the matching circuit has one end connected to the transmission line segment of the input arm, the other end connected to the third switching element, and the other end of the third switching element is ground Is connected to, and the impedance Z _λ/4 may be equal to 1.2 Z _in.

A multi-mode rectifier according to another embodiment includes an input port; A first output port; A second output port; The first output arm including a first switching element having one end connected to the first output port and the other end connected to a branch point, and configured to change the impedance of the first output arm; The second output arm including a second switching element having one end connected to the second output port and the other end connected to a branch point, and configured to change the impedance of the second output arm; And a third switching element having an end of the input arm connected to the input port and the branch point and configured to change an impedance of the input arm, wherein the first switching element and the second switching element Is configured to be shorted to ground to change the impedance of the corresponding output arm in a mode in which the entire power is transmitted to another output arm, and the third switching element is a matching element or a matching element to change the impedance of the input arm in the distribution mode It is configured to introduce discontinuity to the transmission line in the form of a matching circuit, and the matching element or the matching circuit is a pure reaction resistance having the same magnitude and opposite reaction resistance as a reaction resistance caused by a mismatch of the output arm in the distribution mode. Have.

1 shows a rectifier based on SIW according to an embodiment.
Figures 2a-2b show the structure of an optical switching element located on the output arm of a rectifier based on SIW.
3A-3B show the structure of a matching switching element located on the input arm of the rectifier based on the SIW.
Figures 4a-4b show the principle of operation and equivalent circuit of the rectifier in the mode of transferring full power to port 1.
Figures 5a-5b show the principle of operation and equivalent circuit of the rectifier in the distribution mode.
6 shows the electromagnetic field distribution in the region of the matching switching element in the distribution mode.
7A-7B show the dependence of the impedance of the input port and the reflection coefficient on the size of the matching hole and the distance from the branch point.
8A-8B show simulation results of S-parameters of a multi-mode rectifier at a frequency of 79 GHz ± 3 GHz.
9A shows a conventional two-antenna radar.
9B shows a single antenna radar using a rectifier according to an embodiment.
10A-10C illustrate an example of radiation polarization control using a rectifier according to an embodiment.
11A-11C illustrate an example of antenna pattern control in a base station using a rectifier according to an embodiment.
12 shows a multi-throw rectifier according to one embodiment.
13A-13B illustrate a microstrip based rectifier according to an embodiment.

Hereinafter, embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, since various changes may be made to the embodiments, the scope of the patent application is not limited or limited by these embodiments. It is to be understood that all changes, equivalents, or substitutes to the embodiments are included in the scope of the rights.

The terms used in the examples are used for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting. Singular expressions include plural expressions unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In the present specification, terms such as "comprise" or "have" are intended to designate the presence of features, numbers, steps, actions, components, parts, or combinations thereof described in the specification, but one or more other features. It is to be understood that the presence or addition of elements or numbers, steps, actions, components, parts, or combinations thereof does not preclude in advance.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the embodiment belongs. Terms as defined in a commonly used dictionary should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with the meaning in the context of the related technology, and should not be interpreted as an ideal or excessively formal meaning unless explicitly defined in the present application. Does not.

In addition, in the description with reference to the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals are assigned to the same components regardless of the reference numerals, and redundant descriptions thereof will be omitted. In describing the embodiments, when it is determined that a detailed description of related known technologies may unnecessarily obscure the subject matter of the embodiments, the detailed description thereof will be omitted.

In addition, in describing the constituent elements of the embodiment, terms such as first, second, A, B, (a), and (b) may be used. These terms are for distinguishing the constituent element from other constituent elements, and the nature, order, or order of the constituent element is not limited by the term. When a component is described as being "connected", "coupled" or "connected" to another component, the component may be directly connected or connected to that other component, but another component between each component It should be understood that may be “connected”, “coupled” or “connected”.

Components included in one embodiment and components including common functions will be described using the same name in other embodiments. Unless otherwise stated, the description in one embodiment may be applied to other embodiments, and a detailed description will be omitted in the overlapping range.

A multi-throw multi-mode commutator for operation in the millimeter-wave range (eg, greater than 40 GHz) is generally disclosed herein.

SIW's SPDT rectifier

1 shows a rectifier having the following three modes according to an embodiment. A first mode in which an input signal arrives only at a first output port, a second mode in which an input signal arrives only at a second output port, and a distribution mode in which an input signal arrives at both output ports.

