KR20190140950A - 인간 유전자 교정 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
도 2a-2f. S기 주입된 인간 배아에서의 유전자 표적화 및 상동성 지정 수복(HDR: homology-directed repair) 효율. 도 2a, 접합체, S기 주입된 배아에서의 유전자 표적화 효율. 도 2b, 모자이크 배아에서의 난할구 유전자형분석 결과. 도 2c, 모자이크 배아에서의 다양한 난할구 유전자형의 분포. 도 2d, 전체 표적화 및 HDR 효율. 도 2e, 환자 iPSC 및 S기 주입된 배아에서의 표적화 효율. 도 2f, 대조군(n=19) 및 S기 주입된(n=54) 배아에서의 WT/WT 배아의 수율.
도 3a-3e. M기 주입된 인간 배아에서의 유전자 교정. 도 3a, M기 난모세포 내로의 CRISPR/Cas9의 주입에 의한 MYBPC3 ΔGAGT 유전자 표적화 개략도. CRISPR/Cas9를 정자 현탁액가 혼합하고, ICSI 동안 MII 난모세포 내로 공동 주입하였다. 정자가 단일 돌연변이체 카피를 함유할 때, CRISPR/Cas9의 M기 전달을 통해 게놈 편집이 이루어질 수 있고, 이로써, 균일한 배아가 생산되고, 모자이크 현상이 제거된다. 도 3b, M기 주입된 배아에서의 표적화 효율. 도 3c, 대조군(n=19) 및 M기 주입된(n=58) 배아에서의 WT/WT 배아의 수율. 도 3d, ssODN의 존재 또는 부재하에서의 HDR 결과. 도 3e, 비처리된 대조군 대비의 S기 및 M기 주입된 배아에서 추정되는 HDR 효율.
도 4a-4d. 처리된 인간 배아의 Digenome - seq 기반 오프 타겟 돌연변이 스크리닝. 도 4a, DNA 절단 점수를 보여주는 게놈와이드 써코스(Circos) 플롯. Cas9로만 처리된 DNA는 회색으로 표시되어 있고, CRISPR/Cas9 처리된 DNA는 청색으로 표시되어 있다. 도 4b, 디게놈 포착 부위를 사용하여 웹로고(WebLogo)를 통해 수득된 서열 로고(DNA 절단 점수 >2.5). 온 타겟 서열은 서열 로고 아래 명시되어 있다(서열 번호 6). 도 4c, Digenome-seq에 의해 검출된 28개의 개별 난할구에 대한 온 타겟. 오직 NHEJ 시그니처를 보유하는 난할구만이 Digenome-seq에 의해 포착되었다. 도 4d, CRISPR/Cas9 처리된 인간 배아(n=5) 및 비처리된 대조군 인간 배아(n=2; 서열 번호 7-30, 위에서 아래로)에서의 Digenome-seq에 의해 포착된 잠재적 오프 타겟 부위에 대한 indel 빈도. 미스매치 뉴클레오티드는 밑줄로 표시되어 있다. OnT: 온 타겟 부위; OT: 오프 타겟 부위.
도 5a-5f. CRISPR / Cas9 디자인 및 환자 iPSC에서의 시험. 도 5a, 및 도 5b, CRISPR/Cas9-1(서열 번호 2) 및 CRISPR/Cas9-2(서열 번호 3) 구성물(각각 서열 번호 31 및 서열 번호 32인 야생형 및 돌연변이체 대립유전자에서의 서열)의 개략도. 두 시스템 모두 MYBPC3 Δ GAGT 결실을 표적화하도록 디자인된 단일 쇄 키메라 sgRNA 및 Cas9 단백질로 구성된다. HDR을 촉진시키니기 위해 표적화된 영역에 대한 상동성 아암을 코딩하는 외인성 단일 가닥 올리고데옥시뉴클레오티드(ssODN: single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotide) 주형을 각 시스템에 대해 디자인하였다(ssODN-1, 서열 번호 33; ssODN-2, 서열 번호 34). 밑줄로 표시된 바와 같이, 동의 단일 뉴클레오티드 치환을 각 ssODN 주형 내로 도입하였다. 추가로, ssODN-2 뉴클레오티드 치환은 오픈 박스로 표시된 바와 같은 제한 효소(BstBI) 인식 부위를 제공한다. 도 5c, 환자 iPSC를 전기천공에 의해 CRISPR/Cas9 플라스미드로 형질감염시키고, 클로닝된 개별 단일 iPSC를 분석하였다. 도 5d, 이형접합성 돌연변이체를 갖는 비표적화된 iPSC 클론(좌측; 위에서 아래로 서열 번호 35 및 36), 수복 주형으로서 ssODN-2를 사용하여 HDR을 통해 교정된 유전자를 갖는 표적화된 iPSC 클론(중간; 위에서 아래로 서열 번호 37 및 38), 및 주형으로서 WT 서열을 사용하여 HDR을 통해 교정된 유전자를 갖는 표적화된 iPSC 클론을 보여주는 대표 크로마토그래프. 도 5e, CRISPR/Cas9-1과 CRISPR/Cas9-2 사이의 표적화 및 HDR 효율 비교. 도 5f, 야생형 ES 세포(H9) 및 미리 어셈블리된 Cas9 리보뉴클레오단백질(RNP: ribonucleoprotein)로 형질감염된 환자 iPSC에서의 HDR 및 NHEJ 효율.
