KR20200025723A - Apparatus and method for steering beam in wireless communication system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to steering a beam in a wireless communication system. A communication device comprises: at least one processor determining a direction of a signal and controlling a plurality of unit cells based on the determined direction; a transmission/reception part generating the signal and radiating the signal through an antenna; and a steering part including a diffraction plate in which the plurality of unit cells are disposed and forming an impedance arrangement for steering the signal in the determined direction under the control of the at least one processor, wherein the signal is steered in the direction through the diffraction plate included in the steering part and the impedance arrangement forms a plurality of slits on the diffraction plate.

Description

Apparatus and method for steering a beam in a wireless communication system {APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR STEERING BEAM IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM}

The present disclosure generally relates to a wireless communication system, and more particularly to an apparatus and method for steering a beam in a wireless communication system.

Recently, the use of circular polarization has been considered due to the rapid increase in the demand for wireless communication services and the increase in the amount of data to be transmitted. Since the circular polarization is composed of linear polarizations perpendicular to each other, data can be transmitted and received through each of the linear polarizations constituting the circular polarization at one frequency, thereby increasing the amount of data transmitted. In addition, since circular polarization is resistant to obstacles and noise, the building permeability is high and is resistant to multiple reflection interference, and thus, it is considered as a form of electromagnetic wave that can be used for wireless communication service in an urban environment.

In addition, beamforming (beamforming) or beamforming technology is used to increase communication speed and expand service area in a wireless communication system. Therefore, the signal of the circularly polarized form must also be transmitted and received by using a beamforming technique, and it may be required to control the steering of electromagnetic waves for beamforming of the circularly polarized wave. For steering of circularly polarized light, optical devices such as mechanically controlled lenses or mirrors can be utilized. Alternatively, an electrically controlled phased array antenna may be utilized for steering of circularly polarized waves.

Based on the discussion as described above, the present disclosure provides an apparatus and method for effectively steering a beam in a wireless communication system.

The present disclosure also provides an apparatus and method for steering a beam using a diffraction plate in a wireless communication system.

The present disclosure also provides an apparatus and method for steering a beam having circular polarization characteristics using a diffraction plate in a wireless communication system.

The present disclosure also provides an apparatus and method for controlling the voltage applied to the diffraction plate to form a plurality of slits on the diffraction plate in a wireless communication system.

According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a communication device in a wireless communication system may include: at least one processor configured to determine a direction of a signal and to control a plurality of unit cells based on the determined direction; And a transceiver configured to generate and radiate the signal through an antenna, and a diffraction plate on which the plurality of unit cells are arranged, and steering the signal in the determined direction under control of the at least one processor. And a steering portion for forming an impedance arrangement for driving the signal, wherein the signal is steered in the direction through the diffraction plate included in the steering portion, and the impedance arrangement includes a plurality of slits on the diffraction plate. Form them.

According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a method of operating a communication device in a wireless communication system may include determining a direction of a signal, controlling a plurality of unit cells based on the determined direction, and generating the signal. And a step of radiating the signal through an antenna, and forming a plurality of unit cells in a diffraction plate, and forming an impedance arrangement for steering the signal in the determined direction according to the control, The signal is steered in the direction through the diffraction plate and the impedance arrangement forms a plurality of slits on the diffraction plate.

According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, an apparatus and method may be configured to steer circular polarization using a diffraction plate operating in a near-field to reduce the distance from an antenna to increase the volume of the entire system. To be reduced.

An apparatus and method according to various embodiments of the present disclosure may control a beam direction with low power by steering circular polarization using a diffraction plate including a plurality of unit cells in which one varactor is disposed. do.

An apparatus and method according to various embodiments of the present disclosure may be configured to control the direction of a beam while maintaining a circularly polarized wave shape by adjusting the capacitance of the varactor to simultaneously adjust the vertical impedance and the horizontal impedance of the unit cell. do.

Effects obtained in the present disclosure are not limited to the above-mentioned effects, and other effects not mentioned above may be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description. will be.

1 illustrates a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
2 illustrates a configuration of a communication device for steering a beam in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
3 illustrates a condition for maintaining electromagnetic waves steered by a communication device in a form of circular polarization in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
Figure 4 illustrates the principle that the FZP (fresnel zone plate) steer propagation.
5 shows a configuration for determining the width of a diffraction pattern with respect to a desired beam direction in FZP.
6 is a flowchart illustrating a communication device in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
7A and 7B illustrate a structure of a unit cell in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
8 illustrates an arrangement of bias lines of a unit cell in a wireless communication system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
9 illustrates plan views of structures of a unit cell in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
10 illustrates polarities of varactors of a unit cell in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
FIG. 11 illustrates a case where an impedance of a unit cell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is impedance matched with air.
12 illustrates a case where an impedance of a unit cell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure becomes impedance mismatch with air.
FIG. 13 illustrates a reflection coefficient according to a capacitance of a varactor at an operating frequency of a unit cell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
FIG. 14 illustrates a diffractive plate of an 8 × 8 array structure composed of unit cells according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
15 illustrates an example for impedance placement of a diffraction plate including an array of unit cells according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
16 illustrates another example for impedance placement of a diffraction plate including an arrangement of unit cells according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
17 illustrates another example for impedance placement of a diffraction plate including an arrangement of unit cells according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
18A and 18B illustrate the size of unit cells for adjusting the direction of a beam according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
19A illustrates beam steering of circularly polarized waves using a diffractive plate and circularly polarized antenna according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
19B illustrates beam steering of circularly polarized waves using a diffraction plate, a linearly polarized antenna, and a circularly polarized transducer according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
20 illustrates a top face of a circular polarization converter structure according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
21 illustrates a bottom face of a circularly polarized transducer structure according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
22A is a graph illustrating a ratio of horizontal polarization and vertical polarization of circular polarization generated by a circular polarization converter according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
22B is a graph illustrating phase differences between horizontal and vertical polarizations of circular polarizations generated by circular polarization converters according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
23 is a graph illustrating a shape of a circular polarization generated by a circular polarization converter according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
24 illustrates beam steering of an exemplary circular polarization using an FZP and circular polarization transducer in accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure.
FIG. 25A is a graph illustrating magnitudes of horizontal polarization and vertical polarization of a steered circular polarization using an FZP and a circular polarization converter according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
FIG. 25B illustrates a graph comparing a shape of a circular polarization steered using a FZP and a circular polarization converter according to various embodiments of the present disclosure with a shape of a circular polarization generated by the circular polarization converter.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular example embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the scope of other embodiments. Singular expressions may include plural expressions unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms used herein, including technical or scientific terms, may have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art as described in the present disclosure. Among the terms used in the present disclosure, terms defined in the general dictionary may be interpreted as having the same or similar meaning as the meaning in the context of the related art, and ideally or excessively formal meanings are not clearly defined in the present disclosure. Not interpreted as In some cases, even if terms are defined in the present disclosure, they may not be interpreted to exclude embodiments of the present disclosure.

In various embodiments of the present disclosure described below, a hardware approach is described as an example. However, various embodiments of the present disclosure include technology that uses both hardware and software, and thus various embodiments of the present disclosure do not exclude a software-based approach.

The present disclosure relates to an apparatus and method for steering a beam in a wireless communication system. Specifically, the present disclosure describes a technique for steering a beam using a diffraction plate in a wireless communication system in a wireless communication system. Various terms used in the following description are illustrated for convenience of description. Accordingly, the present disclosure is not limited to the terms described below, and other terms having equivalent technical meanings may be used.

1 illustrates a wireless communication system 100 according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. 1 illustrates communication device A 110 and communication device B 120 as part of nodes that use a wireless channel in a wireless communication system.

Referring to FIG. 1, the communication device A 110 may transmit a signal to the communication device B 120. In other words, the communication device B 120 may receive a signal from the communication device A 110. The communication device A 110 may form a beam to transmit and receive a signal, and may transmit a signal to the communication device B 120 using the beam. In addition, the communication device A 110 may receive a signal from the communication device B 120 using a beam. The communication device A 110 may control the beam direction. For example, communication device A 110 may include a diffraction plate and control the beam direction by controlling the beam to pass through the diffraction plate. According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the diffraction plate may be a fresnel zone plate (FZP).

For example, in downlink communication, communication device A 110 may be a base station, and communication device B 120 may be a terminal. As another example, in uplink communication, the communication device A 110 may be a terminal, and the communication device B 120 may be a base station. In addition, during device to device (D2D) communication, the communication device A 110 may be a terminal, and the communication device B 120 may be another terminal. Here, the D2D communication may be referred to as sidelink communication. In addition, the communication device A 110 may be a base station, and the communication device B 120 may be another base station. In addition to the examples listed, communication device A 110 and communication device B 120 may be other various devices.

The communication device A 110 and the communication device B 120 may include at least one antenna. In other words, the communication device A 110 and the communication device B 120 may include a single antenna, and may include a plurality of antennas. According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, when each of the communication device A 110 and the communication device B 120 includes a plurality of antennas, the communication device A 110 transmits a signal through the plurality of transmission antennas, and the communication device B 120 may have a plurality of antennas. A system for receiving a signal through receive antennas of may be referred to as a 'multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) system'.