The rectifier 100 shown in FIG. 1 has two output ports 1 and 2 and one input port 3 and is based on a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) 4. The first output arm of the rectifier 100 has its end connected to a first output port 1 and a branch point and comprises a first switching element 5-1. The second output arm of the rectifier 100 has its end connected to a second output port 2 and a branch point and comprises a second switching element 5-2. The input arm includes a matching element 5-3 (hereinafter generally referred to as a switching element 5-3) whose end is connected to the input port 3 and controlled with a branch point. In this embodiment, all three elements 5-1, 5-2, and 5-3 are made in the form of an optical switching element based on a photoconductive element (PE). In this case, the control signal for the switching element is a light flux, which is supplied to them from light sources 7-1, 7-2, 7-3 such as LEDs or laser diodes. The light source may be a separate component or may be part of the rectifier 100. Each switching element is configured to change the impedance of the corresponding arm located during activation/deactivation (ON/OFF), as described in more detail herein below.

The general principle of manufacturing the switching element based on the control of the light-conducting element (PE) and the light flux from the light source is known to the person skilled in the art and is not described in detail in this document. Similarly, a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is a well-known structure and the design principle is not described in detail in this document.

As described above, in the present embodiment, all three switching elements are based on a printed circuit board, such as a semiconductor photoconductive element based on silicon, gallium-indium arsenic, etc. It is made in the form of an optical switching element based on a conductive element (PE). The photoconductive element has at least two states. That is, when there is no control light flux, an insulator state (OFF state) having low intrinsic electrical conductivity and a conductor state (ON state) having relatively high electrical conductivity when the control light flux is present.

In this embodiment, as the switching elements 5-1 and 5-2, conventional optical switching elements may be used, and as shown in Figs. 2A-2B, the upper layer 11 and the lower layer ( A printed circuit board (PCB) comprising a lower layer) 13 and a dielectric layer 12 between the upper layer 11 and the lower layer 13, which is used to form a transmission line. The outer wall via 14 is electrically connected to the lower layer 13 (i.e. the lower wall of the SIW 4) and is connected to the upper layer 11 (i.e., the lower wall of the SIW 4) by a dielectric gap 9. The shunt via 10 is separated from the upper wall), and is located on the upper layer 11 of the printed circuit board and completely covers the dielectric gap 9 and is electrically connected to the shunt via 10 and the upper layer 11 of the circuit board. It comprises a photoconductive element 8 connected in a manner.

3A-3B, the matching switching element 5-3 is a hole with a radius Rh completely covered by the photoconductive element 8 connected to the upper layer 11 of the printed circuit board. As (15), it is located near the branch point (Dh distance from the branch point). In the following description, it may be referred to as a matching hole.

Further, as for the operating principle and equivalent circuit of the rectifier 100, mode 1 is shown in Figs. 4A-4B, and the distribution mode is shown in Figs. 5A-5B. The transmission line segment 410 at the first output arm between the branch point and the connection point of the switching element 5-1 corresponds to the impedance Z _λ/4 and 1/4 of the wavelength of the signal passing through the rectifier (λ/4). Has an electrical length. The transmission line segment 420 at the second output arm between the connection point and the branch point of the switching element 5-2 also has an impedance Z _λ/4 and an electric length λ/4. The switching elements 5-1 and 5-2 can be considered to be connected to one end of the transmission line segment at the corresponding output arm and the other to ground. The transmission line segment 411 at the first output arm between the connection point of the switching element 5-1 and the output port 1 has an impedance Z1. The transmission line segment 421 at the second output arm between the connection point of the switching element 5-2 and the output port 2 has an impedance Z2. The transmission line segment 430 at the input arm between the connection point of the input port 3 and the switching element 5-3 _{has an impedance Z in} matched with each output port, for this purpose in this embodiment Z _λ/4 , Z1 and Z2 are defined the same as _{Z in.} The switching element 5-3 in this case can be regarded as having one end connected to the end of the transmission line segment 430 in the input arm and the other end connected to the branch point. Activation of each switching element changes the impedance of that arm. Accordingly, all conditions for the SPDT mode when it is necessary to output the entire input signal to one output port and the distribution mode when the signal must be distributed between the output ports are implemented.