도 6a-6b. 잠재적인 오프 타겟 부위의 디게놈 시퀀싱. 도 6a, 온 타겟 부위에서 CRISPR/Cas9를 사용하여 생성된 대표적인 IGV(통합 게노믹스 뷰어: Integrative Genomics Viewer) 영상. 미스매칭된 뉴클레오티드는 더 밝은 회색으로 표시되어 있다. 도 6b, 잠재적 오프 타겟 부위에서의 CRISPR/Cas9 유도 DNA 절단을 보여주는 대표적인 IGV 영상. 화살표 표시는 각 오프 타겟 부위에서의 DNA 절단 부위를 나타낸다.
도 7a-7k. 모자이크 배아 및 M기 주입된 인간 배아의 개별 난할구에서의 큰 결실을 검출하기 위한 롱 레인지 PCR 분석. 도 7a, MYBPC3 ΔGAGT 돌연변이 부위에 걸쳐 있는 8개의 롱 레인지 PCR 프라이머의 개략도. 도 7b-7g, CRISPR-Cas9-표적화된 난할구 및 대조군 난할구에서의 PCR1, PCR2, 및 PCR4-PCR7 증폭의 아가로스 겔 영상. 도 7h-7i, CRISPR-Cas9-표적화된 난할구 및 대조군 난할구에서의 PCR3 및 PCR8의 대표적인 아가로스 겔 영상. 도 7j-7k, M기 주입된 WT/WT 난할구 및 대조군 난할구에서의 PCR3 및 PCR8의 대표적인 아가로스 겔 영상. 화살표 표시는 예상 DNA 크기를 반영하는 PCR 밴드를 나타낸다.
도 8a-8b. 난자 기증자 1로부터 생산된 모자이크 인간 배아 및 대조군 인간 배아에서의 HDR 수복 및 전환 트랙 길이 평가. 도 8a, MYBPC3 유전자의 게놈 영역 내의 3개의 유용한 정보를 주는 유익한 단일 뉴클레오티드 다형성(SNP: single nucleotide polymorphism)의 개략적 지도(야생형, 상단; 돌연변이체, 하단). 각 SNP 아래의 rs 번호는 NCBI dbSNP(Short Genetic Variation 데이터베이스)에 기록되어 있는 참조 번호를 나타낸다. 도 8b, 모자이크 배아 및 대조군 배아로부터의 개별 난할구에서의 SNP 유전자형의 대표적인 크로마토그래프.
도 9. S기 및 M기 주입된 WT/WT 인간 배아에서의 HDR 수복 및 전환 트랙 길이 평가. S기 및 M기 주입된 WT/WT 인간 배아로부터의 개별 난할구에서의 SNP 유전자형의 대표적인 크로마토그래프.
도 10a-10b. CRISPR - Cas9 주입된 배아의 착상 전 발생. 도 10a, CRISPR-Cas9 처리된 MII 난모세포(n = 22) 및 대조군(n = 10) MII 난모세포의 수정 및 그의 후속된 8 세포 및 배반포 단계 배아로의 발생. 난모세포/배아/배반포의 개수는 막대로 제시되어 있고; 백분율(%)이 막대 위에 제시되어 있다. 오차 막대는 평균 ± s.e.m.이다. 스튜던츠 t 검정을 이용하여 유의도를 확립하였다. 도 10b, CRISPR-Cas9 주입된 전핵 단계 접합체, 8 세포 배아, 및 배반포의 정상적인 형태를 보여주는 대표적인 영상.