Hereinafter, in FIG. 2 to FIG. 26B, the subject of the operation is described as the communication device A 110 for convenience of description, but this is for convenience of description only, and the functions of the device are not limited by the name.

2 illustrates a configuration of a communication device for steering a beam in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. The configuration illustrated in FIG. 2 may be understood as a configuration of communication device A 110. Used below '… Wealth, The term 'herein' refers to a unit for processing at least one function or operation, which may be implemented by hardware or software, or a combination of hardware and software.

Referring to FIG. 2, the communication device may include a communication unit 210, a storage unit 220, a controller 230, an antenna 240, and a beam steering unit 250.

The communication unit 210 may perform functions for transmitting and receiving a signal through a wireless channel. For example, the communication unit 210 may perform a conversion function between a baseband signal and a bit sequence according to the physical layer standard of the system. For example, when transmitting control information, the communication unit 210 may generate modulation symbols by encoding and modulating a transmission bit string. In addition, when receiving data, the communication unit 210 may restore the received bit string by demodulating and decoding the baseband signal. In addition, the communication unit 210 may up-convert the baseband signal into a radio frequency (RF) band signal and then transmit it through the antenna 240 and downconvert the RF band signal received through the antenna 240 into the baseband signal. For example, the communication unit 210 may include a decoder, a demodulator, an analog to digital convertor (ADC), a reception filter, an amplifier, a mixer, an oscillator, and the like. In addition, when the communication unit 210 transmits a signal, the communication unit 210 may further include an encoder, a modulator, a digital to analog convertor (DAC), a transmission filter, and the like.

2 illustrates one antenna 240, which is for convenience of description, and the communication unit 210 may include a plurality of antennas. The communication unit 210 may receive a plurality of streams through each of the plurality of antennas. In addition, the communication unit 210 may include a plurality of RF chains. In addition, the communication unit 210 may perform beamforming. Beamforming may include analog beamforming and digital beamforming.

The communication unit 210 transmits and receives a signal as described above. Accordingly, all or part of the communication unit 210 may be referred to as a transmitter, a receiver, or a transceiver. In addition, in the following description, transmission and reception performed through a wireless channel are used by the communication unit 210 to mean that the above-described processing is performed.

The storage unit 220 may store data such as a basic program, an application program, and setting information for the operation of the communication device. The storage unit 220 may be configured as a volatile memory, a nonvolatile memory, or a combination of the volatile memory and the nonvolatile memory. The storage 220 may provide the stored data according to a request of the controller 230.

The controller 230 may control overall operations of the communication device. For example, the controller 230 may transmit and receive a signal through the communication unit 210. In addition, the controller 230 may write data to the storage 220 and read the data. The controller 230 may perform functions of a protocol stack required by a communication standard. To this end, the controller 230 may include at least one processor or a micro processor, or may be configured as part of a processor. The controller 230 may individually control the beam steering unit 250.

The antenna 240 may radiate electromagnetic waves to transmit a signal. Electromagnetic waves may be emitted in the form of a beam through the antenna 240. The beam radiated from the antenna 240 may be directional controlled through the beam steering unit 250. According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the antenna 240 may be a linear polarized antenna or a circular polarized antenna. When the antenna 240 is a linear polarization antenna, although not shown in FIG. 2, a circular polarization converter for converting linear polarization into circular polarization may be additionally included. In addition, when the antenna 240 is a circularly polarized antenna, the antenna 240 may radiate electromagnetic waves having a circular polarization form.

The beam steering unit 250 may change the direction of the beam incident on the beam steering unit 250. For example, the beam steering unit 250 includes a diffraction plate, and can change the direction of the beam by changing the degree of diffraction of radio waves passing through the diffraction plate. According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the diffraction plate may be FZP. In addition, the diffraction plate may include a plurality of unit cells. Each of the plurality of unit cells may have a variable impedance, and the direction of the beam incident on the beam steering unit 250 from the antenna 240 may be determined according to the impedance arrangement of each of the plurality of unit cells.

Here, when the configuration of FIG. 2 is a configuration of a base station, the communication apparatus may further include a backhaul communication unit providing an interface for performing communication with a backhaul network.

3 illustrates a condition for maintaining electromagnetic waves steered by a communication device in a form of circular polarization in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. Referring to the perspective 300 of the circular polarization, the circular polarization propagates while forming the circular trajectory 305 by the horizontal polarization 301 and the vertical polarization 303 orthogonal to each other. In addition, referring to the front view 320 of the circular polarization viewed from the x-axis front direction of the perspective 300 of the circular polarization, the condition for the electromagnetic wave to maintain the shape of the circular polarization is the axial ratio of the front shape 325 of the circular trajectory 305 AR) can be defined based on. That is, the steered electromagnetic wave must satisfy the axial ratio condition of the circularly polarized wave. The axial ratio may be expressed as in Equation 1.

는 수평 편파 301의 정면 방향 형상 321의 벡터,

는 수직 편파 303의 정면 방향 형상 323의 벡터,

는 수평 편파 301의 정면 방향 형상 321의 벡터 및 수직 편파 303의 정면 방향 형상 323의 벡터가 이루는 각도,

는 원형 편파가 FZP를 통과할 때 발생하는 수평 편파 301 및 수직 편파 303 각각의 위상 지연의 차이를 의미한다.In Equation 1, AR is the axial ratio of the front shape 325 of the circular trajectory 305,

Is a vector of frontal shape 321 of horizontal polarization 301,

Is a vector of frontal shape 323 of vertical polarization 303,

Is an angle formed by the vector of the front direction shape 321 of the horizontal polarization 301 and the vector of the front direction shape 323 of the vertical polarization 303,

Denotes the difference in phase delay of each of the horizontal polarization 301 and the vertical polarization 303 generated when the circular polarization passes through the FZP.

로 유지되어야 하며, FZP를 통과하는 수평 편파 301 및 수직 편파 303의 위상 지연은 동일해야 한다. 또한, 원형 궤적 305의 정면 방향 형상 325에 대한 축비는 임계치(예: 3db(decibel)) 이하로 유지되어야 한다.In order for the steered electromagnetic wave to maintain the shape of circular polarization, the angle between the front direction shape 321 of the horizontal polarization 301 and the front direction shape 323 of the vertical polarization 303 is

The phase delays of horizontal polarization 301 and vertical polarization 303 through FZP must be the same. In addition, the axial ratio for the front shape 325 of the circular trajectory 305 should be kept below a threshold (eg 3 db (decibel)).

만큼 회절된 후 진행한다. 회절된 전자기파들 411, 413, 415는 서로 간에 보강 간섭 또는 상쇄 간섭을 발생시키며, 보강 간섭과 상쇄 간섭에 의하여 회절 무늬가 결정된다. 이 경우, 전자기파의 조향을 원하는 방향으로 보강 간섭이 발생한다. 보강 간섭 및 상쇄 간섭에 의해 결정된 회절 무늬 420은 보강 간섭 무늬 440 및 상쇄 간섭 무늬 460을 포함한다. 보강 간섭 무늬 440 및 상쇄 간섭 무늬 460은 슬릿의 폭 또는 슬릿의 간격에 따라 조절될 수 있다. 4 shows the principle by which FZP steers the radio waves. FZP steers electromagnetic waves by using diffraction of electromagnetic waves in a near-field. Electromagnetic waves 401, 403, 405 are diffracted as they pass through plate 421 comprising a plurality of slits, each of which is angled

After diffraction, proceed. The diffracted electromagnetic waves 411, 413, and 415 generate constructive or destructive interference with each other, and the diffraction pattern is determined by the constructive and destructive interference. In this case, constructive interference occurs in a direction in which steering of electromagnetic waves is desired. The diffraction pattern 420 determined by constructive and destructive interference includes constructive and destructive interference patterns 460 and 460. The constructive interference fringe 440 and the canceling interference fringe 460 may be adjusted according to the width of the slit or the spacing of the slits.

의 방향으로 조향할 수 있다. FZP가 z 축에 대하여 각도

의 방향으로 전자기파를 조향하기 위한 회절 무늬는 보강 간섭 및 상쇄 간섭이 발생하는 영역의 길이를 결정함으로써 형성될 수 있다.5 shows a configuration for determining the width of a diffraction pattern with respect to a desired beam direction in FZP. The antenna for emitting electromagnetic waves may be spaced apart from the FZP by a distance F. The FZP forms a diffraction pattern 500 so that the electromagnetic waves emitted from the antenna are angled with respect to the z axis.

Steering in the direction of. FZP is angled about the z axis

The diffraction pattern for steering the electromagnetic wave in the direction of may be formed by determining the length of the region in which constructive and destructive interference occurs.

First, the phase from the antenna aperture for emitting electromagnetic waves to the FZP may be expressed as Equation 2.