In SPDT mode, the switching element of the desired output port is deactivated and the switching element of the other output arm and the switching element of the input arm must be in the active state. For example, in mode 1 shown in Fig. 4, light is provided to the light switching element 5-2 of the second arm, and the light conductive element is in a conductor state (ON), i.e., the switching element 5-2 is It is shorted to ground, and at this point the impedance is zero. Thus, the other end of the quarter-wave transmission line segment 420 at the second arm connected to the switching element 5-2 has infinite impedance. That is, it is open mode or R = ∞ at the branch point. At the same time, no light is provided to the light switching element 5-1, and the light conductive element is in a dielectric state (OFF). That is, no discontinuity occurs in the first output arm. Light is provided to the optical switching element 5-3, its photoconductive element is in a conductor state (ON), and the matching hole of the switching element 5-3 is the upper layer of the printed circuit board (i.e. the printed circuit board ) Is completely shorted and the entire field is inside the SIW, so it is not a disturbance to the wave. That is, no discontinuity occurs in the input arm.

Thus, in mode 1, half the power of the electromagnetic wave supplied to the input port 3 passes through the first arm from the branch point, and then when there is no discontinuity in the line (the switching element 5-1 is deactivated). And when the input ports match) the load is completely delivered to the first output port (1). As a result, the other half of the electromagnetic wave power passes through the transmission line segment 420 of the second arm from the branch point and is reflected from zero impedance at the connection point of the switching element 5-2, and then returns to the branch point to the first part of the wave. Add in-phase and pass to the first output port (1). Similarly, in mode 2 (not shown) the distribution is performed so that the switching elements 5-1 and 5-3 are activated, and the switching element 5-2 is deactivated. Accordingly, in mode 1, the total power is transferred to the first output port 1, and in mode 2, the total power is transferred to the second output port 2 without return loss.

In the case of the distribution mode (Figs. 5A-5B), all three switching elements must be disabled. In this case, no discontinuity occurs in the output arm, and the wave travels to two output arms with the same wave impedance Z1 and Z2, the sum of which is not equal to _{Z in.} In other words, because the reflected wave is generated, inconsistency occurs. The load resistance is equal to the _load Z = Z _in / 2, may be represented by Z _load = jL + Z offset _in the portion at the branch point. Here, jL represents the reactive resistance due to mismatch.

On the other hand, since no light is provided to the light switching element 5-3, the light conductive element 8 is in a dielectric state (OFF), and the matching of the matching hole 15 in the upper wall 11 of the SIW 4 At a certain size, the electromagnetic field goes out through this hole, but the wave is deformed, and when the hole 15 is not large (diameter <λ/4) (Fig. 6), it is not radiated. This results in _{a form of resistance (especially inductive) resistance such as Z PM} =-jL, i.e. a discontinuity in the transmission line where the impedance of the input arm changes. When this wave is in the counter phase, an additional reflected wave is generated that compensates for the reflected wave caused by the aforementioned mismatch of the output arm. For complete compensation (i.e., perfect match), the reactive resistance modulo of the input arm must be equal to jL as the reactive resistance modulo due to the mismatch of the output arm. Thus, in the divider state, due to full matching, the total power is evenly distributed between the first output port 1 and the second output port 2.

In addition, FIGS. 7A-7B show the dependence of the impedance and reflection coefficient of the input port on the _{size (R h} ) of the matching hole made in the matching switching element (5-3) and the distance from the branch point (D _{h ).} do. The presented graph is obtained as a result of simulating the parameters of the output port for different radii of the matching hole (R _h ) and distance from the branch point (D _{h ).} In particular, when R _h = 0 (ie, there is no hole), there is no match in the distribution mode, and the reflection is -8dB. As can be seen from Figs. 7A-7B, the optimal combination of test samples (shown by an asterisk) is a radius R _h = 0.375 mm and a distance D _h = 0.7 mm, where the input port impedance and reflection coefficient are minimized.

-3dB) 로 전달되고 제2 출력 포트(2) 및 입력 포트(3)에는 신호가 없다(S32

-25dB, S33 <-15dB). 분배 모드에서 전체 신호는 제1 출력 포트(1)과 제2 출력 포트(2) 사이에 균등하게 분배되며(S31

-4 dB, S32

-4 dB), 입력 포트(3)에 반사된 신호는 없습니다 (S33 <- 18dB).8A-8B show simulation results of S-parameters of a multi-mode rectifier at a frequency of 79 GHz ± 3 GHz. That is, FIG. 8A shows a graph of the wave reflection coefficient from the input port to the input port 3 (S33) in mode 1 and distribution mode, and FIG. 8B is a first output port (1) (S31) from the input port in mode 1 and distribution mode. ) And a graph of the transmission coefficient to the second output port (2) (S32). As can be seen from the graph, in mode 1, the entire signal is the first output port (1) (S31

-3dB) and there is no signal at the second output port (2) and input port (3) (S32

-25dB, S33 <-15dB). In the distribution mode, the entire signal is evenly distributed between the first output port (1) and the second output port (2) (S31

-4 dB, S32

-4 dB), no signal is reflected at the input port (3) (S33 <- 18 dB).

