KR20200123309A - Apparatus and method for intergrated management of multiple energy storage device - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an integrated management apparatus for a multiple energy storage device and a method thereof. The integrated management apparatus for the multiple energy storage device according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: an acquisition unit to acquire state information from an individual energy storage system (ESS) included in cooperated multiple energy storages or a distributed energy storage system (DESS); a distribution unit to distribute an output power amount of the individual ESS according to the state information of the individual ESS; a calculation unit to calculate an anchor point which cannot increase an output longer because the individual ESS becomes a maximum output point thereof corresponding to the entire output required amount of multiple ESS received from a host controller; a generator to generate a straight line equation determining an output amount by section by connecting anchor points with respect to the individual ESS; and an ordering unit to order an output amount of the individual ESS to the individual ESS corresponding to the entire output required amount of multiple ESS by section according to the straight line equation.

Description

An apparatus and method for integrated operation management of multiple energy storage devices {APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR INTERGRATED MANAGEMENT OF MULTIPLE ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE}

The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for integrated operation management of multiple energy storage devices.

Battery-based energy storage devices (energy storage systems, hereinafter referred to as ESS) are mainly combined with various battery technologies such as lead-acid or lithium-ion batteries (LiB) and redox flow batteries. It is used for various purposes, and the charge/discharge speed (C-rate) varies according to the battery characteristics.

Among them, lithium-based batteries replace some of the automatic generation control and governor free functions of the generator, and are used for frequency adjustment of the power system, and the state of charge between each energy storage device occurs. To avoid this, we use a method of adjusting the output rate according to the SOC.

Conventional methods of distributing power according to the state of charge (SOC) in energy storage devices for frequency regulation and ramp rate control have a somewhat good effect in the same capacity configuration. However, if the capacity configuration is different and the state of charge is significantly different, there is a problem that integrated control is practically impossible because some energy storage devices cannot supply more than the physically limited rated capacity, so power distribution cannot be performed normally.

In the future, in order to introduce the concept of a vehicle to grid (V2G) technology or a virtual power plant that utilizes a battery for automobiles, a plan that can flexibly manage resources in any capacity is required.

The above-described background technology is technical information possessed by the inventors for derivation of the present invention or acquired during the derivation process of the present invention, and is not necessarily known to be publicly known prior to filing the present invention.

Korean Patent Publication No. 2014-0068331

The present invention has been conceived to solve the above-described problems and/or limitations, and an object of the present invention according to an aspect is to integrate various energy storage devices distributed in various regions while being connected to a power system, as if one energy It is to control conveniently like a storage device.

An integrated operation and management apparatus for multiple energy storage devices according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an individual ESS included in an associated multiple energy storage device or a distributed energy storage system (DESS). energy storage system (ESS)); A distribution unit for distributing an output power amount of the individual ESS according to the state information of the individual ESS; A calculation unit for calculating an anchor point, which is a point at which the individual ESS reaches its maximum output point and can no longer increase its output in response to an output request amount of the entire multiple ESS received from a host controller; A generator for generating a linear equation for determining an output amount for each section by connecting anchor points for the individual ESSs; And a command unit for instructing the individual ESS to output an amount of output to be output by the individual ESS according to the linear equation for each section.

The acquisition unit may acquire the status information including the rated energy of the battery and the state of charge information of the battery calculated by the battery management unit provided inside the individual ESS, and the rated output power of the inverter provided inside the individual ESS. I can.

In the apparatus, the acquisition unit, the distribution unit, the calculation unit, the generation unit, and the command unit receive an output request amount of the host controller and adjust the output of each of the multiple ESSs to It may be provided inside an aggregator that supplies power suitable for the output demand.

In the device, the acquisition unit, the distribution unit, the calculation unit, the generation unit, and the command unit perform communication between individual ESSs and receive an output request amount of the host controller to adjust its own output. It may be provided in a power control unit provided inside the individual ESS that supplies power suitable for the output demand of the host controller.

In the device, the acquisition unit, the distribution unit, the calculation unit, the generation unit, and the command unit receive an output request amount of the host controller and adjust the output of each of the multiple ESSs and the electric vehicle battery. It may be provided inside an aggregator that supplies power suitable for the output demand of the host controller.

In the integrated operation and management method of a multiple energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention, by an acquisition unit, multiple energy storage devices or distributed energy storage devices (DESS) are Obtaining status information from an included individual ESS (energy storage system, ESS); Distributing, by a distribution unit, an output power amount of the individual ESS according to the state information of the individual ESS; Calculating an anchor point, which is a point at which the individual ESS reaches its maximum output point and can no longer increase its output in response to an output request amount of the entire multiple ESS received from a host controller; Generating, by a generator, a straight line equation for determining an output amount for each section by connecting anchor points for the individual ESSs; And instructing, by a command unit, an output amount to be output by the individual ESS to the individual ESS in response to the output request amount of the entire multiple ESS according to the linear equation for each section.

The acquiring step includes the status information including the rated energy of the battery and the state of charge information of the battery calculated by the battery management unit provided inside the individual ESS, and the rated output power of the inverter provided inside the individual ESS. It may include a step of acquiring.

In the above method, the acquisition unit, the distribution unit, the calculation unit, the generation unit, and the command unit are provided inside the aggregator to receive the output request amount of the host controller and output each of the multiple ESSs. It is possible to supply power suitable for the output demand of the host controller by adjusting.

In the above method, the acquisition unit, the distribution unit, the calculation unit, the generation unit, and the command unit are provided in a power control unit provided inside the individual ESS to perform mutual communication between the individual ESSs. By synchronizing state information, receiving an output request amount of the host controller, and adjusting its own output, power suitable for the output request amount of the host controller may be supplied.

In the above method, the acquisition unit, the distribution unit, the calculation unit, the generation unit, and the command unit are provided inside the aggregator to receive the output request amount of the host controller, and each of the multiple ESSs and electricity By adjusting the output of the vehicle battery, it is possible to supply power suitable for the output demand of the host controller.

In addition to this, another method for implementing the present invention, another system, and a computer program for executing the method may be further provided.

Other aspects, features, and advantages than those described above will become apparent from the following drawings, claims, and detailed description of the invention.