는 안테나 개구면으로부터 FZP까지의 위상, k는 상수, x는 중심으로부터의 거리, F는 안테나 개구면과 FZP 간의 거리를 의미한다.In Equation 2,

Is the phase from the antenna aperture to FZP, k is a constant, x is the distance from the center, and F is the distance between the antenna aperture and FZP.

의 방향으로 조향하기 위하여 필요한 위상은 <수학식 3>과 같이 표현될 수 있다.Meanwhile, angle electromagnetic waves

The phase necessary to steer in the direction of may be expressed as in Equation 3.

는 전자기파를 각도

의 방향으로 조향하기 위하여 필요한 위상, k는 상수, x는 중심으로부터의 거리,

는 전자기파의 조향 각도를 의미한다.In Equation 3,

Angled electromagnetic waves

The phase required to steer in the direction of, k is a constant, x is the distance from the center

Is the steering angle of electromagnetic waves.

의 방향으로 조향하기 위하여 안테나에서 발생시켜야 하는 전자기파의 위상은 <수학식 4>와 같이 표현될 수 있다. Thus, angle electromagnetic waves

The phase of the electromagnetic wave to be generated in the antenna to steer in the direction of may be expressed as in Equation 4.

는 전자기파를 각도

의 방향으로 조향하기 위하여 안테나에서 발생시켜야 하는 전자기파의 위상,

는 전자기파를 각도

의 방향으로 조향하기 위하여 필요한 위상,

는 안테나 개구면으로부터 FZP까지의 위상을 의미한다.In Equation 4,

Angled electromagnetic waves

The phase of the electromagnetic waves that must be generated from the antenna to steer in the direction of,

Angled electromagnetic waves

Phase necessary to steer in the direction of,

Denotes the phase from the antenna aperture to the FZP.

In Equation 4, if the distance from the center is set to the center of the n-th region of the diffraction pattern 500 of the FZP, the phase of the electromagnetic wave may be expressed as Equation 5.

은 FZP 회절 무늬의 n번째 영역의 중심,

는 n번째 영역의 중심에서 전자기파를 각도

의 방향으로 조향하기 위하여 안테나에서 발생시켜야 하는 전자기파의 위상,

는 n번째 영역의 중심에서 전자기파를 각도

의 방향으로 조향하기 위하여 필요한 위상,

는 안테나 개구면으로부터 n번째 영역의 중심까지의 위상을 의미한다. 구성 520을 참고하면,

은 첫번째 영역의 중심이며,

는 두번째 영역의 중심을 의미한다.In Equation 5,

Is the center of the nth region of the FZP diffraction pattern,

Angle the electromagnetic wave from the center of the nth region

The phase of the electromagnetic waves that must be generated from the antenna to steer in the direction of,

Angle the electromagnetic wave from the center of the nth region

Phase necessary to steer in the direction of,

Denotes the phase from the antenna aperture to the center of the nth region. Referring to configuration 520,

Is the center of the first area,

Means the center of the second area.

By substituting <Equation 2> to <Equation 4> into <Equation 5>, the length of the n-th region of the FZP diffraction pattern 500 can be expressed as shown in <Equation 6>.

은 FZP 회절 무늬 500의 n번째 영역의 길이, F는 안테나 개구면과 FZP 간의 거리,

은 FZP 회절 무늬의 n번째 영역의 중심,

는 전자기파의 조향 각도, k는 상수를 의미한다. In Equation 6,

Is the length of the nth region of the FZP diffraction pattern 500, F is the distance between the antenna aperture and FZP,

Is the center of the nth region of the FZP diffraction pattern,

Is the steering angle of electromagnetic waves, k is a constant.

6 is a flowchart illustrating a communication device in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. 6 illustrates the operation of communication device A 110.

Referring to FIG. 6, in step 601, the communication device determines a direction of a beam. The direction of the beam refers to the direction of the beam passing through the FZP. For example, the communication device may determine the direction of the beam according to a relative position of another communication device (eg, communication device B 120) with respect to the communication device. As another example, the communication device may determine the beam direction according to a predetermined pattern regardless of the position of another communication device.

In step 603, the communication device may determine the impedance placement of the diffraction plate based on the determined direction of the beam. According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the diffraction plate may be FZP. For example, given a distance between the diffraction plate and the antenna, the communication device may determine the length of each of the constructive and destructive interference regions based on the distance between the diffraction plate and the antenna, the steering angle, and the center of each region constituting the diffraction pattern. You can decide. In other words, the length of each of the constructive interference and cancellation interference regions may be determined using Equation 6. The communication device may determine the impedance placement of the diffraction plate in order to cause the diffraction plate to form diffraction patterns in the constructive and destructive interference regions having a length determined by Equation (6).

In step 605, the communication device may apply a bias voltage to the diffraction plate according to the determined impedance arrangement. For example, the communication device may apply a bias voltage to each of the plurality of unit cells included in the diffraction plate according to the impedance arrangement determined in step 603 to steer the beam in the direction determined in step 601. When a signal having circular polarization characteristics is incident on the diffraction plate controlled according to the determined impedance arrangement, the signal is steered in the direction determined in step 601. That is, the communication device may transmit a signal having circular polarization characteristics in the direction determined in step 601 by generating a signal having circular polarization characteristics and passing the signal through the diffraction plate.

As described above, a diffraction plate may be used to steer a signal having circular polarization characteristics, that is, a beam. Here, the diffraction plate has a structure capable of forming the intended impedance arrangement. To this end, the diffraction plate comprises a plurality of unit cells, which may form a certain value of impedance under control. Hereinafter, a structure of a unit cell according to various embodiments will be described with reference to FIGS. 7A and 7B, 8, 9, and 10.

7A and 7B illustrate a structure of a unit cell in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 7A is a top view of the unit cell 700 and FIG. 7B is a side view of the unit cell 700. Hereinafter, the structure of one unit cell 700 will be described with reference to FIGS. 7A and 7B, but other unit cells of the diffraction plate included in the beam steering unit 250 may also have the same structure as that of the unit cell 700 described below.

Referring to FIG. 7A, the unit cell 700 is connected to the variable dielectric 701 and the electrode members 703 and 705 to which the bias voltage is applied to control the capacitance of the variable dielectric, and the bias voltage of the x-axis is applied to the electrode members 703 and 705. The conductive members 713, 717, and 723, and the conductive members 711, 715, and 721 connected to the electrode members 703 and 705 to which a bias voltage on the y-axis is applied may be included. Herein, the device including the variable dielectric 701 and the electrode members 703 and 705 may be a varactor. In addition, the variable dielectric 701, the electrode members 703 and 705, the conductive members 711, 713, 715, 717, 721, and 723 may be disposed on a printed circuit board (PCB) substrate. An element comprising the variable dielectric 701, electrode members 703 and 705 may be located in the center of the substrate of the unit cell 700, in which case the electrode members 703 and 705 are to be arranged so as not to be parallel to the edge of the at least one substrate. Can be. In other words, the electrode members 703 and 705 may be arranged to have an angle of 0 ° or more with the boundaries of the unit cell 700. That is, the element including the variable dielectric 701, the electrode members 703 and 705 is connected to the conductive member 713, which transmits the bias voltage on the x-axis, and the conductive member 711, which carries the bias voltage on the y-axis, The second electrode member 705 may be arranged to be connected to the conductive member 717 that transmits the bias voltage on the x-axis and the conductive member 715 that transmits the bias voltage on the y-axis. For example, a device including the variable dielectric 701, electrode members 703 and 705 may be disposed to be symmetric about y = x at the center of the substrate.

Conductive members 711 and 717 may be symmetrically disposed with respect to a device including variable dielectric 701, electrode members 703 and 705. In addition, the conductive members 713 and 715 may be symmetrically disposed with respect to a device including the variable dielectric 701 and the electrode members 703 and 705.

Referring to FIG. 7B, the variable dielectric 701, the electrode members 703 and 705, the conductive members 711, 713, 715, 717, 721, and 723 of the unit cell 700 may be included in different layers formed of a PCB substrate. For example, the pattern 731 including the variable dielectric 701, the electrode members 703 and 705, and the conductive members 711, 713, 715, and 717 may be included in the first layer 741. In addition, the conductive member 721 that transmits the bias voltage of the y-axis may be included in the second layer 743 and may be connected to the pattern 731 through the conductive member 733. In addition, the conductive member 723 to which the x-axis bias voltage is applied may be included in the third layer 745 and connected to the pattern 731 through the conductive member 735. The conductive members 733 and 735 may be implemented with vias.

8 illustrates an arrangement of bias lines of a unit cell in a wireless communication system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. 8 illustrates a stacked structure of the unit cell 700. In the first layer 741, a pattern 731 including a variable dielectric 701, electrode members 703 and 705, and conductive members 711, 713, 715, and 717 may be disposed. Meanwhile, conductive members 721 and 723 used as bias lines may be disposed in the second layer 743 and the third layer 745, respectively. Since the conductive members 721 and 723 include an inductance component, the conductive members 721 and 723 may be arranged to minimize the performance degradation of the unit cell due to the inductance component. For example, the conductive member 721 may be disposed to overlap the conductive members 711 and 715 on the second layer 743, and the conductive member 723 may be disposed to overlap the conductive members 713 and 717 on the third layer 745.