To aid in understanding, the principle of operation of the proposed rectifier is summarized in the following table.

Mode \ element Port 1 Port 2 Switch 5-1 Switch 5-2 Matching switch 5-3 Distribution -3 dB -3 dB OFF OFF OFF One 0 dB - OFF ON ON 2 - 0 dB ON OFF ON

Accordingly, the rectifier 100 can operate in both a mode in which an input port transmits total input power to one output port (1 or 2) and a distribution mode in which input power is simultaneously distributed to both ports. Moreover, even at high frequencies, the rectifier 100 has low loss and is not affected by interference from external components. Minimizing the number of components provides cost savings and the ability to integrate into small devices. As a result, the structural simplification of the multimode rectifier provides high performance in terms of losses and operating frequencies used compared to conventional solutions for the millimeter wave range.

The solution can implement antenna arrays and phased antenna arrays, beamforming functions for radiation polarization control (VP; HP; CP), as well as provide additional functionality for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antennas.

For example, FIGS. 9A-9B are diagrams schematically illustrating a method of maintaining performance and maintaining functions with a switch between range modes while reducing the number of antennas of a radar due to multi-mode. In particular, in the conventional conventional radar shown in Fig. 9A, in order to switch between the middle range (MR) and short range (SR) modes, a signal is switched from the same transmission channel between the two antennas. . In this case, the first is MR, and the second is SR. This requires additional space for the second antenna, and these two antennas can only be used in a time division mode (TDM) mode. In contrast, using the proposed multi-mode rectifier, it is possible to reduce the space required for the antenna by partially or completely using the same antenna array (Fig. 9B) depending on the selected mode. For example, in mode 1, only the left portion of the antenna array that is substantially the same as the conventional radar array 1 operates, and in the distribution mode, both portions of the same antenna array as the conventional radar array 2 operate.

Further, Figures 10A-10C show how radiation polarization can be controlled due to multiple modes. For example, the first output port of the rectifier can be loaded directly to the radiator 1010 (e.g., a patch radiator), and the second output port is the same radiator 1010 with a -90° phase shifter. ) Can be loaded through (1020). In mode 1, full power is provided to the radiator 1010 through the first output port 1 and vertical polarization is realized. In mode 2, the total power is transferred to the radiator 1010 through a second output port 2 with a -90° phase shift 1020 and horizontal polarization is realized. In the distribution mode, the power passes evenly through the radiator 1010 through the first output port 1 without phase shift, and through the second output port 2 with a -90° phase shift 1020. polarization) is realized.

11A-11C show how it is possible to control the radiation pattern at the base station due to the multi-mode.

11A shows a base station comprising four antennas 201-204 evenly spaced on a circle. Power is provided to the antenna through a power divider having 1 input and 4 outputs, arranged according to a traditional binary circuit, and each node of the power divider may be a rectifier 101-103 proposed in the embodiments. When these rectifiers operate in the power divider mode, the signal is provided equally to all four antennas and an omnidirectional radiation pattern is realized.

Figure 11b shows the same base station with the same power divider, but in this case the rectifier in the node of the power divider operates in the SPDT mode, in particular the rectifiers 101 and 103 operate in mode 1. The signal is provided only to the antenna 201, and a narrow radiation pattern produced only by this antenna is realized. Similarly, by controlling the SPDT mode at the switch, it is possible to obtain a scenario where only the antennas 202, 203 or 204 radiate.

Figure 11c shows the same base station with the same power divider, but in this case at least one rectifier operates in the power distribution mode and at least one rectifier operates in the SPDT mode. In particular, rectifier 101 operates in mode 2, rectifier 102 operates in mode 1, and rectifier 103 operates in power distribution mode. The signal is provided only to the antennas 202 and 203, and the corresponding radiation pattern produced by these antennas is realized. Similarly, if you enable SPDT mode on some rectifiers and power distribution mode on other rectifiers, you can get a scenario where two antennas (or three if necessary) radiate simultaneously.

