KR20200122557A

KR20200122557A - Solar photovoltaic generating system using variable array

Info

Publication number: KR20200122557A
Application number: KR1020190045375A
Authority: KR
Inventors: 이상식
Original assignee: 주식회사 광명씨앤씨
Priority date: 2019-04-18
Filing date: 2019-04-18
Publication date: 2020-10-28

Abstract

The present invention relates to a solar photovoltaic generating system using a variable array. The solar photovoltaic generating system using a variable array according to the present invention comprises: first to third arrays including a plurality of solar modules connected in series and a first stage thereof being connected with a first pole of an inverter; fourth to sixth arrays including a plurality of solar modules connected in series, a first stage thereof being connected with a second stage of the first to third arrays, and a second stage thereof being connected with a second pole of an inverter; a sensor to measure solar radiation amount or a direct current voltage applied to the inverter; and a controller to control change of connection states of the first to sixth arrays according to measured data. As described above, according to the present invention, an operation time of a solar photovoltaic generating system is increased to improve the entire use rate by changing serial and parallel combinations of a solar module array circuit. A drop of DC voltage of an array module having unstable output according to the solar radiation amount can be prevented and an increase of an open voltage of an array module can be prevented in winter. Further, a stop phenomenon of an inverter due to DC overvoltage is prevented. An MPPT control function of an inverter may be improved to increase durability of the inverter. In addition, compatibility of a solar module with an inverter is improved. An output of the inverter as a function of real time output of a module can be optimized by applying a spare module scheme.

Description

Solar power generation system using variable array {SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATING SYSTEM USING VARIABLE ARRAY}

본　발명은　태양광　발전　시스템에　관한　것으로,　보다　상세하게는　감지된　일사량　또는　인버터　인가　전압　또는　전This 　invention is 　solar power 　 power generation 　 system 　, more than 　 in detail 　 detected 　 insolation 　 or 　 inverter 　 applied 　 voltage 　 or 　

류에　따라　태양광　발전　구동　회로를　변경할　수　있는　가변　어레이를　이용한　태양광　발전　시스템에　관한　것이다.　 Solar power 　 power generation 　 driving 　 circuit 　 changeable 　 variable 　 array used 　 solar power 　 power generation 　 system

일반적으로　태양광　발전(solar　photovoltaic)이란　태양　에너지에　의한　발전　기술의　하나이다.즉,　태양의　빛 에너지를　태양광　모듈이라는　광-전　변환기를　사용하여　직접　전기　에너지로　변환시켜　이용하는　것이다.In general, 　solar 　 power generation (solar 　 photovoltaic) is one of the 　 power generation 　 technology 　 specific to the 　 solar 　 energy. That is, 　 direct conversion of 　 light energy of the 　 solar 　 module

태양광 발전은　빛을　이용하는　것이기　때문에　흐린　날이라도　밤이　아니면　발전이　가능하여　태양　에너지의　이용　효율이Because photovoltaic power generation is 　using 　　　　even on cloudy 　day 　night 　 or power generation 　 possible 　solar 　　 use of energy 　 efficiency

열　발전보다　높기는　하지만,　똑같은　태양광발전　시스템을　부하밀집지역인　도심에　설치한　것과　비도심(농촌지It is higher than heat generation, but the same 　 photovoltaic power generation 　 system is 　 installed in the 　 city center, which is a densely loaded area 　

역)에　설치한　것을　비교해보면　일사량이　비슷해도　도심에　설치한　태양광발전의　이용률이　비도심지역　보다　높다.If you compare the 　 installed in the station) 　, even if the 　 insolation is similar 　, the utilization rate of 　 installed in the city 　　 is higher than the 　 non-urban areas 　.

설치　후　변경이　불가능한　어레이　구성의　특성상　모듈　어레이의　출력전압이　인버터　최소입력전압에　못　미치면　발After installation 　　　 Impossible to change 　Array 　 Due to the characteristics of 　 configuration 　If the output voltage of the module 　 array is not 　 inverter 　 minimum input voltage 　

전을　할　수　없고,　최초　설계　시　인버터　제조사　마다　상이한　MPPT(허용입력　전압범위)를　고려하여　어레이　회로를　Unable to perform 　　　 initial 　 design 　 time 　 inverter 　 manufacturer 　 different 　 MPPT (allowable input 　 voltage range) 　 Considering 　Array circuit

아래　수학식　1에　따라　설계해야만　한다.It must be designed according to the following 　 equation 　 1 　.