According to the embodiments, it is possible to connect to the power system at the same time regardless of the capacity and state of charge of the energy storage device, and all the energy storage devices subject to integrated control can operate in the maximum output range to satisfy 100% of the command value.

In addition, even if there is a difference in the state of charge and capacity, the energy storage device can be directly connected to the power system without a separate balancing procedure to enable plug-and-play operation.

In addition, it is possible to reduce the computational burden and communication burden of the host controller by sharing state information between energy storage devices in the affiliated group (cluster).

The effects of the present invention are not limited to those mentioned above, and other effects that are not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description.

FIG. 1 is a graph illustrating an example in which output power of an energy storage device is limited during general state of charge (SOC) balancing control.
2 is a diagram schematically illustrating an integrated operation management apparatus of a multi-energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically illustrating a piecewise-linear graph generated by using an anchor point in an energy storage device among the integrated operation management apparatus of the multiple energy storage device of FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically illustrating an energy storage device among the integrated operation management apparatus of the multiple energy storage device of FIG. 2.
FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically illustrating a system-linked multi-energy storage system including the integrated operation management apparatus of the multi-energy storage device of FIG. 2.
FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically illustrating a first cluster and a third cluster including the integrated operation management apparatus of the multiple energy storage device of FIG. 2 of FIG. 5.
FIG. 7 is a diagram schematically illustrating a second cluster including an integrated operation management apparatus of the multiple energy storage device of FIG. 2 of FIG. 5.
8 is a flowchart illustrating an integrated operation and management method of multiple energy storage devices according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Advantages and features of the present invention, and a method of achieving them will become apparent with reference to embodiments described in detail together with the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments presented below, but may be implemented in a variety of different forms, and includes all transformations, equivalents, or substitutes included in the spirit and scope of the present invention. . The embodiments presented below are provided to complete the disclosure of the present invention, and to completely inform a person of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs. In describing the present invention, when it is determined that a detailed description of a related known technology may obscure the subject matter of the present invention, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

The terms used in the present application are used only to describe specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Singular expressions include plural expressions unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In the present application, terms such as "comprise" or "have" are intended to designate the presence of features, numbers, steps, actions, components, parts, or combinations thereof described in the specification, but one or more other features. It is to be understood that the presence or addition of elements or numbers, steps, actions, components, parts, or combinations thereof, does not preclude in advance. Terms such as first and second may be used to describe various elements, but the elements should not be limited by the terms. These terms are used only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another component.

Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and in the description with reference to the accompanying drawings, identical or corresponding components are assigned the same reference numbers, and redundant descriptions thereof are omitted. I will do it.

In general, in order to control multiple energy storage devices (energy storage systems, hereinafter referred to as ESS) at the same time, recovery control to match the SOC to an equivalent level or SOC balancing control must be performed according to Equation 1 below.

은 상위 제어기(예를 들어, 도 5의 EMS(energy management system, 300)에서 지령된 총 출력 요구량을 나타내고,

는 개별 ESS의 출력량을 나타내고, 분모는 전체 ESS의 전력용량을, 분자는 개별 ESS의 전력용량을 나타낼 수 있다. 출력전력에 해당하는 값

또는

가 양수이면 방전을 의미하고, 음수이면 충전을 의미한다.In Equation 1,

Represents the total power demand commanded by the host controller (eg, EMS (energy management system, 300) of FIG. 5),

Represents the output amount of an individual ESS, the denominator represents the power capacity of the entire ESS, and the numerator represents the power capacity of an individual ESS. Value corresponding to output power

or

A positive number means discharging, and a negative number means charging.

In the case of SOC balancing control, linear control is pursued according to each SOC level, but the available output is limited by the output constraint of the device as shown in FIG. 1, and thus the maximum output of the entire system may not be utilized.

Each energy storage device must be able to supply power continuously without interruption even in different inverter capacity [kW], battery capacity [kWh], and battery charge state (SOC). When the output is not at its maximum, the output is properly distributed and the SOC Even if the power required by the power system temporarily increases even while maintaining the balance of power, the command value must be accurately followed and sufficient power must be supplied. In theory, when the SOC is not in full or full state, 100% of the output command value of the host controller is followed to increase the precision of power supply.

In the present embodiment, by efficiently dividing the power distribution ratio of individual energy storage devices for each output section required only by a simple partially linearized equation, it is possible to reduce the computational burden of the controller and reduce the amount of communication between the controllers.

FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically illustrating an integrated operation management apparatus of a multiple energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is an energy storage device among the integrated operation management apparatus of the multiple energy storage device of FIG. It is a diagram schematically illustrating a partial linear graph generated using anchor points in FIG. 2 and 3, the integrated operation management apparatus 100 includes an acquisition unit 110, a distribution unit 120, a calculation unit 130, a generation unit 140, and a command unit 150, The integrated operation management apparatus 100 may transmit and receive information with multiple ESSs 200 (first ESS to N ESSs 200_1 to 200_N). In this embodiment, the integrated operation management apparatus 100 may divide the multiple ESSs 200 into a discharge area and a charging area, and simultaneously perform a process.

] 및 배터리의 충전상태 정보(SOC: state of charge)[%]와, 제1 ESS 내지 제N ESS(200_1 내지 200_N) 각각의 내부에 구비된 양방향 인버터(도 4의 230)의 정격 출력(방전 또는 충전) 전력[

]을 포함할 수 있다. First, the discharge region will be described, and the acquisition unit 110 may acquire status information from individual ESSs included in the linked multiple ESSs 200, that is, the first ESS to N ESSs 200_1 to 200_N. Here, the status information is the rated energy of the battery calculated by the battery management unit (BMS: battery management system, 220 in FIG. 4) provided inside each of the first ESS to N ESS (200_1 to 200_N) [

] And the state of charge (SOC) [%] of the battery, and the rated output (discharge) of the bidirectional inverter (230 in FIG. 4) provided inside each of the first ESS to N ESS (200_1 to 200_N) Or charging) power[

].