Multi-throw commutator

Although only a single pole double throw (SPDT) rectifier has been described above, it should be noted that the embodiments are not limited to the ability to output signals in only two channels. Accordingly, in addition to FIG. 12, another embodiment of the rectifier 1200 in which the rectifier 1200 includes N output ports is shown. When the rectifier operates in single pole multi throw (SPnT) mode, signals from the input ports can be transmitted individually. Each of the input and output arms of the rectifier 1200 is arranged in the same manner as the input and output arms of the rectifier 100 described above. The more arms the rectifier contains, the more difficult it is to achieve matching over a wide frequency band. That is, the operating frequency band of the rectifier 1200 will decrease as the number of N increases.

Microstrip line-based SPDT commutator

In addition, it should be noted that the above disclosure describes an embodiment on which the SIW and SIW-based optical switching elements are based. However, embodiments are not limited to this implementation, and other embodiments are possible. For example, further FIGS. 13A-13B show another embodiment in which the proposed rectifier 1300 is implemented on the micro strip line 1301.

In particular, all transmission line segments of the rectifier 1300 are made on the microstrip line 1301. The transmission line segment 1310 at the first output arm between the connection point and the branch point of the switching element 5-1 has an impedance Z _λ/4 =1.2Z _in and a wave of the signal passing through the rectifier 1300 approximately 1/4 It has an electric length corresponding to (λ/4, 92°). The transmission line segment 1320 at the second output arm between the connection point and the branch point of the switching element 5-2 also has an impedance Z _λ/4 =1.2Z _in and an electrical length of approximately λ/4 (92°). . The switching elements 5-1 and 5-2 are connected at one end to the end of the transmission line segment at the corresponding output arm, and the other end to ground. A connection point and an output port (1) the transmission line segment (1311) in the first output arm between the switching element (5-1) has an impedance Z1 = Z _in. A connection point and an output port (2), the transmission line segment (1321) in the second output arm between the switching element (5-2) has an impedance Z2 = Z _in.

In another embodiment, the role of the matching hole is performed by a matching circuit, which is also implemented on the microstrip line 1301. The transmission line segment 1330 at the input arm between the input port 3 and the matching circuit _{has an impedance Z in} matched with each output port, and for this purpose, in this embodiment, Z1 and Z2 are set equal to _{Z in.} do. Matching circuit microstrip stub having an electrical length of the transmission line segments 1340 and _stub impedance Z = 2,8Z _in and around 0.13λ (46 °) having the electric length of the impedance Z _in and around 0.13λ (46 °) 1341, one end of the transmission line segment 1340 is connected to the corresponding transmission line segment 1330 of the input arm, the other end of the transmission line segment 1340 is connected to the branch point, and the microstrip One end of the stub 1341 is connected to the corresponding transmission line segment 1330 of the input arm and the other end of the microstrip stub 1341 is connected to the switching element 5-3. In order to provide matching with the switching element 5-3, in this case one end of the switching element 5-3 is connected to ground and the other end to the stub of the mentioned matching circuit.

The switching element in this case may be any suitable switch such as a PIN diode, a MEMS element and/or an optical switching element. For example, in order to increase the miniaturization, they can be implemented on the basis of a photoconductive element, that is to say a gap in the microstrip line that is completely covered by a photoconductive element to which a control light flux is provided.

Activation of each switching element changes the impedance of that arm. Accordingly, both the conditions of the SPDT mode in which all input signals must be output to one output port and the distribution mode in which signals are distributed between the output ports are realized. The embodiment of the proposed rectifier 1300 on the microstrip line 1301 is inexpensive similar to the SIW, but has a dimension compared to the above commutator 100 based on the SIW due to the fact that a matching circuit is used here instead of a simple matching hole. Slightly bigger. Thus, embodiments based on microstrip lines in cases where specific implementation requirements hinder the availability of SIWs or when microstrip lines have already been used in other parts of the device, e.g. feeder paths. It is preferable to apply.

Transmission line segments can be made in a straight shape, a rounded shape, meander shape, and any other shape suitable for a particular application.

Transmission line segments can also be based on coplanar waveguides, grounded coplanar waveguides, lumped inductive and capacitive elements.

The rectifier 1300 may be selectively implemented as a multi-throw rectifier in FIG. 12.