서열 목록
첨부된 서열 목록에 열거되어 있는 핵산 서열 및 아미노산 서열은 37 C.F.R. 1.822에서 정의된 바와 같이, 뉴클레오티드 염기에 대해서는 표준 문자 약칭 및 아미노산에 대해서는 3문자 코드를 사용하여 제시되어 있다. 각 핵산 서열의 단 하나의 가닥만이 제시되어 있지만, 상보적인 가닥도 제시된 가닥에 대한 언급에 포함되는 것으로 이해된다. 서열 목록은 2018년 4월 20일 작성된, 18.5 KB의 ASCII 텍스트 파일로서 제출되었고, 이는 본원에서 참조로 포함된다. 첨부된 서열 목록에서:
서열 번호 1은 예시적인 스트렙토코쿠스 파이오진스(Streptococcus pyogenes) Cas9 아미노산 서열이다.
서열 번호 2는 예시적인 gRNA 표적 핵산 서열이다.
서열 번호 3은 예시적인 gRNA 표적 핵산 서열이다.
서열 번호 4는 예시적인 gRNA 핵산 서열이다.
서열 번호 5는 예시적인 gRNA 핵산 서열이다.
서열 번호 6은 예시적인 온 타겟 MYBPC3 돌연변이체 핵산 서열이다.
서열 번호 7은 예시적인 인간 RPS14 핵산 서열이다.
서열 번호 8은 예시적인 인간 유전자간 핵산 서열이다.
서열 번호 9는 예시적인 인간 유전자간 핵산 서열이다.
서열 번호 10은 예시적인 인간 TTC7B 핵산 서열이다.
서열 번호 11은 예시적인 인간 SLC36A2 핵산 서열이다.
서열 번호 12는 예시적인 인간 HS6ST3 핵산 서열이다.
서열 번호 13은 예시적인 인간 유전자간 핵산 서열이다.
서열 번호 14는 예시적인 인간 유전자간 핵산 서열이다.
서열 번호 15는 예시적인 인간 MRP22 핵산 서열이다.
서열 번호 16은 예시적인 인간 유전자간 핵산 서열이다.
서열 번호 17은 예시적인 인간 유전자간 핵산 서열이다.
서열 번호 18은 예시적인 인간 유전자간 핵산 서열이다.
서열 번호 19는 예시적인 인간 XRRA1 핵산 서열이다.
서열 번호 20은 예시적인 인간 유전자간 핵산 서열이다.
서열 번호 21은 예시적인 인간 SHROOM4 핵산 서열이다.
서열 번호 22는 예시적인 인간 CDS2 핵산 서열이다.
서열 번호 23은 예시적인 인간 RP11-718G2.5 핵산 서열이다.
서열 번호 24는 예시적인 인간 MPP6 핵산 서열이다.
서열 번호 25는 예시적인 인간 AUTS2 핵산 서열이다.
서열 번호 26은 예시적인 인간 DECR1 핵산 서열이다.
서열 번호 27은 예시적인 인간 유전자간 핵산 서열이다.
서열 번호 28은 예시적인 인간 NAA16 핵산 서열이다.
서열 번호 29는 예시적인 인간 NR6A1 핵산 서열이다.
서열 번호 30은 예시적인 인간 MYBPC3 핵산 서열이다.
서열 번호 31은 예시적인 야생형 MYBPC3 핵산 서열이다.
서열 번호 32는 예시적인 돌연변이체 MYBPC3 핵산 서열이다.
서열 번호 33은 예시적인 단일 가닥 올리고 기증자(ssODN) 핵산 서열이다.
서열 번호 34는 예시적인 단일 가닥 올리고 기증자(ssODN) 핵산 서열이다.
서열 번호 35는 예시적인 MYBPC3 이형접합성 핵산 서열이다.
서열 번호 36은 예시적인 MYBPC3 이형접합성 핵산 서열이다.
서열 번호 37은 예시적인 ssODN 교정된 MYBPC3 이형접합성 핵산 서열이다.
서열 번호 38은 예시적인 ssODN 교정된 MYBPC3 이형접합성 핵산 서열이다.
서열 번호 39는 예시적인 야생형 MYBPC3 핵산 서열이다.
서열 번호 40은 예시적인 프라이머 핵산 서열이다.
서열 번호 41은 예시적인 프라이머 핵산 서열이다.
서열 번호 42는 예시적인 어댑터 핵산 서열이다.
서열 번호 43은 예시적인 어댑터 핵산 서열이다.