9 illustrates plan views of structures of a unit cell in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 9 illustrates various embodiments of a unit cell structure of a diffraction plate included in the beam steering unit 209.

Referring to FIG. 9, like the structure 900, the unit cell may have a square shape at the end of the variable dielectric 901 and the conductive member 903 connected to the variable dielectric 901 and have a symmetrical structure with respect to the variable dielectric 901. As another example, like the structure 920, the unit cell may have a variable dielectric 921 and a conductive member 923 connected to the variable dielectric 921 in a circular shape and have a symmetrical structure with respect to the variable dielectric 921. As another example, like the structure 940, the unit cell may have a symmetrical structure with respect to the variable dielectric 941 and the variable dielectric 941 and the conductive member 943 connected to the variable dielectric 941 may have two rectangular shapes.

Structures 900, 920, and 940 shown in FIG. 9 are exemplary, and unit cells of another structure may form a diffraction plate. For example, various modifications are possible to the unit cell structure of the diffraction plate such that the conductive member satisfies the symmetrical structure with respect to the variable dielectric.

10 illustrates polarities of varactors of a unit cell in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The configuration illustrated in FIG. 10 may be understood as the configuration of the unit cell 700. According to FIG. 10, the configuration including the variable dielectric 701 and the electrode members 703 and 705 disposed in the unit cell 700 may operate as the varactor 1001 which is a variable capacitance diode. For example, electrode member 703 may operate as an anode of varactor 1001 and electrode member 705 may act as a cathode of varactor 1001, but this is exemplary and electrode member 703 may be a varactor. The negative electrode of 1001 and the electrode member 705 may operate as the positive electrode of the varactor 1001.

Referring to FIG. 10, the control unit 230 applies a bias line for applying a bias voltage for adjusting capacitance of the varactor 1001 to the conductive members 721 and 723 disposed on layers different from the layer where the varactor 1001 is disposed. By using it, the vertical impedance and the horizontal impedance of the unit cell can be adjusted simultaneously.

The vertical impedance of the unit cell according to the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure may be expressed as Equation (7).

은 유닛 셀의 수직 임피던스,

은 유닛 셀의 수직 임피던스의 저항(resistance) 성분,

은 유닛 셀의 수직 임피던스의 컨덕턴스(conductance) 성분,

은 유닛 셀의 수직 임피던스의 인덕턴스 성분,

은 유닛 셀의 수직 임피던스의 커패시턴스 성분,

는 유닛 셀의 동작 주파수를 의미한다.In Equation 7,

Is the vertical impedance of the unit cell,

Is the resistance component of the vertical impedance of the unit cell,

Is the conductance component of the unit cell's vertical impedance,

Is the inductance component of the vertical impedance of the unit cell,

Is the capacitance component of the unit cell's vertical impedance,

Denotes an operating frequency of the unit cell.

Accordingly, the vertical reflection coefficient of the unit cell may be expressed as Equation (8).

은 공기에 대한 유닛 셀의 수직 반사 계수,

은 유닛 셀의 수직 임피던스,

는 공기의 임피던스를 의미한다.In Equation 8,

Is the vertical reflection coefficient of the unit cell with respect to air,

Is the vertical impedance of the unit cell,

Is the impedance of air.

In addition, the horizontal impedance of the unit cell may be expressed as Equation (9).

은 유닛 셀의 수평 임피던스,

은 유닛 셀의 수평 임피던스의 저항 성분,

은 유닛 셀의 수평 임피던스의 컨덕턴스 성분,

은 유닛 셀의 수평 임피던스의 인덕턴스 성분,

은 유닛 셀의 수평 임피던스의 커패시턴스 성분,

는 유닛 셀의 동작 주파수를 의미한다.In Equation 9,

Is the horizontal impedance of the unit cell,

Is the resistance component of the horizontal impedance of the unit cell,

Is the conductance component of the unit cell's horizontal impedance,

Is the inductance component of the horizontal impedance of the unit cell,

Is the capacitance component of the horizontal impedance of the unit cell,

Denotes an operating frequency of the unit cell.

Accordingly, the horizontal reflection coefficient of the unit cell may be expressed as in Equation 10.

은 공기에 대한 유닛 셀의 수평 반사 계수,

은 유닛 셀의 수평 임피던스,

는 공기의 임피던스를 의미한다.In Equation 10,

Is the horizontal reflection coefficient of the unit cell to air,

Is the horizontal impedance of the unit cell,

Is the impedance of air.

By controlling the diffraction plate composed of the unit cells having the above-described structure, an impedance arrangement for steering the beam can be formed. Each of the unit cells may have two or more states by a bias voltage, and the states may be classified according to impedance matching with air. Characteristics according to the states of the unit cells are as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12.

=377

으로, 공기의 임피던스

=377

와 동일한 값을 가진다. 이에 따라, <수학식 8>을 이용하여 얻어진 공기에 대한 유닛 셀의 수직 반사 계수는

=0이 된다.FIG. 11 illustrates a case where an impedance of a unit cell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is impedance matched with air. For example, electromagnetic waves 1101 are incident on the unit cell, and the capacitance of the varactor consisting of the variable dielectric 701, the electrode member 703 (for example, the anode of the diode), and the electrode member 705 (for example, the cathode of the diode) is The bias voltage may be applied such that C = C ₁ . In this case, the vertical impedance of the unit cell obtained using Equation 7 is

= 377

, Impedance of air

= 377

Has the same value as Accordingly, the vertical reflection coefficient of the unit cell with respect to air obtained by using Equation 8 is

= 0

=377

으로, 공기의 임피던스

=377

와 동일한 값을 가진다. 이에 따라, <수학식 10>을 이용하여 얻어진 공기에 대한 유닛 셀의 수평 반사 계수는

=0이 된다. 즉, 유닛 셀의 수직 임피던스 및 수평 임피던스는 공기와 임피던스 매칭이 될 수 있다. 이에 따라, 입사된 전자기파 1101은 유닛 셀을 통과하여 진행하고(전자기파 1103), 유닛 셀에서 반사되는 전자기파가 발생하지 않는다.In addition, the horizontal impedance of the unit cell obtained using Equation 9 is

= 377

, Impedance of air

= 377

Has the same value as Accordingly, the horizontal reflection coefficient of the unit cell with respect to air obtained by using Equation 10 is

= 0 That is, the vertical impedance and the horizontal impedance of the unit cell may be impedance matching with air. Accordingly, the incident electromagnetic wave 1101 proceeds through the unit cell (electromagnetic wave 1103), and no electromagnetic wave reflected from the unit cell is generated.

=0

으로, 금속의 임피던스와 유사한 값을 가진다. 이에 따라, <수학식 8>을 이용하여 얻어진 공기에 대한 유닛 셀의 수직 반사 계수는

=-1이 된다.12 illustrates a case where an impedance of a unit cell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure becomes impedance mismatch with air. For example, electromagnetic wave 1201 is incident on the unit cell, and the capacitance of the varactor consisting of the variable dielectric 701, the electrode member 703 (for example, the anode of the diode), and the electrode member 705 (for example, the cathode of the diode) is A bias voltage can be applied such that C = C ₂ . In this case, the vertical impedance of the unit cell obtained using Equation 7 is

= 0

It has a value similar to that of metal. Accordingly, the vertical reflection coefficient of the unit cell with respect to air obtained by using Equation 8 is

= -1.

=0

으로, 금속의 임피던스와 유사한 값을 가진다. 이에 따라, <수학식 10>을 이용하여 얻어진 공기에 대한 유닛 셀의 수평 반사 계수는

=-1이 된다. 즉, 유닛 셀의 수직 임피던스 및 수평 임피던스는 공기와 임피던스 미스매칭 되며, 특히 그 중에서도, 반사 계수가 -1이 될 수 있다. 이에 따라, 입사된 전자기파 1201은 유닛 셀에서 모두 반사되어 통과하지 못한다.In addition, the horizontal impedance of the unit cell obtained using Equation 9 is

= 0

It has a value similar to that of metal. Accordingly, the horizontal reflection coefficient of the unit cell with respect to air obtained by using Equation 10 is

= -1. That is, the vertical impedance and the horizontal impedance of the unit cell are impedance mismatched with air, and in particular, the reflection coefficient may be -1. As a result, the incident electromagnetic wave 1201 is not reflected by all the unit cells.

In FIGS. 11 and 12, the case where the vertical impedance and the horizontal impedance of the unit cell have a specific capacitance value of the varactor such that the reflection coefficient is -1 due to impedance matching or air impedance mismatching with air is described. The varactor included in the unit cell can be adjusted so that the unit cell has various vertical impedance and horizontal impedance values.