The rectifier according to an embodiment is an electronic device that requires control by an RF signal, for example, for future standard 5G, 6G mobile communication networks in the millimeter wave range, for other sensors, for electronic devices for Wi-Fi networks. It can be used for devices, for wireless power transmission, for smart home systems and other millimeter wave adaptive intelligent systems, for car navigation, for Internet of Things (IoT), for wireless power charging, and the like.

For example, in a 5G network, it may be convenient to use the proposed rectifier as part of an antenna array of a base station to control antenna pattern and beam scanning. In another example, the rectifier is an antenna or a switch between radar range modes (e.g. between long, medium and short range modes), for changing radar resolution, for beam scanning, for longitudinal/cross-sectional planes. An application for switching between antenna modes in the (longitudinal/transverse plane) can be found for switching between different antennas located at the other end of the device and many other applications.

In this description, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of each of the listed items. Elements mentioned in the singular do not exclude plural elements unless otherwise specified.

The functionality of the elements specified in the description or the functionality of the claim as a single element can be actually implemented through several components of the device, and vice versa, the functionality of the elements specified in the description or claim is actually implemented by one component as a plurality of separate elements. Can be implemented.

In one embodiment, the elements/units of the present rectifier are disposed in a common housing, disposed on the same frame/structure/printed circuit board, structurally mounted (assembled) and functionally connected to each other through a communication line. A communication line or channel is a conventional communication line that does not require creative effort in material implementation, unless otherwise specified. The communication line may be a wired line, a set of wires, a bus, a route, or a wireless communication link (induction, radio frequency, infrared, ultrasonic, etc.). Communication protocols over a communication link are known in the art and are not disclosed separately.

The functional relationship of elements should be understood as a connection that provides the correct cooperation between these elements and embodies specific functions of the elements. A specific example of a functional relationship may be a connection that provides the exchange of information, a connection that provides the transmission of current, a connection that provides the transmission of mechanical motion, a connection that provides the transmission of light, sound, electromagnetic or mechanical vibration, and the like. The specific form of functional relationship is determined by the nature of the interaction of the elements and, unless otherwise specified, is provided by known means using principles known in the art.

Structural embodiments of the components of the present device are known to those skilled in the art, and are not separately described in the specification unless otherwise specified. The elements of the device can be made of any suitable material. These components can only be manufactured using known methods including for example machining and lost-wax casting. Assembly, connection and other operations in accordance with the above description also correspond to the knowledge of a person skilled in the art and will not be described in further detail here.

As described above, although the embodiments have been described by the limited drawings, a person of ordinary skill in the art can apply various technical modifications and variations based on the above. For example, the described techniques are performed in a different order from the described method, and/or components such as systems, structures, devices, circuits, etc. described are combined or combined in a form different from the described method, or other components Alternatively, even if substituted or substituted by an equivalent, an appropriate result can be achieved.

Therefore, other implementations, other embodiments, and those equivalent to the claims also fall within the scope of the claims to be described later.

Claims (19)