) 및 제2 ESS(200_2)(

)로부터 상태정보를 취득하여 가용한 최대 방전 출력을 표시한 예를 도시하고 있으며, 제1 ESS(200_1)는 제2 ESS(200_2)보다 보유 에너지는 더 많으나, 충/방전 출력 용량이 더 낮을 수 있다. 취득부(110)는 제1 ESS(200_1) 및 제2 ESS(200_2)로부터 상태정보를 취득하여, 제1 ESS(200_1)의 정격 방전 전력[

]을

로 설정하고, 제2 ESS(200_2)의 정격 방전 전력[

]을

로 설정할 수 있다. 또한 정격 에너지와 충전 상태를 곱하면 제1 ESS(200_1) 및 제2 ESS(200_2) 각각이 보유한 에너지량[

]을 산출할 수 있다. 3A, the acquisition unit 110 includes a first ESS 200_1 (

) And the second ESS(200_2)(

) To obtain the state information and display the maximum available discharge output.The first ESS (200_1) has more energy retention than the second ESS (200_2), but the charge/discharge output capacity may be lower. have. The acquisition unit 110 acquires the status information from the first ESS (200_1) and the second ESS (200_2), and the rated discharge power of the first ESS (200_1) [

]of

And the rated discharge power of the second ESS (200_2) [

]of

Can be set to In addition, when the rated energy and the state of charge are multiplied, the amount of energy each of the first ESS (200_1) and the second ESS (200_2) [

] Can be calculated.

] 및 배터리의 충전상태 정보(SOC)의 곱일 수 있으며, 수학식 2와 같이 방전 가능한 에너지에 따라 출력 전력량을 분배할 수 있다.The distribution unit 120 may distribute an amount of output (discharge) power of each of the first ESS to N ESSs 200_1 to 200_N according to the state information of each of the first ESS to Nth ESSs 200_1 to 200_N. Here, the status information for distributing the output power is the rated energy capacity of the battery [

] And the state of charge information (SOC) of the battery. As shown in Equation 2, the amount of output power can be distributed according to the dischargeable energy.

은 상위 제어기(도 5의 EMS(300))에서 지령된 총 출력 요구량[kW]을 나타내고,

는 개별 ESS의 출력량[kW]을 나타내고,

는 개별 ESS가 현재 보유한 에너지 충전레벨[%]을 나타내고,

은 최소 에너지 충전레벨[%]을 나타내고, 분모는 전체 ESS의 방전 가능한 에너지[kWh]를, 분자는 개별 ESS의 방전 에너지[kWh]를 나타낼 수 있다.In Equation 2,

Represents the total power demand [kW] commanded by the host controller (EMS 300 in FIG. 5),

Represents the output amount [kW] of individual ESS,

Represents the energy charging level [%] currently held by the individual ESS,

Represents the minimum energy charging level [%], the denominator represents the dischargeable energy [kWh] of the entire ESS, and the numerator represents the discharge energy [kWh] of the individual ESS.

Here, since the distribution unit 120 has more energy for at least one of the first ESS to N-th ESS (200_1 to 200_N) having a larger SOC of the battery, the distributing unit 120 distributes more of the output, and the state of charge of the battery Since energy is small for at least one of the first ESS to Nth ESSs 200_1 to 200_N having smaller information SOC, less output can be distributed.

3B, the distribution unit 120 may generate a straight line with the energy ratio of the i-th ESS with respect to the total energy for SOC balancing, and at this time, the energy ratio becomes the slope of the straight line, and the higher the energy, the more the slope becomes. It can grow. From FIG. 3A, since the first ESS 200_1 has more energy retention than the second ESS 200_2, the slope is large and the output can be increased faster. Since the generated straight line is an imaginary line for predicting the saturation point in advance, it is omitted in the actual calculation process, and the anchor point can be found with the inverse function (Equation 3 below).

The calculation unit 130 corresponds to the output request amount of the entire multiple ESS 200 received from the controller (EMS 300 of FIG. 5) every preset period (for example, 4 seconds), and An anchor point (AP) of each of the Nth ESSs 200_1 to 200_N may be calculated. Here, the anchor point may indicate a point at which a certain ESS reaches its maximum output point and can no longer increase its output.

)는 하기 수학식 3과 같이 정의할 수 있다.The calculation unit 130 is the x-coordinate of the anchor point in the p-th section of the i-th ESS (

) Can be defined as in Equation 3 below.

는 개별 ESS의 최대 출력량(정격 인버터 용량)을 나타낼 수 있다.In Equation 3, i denotes the index of an individual ESS in the range of natural numbers, and p denotes a section in which the amount of discharge can be adjusted among the output quantity, and the maximum number of sections is the same as the total number of individual ESSs. If the total number is 2, p can be at most 2. If the capacity of the individual ESS is the same or the x-coordinates between anchor points overlap due to rounding or truncation of decimal points during calculation, the number of sections may be reduced, and at least one section exists in the discharge area. In addition

Can represent the maximum output amount (rated inverter capacity) of an individual ESS.

와

의 기본값은 0이되고, 이때 전체 ESS(200)의 방전 가능한 에너지 대비 i번째 ESS의 방전 가능한 에너지 비율의 역수(

)는 수학식 4와 같이 정의할 수 있다.In the case of the first section in which the amount of discharge can be adjusted among the output amount (p=1),

Wow

The default value of is 0, and at this time, the reciprocal of the ratio of the dischargeable energy of the i-th ESS to the dischargeable energy of the entire ESS 200 (

) Can be defined as in Equation 4.