인버터는　변압기형과　무변압기형으로　나뉘는데,　통상적으로　변압기형　삼상인버터의　경우,　MPPT가　210　~　450[V]Inverters are divided into 　 transformer type and 　 transformerless type. 　 Normally 　 transformer type 　 in the case of a three-phase inverter, 　MPPT is 　210　~　450[V]

또는　290　~　600[V]으로서　범위가　240에서　310정도로　좁지만　동작시작전압(Vdc)이　통상　MPPT　최저전압이고,　변압Or 　290　~　600[V], 　 range is narrow from 　240 to 　310 　, but operation start voltage (Vdc) is 　normal 　MPPT　 lowest voltage, 　 transformer

기형의　경우는,　MPPT가　200　~　800[V]로　범위가　600으로　넓지만　동작시작전압(Vdc)이　400[V]로서　MPPT　최저　전In the case of deformed 　, 　MPPT is 　200　~　800[V], the range is 　600 　 wide, but the operation start voltage (Vdc) is 　400[V] and 　MPPT　 minimum 　 before

압치와　차이가　난다.There is a difference between Apchi and 　.

변압기형　인버터의　경우　동작시작전압(Vdc)이　보통　MPPT　최저전압이라고　명시는　되어있지만,　실제　모듈　어레이Transformer type 　 In the case of inverter 　 Operation start voltage (Vdc) is 　 Normal 　 MPPT 　 Lowest voltage 　 It is specified 　, but 　 Actual 　 Module Array

출력이　인버터　MPPT　최저전압　보다　10%이상　높아야　기동이　되는　실정이다.The output is 　inverter 　MPPT 　 minimum voltage 　 more than 　 10% 　　 starting 　 actual situation.

우리나라를　비롯하여　세계의　인버터　제조사들은　MPPT　범위를　넓게　하여　태양광발전이　최대한　오랜　시간　발전할　 Inverter manufacturers in the world including Korea 　　 MPPT 　 range 　 wide　　 solar power generation 　 maximum 　 long 　 time 　

수　있도록　기술개발을　진행하고는　있지만,　인버터동작입력　전압범위를　확장은　곧,　인버터　효율　및　성능　그리고　, we are developing 　 technology to be able to 　, but 　inverter operation input 　 voltage range 　 extended 　 soon, 　 inverter 　 efficiency 　 and 　 performance 　 and

제작비용에　영향을　주기　때문에　변압기를　사용하는　인버터의　경우,　MPPT전압범위의　일정　폭은　현재　기술로는　어　In the case of 　 using a transformer 　 because 　 affects the manufacturing cost 　 period 　, the 　 constant 　 width of 　 MPPT voltage range 　 current 　 technology

느　정도　고정되어　있다고　볼　수　있다.I can see that it is 　 fixed 　　　　.

태양광발전시스템은　날씨의　영향을　가장　크게　받기　때문에　어는　한　점의,　어는　한　날짜의　어는　한　월의　발전량The photovoltaic power generation system is 　 affected by the weather 　 the most 　 received the 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 on the 　　　　 power generation

이　아닌　계절별　월별　일별로　상이한　태양광발전의　1년　평균발전량이　중요함으로,　본　발명시스템은　일년운전을Not this 　　 Seasonal 　 Monthly 　 Daily 　 Different 　 1 year 　 Average power generation of solar power generation 　 Since it is important, 　 this invention system is 　 annual operation

기준으로　알고리즘　되어있다.It is standard 　 algorithm 　.

태양광　발전　시스템에서의　설계착오는　어레이　모듈의　직.병렬조합　및　모듈과　인버터의　결합이　맞지　않아서　발생　 design error in solar power 　 power generation 　 system 　 occurs because 　array 　 module's 　direct/parallel combination 　and 　module and 　inverter 　incorrect 　

하고　있는데,　태양광발전　시스템의　가장　큰　장점　중　하나가　설치　후　유지보수에　드는　비용이　거의　없다는　것이One of the 　most 　 big advantages 　 of the 　 photovoltaic power generation 　 system 　 installation 　 after 　 maintenance 　 cost 　 almost 　 no

지만,　설치　후　25년　이상　발전이　가능한　태양광시스템에서　MPPT　제어를　할　수밖에　없는　인버터만큼은　예외이다.However, 　installation 　　 more than 25 years 　 power generation 　 possible 　 MPPT 　 control 　 in the solar system 　 has no choice but to 　　 inverters 　 exceptions.