Input port;
A first output port;
A second output port;
A first output arm comprising a first switching element with one end connected to the first output port and the other end connected to a branch point and shorted in a second mode. output arm);
A second output arm including a second switching element having one end connected to the second output port and the other end connected to the branch point and shorted in a first mode; And
One end is connected to the input port and the other end is connected to the branch point, and discontinuity in the transmission line in the form of a matching element to change the impedance of the input arm in the distribution mode. The input arm comprising a third switching element configured to introduce
Multi-mode rectifier comprising a.
The method of claim 1,
The first switching element,
In the second mode in which the entire power is transmitted to the second output arm, it is configured to be grounded and short-circuited to change the impedance of the first output arm,
The second switching element,
In the first mode of transmitting the total power to the first output arm, the second output arm is configured to be shorted to ground in order to change the impedance.
Multimode rectifier.
The method of claim 1,
The matching element,
In the distribution mode, the reactive resistance caused by the mismatch of the output arm and the sign are opposite and the magnitude is equal. resistance)
Multimode rectifier.
The method of claim 1,
The input arm,
A transmission line segment connected to the input port and the matching element _{and having an impedance Z in,}
The first output arm and the second output arm,
Each contains two serially connected transmission line segments,
The first switching element,
One end of the first switching element is connected to a connection point of the two transmission line segments of the first output arm, and the other end of the first switching element is connected to ground,
The second switching element,
One end of the second switching element is connected to a connection point of the two transmission line segments of the second output arm, and the other end of the second switching element is connected to ground,
The transmission line segment between the connection point of the first switching element and the branch point has an impedance Z _λ/4 and an electrical length corresponding to 1/4 (λ/4) of the wavelength of the signal passing through the rectifier. have,
The transmission line segment between the connection point of the second switching element and the branch point has an impedance Z _λ/4 and an electrical length corresponding to 1/4 (λ/4) of a wavelength of a signal passing through the rectifier,
The transmission line segment between the connection point of the first switching element and the branch point, and the transmission line segment between the connection point of the second switching element and the branch point have an impedance equal to _{Z in}
Multimode rectifier.
The method of claim 4,
All transmission line segments,
It is made based on a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW),
Each of the first and second switching elements is electrically connected to the lower wall of the SIW and separated from the upper wall of the SIW by a dielectric gap. ), a photoconductive element that completely covers the dielectric gap and is controlled by a light flux electrically connected to the shunt via through the upper wall of the SIW,
The matching element,
A hole with a diameter of less than λ/4 in the upper wall of the SIW near the fork,
The third switching element,
The hole electrically connected to the upper wall of the SIW and completely covered with a photoconductive element controlled by a light flux,
The impedance Z _λ/4 is equal to _{Z in}
Multimode rectifier.
The method of claim 1,
At least one additional output port; And
The additional output arm comprising an additional switching element, one end connected to the additional output port and the other end connected to the branch point, and configured to change the impedance of the additional output arm.
A multi-mode rectifier further comprising a.
Input port;
A first output port;
A second output port;
A first output arm including a first switching element having one end connected to the first output port and the other end connected to a branch point and shorted in a second mode;
A second output arm including a second switching element having one end connected to the second output port and the other end connected to the branch point and shorted in a first mode; And
A third switching configured to introduce discontinuities to the transmission line in the form of a matching circuit in order to change the impedance of the input arm in order to change the impedance of the input arm in the distribution mode with one end connected to the input port and the other end connected to the branch point The input arm containing the element
Multi-mode rectifier comprising a.
The method of claim 7,
The first switching element,
In the second mode in which the entire power is transmitted to the second output arm, it is configured to be grounded and short-circuited to change the impedance of the first output arm,
The second switching element,
In the first mode of transmitting the total power to the first output arm, the second output arm is configured to be shorted to ground in order to change the impedance.
Multimode rectifier.
The method of claim 7,
The matching circuit,
In the distribution mode, the reactive resistance caused by the mismatch of the output arm and the pure reactive resistance having the same magnitude and opposite in sign
Multimode rectifier.
The method of claim 7,
The input arm,
A transmission line segment connected to the input port and the matching circuit _{and having an impedance Z in,}
The first output arm and the second output arm,
Each contains two serially connected transmission line segments,
The first switching element,
One end of the first switching element is connected to a connection point of the two transmission line segments of the first output arm, and the other end of the first switching element is connected to ground,
The second switching element,
One end of the second switching element is connected to a connection point of the two transmission line segments of the second output arm, and the other end of the second switching element is connected to ground,
The transmission line segment between the connection point of the first switching element and the branch point has an impedance Z _λ/4 and an electrical length corresponding to 1/4 (λ/4) of a wavelength of a signal passing through the rectifier,
The transmission line segment between the connection point of the second switching element and the branch point has an impedance Z _λ/4 and an electrical length corresponding to 1/4 (λ/4) of a wavelength of a signal passing through the rectifier,