]에 도달하지 않은 ESS를 지칭한다. 첫 번째 구간(p=1)에서 RDRF의 분자는 시스템 전체 방전 가능 에너지가 될 수 있다. RDRF의 분모는 i번째 ESS에서 방전 가능한 에너지로 나눈 비율이다. 첫 번째 구간에서, 제1 ESS(200_1)의 직선의 기울기가 제2 ESS(200_2)의 기울기보다 더 크므로 기울기의 역수인

은

보다 더 작다. 제1 ESS(200_1)는 제2 ESS(200_2)보다 에너지 보유량이 더 많지만, 정격 방전 전력[

]은 제1 ESS(200_1)가 제2 ESS(200_2)보다 더 작기 때문에 직선

과

이 만나는 지점이 첫 번째 앵커점이 될 수 있다.3C, the reciprocal of the discharge ratio (RDRF: reserved discharging ratio factor) disclosed in Equation 4 is the reciprocal of a virtual linear slope for SOC balancing drawn in the graph, and multiple ESSs capable of participating in SOC balancing in the corresponding section Is the ratio of the total dischargeable energy and the individual dischargeable energy. Index j to find the total amount of available energy per section has a natural number range, and the output is the maximum discharge power [

Refers to an ESS that has not reached ]. In the first section (p=1), the RDRF molecule may be the total dischargeable energy of the system. The denominator of RDRF is the ratio divided by the dischargeable energy in the ith ESS. In the first section, since the slope of the straight line of the first ESS (200_1) is larger than the slope of the second ESS (200_2),

silver

Smaller than The first ESS (200_1) has more energy retention than the second ESS (200_2), but the rated discharge power [

] Is a straight line because the first ESS (200_1) is smaller than the second ESS (200_2)

and

This meeting point can be the first anchor point.

)으로부터 y값(출력 한계)을 알고 있으므로, 역함수(

)를 통해 x좌표를 구할 수 있다(수학식 3 참조). 또한 N개의 ESS에서 N개의 x값을 구할 수 있지만, 가장 먼저 포화가 되는 지점을 찾아야 하므로 하나의 구간에서 N개의 x값 중 가장 작은 x값만 필요하다. 즉 도 3d에서

가

와 만나는 점은 무의미하다. 따라서 제1 ESS(200_1) 및 제2 ESS(200_2)의 첫 번째 앵커점은 각각 동일한 x좌표를 갖는다.Referring to FIG. 3D, an anchor point indicates a point at which an ESS reaches its maximum (minimum) output point and can no longer increase its output. Equation of a straight line (

) From the y value (output limit), so the inverse function (

) Can be used to obtain the x-coordinate (see Equation 3). In addition, N number of x values can be obtained from N number of ESSs, but since the saturation point must be found first, only the smallest x value among N x values in one section is required. That is, in Figure 3d

end

The point of meeting with is meaningless. Therefore, the first anchor points of the first ESS 200_1 and the second ESS 200_2 have the same x-coordinate, respectively.

)는 수학식 5와 같이 정의할 수 있다.The calculation unit 130 is the y coordinate of the anchor point in the p-th section of the i-th ESS (

) Can be defined as in Equation 5.

Referring to FIG. 3E, with reference to Equation 5, each x-coordinate obtained above is again substituted into the equation of each straight line to obtain the y-coordinate. Even if the x-coordinate values are the same, the y-coordinate is different because the equation of the straight line differs depending on the amount of energy held individually. Since the first ESS 200_1 has reached its maximum output, it maintains the corresponding output in the subsequent section. However, since the second ESS (200_2) has a margin of output and has not been defined in the entire x-axis command range, it continues to define the output of the next section.

Referring to FIG. 3F, a straight line is calculated again for power distribution between the remaining ESSs except for the ESS whose output is saturated. At this time, each straight line is moved in parallel by x,y by each anchor point obtained in the first section. Since the first ESS (200_1) is saturated before the second ESS (200_2), only the straight line of the second ESS (200_2) is required for the second section. The straight line calculated here is an imaginary line for predicting the saturation point in advance, so it can be omitted in the actual calculation process and the anchor point can be found with the inverse function (Equation 3).

Referring to FIG. 3G, a value where the x,y parallel-shifted straight line and the ESS maximum output limit point meet in the second section is obtained as the second anchor point. As in the previous section, x and y coordinates are obtained using Equations 3 to 5.

After finding the anchor points in all sections of the discharge region, the generator 140 may generate an equation of a straight line connecting each anchor point as shown in FIG. 3H. Since the slope of the straight line and the x,y translation values are different for each section, an equation of the straight line is required for each section.

The command unit 150 calculates the output amount to be output by each of the individual ESSs, that is, the first ESS to the N ESS (200_1 to 200_N) according to the linear equation for each section. It can be calculated together and commanded to each of the first ESS to Nth ESS (200_1 to 200_N).

를 계산하여 일치하지 않으면 오류가 있음을 알 수 있다.Referring to FIG. 3I, the output of the individual ESS corresponding to the discharge demand can be calculated by calculating the y value of each straight line (partial linear) when an input value is substituted into the corresponding x-coordinate. Also, verification of the result value

If it does not match by calculating, it can be seen that there is an error.

) 및 제2 ESS(200_2)(

)로부터 상태정보를 취득한 예를 도시하고 있으며, 제2 ESS(200_2)가 제1 ESS(200_1)보다 충전 여유가 더 많을 수 있다. 취득부(110)는 제1 ESS(200_1) 및 제2 ESS(200_2)로부터 상태정보를 취득하여, 제1 ESS(200_1)의 정격 방전 전력[

]을

로 설정하면, 최대 충전 가능 전력은

으로 둘 수 있고, 제2 ESS(200_2)의 정격 방전 전력[

]을

로 설정하면, 최대 충전 가능 전력은

로 둘 수 있다. 또한 정격 에너지(

)와 충전여유율(

)를 곱하면 제1 ESS(200_1) 및 제2 ESS(200_2) 각각의 충전 가능 에너지량(

)을 산출할 수 있다. Next, the charging area will be described, and the acquisition unit 110 may acquire status information from individual ESSs included in the linked multiple ESSs 200, that is, the first ESS to N ESSs 200_1 to 200_N. 3J, the acquisition unit 110 is a first ESS (200_1) (

) And the second ESS(200_2)(

) Is shown, and the second ESS 200_2 may have more charging margin than the first ESS 200_1. The acquisition unit 110 acquires the status information from the first ESS (200_1) and the second ESS (200_2), and the rated discharge power of the first ESS (200_1) [

]of

When set to, the maximum chargeable power is

And the rated discharge power of the second ESS (200_2) [

]of

When set to, the maximum chargeable power is

I can put it as. Also, the rated energy (

) And filling margin (

When multiplied by ), the amount of chargeable energy of each of the first ESS (200_1) and the second ESS (200_2) (

) Can be calculated.