종래　기술에　따른　태양광　발전　시스템은　인버터에　동작시작전압이　인가되면　인버터가　가동해　발전이　되다가　모The conventional 　 technology 　 solar power 　 power generation 　 system is 　When the operation start voltage is applied to the inverter 　The inverter operates 　

듈출력이　불안정(일몰직전　또는　일출직후　또는　흐린　날　또는　청명한　날　등)해져서　MPPT　보다　작거나　큰　전압이Module output becomes unstable (just before sunset 　 or 　 right after sunrise 　 or 　 cloudy 　 or 　 clear 　, etc.), and the voltage is less than 　MPPT 　

인버터에　인가되면　인버터　작동이　중지될　수　밖에　없는　한계점이　있었으며,　특히　인버터　제조사마다　상이한When applied to an inverter, the inverter will stop operating.There are only a few 　 limit points. In particular, the inverter 　 differs from manufacturer to manufacturer.

MPPT로　인해서　특정인버터가　아니면　교체할　수도　없는　문제점　또한　대두되고　있는　실정이다.Due to MPPT, 　if a specific inverter is not 　 or there is no 　 replacement 　 no problem 　 also 　 emerging 　 actual situation.

본　발명의　배경이　되는　기술은　대한민국　등록특허10-0934932호(2010.　01.　06　공고)에　기재되어　있다.The 　technology of this 　invention 　 is described in 　Korea 　 Patent No. 10-0934932 (2010.　01.　06　announcement).

따라서　본　발명이　이루고자　하는　기술적　과제는　인버터의　가동중단　없이　매일　발생하는　일몰일출　시간에도　인버Therefore, the 　this 　invention 　 aims to achieve 　　 technical 　 tasks 　 of the inverter 　 without interruption 　　 every day 　 occurring 　 sunset sunrise 　 even in time 　 inverter

터의　가동이　가능하도록　하는　가변　어레이를　이용한　태양광　발전　시스템을　제공하는　것이다.It is to provide 　solar power 　 power generation 　 system using 　 variable 　 array 　 to make it possible to operate the site.

이러한　기술적　과제를　이루기　위한　본　발명의　한　실시예에　따른　가변　어레이를　이용한　태양광　발전　시스템은,These 　technical tasks 　achieve 　 original 　 the 　 according to the 　 examples of the invention 　 variable 　 using an array 　 solar power 　 power generation 　 system,

직렬　연결된　복수의　태양광　모듈을　포함하며,　제1단이　인버터의　제1극과　연결되는　제1　내지　제3　어레이,　직렬It includes a series 　 connected 　 multiple 　 photovoltaic 　 modules 　, and the 　 1st stage 　 connected to the 　 1 pole of the inverter 　 1st to 3rd array, 　 serial

연결된　복수의　태양광　모듈을　포함하며,　제1단이　상기　제1　내지　제3　어레이의　제2단에　각각　연결되고,　제2단이It includes 　 multiple 　 photovoltaic modules 　 connected, and 　 1st stage is 　 above 　 1st to 3rd 　 of the array 　 2nd 　 each 　 connected, 　 2nd stage

상기　인버터의　제2극과　연결되는　제4　내지　제6　어레이,　일사량　또는　상기　인버터에　인가되는　직류　전압을　측정Measure the 　 4th to 6th array connected to the 　 2nd pole of the above 　 inverter, 　 insolation 　 or 　 above 　 applied 　 direct current 　 voltage 　

하기　위한　감지부,　그리고　상기　측정　데이터에　따라　상기　제1　내지　제6　어레이　사이의　연결　상태가　변경되도록According to the following 　　 detection part, 　 and 　 reminder 　 measurement 　 data 　 above 　 first 　 to 　 6 　 array 　　 connection 　 status change 　

제어하는　제어부를　포함한다.It includes a control part that controls.