The transmission line segment between the connection point of the first switching element and the branch point, and the transmission line segment between the connection point of the second switching element and the branch point have an impedance equal to _{Z in}
Multimode rectifier.
The method of claim 10,
All transmission line segments,
It is made on the basis of microstrip line,
The first switching element and the second switching element,
It is made in the form of a gap of the microstrip line,
Edges of each of the first switching element and the second switching element,
Interconnected by photoconductive elements controlled by the luminous flux,
The matching circuit,
A transmission line segment having an impedance of Z _{in and an electrical length of about 0.13λ;} And
A _{microstrip stub with an impedance of 2.8Z in} and an electrical length of about 0.113λ.
Including,
The transmission line segment of the matching circuit,
One end is connected to the transmission line segment of the input arm, the other end is connected to the branch point,
The microstrip stub of the matching circuit,
One end is connected to the transmission line segment of the input arm, the other end is connected to the third switching element,
The other end of the third switching element is connected to the ground,
The impedance Z _λ/4 is equal to 1.2 Z _in
Multimode rectifier.
The method of claim 7,
At least one additional output port; And
The additional output arm comprising an additional switching element, one end connected to the additional output port and the other end connected to the branch point, and configured to change the impedance of the additional output arm.
A multi-mode rectifier further comprising a.
Input port;
N output ports;
N output arms; And
One end is connected to the input port and the other end is connected to the branch point, and configured to introduce discontinuities in the transmission line in the form of a matching element or matching circuit to change the impedance of the input arm in the distribution mode. The input arm comprising a third switching element
Including,
Each of the N output arms,
One end is connected to the corresponding output port and the other end is connected to the branch point and comprises a first switching element for changing the impedance of the corresponding output arm,
N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 3,
Multi-Throw Rectifier.
The method of claim 13,
The first switching element,
In a mode in which the entire power is transmitted to another output arm, it is configured to be shorted by grounding to change the impedance of the corresponding output arm,
Multi-Throw Rectifier.
The method of claim 13,
The matching element or the matching circuit,
In the distribution mode, the reactive resistance caused by the mismatch of the output arm and the pure reactive resistance having the same magnitude and opposite in sign
Multimode rectifier.
The method of claim 13,
The input arm,
A transmission line segment connected to the input port and the matching element or the matching circuit _{and having an impedance Z in,}
Each of the N output arms,
Each contains two serially connected transmission line segments,
The first switching element,
One end of the first switching element is connected to the connection point of the two transmission line segments of the corresponding output arm, and the other end of the first switching element is connected to ground,
The transmission line segment between the connection point of the first switching element and the branch point has an impedance Z _λ/4 and an electrical length corresponding to 1/4 (λ/4) of a wavelength of a signal passing through the rectifier,
The transmission line segment between the connection point of the first switching element and the branch point has an impedance equal to _{Z in}
Multimode rectifier.
The method of claim 16,
All transmission line segments,
It is made on the basis of the substrate integrated waveguide,
Each of the first switching elements is a shunt via electrically connected to the lower wall of the SIW and separated from the upper wall of the SIW by a dielectric gap, the shunt via completely covering the dielectric gap and electrically through the upper wall of the SIW. And a photoconductive element controlled by a light flux connected to,
The matching element,
A hole with a diameter of less than λ/4 in the upper wall of the SIW near the fork,
The third switching element,
The hole electrically connected to the upper wall of the SIW and completely covered with a photoconductive element controlled by a light flux,
The impedance Z _λ/4 is equal to _{Z in}
Multimode rectifier.
The method of claim 16,
All transmission line segments,
It is made on the basis of the micro strip line,
The first switching element,
It is made in the form of a gap in the microstrip line,
The edge of the first switching element,
Interconnected by photoconductive elements controlled by the luminous flux,
The matching circuit,
A transmission line segment having an impedance of Z _{in and an electrical length of about 0.13λ;} And
Microstrip _{stub with an impedance of 2.8Z in} and an electrical length of about 0.113λ
Including,
The transmission line segment of the matching circuit,
One end is connected to the transmission line segment of the input arm, the other end is connected to the branch point,
The microstrip stub of the matching circuit,
One end is connected to the transmission line segment of the input arm, the other end is connected to the third switching element,
The other end of the third switching element is connected to the ground,
The impedance Z _λ/4 is equal to 1.2 Z _in
Multimode rectifier.
Input port;
A first output port;
A second output port;
The first output arm including a first switching element having one end connected to the first output port and the other end connected to a branch point, and configured to change the impedance of the first output arm;
The second output arm including a second switching element having one end connected to the second output port and the other end connected to a branch point, and configured to change the impedance of the second output arm; And
The input arm including a third switching element having an end of the input arm connected to the input port and the branch point and configured to change the impedance of the input arm.
Including,
The first switching element and the second switching element are configured to be grounded and short-circuited to change the impedance of a corresponding output arm in a mode in which the entire power is transmitted to another output arm,
The third switching element is configured to introduce discontinuities to the transmission line in the form of a matching element or a matching circuit to change the impedance of the input arm in a distribution mode,
The matching element or the matching circuit has a reactive resistance caused by a mismatch of the output arm in the distribution mode and a pure reactive resistance having the same magnitude and opposite in sign.
Multimode rectifier.

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