] 및 배터리의 충전상태 정보(SOC)의 곱일 수 있으며, 상술한 수학식 2와 같이 충전 가능한 에너지에 따라 출력 전력량을 분배할 수 있다.The distribution unit 120 may distribute an amount of output (charging) power of each of the first ESS to N ESSs 200_1 to 200_N according to the state information of each of the first ESS to Nth ESSs 200_1 to 200_N. Here, the status information for distributing the output power is the rated energy capacity of the battery [

] And the state of charge information (SOC) of the battery, and the output power amount can be distributed according to the chargeable energy as in Equation 2 above.

]을 감소)시킨다. 여기서 산정하는 직선은 포화 지점을 미리 예측하기 위한 가상의 선이므로 실제 계산 과정에서는 이를 생략하고 바로 역함수(하수학식 7)로 앵커점을 찾을 수 있다.Referring to FIG. 3K, for SOC balancing, a straight line may be generated at a ratio of energy that can be charged by the i-th ESS to the total charging spare energy. At this time, the above-described charge surplus energy ratio becomes a slope of a straight line, and the slope increases as the amount of energy surplus that can be charged increases. Since the second ESS (200_2) has more rechargeable energy reserve than the first ESS (200_1), the slope is large and the charging power increases faster (output [

]). Since the calculated straight line is an imaginary line for predicting the saturation point in advance, it can be omitted in the actual calculation process and the anchor point can be found with the inverse function (Equation 7).

)는 하기 수학식 7과 같이 정의할 수 있다.The calculation unit 130 corresponds to the output request amount of the entire multiple ESS 200 received from the controller (EMS 300 of FIG. 5) every preset period (for example, 4 seconds), and An anchor point (AP) of each of the Nth ESSs 200_1 to 200_N may be calculated. Here, the anchor point may indicate a point at which a certain ESS reaches its minimum output point and can no longer increase its output. The calculation unit 130 is the x-coordinate of the anchor point in the q-th section of the i-th ESS (

) Can be defined as in Equation 7 below.

In Equation 7, i denotes an individual ESS, and q denotes a section in which the amount of charging can be adjusted among the output quantity, and the maximum number of sections is the same as the total number of individual ESSs.For example, if the total number of individual ESSs is 2 q can be at most 2.

와

의 기본값은 0이되고, 이때 전체 ESS(200) 중에서 q번째 구간의 SOC 충전 밸런싱 가능한 총 에너지 대비 i번째 ESS의 충전 가능한 에너지 비율의 역수(

)는 수학식 8과 같이 정의할 수 있다.In the case of the first section of the output that the charging amount can be adjusted (q=1),

Wow

The default value of is 0, and at this time, the reciprocal of the ratio of the chargeable energy of the i-th ESS to the total energy available for SOC charging and balancing in the q-th section among the entire ESS 200

) Can be defined as in Equation 8.

는

보다 더 작다. 제2 ESS(200_2)는 제1 ESS(200_1)보다 에너지 충전 여유가 더 많고, 정격 전력(

)도 더 크지만, 충전 비율이 높아 먼저 최대 충전 전력 한계(

)에 도달한다. 따라서, 직선

와

가 만나는 지점이 첫 번째 앵커점이 될 수 있다.Referring to FIG. 3L, a reserved charging ratio factor (RCRF) disclosed in Equation 8 is a ratio obtained by dividing the total chargeable energy by the chargeable energy in the i-th ESS. In the first section, since the slope of the straight line of the second ESS (200_2) is greater than the slope of the first ESS (200_1),

Is

Smaller than The second ESS (200_2) has more energy charging margin than the first ESS (200_1), and the rated power (

) Is also larger, but the charging rate is higher, so first the maximum charging power limit (

). Thus, straight

Wow

The first anchor point may be the point at which is met.

)으로부터 y값(출력 한계)을 알고 있으므로, 역함수(

)를 통해 x좌표를 구할 수 있다(수학식 3 참조). 또한 N개의 ESS에서 N개의 x값을 구할 수 있지만, 가장 먼저 포화가 되는 지점을 찾아야 하므로 한 개의 구간에서 N개의 x값 중 가장 큰 x값만 필요하다. 즉 도 3m에서

가

와 만나는 점은 무의미하다. 따라서 제1 ESS(200_1) 및 제2 ESS(200_2)의 첫 번째 앵커점은 각각 동일한 x좌표를 갖는다.Referring to FIG. 3M, an anchor point indicates a point at which an ESS reaches its maximum (minimum) output point and can no longer increase its output. Equation of a straight line (

) From the y value (output limit), so the inverse function (

) Can be used to obtain the x-coordinate (see Equation 3). In addition, N number of x values can be obtained from N number of ESSs, but since the saturation point must be found first, only the largest x value among N x values in one section is required. That is, in Figure 3m

end

The point of meeting with is meaningless. Therefore, the first anchor points of the first ESS 200_1 and the second ESS 200_2 have the same x-coordinate, respectively.

)는 수학식 9와 같이 정의할 수 있다.The calculation unit 130 is the y coordinate of the anchor point in the q-th section of the i-th ESS (

) Can be defined as in Equation 9.

Referring to FIG. 3N, with reference to Equation 9, each x-coordinate obtained above is again substituted into the equation of each straight line to obtain the y-coordinate. Even if the x-coordinate values are the same, the y-coordinate is different because the equation of the straight line differs depending on the amount of energy held individually. Since the second ESS 200_2 has reached its minimum output, it maintains the corresponding output in the subsequent section. However, since the first ESS (200_1) has a margin of charging power and has not been defined in the entire x-axis command range, it continues to define the output of the next section.

Referring to FIG. 3o, a straight line is calculated again for power distribution between the remaining ESSs except for the ESS whose output is saturated. At this time, each straight line is moved in parallel by x,y by each anchor point obtained in the first section. Since the second ESS (200_2) is saturated before the first ESS (200_1), only the straight line of the first ESS (200_1) is required for the second section. The straight line calculated here is an imaginary line for predicting the saturation point in advance, so it is omitted in the actual calculation process and the anchor point can be found with the inverse function (Equation 7).

Referring to FIG. 3P, a value where the x,y-translated straight line and the ESS maximum output limit point meet in the second section are obtained as the second anchor point. As in the previous section, x and y coordinates are obtained using Equations 7 to 9.