Claims (28)
- a) 함께 작용하여 돌연변이체 대립유전자에 이중 가닥 파단을 도입하는 비자연적으로 발생된 표적화된 뉴클레아제 및 부위 특이적 뉴클레오티드 결합 가이드를 영장류 세포 내로 도입하는 단계로서,
i) 상기 영장류 세포는 유사 세포 분열 중이고;
ii) 상기 영장류 세포는 돌연변이체 대립유전자에 대해 이형접합성인 게놈을 포함하여, 상기 게놈은 돌연변이체 대립유전자 한 카피 및 야생형 대립유전자 한 카피를 포함하고;
iii) 야생형 대립유전자에 상동성인 단일 가닥 올리고뉴클레오티드는 영장류 세포 내로 도입되지 않는 것인 단계; 및
b) 상기 영장류 세포가 돌연변이체 대립유전자에서 이중 가닥 DNA 파단의 상동성 지정 수복을 활성화하도록 하여,
수복 주형으로서 정상 야생형 대립유전자를 사용하여 돌연변이체 대립유전자를 교정하고, 야생형 대립유전자에 대해 동형접합성인 영장류 세포를 생산하는 단계를 포함하는, 영장류 세포에서 관심 유전자의 돌연변이체 대립유전자를 교정하는 방법. - 제1항에 있어서, 영장류 세포가 배아인 방법.
- 제2항에 있어서, 단계 (a) 전에 배아를 생성하는 단계를 추가로 포함하는 방법.
- 제2항 또는 제3항에 있어서, 배아가 단세포 배아인 방법.
- 제2항 내지 제4항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
영장류 종으로부터 관심 유전자의 돌연변이체 대립유전자 또는 야생형 대립유전자를 갖는 게놈을 포함하는 영장류 난모세포를 선택하는 단계;
상기 영장류 난모세포를 동일한 영장류 종으로부터의 정자와 수정시킴으로써, 단세포 영장류 배아를 형성하는 단계로서, 상기 정자는 각각 관심 유전자의 야생형 대립유전자 또는 돌연변이체 대립유전자를 포함하고, 상기 영장류 배아는 이형접합성이고 야생형 대립유전자 한 카피 및 돌연변이체 대립유전자 한 카피를 포함하는 것인 단계
를 추가로 포함하는 방법. - 제5항에 있어서, 표적화된 뉴클레아제 및 부위 특이적 뉴클레오티드 결합 가이드를, 영장류 난모세포를 수정시킴과 동시에 영장류 난모세포 내로 도입하는 것인 방법.
- 제5항 또는 제6항에 있어서, 영장류 난모세포를 수정시키는 단계가 세포질내 정자 주입(ICSI)을 포함하는 것인 방법.
- 제5항 내지 제7항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 표적화된 뉴클레아제 및 부위 특이적 뉴클레오티드 결합 가이드가 도입될 때, 영장류 난모세포가 중기 II에 있는 것인 방법.
- 제2항 내지 제4항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 시험관내에서 배아를 배양하여 다세포 배아를 형성하는 단계를 추가로 포함하는 방법.
- 제9항에 있어서, 다세포 배아가 돌연변이체 대립유전자를 포함하는 세포에 대해 모자이크가 아닌 것인 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제10항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 표적화된 뉴클레아제가 클러스터된 규칙적인 간격을 갖는 짧은 회문구조 반복서열(CRISPR) 연관(Cas)9, 아연 핑거 뉴클레아제(ZFN), 또는 전사 활성화인자 유사 이펙터 뉴클레아제(TALEN)인 방법.
- 제11항에 있어서, 표적화된 뉴클레아제가 CRISPR-Cas9이고, 부위 특이적 뉴클레오티드 결합 가이드가 핵산 가이드 RNA인 방법.
[청구항 12]
제1항 내지 제11항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
c) 돌연변이체 대립유전자의 성공적인 교정에 대해 검정하는 단계를 추가로 포함하는 방법. - 제12항에 있어서, 성공적인 교정에 대해 검정하는 단계가 생어(Sanger) 시퀀싱의 이용을 포함하는 것인 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제12항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 오프 타겟 효과에 대해 검정하는 단계를 추가로 포함하는 방법.
- 제13항에 있어서, 오프 타겟 효과에 대해 검정하는 단계가 전체 게놈 시퀀싱을 포함하는 것인 방법.
- 제1항 및 제11항 내지 제15항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 영장류 세포가 체세포인 방법.
- 제16항에 있어서, 체세포가 중배엽, 내배엽, 또는 외배엽 세포인 방법.
- 제17항에 있어서, 체세포가 심장 세포, 피부 세포, 백혈구, 간세포, 췌장 세포, 신장 세포, 난소 세포, 고환 세포, 전립선 세포, 유방 세포, 근육 세포, 소화기계 세포, 호흡기계 세포, 또는 골원성 세포인 방법.