상기　제어부는,　상기　측정　데이터의　값이　작을수록,　하나의　어레이　내에　직렬　연결되는　태양광　모듈의　개수가The 　 control unit, as the 　 value of the 　 above 　 measurement 　 data is 　, the number of 　 of the 　 series 　 connected in one 　 array 　

증가하도록　제어하고,　상기　측정　데이터의　값이　클수록,　병렬연결되는　어레이의　개수가　증가하도록　제어할　수　 control to increase, and the number of 　 to increase 　 to increase the number of 　 in parallel connected 　 arrays as the 　 value of the 　 measurement 　 data is 　

있다.have.

상기　측정　데이터가　제1　기준값보다　작은　경우,　상기　제어부는,　상기　인버터의　제1극,　상기　제1　어레이,　상기When the 　 measurement 　 data is 　 1 　 smaller than the reference value 　, the 　 controller 　 control unit, the 　　 inverter's 　 1 pole, 　　 1st 　 array, 　 above

제2　어레이　및　상기　인버터의　제2극을　포함하는　제1　경로,　그리고　상기　인버터의　제1극,　상기　제4　어레이,　상기2nd 　array 　 and 　above 　 containing 　 2nd pole of the inverter 　 1 　 path, 　 and 　 above 　　 1st pole of inverter, 　 above 　 4th array, 　 above

제5　어레이,　상기　제6　어레이,　상기　제3　어레이　및　상기　인버터의　제2극을　포함하는　제2　경로를　형성시킬　수　있The 5th 　 array, 　 above 　 6th 　 array, 　 above 　 3rd 　 array 　 and 　 above 　 including 　 2nd pole of inverter 　 2nd 　 path can be formed 　

다.All.

상기　측정　데이터가　상기　제1　기준값보다　크고　제2　기준값보다　작은　경우,　상기　제어부는,　상기　인버터의If the above 　 measurement 　 data is 　 above 　 first 　 reference value 　 larger 　 2 　 reference value 　 smaller 　, 　 above 　 control unit, 　 above 　

제1극,　상기　제1　어레이,　상기　제4　어레이　및　상기　인버터의　제2극을　포함하는　제3　경로,　상기　인버터의　제1극,1st pole, 　 above 　 1st ar array, 　 above 　 4th 　 array 　 and 　 above 　 including 　 2nd pole of inverter 　 3 　 path, 　 above 　　 1st pole of inverter,

상기　제2　어레이,　상기　제5　어레이　및　상기　인버터의　제2극을　포함하는　제4　경로,　그리고　상기　인버터의　제1극,The above 　 2nd 　 array, 　 above 　 5th 　 array 　 and 　 above 　 including 　 2nd pole of inverter 　 4th 　 path, 　 and 　 above 　　 1st pole of inverter,

상기　제3　어레이,　상기　제6　어레이　및　상기　인버터의　제2극을　포함하는　제5　경로를　형성시킬　수　있다.The 　 3 　 array, 　 the above 　 6 　 array 　 and 　 the 　 5 　 including the 2nd pole of the inverter can be formed.

상기　측정　데이터가　상기　제2　기준값보다　큰　경우,　상기　제어부는,　상기　인버터의　제1극,　상기　제1　어레이　및If the 　 measurement 　 data is 　 above 　 2nd 　 reference value 　 greater 　, 　 above 　 control unit, 　 above 　　 1st pole of inverter, 　 above 　 1st 　 array and

상기　인버터의　제2극을　포함하는　제6　경로,　The 6th 　 path including the 　2nd pole of the above 　 inverter,

상기　인버터의　제1극,　상기　제2　어레이　및　상기　인버터의　제2극을　포함하는　제7　경로,　상기　인버터의　제1극,　상　1st pole of the above 　 inverter, 　 above 　 2nd 　 array 　 and 　 above 　 including 　 2nd pole of inverter 　 7th path, 　 above 　　 1st pole of inverter, 　 phase

기　제3　어레이　및　상기　인버터의　제2극을　포함하는　제8　경로,　그리고　상기　인버터의　제1극,　상기　제4　어레이,　 3rd 　 array 　 and 　 above 　　 2nd pole of inverter 　 included 　 8th path, 　 and 　 above 　 1st pole of inverter, 　 above 　 4th array,

제5　어레이,　제6　어레이　및　상기　인버터의　제2극을　포함하는　제9　경로를　형성시킬　수　있다.It is possible to form the 　 9 　 path including 　 the 5th 　 array, 　 6 　 array 　 and 　 above 　 2nd pole of inverter 　.