After finding the anchor points in all sections of the charging area, the generator 140 may generate an equation of a straight line connecting each anchor point as shown in FIG. 3P. Since the slope of the straight line and the x,y translation values are different for each section, an equation of the straight line is required for each section.

The command unit 150 calculates the output amount to be output by each of the individual ESSs, that is, the first ESS to the N ESS (200_1 to 200_N) according to the linear equation for each section. It can be calculated together and commanded to each of the first ESS to Nth ESS (200_1 to 200_N).

)이 x축의 몇 번째 구간에 위치하는지 파악하여 해당 직선 방정식을 적용하여 개별 ESS 출력을 구할 수 있다. 또한 결과값의 검증은

를 계산하여 일치하지 않으면 오류가 있음을 알 수 있다.Referring to FIG. 3q, the output of the individual ESS corresponding to the charging/output value can be calculated by calculating the y value of each straight line (partial linear) when the input value is substituted into the corresponding x-coordinate. Output command value from host controller (

Individual ESS output can be obtained by grasping which section of the x-axis is located and applying the corresponding linear equation. Also, verification of the result value

If it does not match by calculating, it can be seen that there is an error.

] 또는 배터리의 충전상태 정보(SOC)가 동일한 개별 ESS가 존재할 경우 앵커점의 개수는 달라질 수 있다.If anchor points are found in all charging areas and pre-discharge areas, the generating unit 140 may obtain an equation of a straight line connecting each anchor point. Referring to FIG. 3R, anchor points of the charging and discharging areas obtained previously are grouped together and numbered (k=1, 2, ??). For N ESSs, the maximum number of anchor points is 2N ² +1 (N = total number of individual ESSs), the maximum number of sections is 2N, and the rated energy of the battery [

] Or, if there is an individual ESS with the same SOC of the battery, the number of anchor points may vary.

)이 x축의 몇 번째 구간에 위치하는지 파악하여 해당 직선 방정식을 적용하여 개별 ESS 출력을 구할 수 있다. 또한 결과값의 검증은

를 계산하여 일치하지 않으면 오류가 있음을 알 수 있다.The command unit 150 may calculate and obtain a y value of each straight line (partial linear) when the output dmf input value of the individual ESS corresponding to the total output value is substituted into the corresponding x coordinate from Equation 6. If the command signal from the host controller (eg, EMS 300 of FIG. 5) is regarded as the total output and substituted into Equation 6, the output required for the individual ESS can be obtained. All output command values (

Individual ESS output can be obtained by grasping which section of the x-axis is located and applying the corresponding linear equation. Also, verification of the result value

If it does not match by calculating, it can be seen that there is an error.

FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically illustrating an energy storage device among the integrated operation management apparatus of the multiple energy storage device of FIG. 2. Referring to FIG. 4, the ESS 200 includes a battery rack 210, a battery management system (BMS) 220, an inverter 230, and a power management system (PMS) 240. I can.

The battery rack 210 is a battery assembly configured in series and/or parallel, and is connected to the inverter 230 with a DC voltage of about 800V or more, and the unit of capacity may be Ah or kWh. Here, the battery can be charged and discharged, and a nickel-cadmium battery, a lead storage battery, a nickel metal hydride battery (NiMH), a lithium ion battery, and a lithium polymer battery It may include a rechargeable secondary battery such as (lithium polymer battery), but is not limited thereto.

The battery management unit 220 may protect the battery rack 210 by monitoring status information of the battery rack 210. For example, the battery management unit 220 may perform an overcharge protection function, an overdischarge protection function, an overcurrent protection function, an overvoltage protection function, an overheat protection function, a cell balancing function, etc. for the battery rack 210. have. In addition, the battery management unit 220 may obtain current, voltage, temperature, remaining power amount, life, and state of charge (SOC) of the battery rack 210. For example, although not shown, the battery manager 220 may measure the voltage and temperature of the battery rack 210 using sensors. When detecting that an abnormal situation such as overcharging, overdischarging, overcurrent, and high temperature has occurred in the battery rack 210, the battery manager 220 opens the charging switch and/or the discharging switch to protect the battery rack 210 can do. The battery manager 220 may output a control signal for controlling the charge switch and/or the discharge switch.

The inverter 230 may perform two functions, convert a DC voltage into an AC voltage, perform grid connection, and may serve as a valve for controlling output AC power.

The power control unit 240 communicates with the battery management unit 220 and the host controller (eg, EMS 300 of FIG. 5), and performs a system input and/or drop-off sequence operation of the inverter 230, Calculation according to a predetermined algorithm may be performed (eg, an algorithm for integrated operation management of multiple ESSs) and an output value of the inverter 230 may be indicated.

FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically illustrating a system-linked multi-energy storage system including the integrated operation management apparatus of the multi-energy storage device of FIG. 2. Referring to FIG. 5, the system-linked multi-energy storage system may include an EMS 300, a first cluster 400, a second cluster 500, and a third cluster 600.

)을 전송하고, 제1 클러스터(400) 내지 제3 클러스터(600)로부터 출력 지령값(

)에 대응하는 전력을 수신할 수 있다.EMS (300) is a host controller, the output command value according to the output request amount to the first cluster 400 to the third cluster 600 every preset period (for example, 4 seconds)

), and output command values from the first cluster 400 to the third cluster 600 (

) Can receive power corresponding to.

The first cluster 400 may include first ESS to ninth ESS (200_1 to 200_9) and a first aggregator 410. The first aggregator 410 receives the output demand of the EMS 300 and adjusts the output of each of the first ESS to the ninth ESS (200_1 to 200_9) to supply power suitable for the output demand of the EMS 300. I can. 6 shows an example in which the integrated operation management apparatus 100 is provided inside the first aggregator 410. That is, the first aggregator 410 receives status information from each of the first ESS to ninth ESS (200_1 to 200_9) in response to the output demand of the EMS 300, distributes power, and finds an anchor point. An equation of a straight line is generated, and individual output values of each of the first ESS to ninth ESS (200_1 to 200_9) can be commanded. Hereinafter, a detailed description will be omitted since it has been described above with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.