FIG. 13 illustrates a reflection coefficient according to a capacitance of a varactor at an operating frequency of a unit cell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 13 illustrates the reflection coefficient of a varactor including variable dielectric 701, electrode members 703 and 705 in unit cell 700. For example, curve 1301 is a reflection coefficient curve of a unit cell when the varactor capacitance is 1.8pF, and curve 1303 is a reflection coefficient curve of the unit cell when the varactor capacitance is 2.3pF.

인 것을 나타낸다. 또한, 곡선 1303은 곡선 1301인 경우의 공진 주파수보다 더 낮은 4GHz의 공진 주파수를 가진다. 곡선 1301은 4GHz에서 S₂₁=-22.69dB 값을 가지며, 이는 유닛 셀의 임피던스가 13

인 것을 나타낸다. 결국, 조향하고자 하는 전자기파의 주파수가 4GHz인 경우, 버랙터의 커패시턴스가 1.8pF일 때(비공진 점), 유닛 셀은 공기와 임피던스 매칭이 되어 입사되는 전자기파를 모두 통과시키며, 버랙터의 커패시턴스가 2.3pF일 때(공진 점), 유닛 셀은 금속의 임피던스와 유사한 값을 가짐으로써 입사되는 전자기파를 모두 반사시킬 수 있다.According to FIG. 13, as the capacitance of the varactor increases, the resonant frequency of the unit cell may be lowered. For example, curve 1301 may have a reflection coefficient S ₂₁ value close to zero at 4.5 GHz or less. Here, the reflection coefficient S ₂₁ means a ratio of the magnitude of the electromagnetic wave incident on the unit cell and the magnitude of the electromagnetic wave propagated through the unit cell. Specifically, curve 1301 has a value of S ₂₁ = -0.61 dB at a frequency of 4 GHz, which means that the unit cell has an impedance of 327

Indicates that Further, curve 1303 has a resonance frequency of 4 GHz lower than the resonance frequency in the case of curve 1301. Curve 1301 has a value of S ₂₁ = -22.69 dB at 4 GHz, which means that the unit cell has an impedance of 13

Indicates that After all, if the frequency of the electromagnetic wave to be steered is 4 GHz, when the varactor capacitance is 1.8pF (non-resonant point), the unit cell is impedance matched with air and passes all incident electromagnetic waves, and the varactor capacitance is At 2.3 pF (resonance point), the unit cell can reflect all incident electromagnetic waves by having a value similar to that of metal.

In FIG. 13, the case where the frequency of the electromagnetic wave and the resonant frequency of the unit cell are 4 GHz and the capacitance of the varactor is 1.8 pF and 2.3 pF has been described. However, this is exemplary, and the frequency of the electromagnetic wave and the resonance characteristic of the unit cell are variously changed. Can be.

In the foregoing description, for convenience of description, an impedance characteristic according to capacitance of the unit cell 700 is described in FIG. 13, but other unit cells of the diffraction plate included in the beam steering unit 250 may also have impedance characteristics as described above.

FIG. 14 illustrates a diffractive plate of an 8 × 8 array structure composed of unit cells according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. For convenience of description, FIG. 14 illustrates an 8 × 8 arrangement structure of the unit cell 700, but other sizes of the arrangement structure may be applied according to various embodiments. In addition, according to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the diffraction plate may be FZP.

Referring to FIG. 14, the y-axis bias line 1401 is configured to apply vertical bias voltages to unit cells, and may be an arrangement of the conductive members 721 described with reference to FIG. 7. In addition, the x-axis bias line 1403 is a configuration for applying a horizontal bias voltage to the unit cells, and may be an arrangement of the conductive member 723 described with reference to FIG. 7. The controller 230 adjusts the impedance arrangement of the unit cells by applying a desired bias voltage to the unit cells through the y-axis bias line 1401 and the x-axis bias line 1403, thereby forming a plurality of slits on the diffraction plate to form a desired direction. Can generate a diffraction pattern for steering the beam.

의 각도 차이가 유지된다. 결국, 본 개시의 다양한 실시 예들에 따른 회절 플레이트는 안테나로부터 방사된 원형 편파 신호를, 원형 편파의 형태를 유지하면서 조향할 수 있다.Accordingly, since the vertical polarization and the horizontal polarization are diffracted at the same angle by passing through a diffraction plate having the same diffraction pattern, they can have the same phase delay. In addition, since air and impedance matched unit cells pass both vertical and horizontal polarizations, the vertical and horizontal polarizations pass through the diffraction plate,

The angle difference is maintained. As a result, the diffraction plate according to various embodiments of the present disclosure may steer the circularly polarized signal emitted from the antenna while maintaining the shape of the circularly polarized wave.

15 to 17 illustrate examples of bias voltages for forming an impedance arrangement along a beam direction in a diffraction plate including a plurality of unit cells according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

15 illustrates an example for impedance placement of a diffraction plate including an array of unit cells according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. For convenience of description below, FIG. 15 illustrates an impedance arrangement of a diffraction plate having a 12 × 12 array structure composed of unit cells, but the arrangement structure of unit cells included in the diffraction plate may be variously changed. In addition, according to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the diffraction plate may be FZP.

방향으로 빔을 조향하기 위한 임피던스 배치를 나타낸다. 제어부 230은 x축 바이어스 라인들 1503을 통해, 모든 유닛 셀들에게 접지된 DC(direct current) 전압을 수평 바이어스 전압으로써 제공할 수 있다. 한편, 제어부 230은 y축 바이어스 라인들 1501을 통해 유닛 셀들에게 각각 5V, 0V, 5V, 5V, 0V, 0V, 0V, 5V, 5V, 5V, 5V, 0V의 수직 바이어스 전압을 인가할 수 있다. 이 경우, 수평 바이어스 전압 및 수직 바이어스 전압의 차이가 0V인 경우에 유닛 셀의 임피던스는 공기의 임피던스와 유사한 값을 가지고, 수평 바이어스 전압 및 수직 바이어스 전압의 차이가 5V인 경우에 유닛 셀의 임피던스는 금속의 임피던스와 유사한 값을 가질 수 있다.For example, impedance placement 1500 is

Impedance arrangement for steering the beam in the direction shown. The control unit 230 may provide a direct current (DC) voltage grounded to all unit cells as horizontal bias voltages through the x-axis bias lines 1503. The controller 230 may apply vertical bias voltages of 5V, 0V, 5V, 5V, 0V, 0V, 0V, 5V, 5V, 5V, 5V, and 0V to the unit cells through the y-axis bias lines 1501, respectively. In this case, when the difference between the horizontal bias voltage and the vertical bias voltage is 0V, the impedance of the unit cell has a value similar to that of the air, and when the difference between the horizontal bias voltage and the vertical bias voltage is 5V, the impedance of the unit cell is It may have a value similar to that of the metal.

방향으로 진행될 수 있다.As a result, the impedances of the unit cells arranged in the 1, 3, 4, and 8 to 11 columns in the impedance arrangement 1500 may be arranged to have the same value as each other and have a value similar to that of the metal. In addition, in the impedance arrangement 1500, the unit cells arranged in the 2, 5 to 7, and 12 columns may have the same impedance and have a value similar to that of air. Eventually, the circularly polarized light passes through the unit cells arranged in rows 2, 5 to 7, and 12 that are impedance matched to air and is about the x axis.

Can proceed in a direction.

방향으로 빔을 조향하기 위한 임피던스 배치를 나타낸다. 제어부 230은 x축 바이어스 라인들 1523을 통해, 모든 유닛 셀들에게 접지된 DC 전압을 수평 바이어스 전압으로써 제공할 수 있다. 한편, 제어부 230은 y축 바이어스 라인들 1521을 통해 유닛 셀들에게 각각 5V, 0V, 0V, 5V, 5V, 5V, 0V, 0V, 0V, 0V, 5V, 5V의 수직 바이어스 전압을 인가할 수 있다. 이 경우, 임피던스 배치 1520에서 1, 4 내지 6, 및 11 내지 12열들에 배치된 유닛 셀들의 임피던스가 서로 동일하며 금속의 임피던스와 유사한 값을 가지도록 배치될 수 있다. 또한, 임피던스 배치 1520에서 2 내지 3, 및 7 내지 10열들에 배치된 유닛 셀들의 임피던스가 서로 동일하며 공기의 임피던스와 유사한 값을 가지도록 배치될 수 있다. 결국, 원형 편파는 공기와 임피던스 매칭된 2 내지 3, 및 7 내지 10열들에 배치된 유닛 셀들을 통과하여 x축에 대해

방향으로 진행될 수 있다.As another example, impedance placement 1520 is

Impedance arrangement for steering the beam in the direction shown. The controller 230 may provide a DC voltage grounded to all the unit cells as the horizontal bias voltage through the x-axis bias lines 1523. The controller 230 may apply vertical bias voltages of 5V, 0V, 0V, 5V, 5V, 5V, 0V, 0V, 0V, 0V, 5V, and 5V to the unit cells through the y-axis bias lines 1521, respectively. In this case, in the impedance arrangement 1520, the unit cells arranged in the 1, 4 to 6, and 11 to 12 columns may have the same impedance and have a value similar to that of the metal. In addition, in the impedance arrangement 1520, unit cells arranged in two to three and seven to ten columns may have the same impedance and have a value similar to that of air. Eventually, the circularly polarized light passes through the unit cells arranged in two to three, and seven to ten columns that are impedance matched with air, with respect to the x axis.