이와　같이　본　발명에　의하면,　태양광　모듈　어레이　회로의　직병렬　조합을　가변시켜　태양광시스템의　가동시간을Like this 　　　 Invention 　, 　 solar power 　 module 　 array 　 circuit 　 serial-parallel 　 combination 　 variable 　　 operating time of solar system

늘려　전체이용률을　향상시키고,　일사량에　따라　출력이　불안정한　어레이　모듈의　DC전압의　강하를　방지하며,　겨울철　어레이　모듈의　개방전압상승을　방지한다.Increase 　 to improve the overall utilization, and 　 to prevent the increase in the open voltage of the module during the winter 　 in the winter 　 the array 　 the output is unstable 　 the array 　 module's 　 DC voltage 　 drop.

또한,　모듈　어레이　DC　과전압에　의한　인버터의　정지　현상이　발생하지　않으며,　인버터　MPPT　제어기능을　향상시켜　인버터의　내구성을　증대시킬　수　있다.Also, 　module 　array 　DC 　 does not cause 　 stop 　 phenomenon of inverter 　 due to over voltage, and 　inverter 　 MPPT 　 control function 　 improved 　 durability of inverter 　 increased 　

또한　태양광　모듈과　인버터의　호환성이　향상되며,　스페어　모듈　방식　적용으로　실시간　모듈출력　대비　인버터의　출력을　최적화　할　수　있In addition, the compatibility of the 　solar power module and the inverter is improved, and by applying the spare 　 module 　 method 　 real time 　 module output 　 contrast 　　 output of inverter can be 　 optimized 　　

다.All.

따라서　태양광발전시스템의　단점인　봄,　가을에　비해　여름,　겨울이　발전효율이　낮다는　문제점을　보완시킬　수　있Therefore, it is possible to compensate the problem that the power generation efficiency is low in the summer and winter, compared to the shortcomings of the photovoltaic power generation system in spring and autumn.

으므로　전력사용량이　폭증하는　여름과　겨울철　국가전력　수급관리에　많은　도움을　줄　수　있다.Therefore, 　 the amount of electricity used 　 exponentially increases 　 in summer and 　 winter 　 national electricity 　 supply and demand management 　 many 　 help 　 can

본　발명의　실시예에　대하여　본　발명이　속하는　기술　분야에서　통상의　지식을　About 　Examples of this 　Invention 　This 　Invention belongs 　Technology 　In the field 　Common knowledge

가진　자가　용이하게　실시할　수　있도록　상세히　설명한다.Explain in detail 　 so that the possessor 　 can easily 　 carry out 　 can 　.

그러나　본　발명은　여러　가지　상이한　형태로　구현될　수 있으며　여기에서　설명하는　실시　예에　한정되지　않는다.However, 　this 　invention 　several 　 different 　 forms 　 can be implemented 　 here 　 described 　 implementation 　 is not limited 　.

그리고　도면에서　본　발명을　명확하게　설명하기　위해서And 　To explain 　 this invention 　 clearly 　 in drawings 　

설명과　관계없는　부분은　생략하였으며,　명세서　전체를　통하여　유사한　부분에　대해서는　유사한　도면　부호를　붙였　 parts that are not related to the explanation 　 are omitted, and 　similar 　 drawings 　 symbols 　 are added for 　 throughout the specification 　

다.All.

명세서　전체에서,　어떤　부분이　다른　부분과　"연결"되어　있다고　할　때,　이는　"직접적으로　연결"되어　있는　경우뿐 아니라,　그　중간에　다른　소자를　사이에　두고　"전기적으로　연결"되어　있는　경우도　포함한다.In the specification 　, when it is said that a certain 　 part is 　 "connected" with another 　 part 　, 　 is 　 "directly connected" not only 　, but also 　 that 　 is connected between other 　 and includes electrical elements in the middle 　.