The second cluster 500 may include tenth ESS to twelfth ESS 200_10 to 200_12. Compared to the first cluster 400, the second cluster 500 is not provided with an aggregator. In the second cluster 500, the power control unit 240 provided in each of the tenth ESS to twelfth ESSs 200_10 to 200_12 may communicate with the EMS 300 and other power control units. 7 shows an example in which the integrated operation management apparatus 100 is provided in the power control unit 240. That is, the power control unit 240 provided in each of the tenth ESS to the twelfth ESS (200_10 to 200_12) is a battery rack 210, a battery management unit 220, and an inverter to supply power suitable for the output demand of the EMS 300. You can control 230. One power control unit 240 receives state information from each of the tenth ESS to twelfth ESS (200_10 to 200_12) in response to the output demand of the EMS 300, distributes power, and finds an anchor point to find an equation of a straight line. Is generated, and individual output values of each of the tenth ESS to the twelfth ESS 200_10 to 200_12 can be commanded. Hereinafter, a detailed description will be omitted since it has been described above with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.

The third cluster 600 includes a thirteenth ESS to sixteenth ESS (200_13 to 200_16), a first electric vehicle battery 200_17 and a second electric vehicle battery 200_18 using a vehicle to grid (V2G) technology, and 2 may include an aggregator 610. Compared with the first cluster 400, the third cluster 600 further includes an electric vehicle battery using V2G technology. The second aggregator 610 receives the output request amount of the EMS 300, and the thirteenth ESS to sixteenth ESS (200_13 to 200_16), the first electric vehicle battery 200_17 and the second electric vehicle battery 200_18 ) It is possible to supply power suitable for the output demand of the EMS 300 by adjusting each output. As shown in FIG. 6, the integrated operation management device 100 may be provided inside the second aggregator 610, so that the second aggregator 610 corresponds to the output request amount of the EMS 300 To the 16th ESS (200_13 to 200_16), the first electric vehicle battery (200_17) and the second electric vehicle battery (200_18) receive state information from each, distribute power, and generate an equation of a straight line by finding an anchor point In addition, individual output values of the 13th to 16th ESSs 200_13 to 200_16 and the first electric vehicle battery 200_17 and the second electric vehicle battery 200_18 may be commanded. Hereinafter, a detailed description will be omitted since it has been described above with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.

8 is a flowchart illustrating an integrated operation and management method of multiple energy storage devices according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the following description, portions overlapping with the descriptions of FIGS. 1 to 7 will be omitted.

] 및 배터리의 충전상태 정보(SOC: state of charge)[%]와, 제1 ESS 내지 제N ESS(200_1 내지 200_N) 각각의 내부에 구비된 인버터(도 4의 230)의 정격 출력(방전 또는 충전) 전력[

]을 포함할 수 있다. Referring to FIG. 8, in step S810, the integrated operation management apparatus 100 acquires status information from the individual ESSs included in the linked multiple ESSs 200, that is, the first ESS to the N ESSs 200_1 to 200_N. . Here, the status information is the rated energy of the battery calculated by the battery management unit (BMS: battery management system, 220 in FIG. 4) provided inside each of the first ESS to N ESS (200_1 to 200_N) [

] And the state of charge (SOC) [%] of the battery, and the rated output (discharge or charge) of the inverter (230 in FIG. 4) provided inside each of the first ESS to N ESS (200_1 to 200_N) Charge) power[

].

] 및 배터리의 충전상태 정보(SOC)의 곱일 수 있으며, 수학식 2와 같이 방전 가능한 에너지에 따라 출력 전력량을 분배할 수 있다. 통합 운영 관리 장치(100)는 배터리의 충전상태 정보(SOC)가 더 큰 제1 ESS 내지 제N ESS(200_1 내지 200_N) 중 하나 이상에 대하여 에너지가 많으므로 출력량을 더 많이 분배하고, 배터리의 충전상태 정보(SOC)가 더 작은 제1 ESS 내지 제N ESS(200_1 내지 200_N) 중 하나 이상에 대하여 에너지가 적으므로 출력량을 더 적게 분배할 수 있다.In step S820, the integrated operation management apparatus 100 distributes the output power amount of each of the first ESS to the N ESS (200_1 to 200_N) according to the state information of each of the first ESS to the N ESS (200_1 to 200_N). Here, the status information for distributing the output power is the rated energy capacity of the battery [

] And the state of charge information (SOC) of the battery. As shown in Equation 2, the amount of output power can be distributed according to the dischargeable energy. The integrated operation management device 100 has more energy for one or more of the first ESS to N-th ESS (200_1 to 200_N) having a larger SOC of the battery, and thus distributes more output and charges the battery. Since energy is small for at least one of the first ESS to Nth ESSs 200_1 to 200_N having smaller status information SOC, a smaller amount of output may be distributed.

] 또는 배터리의 충전상태 정보(SOC)가 동일한 개별 ESS가 존재할 경우 앵커점의 개수는 달라질 수 있다. In step S830, the integrated operation management device 100 is individually in response to the output demand of the entire multiple ESS (200) received every preset period (for example, 4 seconds) from the host controller (EMS 300 in FIG. 5) An ESS, that is, an anchor point (AP) of each of the first ESS to N ESS (200_1 to 200_N) is calculated. Here, the anchor point may indicate a point at which a certain ESS reaches its maximum output point and can no longer increase its output. In addition, anchor points can be calculated as a maximum of 2N ² +1 (N = total number of individual ESSs), and the rated energy of the battery [

] Or, if there is an individual ESS with the same SOC of the battery, the number of anchor points may vary.

In steps S840 to S860, the integrated operation management device 100 determines whether all ESSs are defined within the entire output range, and when all ESSs are not defined within the entire output range, except for the ESS that has reached the maximum output, the following After moving to the section, step S830 of distributing the output power amount of each ESS excluding the ESS that has reached the maximum output is performed.

In step S870, all ESSs are defined within the entire output range, and after finding anchor points in all sections of the discharge area and the charging area, the integrated operation management device 100 generates an equation of a straight line connecting each anchor point. . Since the slope of the straight line and the x,y translation values are different for each section, an equation of the straight line is required for each section.