Can proceed in a direction.

16 illustrates another example for impedance placement of a diffraction plate including an arrangement of unit cells according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. For convenience of description below, FIG. 16 illustrates an impedance arrangement of a diffraction plate having a 12 × 12 array structure consisting of unit cells, but the arrangement structure of unit cells included in the diffraction plate may be variously changed. In addition, according to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the diffraction plate may be FZP.

방향으로 빔을 조향하기 위한 임피던스 배치를 나타낸다. 제어부 230은 y축 바이어스 라인들 1601을 통해, 모든 유닛 셀들에게 접지된 DC 전압을 수직 바이어스 전압으로써 제공할 수 있다. 한편, 제어부 230은 x축 바이어스 라인들 1603을 통해 유닛 셀들에게 각각 0V, 0V, 0V, 5V, 5V, 5V, 0V, 0V, 5V, 5V, 0V, 5V의 수평 바이어스 전압을 인가할 수 있다. 이 경우, 수평 바이어스 전압 및 수직 바이어스 전압의 차이가 0V인 경우에 유닛 셀의 임피던스는 공기의 임피던스와 유사한 값을 가지고, 수평 바이어스 전압 및 수직 바이어스 전압의 차이가 5V인 경우에 유닛 셀의 임피던스는 금속의 임피던스와 유사한 값을 가질 수 있다.For example, impedance placement 1600 is

Impedance arrangement for steering the beam in the direction shown. The controller 230 may provide a DC voltage grounded to all the unit cells as a vertical bias voltage through the y-axis bias lines 1601. The controller 230 may apply horizontal bias voltages of 0V, 0V, 0V, 5V, 5V, 5V, 0V, 0V, 5V, 5V, 0V, and 5V to the unit cells through the x-axis bias lines 1603, respectively. In this case, when the difference between the horizontal bias voltage and the vertical bias voltage is 0V, the impedance of the unit cell has a value similar to that of the air, and when the difference between the horizontal bias voltage and the vertical bias voltage is 5V, the impedance of the unit cell is It may have a value similar to that of the metal.

방향으로 진행될 수 있다.As a result, the impedances of the unit cells arranged in the 4 to 6, 9 to 10, and 12 rows in the impedance arrangement 1600 may be arranged to have the same value as each other and have a value similar to that of the metal. In addition, in the impedance arrangement 1600, unit cells arranged in rows 1 to 3, 7 to 8, and 11 may have the same impedance and have a value similar to that of air. Eventually, the circular polarization passes through the unit cells arranged in rows 1 to 3, 7 to 8, and 11 that are impedance matched to air and is about the y axis.

Can proceed in a direction.

방향으로 빔을 조향하기 위한 임피던스 배치를 나타낸다. 제어부 230은 y축 바이어스 라인들 1621을 통해, 모든 유닛 셀들에게 접지된 DC 전압을 수직 바이어스 전압으로써 제공할 수 있다. 한편, 제어부 230은 x축 바이어스 라인들 1623을 통해 유닛 셀들에게 각각 0V, 5V, 0V, 0V, 0V, 5V, 5V, 0V, 0V, 5V, 5V, 5V의 수평 바이어스 전압을 인가할 수 있다. 이 경우, 임피던스 배치 1620에서 2, 6 내지 7, 및 10 내지 12행들에 배치된 유닛 셀들의 임피던스가 서로 동일하며 금속의 임피던스와 유사한 값을 가지도록 배치될 수 있다. 또한, 임피던스 배치 1620에서 1, 3 내지 5, 및 8 내지 9행들에 배치된 유닛 셀들의 임피던스가 서로 동일하며 공기의 임피던스와 유사한 값을 가지도록 배치될 수 있다. 결국, 원형 편파는 공기와 임피던스 매칭된 1, 3 내지 5, 및 8 내지 9행들에 배치된 유닛 셀들을 통과하여 y축에 대해

방향으로 진행될 수 있다.As another example, impedance placement 1620 is

Impedance arrangement for steering the beam in the direction shown. The controller 230 may provide a DC voltage grounded to all the unit cells as a vertical bias voltage through the y-axis bias lines 1621. The controller 230 may apply horizontal bias voltages of 0V, 5V, 0V, 0V, 0V, 5V, 5V, 0V, 0V, 5V, 5V, and 5V to the unit cells through the x-axis bias lines 1623, respectively. In this case, in the impedance arrangement 1620, the unit cells arranged in the 2, 6 to 7, and 10 to 12 rows may have the same impedance and have a value similar to that of the metal. In addition, in the impedance arrangement 1620, the unit cells arranged in rows 1, 3 to 5, and 8 to 9 may have the same impedance and have a value similar to that of air. Eventually, the circularly polarized light passes through the unit cells arranged in rows 1, 3 to 5, and 8 to 9, which are impedance matched with air, to the y axis.

Can proceed in a direction.

The impedance arrangement illustrated in FIGS. 15 and 16 is formed in a situation where the biases of the x-axis or the y-axis are grounded. In addition to the situation where the biases of one axis are grounded, an impedance arrangement formed by applying constant voltages to each of the biases of the x and y axes may be used. Hereinafter, referring to FIG. 17, an example in which constant voltages are applied to each of the biases of the x and y axes is described.

17 illustrates another example for impedance placement of a diffraction plate including an arrangement of unit cells according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. For convenience of description below, FIG. 17 illustrates an impedance arrangement of a diffraction plate having a 3 × 3 array structure composed of unit cells, but the arrangement structure of unit cells included in the diffraction plate may be variously changed. In addition, according to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the diffraction plate may be FZP.

In the impedance arrangement 1700, the controller 230 may apply vertical bias voltages of 5V, 5V, and 5V to the unit cells through the y-axis bias lines 1701, respectively. Meanwhile, the controller 230 may apply horizontal bias voltages of 0V, 5V, and 0V to the unit cells through the x-axis bias lines 1703, respectively. In this case, when the difference between the horizontal bias voltage and the vertical bias voltage is 0V, the impedance of the unit cell has a value similar to that of the air, and when the difference between the horizontal bias voltage and the vertical bias voltage is 5V, the impedance of the unit cell is It may have a value similar to that of the metal. As a result, in the impedance arrangement 1700, the unit cells arranged in the first and third rows may have the same impedance and have a value similar to that of the metal. In addition, in the impedance arrangement 1700, the unit cells arranged in two rows may have the same impedance and have a value similar to that of air. Accordingly, the circularly polarized wave may proceed through unit cells arranged in two rows that are impedance matched with air.

In the impedance arrangement 1720, the controller 230 may apply vertical bias voltages of 0 V, −5 V, and 0 V to the unit cells through the y-axis bias lines 1721, respectively. The controller 230 may apply horizontal bias voltages of −5 V, −5 V, and −5 V to the unit cells through the x-axis bias lines 1723, respectively. In this case, in the impedance arrangement 1720, the unit cells arranged in the first and third columns may have the same impedance and have a value similar to that of the metal. In addition, in the impedance arrangement 1700, the unit cells arranged in two columns may have the same impedance and have a value similar to that of air. Accordingly, the circularly polarized wave may proceed through the unit cells arranged in two rows that are impedance matched with air.

In the impedance arrangement 1740, the controller 230 may apply vertical bias voltages of 5V, 5V, and 5V to the unit cells through the y-axis bias lines 1741, respectively. Meanwhile, the controller 230 may apply horizontal bias voltages of 5V, 5V, and 0V to the unit cells through the x-axis bias lines 1743, respectively. In this case, in the impedance arrangement 1740, the unit cells arranged in three rows may have the same impedance and have a value similar to that of the metal. In addition, in the impedance arrangement 1740, the unit cells arranged in the first and second rows may have the same impedance and have a value similar to that of air. Accordingly, the circularly polarized wave may proceed through unit cells arranged in one and two rows that are impedance-matched with air.

In the impedance arrangement 1760, the controller 230 may apply vertical bias voltages of −3 V, 2 V, and −3 V to the unit cells through the y-axis bias lines 1761, respectively. The controller 230 may apply horizontal bias voltages of −3 V, −3 V, and −3 V to the unit cells through the x-axis bias lines 1763, respectively. In this case, in the impedance arrangement 1760, the unit cells arranged in two columns may have the same impedance and have a value similar to that of the metal. In addition, in the impedance arrangement 1760, the unit cells arranged in the first column and the third column may have the same impedance and have a value similar to that of air. Accordingly, the circular polarization may proceed through unit cells arranged in columns 1 and 3 that are impedance matched with air.