또한　어떤　부분이 어떤　구성요소를　"포함"한다고　할　때,　이는　특별히　반대되는　기재가　없는　한　다른　구성요소를　제외하는　것이　아Also, when 　some 　 part 　"contains" a certain 　 component, 　 is specially opposed 　 does not contain 　 does not contain 　 other 　 components are excluded

니라　다른　구성요소를　더　포함할　수　있는　것을　의미한다.　 means that there are 　 other 　 components 　 can contain more 　

그리고　명세서　전체에서　전압을　유지한다는　표현은　특정　2점간의　전위　차가　시간　경과에　따라　변화하여도　그　변And the 　 specification 　 the whole 　 voltage 　 is maintained 　　 specific 　　 potential 　 difference between two points 　 changes with time 　　　 changes

화가　설계상　허용될　수　있는　범위　내이거나　변화의　원인이　당업자의　설계　관행에서는　무시되고　있는　기생　성분에　의한　경우를　포함한다.Including 　 cases where the painter 　 design 　 is within the allowed 　 number 　　 range 　 or 　 cause of change 　 is neglected in the 　 design 　 practice of the person concerned 　　 parasitic 　 constituents 　.

또한　방전　전압에　비해　반도체　소자(트랜지스터,　다이오드　등)의　문턱　전압이　매우 낮으므로　문턱　전압을　0V로　간주하고　근사　처리한다.In addition, 　 threshold 　 voltage of 　 semiconductors 　 devices (transistors, diodes, etc.) is very low compared to 　discharge 　 voltage 　, so consider the 　 threshold 　 voltage as 　0V 　 approximate 　.

또한,　명세서　전체에서　설명한　스위치는　전기　회로의　개폐나　접속　상태를　변경하기　위하여　사용하는　모든　소자In addition, the 　 switch explained 　 in the 　 specification 　 is the 　 electric 　 circuit 　 open/closed 　 connection 　 change the state 　 used 　 all the elements

를　포함하며,　SCR,　GTO　사이리스터,　바이폴라　트랜지스터,　MOSFET,　IGBT　등과　같은　전력　제어용　반도체　소자를Includes 　, 　SCR, 　GTO 　 Thyristor, 　 Bipolar 　 Transistor, 　MOSFET, 　IGBT 　, etc. 　 Power 　 Control 　 Semiconductor 　

포함할　수　있다.There are 　number 　

Claims

First to third arrays comprising a plurality of solar modules connected in series, the first stage being connected to the first pole of the inverter,
A plurality of solar modules connected in series, wherein a first end is connected to a second end of the first to third array, respectively, and a second
Fourth to sixth arrays in which end is connected to the second pole of the inverter,
A sensing unit for measuring the amount of insolation or DC voltage applied to the inverter, and
The first to sixth arrays according to measurement data including the amount of insolation or DC voltage applied to the inverter
It includes a control unit that controls to change the connection state between the,
The control unit,
When the measured data is smaller than the first reference value,
A first path including a first pole of the inverter, the first array, the second array, and a second pole of the inverter, and
Of the first pole, the fourth array, the fifth array, the sixth array, the third array, and the inverter of the inverter
A solar power generation system using a variable array to form a second path including a second pole.

The method of claim 1,
The control unit,
When the measured data is larger than the first reference value and smaller than the second reference value,
A third path including a first pole of the inverter, the first array, the fourth array, and a second pole of the inverter,
A fourth path including the first pole of the inverter, the second array, the fifth array, and the second pole of the inverter, and
Forming a fifth path including the first pole of the inverter, the third array, the sixth array, and the second pole of the inverter
Solar power generation system using a variable array

The method of claim 2,
The control unit,
When the measured data is greater than the second reference value,
A sixth path including a first pole of the inverter, the first array, and a second pole of the inverter,
A seventh path including a first pole of the inverter, the second array, and a second pole of the inverter,
An eighth path including a first pole of the inverter, the third array, and a second pole of the inverter, and
A ninth path including the first pole of the inverter, the fourth array, the fifth array, the sixth array, and the second pole of the inverter
Solar power generation system using a variable array to form a.

According to claim 3
The control unit,
As the value of the measurement data decreases, the number of solar modules connected in series in one array increases.
Uh,
As the value of the measurement data increases, a variable array is used that controls the number of parallel connected arrays to increase.
One solar power system.