In step S880, the integrated operation management device 100 is an individual ESS, that is, each of the first ESS to the N ESS (200_1 to 200_N) to be output in response to the output request amount of the multiple ESS 200 according to the linear equation for each section. The output amount is calculated, and a command is given to each of the first ESS to Nth ESS (200_1 to 200_N).

The embodiment according to the present invention described above may be implemented in the form of a computer program that can be executed through various components on a computer, and such a computer program may be recorded in a computer-readable medium. In this case, the medium is a magnetic medium such as a hard disk, a floppy disk, and a magnetic tape, an optical recording medium such as a CD-ROM and a DVD, a magneto-optical medium such as a floptical disk, and a ROM. A hardware device specially configured to store and execute program instructions, such as, RAM, flash memory, and the like.

Meanwhile, the computer program may be specially designed and configured for the present invention, or may be known and usable to those skilled in the computer software field. Examples of the computer program may include not only machine language codes produced by a compiler but also high-level language codes that can be executed by a computer using an interpreter or the like.

In the specification of the present invention (especially in the claims), the use of the term "above" and a similar reference term may correspond to both the singular and the plural. In addition, when a range is described in the present invention, the invention to which an individual value falling within the range is applied (unless otherwise stated), and each individual value constituting the range is described in the detailed description of the invention. Same as

If there is no explicit order or contradictory description of the steps constituting the method according to the present invention, the steps may be performed in a suitable order. The present invention is not necessarily limited according to the order of description of the steps. The use of all examples or illustrative terms (for example, etc.) in the present invention is merely for describing the present invention in detail, and the scope of the present invention is limited by the above examples or illustrative terms unless limited by the claims. It does not become. In addition, those skilled in the art can recognize that various modifications, combinations, and changes may be configured according to design conditions and factors within the scope of the appended claims or their equivalents.

Therefore, the spirit of the present invention is limited to the above-described embodiments and should not be determined, and all ranges equivalent to or equivalently changed from the claims to be described later as well as the claims to be described later are the scope of the spirit of the present invention. It will be said to belong to.

100: integrated operation management device
110: acquisition unit
120: distribution unit
130: calculation unit
140: generation unit
150: command
200, 200_1 to 200_N: multiple ESS, first ESS to N ESS
300: EMS
400 to 600: first cluster to third cluster

Claims (10)

An acquisition unit that acquires status information from an associated multiple energy storage device or an individual ESS (energy storage system, ESS) included in a distributed energy storage system (DESS);
A distribution unit for distributing an output power amount of the individual ESS according to the state information of the individual ESS;
A calculation unit for calculating an anchor point, which is a point at which the individual ESS reaches its maximum or minimum output point and can no longer increase its output in response to the output request amount of the entire multiple ESS received from the host controller;
A generator for generating a linear equation for determining an output amount for each section by connecting anchor points for the individual ESSs; And
Containing, an integrated operation management apparatus for a multi-energy storage device, including; a command unit for instructing the individual ESS to output an output amount to be output by the individual ESS in response to the output request amount of the entire multi-ESS according to the linear equation for each section. The method of claim 1, wherein the acquisition unit,
Multi-energy storage for acquiring the status information including the rated energy of the battery and the state of charge information of the battery calculated by the battery management unit provided inside the individual ESS, and the rated output power of the inverter provided inside the individual ESS Device's integrated operation management device. The method of claim 1,
The acquisition unit, the distribution unit, the calculation unit, the generation unit, and the command unit receive the output request amount of the host controller and adjust the output of each of the multiple ESSs to match the output request amount of the host controller. An integrated operation management apparatus for multiple energy storage devices, which is provided inside an aggregator that supplies power. The method of claim 1,
The acquisition unit, the distribution unit, the calculation unit, the generation unit, and the command unit perform communication between individual ESSs, receive an output request amount of the host controller, and adjust their output to adjust the output of the host controller. An integrated operation management apparatus for a multi-energy storage device, provided in a power control unit provided inside the individual ESS that supplies power suitable for an output demand. The method of claim 1,
The acquisition unit, the distribution unit, the calculation unit, the generation unit, and the command unit receive the output request amount of the host controller and adjust the output of each of the multiple ESSs and the electric vehicle battery to An integrated operation management device for multiple energy storage devices, provided inside an aggregator that supplies power that meets the output demand. Acquiring status information from an associated multiple energy storage device or an individual ESS (energy storage system, ESS) included in a distributed energy storage system (DESS) by the acquisition unit ;
Distributing, by a distribution unit, an output power amount of the individual ESS according to the state information of the individual ESS;
Calculating an anchor point, which is a point at which the individual ESS reaches its maximum or minimum output point and can no longer increase its output in response to the output request amount of the entire multiple ESS received from the host controller by the calculation unit. ;
Generating, by a generator, a straight line equation for determining an output amount for each section by connecting anchor points for the individual ESSs; And
Including, integration of multiple energy storage devices, comprising, by a command unit, instructing the individual ESS to output an amount of output to be output by the individual ESS in response to the output request amount of the entire multiple ESS according to the linear equation for each section Operations management method. The method of claim 6, wherein the obtaining step,
Including: acquiring the status information including the rated energy of the battery and the state of charge information of the battery calculated by the battery management unit provided inside the individual ESS, and the rated output power of the inverter provided inside the individual ESS; including; That, the integrated operation management method of multiple energy storage devices. The method of claim 6,
The acquisition unit, the distribution unit, the calculation unit, the generation unit, and the command unit are provided inside the aggregator to receive the output request amount of the host controller and adjust the output of each of the multiple ESSs. An integrated operation and management method of multiple energy storage devices that supplies power that meets the output demand of the host controller. The method of claim 6,
The acquisition unit, the distribution unit, the calculation unit, the generation unit, and the command unit are provided in the power control unit provided inside the individual ESS to perform communication between the individual ESSs and output from the host controller An integrated operation and management method of a multi-energy storage device, receiving a demand and adjusting its own output to supply power suitable for the output demand of the host controller. The method of claim 6,
Inside the aggregator, the acquisition unit, the distribution unit, the calculation unit, the generation unit, and the command unit are provided to receive the output request amount of the host controller, and each of the multiple ESSs and the electric vehicle battery An integrated operation management method of a multi-energy storage device by adjusting output to supply power suitable for the output demand of the host controller.

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