15 to 17, the case where a certain value of bias voltages are applied to form an impedance arrangement has been described, but various bias voltages may be applied to the arrangement of the unit cells. For example, depending on the frequency of the signal being steered or the type of dielectric used as the varactor, various bias voltages may be applied such that the unit cells have impedances similar to those of air or that of metal.

The diffraction plate described above is a component for forming a multi-slit structure, and as described in FIG. 4, the diffraction angle of the electromagnetic wave may be adjusted according to the width of the slit. As a result, the smaller the width of the slit, the more precisely the direction of the beam can be adjusted. In the diffraction plate according to various embodiments of the present disclosure, unit cells having an impedance similar to that of a metal may serve as slits, and unit cells having an impedance similar to that of air may serve as a gap between the slits. Can be.

18A and 18B illustrate the size of unit cells for adjusting the direction of a beam according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. 18A and 18B may be understood as an arrangement of unit cells 700 included in a diffraction plate, but this is exemplary and may be changed to an arrangement of unit cells having a structure according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. In addition, according to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the diffraction plate may be FZP.

The arrangement 1800 of unit cells in FIG. 18A may represent impedance arrangements 1801 and 1803, and the arrangement 1820 of unit cell in FIG. 18B may represent impedance arrangements 1821, 1823, and 1825. Here, the overall length of the arrangement of the unit cells of FIGS. 18A and 18B is the same, and it can be understood that only the size of the unit cells is different. In this case, since the unit cells of FIG. 18A are larger than the unit cells of FIG. 18B, the slits of the array 1820 of the unit cells have a width smaller than that of the slits of the array 1800 of the unit cells. As a result, the arrangement 1820 of the unit cells of FIG. 18B may more precisely adjust the direction of the beam.

As in the aforementioned various embodiments, a signal having a circular polarization characteristic (hereinafter, referred to as a “circular polarization signal”) may be steered using a diffraction plate. To this end, a communication device (eg, communication device A 110) generates a circularly polarized signal. The circularly polarized signal may be generated through a structure as shown in FIG. 19A or 19B.

19A illustrates beam steering of circularly polarized waves using a diffractive plate and circularly polarized antenna according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. For steering of the circularly polarized signal using the diffraction plate 1903, the circularly polarized wave generated by the circularly polarized antenna 1901 may be incident on the diffraction plate 1903. The diffraction plate 1903 may adjust the direction of the beam by adjusting the impedance arrangement of the unit cells according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

19B illustrates beam steering of circularly polarized waves using a diffraction plate, a linearly polarized antenna, and a circularly polarized transducer according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. Unlike the case of FIG. 19A, the linear polarization radiated from the linear polarization antenna 1921 may be converted into circular polarization in the circular polarization converter 1923, and the converted circular polarization may be incident on the diffraction plate 1925. The diffraction plate 1925 may adjust the direction of the beam by adjusting the impedance arrangement of the unit cells according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

Hereinafter, referring to FIGS. 20 and 21, a structure of a circular polarization converter 1923 that generates circular polarization using linear polarization will be described in detail.

만큼 발생시키기 위한 구조를 가질 수 있다.20 illustrates a top face of a circular polarization converter structure according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. Circular polarization transducer according to various embodiments of the present disclosure may be composed of a meta-material, the phase difference between the vertical and horizontal polarization

It may have a structure for generating as much.

On the top surface 2000 of the circular polarization transducer, metamaterials 2001 and 2003 and metamaterials 2005 and 2007 are spaced apart by G _h , and metamaterials 2001 and 2007 and metamaterials 2003 and 2005 spaced by G _v, respectively. Are arranged. By the difference between the respective separation distances G _h and G _v , the top surface 2000 of the circular polarization converter may be represented by an equivalent circuit 2020 or an equivalent circuit 2040.

가 되지는 않는다. 이하, 후술되는 원형 편파 변환기의 아랫면의 구조에 의해 수직 편파 및 수평 편파의 위상 차가

가 될 수 있다.Vertical polarization is generated when the linear polarization incident on the circular polarization converter is output from the equivalent circuit 2020, and horizontal polarization is generated when the linear polarization is output from the equivalent circuit 2040. However, since there is only a difference in capacitance C _v and C _h between the equivalent circuit 2020 and the equivalent circuit 2040, the phase difference between the vertical polarization and the horizontal polarization is only 20 million with the top surface of the circular polarization converter.

Does not become. Hereinafter, the phase difference between the vertical polarization and the horizontal polarization is changed by the structure of the lower surface of the circular polarization converter described later.

Can be

21 illustrates a bottom face of a circularly polarized transducer structure according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. At the bottom 2100 of the circularly polarized transducer, an inductance component may be added by the conductive member 2101 disposed between the metamaterials. By the added inductance component, the circularly polarized wave converter may be represented by an equivalent circuit 2120 or an equivalent circuit 2140.

가 될 수 있다. 결국, 원형 편파 변환기는 윗면의 메타 물질들 간의 이격 거리 G_h 및 G_v 및 아랫면의 도전성 부재로 인한 인덕턴스 L_m에 의해 원형 편파를 생성할 수 있다.Vertical polarization is generated when the linear polarization incident on the circular polarization converter is output from the equivalent circuit 2120, and horizontal polarization is generated when the linear polarization is output from the equivalent circuit 2140. Here, the equivalent circuit 2140 for generating horizontal polarization is a circuit in which an inductance L _m component is added to the equivalent circuit 2040 of FIG. 20. Due to the addition of inductance Lm, the phase difference between vertical and horizontal polarization

Can be As a result, the circularly polarized transducer can generate circular polarization by the separation distance G _h and G _v between the metamaterials on the top face and the inductance L _m due to the conductive member on the bottom face.

In the following FIGS. 22A to 23, specific measurement results for circular polarizations generated by circular polarization transducers are described.

22A is a graph illustrating a ratio of horizontal polarization and vertical polarization of circular polarization generated by a circular polarization converter according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 22A, the measurement result curve 2203 of the ratio of the horizontal polarization and the vertical polarization, that is, the axial ratio, shows high agreement with the curve 2201 representing the simulation result. Further, curves 2201 and 2203 represent an axial ratio value of 3 dB or less in the operating frequency band of the circularly polarized transducer, thereby confirming that the circularly polarized transducer produces circular polarization in the entire operating frequency band.

의 위상차를 나타냄으로써, 원형 편파 변환기가 동작 주파수 전대역에서 원형 편파를 생성하는 것이 확인된다. 22B is a graph illustrating phase differences between horizontal and vertical polarizations of circular polarizations generated by circular polarization converters according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 22B, the curve 2223 measuring the phase difference between the horizontal polarization and the vertical polarization generated by the circular polarization converter shows high agreement with the curve 2221 representing the simulation result. Also, curves 2221 and 2223 are approximately 90 at the operating frequency band of the circularly polarized transducer.

By indicating the phase difference of, it is confirmed that the circularly polarized wave converter generates circularly polarized waves in the entire operating frequency band.

23 is a graph illustrating a shape of a circular polarization generated by a circular polarization converter according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 23, the shapes of the trajectories of the circularly polarized wave generated by the circularly polarized wave converter at a plurality of operating frequencies (eg, 28 GHz, 30 GHz, 32 GHz, 39 GHz, and 40 GHz) may be identified. At each operating frequency, the simulation results of the circular polarization shape and the measurement of the circular polarization shape show high agreement. As a result, it is confirmed that the circular polarization converter generates circular polarization at various operating frequencies.

24 illustrates beam steering of an exemplary circular polarization using an FZP and circular polarization transducer in accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure. According to FIG. 24, a transmitter 2401 may perform beamforming on a receiver 2X using a circular polarization converter 2403 and a FZP 2405.

The circular polarization converter 2403 may be disposed 500 mm apart from the transmitter 2401 and may convert the linear polarization transmitted from the transmitter 2401 into circular polarization and output the circular polarization. In addition, the FZP 2405 may be disposed 50 mm apart from the circular polarization converter 2403, and the receiver 2407 may be located 550 mm apart from the FZP. In this case, the FZP may steer circular polarization in the direction in which the receiver 2407 is located by adjusting the impedance arrangement of the arrangement of the plurality of unit cells.

For convenience of description, in FIG. 24, the distance between the transmitter and the circular polarization converter, the distance between the circular polarization converter and the FZP, and the distance between the FZP and the receiver have been specified. can be changed.

In FIGS. 25A and 25B, the results of beam steering of circularly polarized waves described by way of example in FIG. 24 are described.

내지

의 범위에서 조향된다. 원형 편파를 구성하는 수직 편파의 크기 2501 및 수평 편파의 크기 2503은 조향 범위 내에서 높은 일치도를 보인다. 결국, 도 24에서 설명된 FZP 2405는 원형 편파 변환기 2403에서 생성된 원형 편파의 형태를 유지하면서 수신기에게 조향할 수 있다.FIG. 25A illustrates a graph illustrating magnitudes of horizontal and vertical polarizations of a circular polarization steered using an FZP and circular polarization converter according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. The circular polarization of the graph 2500, by FZP 2405

To

Steering in the range of. The magnitude 2501 of the vertical polarization and the magnitude 2503 of the horizontal polarization constituting the circular polarization show high agreement within the steering range. As a result, the FZP 2405 described in FIG. 24 may steer to the receiver while maintaining the shape of the circular polarization generated by the circular polarization converter 2403.

FIG. 25B illustrates a graph comparing a shape of a circular polarization steered using a FZP and a circular polarization converter according to various embodiments of the present disclosure with a shape of a circular polarization generated by the circular polarization converter. Referring to FIG. 25B, at an operating frequency of 28 GHz, the trajectory 2521 of the circular polarization generated by the circular polarization converter and the trajectory 2523 of the circular polarization steered using the FZP and the circular polarization converter show high agreement. As a result, the FZP 2405 described in FIG. 24 may steer to the receiver while maintaining the shape of the circular polarization generated by the circular polarization converter 2403.

Methods according to the embodiments described in the claims or the specification of the present disclosure may be implemented in the form of hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software.

When implemented in software, a computer-readable storage medium for storing one or more programs (software modules) may be provided. One or more programs stored in a computer readable storage medium are configured for execution by one or more processors in an electronic device. One or more programs include instructions that cause an electronic device to execute methods in accordance with embodiments described in the claims or specifications of this disclosure.

Such programs (software modules, software) may include random access memory, non-volatile memory including flash memory, read only memory (ROM), and electrically erasable programmable ROM. (electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), magnetic disc storage device, compact disc-ROM (CD-ROM), digital versatile discs (DVDs) or other forms It can be stored in an optical storage device, a magnetic cassette. Or, it may be stored in a memory composed of some or all of these combinations. In addition, each configuration memory may be included in plural.

In addition, the program may be configured through a communication network composed of a communication network such as the Internet, an intranet, a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), or a storage area network (SAN), or a combination thereof. It may be stored in an attachable storage device that is accessible. Such a storage device may be connected to a device that performs an embodiment of the present disclosure through an external port. In addition, a separate storage device on a communication network may be connected to a device that performs an embodiment of the present disclosure.

In specific embodiments of the present disclosure described above, components included in the disclosure are expressed in the singular or plural number according to the specific embodiments presented. However, the singular or plural expressions are selected to suit the circumstances presented for convenience of description, and the present disclosure is not limited to the singular or plural elements, and the singular or plural elements may be used in the singular or the singular. Even expressed components may be composed of a plurality.

Meanwhile, in the detailed description of the present disclosure, specific embodiments have been described, but various modifications may be possible without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the scope of the present disclosure should not be limited to the described embodiments, but should be determined not only by the scope of the following claims, but also by the equivalents of the claims.

Claims (30)

A communication device in a wireless communication system,
At least one processor for determining a direction of a signal and controlling a plurality of unit cells based on the determined direction;
A transceiver for generating the signal and radiating the signal through an antenna;
A diffraction plate on which the plurality of unit cells are arranged, and a steering unit forming an impedance arrangement for steering the signal in the determined direction under the control of the at least one processor,
The signal is steered in the direction through the diffraction plate included in the steering unit,
Wherein said impedance arrangement forms a plurality of slits on said diffraction plate.
The method of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of unit cells,
A first electrode member;
A second electrode member spaced apart from the first electrode member at a predetermined interval;
A variable dielectric connecting the first electrode member and the second electrode member;
First control wirings to transfer a first voltage to the variable dielectric;
A second control wiring for transmitting a second voltage to the variable dielectric;
A first conductive member connected to the first electrode member and the first control wiring; And
And a second conductive member connected to the second electrode member and the second control wiring.
The method of claim 2, wherein each of the plurality of unit cells comprises at least one layer,
The at least one layer includes a composite including the first electrode member, the second electrode member, and the variable dielectric, the first conductive member, and a first layer on which the second conductive member is disposed,
And wherein the composite is disposed at the center of the first layer such that the first electrode member and the second electrode member are not parallel to an edge of at least one of the first layers.
The method of claim 3, wherein the at least one layer is
A second layer on which the first control wiring is disposed; And
And a third layer in which said second control wiring is disposed.
The communication device of claim 3, wherein the first conductive member and the second conductive member are symmetrical with respect to the composite.
The communication device according to claim 4, wherein at least one of the first control wiring or the second control wiring is disposed to overlap at least one of the pattern of the first conductive member or the pattern of the second conductive member.
The communication device according to claim 4, wherein the first control wiring and the second control wiring are disposed in a direction perpendicular to each other.
The method according to claim 2,
The capacitance of the composite including the first electrode member, the second electrode member, and the variable dielectric is determined based on the voltage,
And a first impedance and a second impedance of each of the plurality of unit cells are determined according to the capacitance.
The communication device of claim 8, wherein the first impedance and the second impedance are impedances in directions perpendicular to each other.
The method according to claim 8,
The plurality of unit cells includes a first unit cell,
When the capacitance of the composite included in the first unit cell is the first capacitance, the first unit cell has a non-resonant characteristic,
And the first unit cell has a resonance characteristic when the capacitance of the composite included in the first unit cell is a second capacitance.
The method according to claim 4,
A first layer of each of the plurality of unit cells is connected to each other,
A second layer of each of the plurality of unit cells is connected to each other,
A third layer of each of the plurality of unit cells is connected to each other,
And a first control wiring of each of the plurality of unit cells and a second control wiring of each of the plurality of unit cells are disposed in a direction perpendicular to each other.
The communication device according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of slits constitute a diffraction pattern of the diffraction plate corresponding to the determined direction.
The communication device of claim 1, wherein the diffraction plate is a fresnel zone plate (FZP).
The communication device of claim 1, wherein the signal is a signal having circular polarization characteristics.
The method of claim 1, wherein a first voltage and a second voltage are applied to each of the plurality of unit cells,
And the voltage of the unit cell is determined based on the difference between the first voltage and the second voltage.
In the method of operating a communication device in a wireless communication system,
Determining the direction of the signal,
Controlling a plurality of unit cells based on the determined direction;
Generating the signal;
Radiating the signal through an antenna;
The plurality of unit cells are placed in a diffraction plate,
Forming an impedance arrangement for steering the signal in the determined direction according to the control;
The signal is steered in the direction through the diffraction plate,
Wherein said impedance arrangement forms a plurality of slits on said diffraction plate.
The method of claim 16, wherein each of the plurality of unit cells,
A first electrode member;
A second electrode member spaced apart from the first electrode member at a predetermined interval;
A variable dielectric connecting the first electrode member and the second electrode member;
First control wirings to transfer a first voltage to the variable dielectric;
A second control wiring for transmitting a second voltage to the variable dielectric;
A first conductive member connected to the first electrode member and the first control wiring; And
And a second conductive member connected with the second electrode member and the second control wiring.
The method of claim 17, wherein each of the plurality of unit cells comprises at least one layer,
The at least one layer includes a composite including the first electrode member, the second electrode member, and the variable dielectric, the first conductive member, and a first layer on which the second conductive member is disposed,
The composite is disposed at the center of the first layer such that the first electrode member and the second electrode member are not parallel to an edge of at least one of the first layers.
The method of claim 18, wherein the at least one layer is
A second layer on which the first control wiring is disposed; And
And a third layer in which said second control wiring is disposed.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the first conductive member and the second conductive member are symmetrical with respect to the composite.
The method of claim 19, wherein at least one of the first control wiring or the second control wiring is disposed to overlap at least one of the pattern of the first conductive member or the pattern of the second conductive member.
The method of claim 19, wherein the first control wiring and the second control wiring are disposed in a direction perpendicular to each other.
The method according to claim 17,
The capacitance of the composite including the first electrode member, the second electrode member, and the variable dielectric is determined based on the voltage,
According to the capacitance, a first impedance and a second impedance of each of the plurality of unit cells are determined.
The method of claim 23, wherein the first impedance and the second impedance are impedances in a direction perpendicular to each other.
The method according to claim 23,
The plurality of unit cells includes a first unit cell,
When the capacitance of the composite included in the first unit cell is the first capacitance, the first unit cell has a non-resonant characteristic,
If the capacitance of the composite contained in the first unit cell is a second capacitance, the first unit cell has a resonance characteristic.
The method according to claim 19,
A first layer of each of the plurality of unit cells is connected to each other,
A second layer of each of the plurality of unit cells is connected to each other,
A third layer of each of the plurality of unit cells is connected to each other,
And a first control wiring of each of the plurality of unit cells and a second control wiring of each of the plurality of unit cells are disposed in a direction perpendicular to each other.
The method of claim 16, wherein the plurality of slits constitutes a diffraction pattern of the diffraction plate corresponding to the determined direction.
The method of claim 16, wherein the diffraction plate is a fresnel zone plate (FZP).
The method of claim 16, wherein the signal is a signal having circular polarization characteristics.
The method of claim 16, wherein a first voltage and a second voltage are applied to each of the plurality of unit cells,
The voltage of the unit cell is determined based on the difference between the first voltage and the second voltage.

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