- 제1항 및 제11항 내지 제15항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 영장류 세포가 만능성 또는 다능성 줄기 세포인 방법.
- 제11항 또는 제12항에 있어서, 줄기 세포가 골수 줄기 세포, 조혈 줄기 세포, 중간엽 줄기 세포, 장 줄기 세포, 뉴런 줄기 세포, 또는 치아 줄기 세포인 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제20항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 영장류가 인간인 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제21항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 돌연변이체 대립유전자가 야생형 대립유전자와 비교하여 결실 또는 삽입을 포함하는 것인 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제22항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 돌연변이체 대립유전자가 야생형 대립유전자와 비교하여 염기쌍 치환을 포함하는 것인 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제23항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 돌연변이체 대립유전자가 야생형 대립유전자와 비교하여 프레임 시프트 돌연변이를 포함하는 것인 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제24항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 관심 유전자가 미오신 결합 단백질 C(MYBPC3), 섬유아세포 성장 인자 수용체 3(FGFR3), 세르핀 패밀리 A 구성원 1(SERPINA1), 단백질 키나제 D1(PKD), 유방암 1(BRCA1), 유방암 2(BRCA2), 글리실-tRNA 신테타제(GARS), WNT 신호전달 경로 조절인자(APC), 낭포성 섬유증 막횡단 전도 조절인자(CFTR), 키메린 1(CHN1), 디스트로핀(DMD), 응고 인자 V(F5), 취약 X 정신 지체 1(FMR1), 글루코실세라미다제 베타(GBA), 항상성 철 조절인자(HFE), 응고 인자 IX(FIX), 헌팅틴(HD), 피브릴린 1(FBN1), 근긴장성 디스트로피 단백질 키나제(DMPK), 세포 핵산 결합 단백질(CNBP), 단백질 티로신 포스파타제, 비수용체 타입 11(PTPN11), Ras/Rac 구아닌 뉴클레오티드 교환 인자 1(SOS1), Raf 프로토온코진 세린/트레오닌 키나제(RAF1), Kras 프로토온코진 GTP아제(KRAS), 콜라겐 타입 알파 1 쇄(COL1A1), 콜라겐 타입 알파 2 쇄(COL1A2), 시누클레인 알파(SNCA), 유비퀴틴 C 말단 하이드롤라제 L1(UCHL1), 류신 풍부 반복서열 키나제 2(LRRK2), 파킨슨병 3(PARK3), 파킨 RBR E3 유비퀴틴 단백질 리가제(PARK2), 파킨슨증 연관 데글리카제(PARK7), PTEN 유도성 추정 키나제 1(PARK6), 아포지질단백질 B(APOB), 저밀도 지질단백질 수용체(LDLR), 저밀도 지질단백질 수용체 어댑터 단백질 1(LDLRAP1), 프로단백질 컨버타제 서브틸리신/켁신 타입 9(PCSK9), 액틴 알파 심장 근육 1(ACTC1), 액티닌 알파2(ACTN2), 칼레티쿨린 3(CALR3), 시스테인 및 글리신 풍부 단백질 3(CSRP3), 정토필린2(JPH2), 미오신 중쇄 7(MYH7), 미오신 경쇄 2(MYL2), 미오신 경쇄 3(MyL3), 마이오제닌 2(MYOZ2), 넥실린 F-액틴 결합 단백질(NEXN), 포스포람반(PLN), 단백질 키나제 AMP 활성화 비촉매 서브유닛 감마 2(PRKAG2), 티틴-캡(TCAP), 트로포닌 I3 심장 타입(TNNI3), 트로포닌 T2 심장 타입(TNNT2), 트로포미오신 1(TPM1), 티틴(TTN), 및/또는 빈쿨린(VCL)인 방법.
- 제18항에 있어서, (a) 체세포가 유방암을 앓는 인간 피험체 유래의 것이고, (b) 체세포가 유방 세포이고, (c) 여기서, 관심 유전자가 BRCA1 또는 BRCA2인 방법.
- 제18항에 있어서,
(a) 체세포가 가족성 심근병증을 앓는 인간 피험체 유래의 것이고,
(b) 세포가 심장 세포이고,
(c) 관심 유전자가 MYBPC3, ACTC1, ACTN2, CALR3, CSRP3, JPH2, MYH7, MYL2, MyL3, MYOZ2, NEXN, PLN, PRKAG2, TCAP, TNNI3, TNNT2, TPM1, TTN, 및/또는 VCL인 방법. - 제18항에 있어서,
(a) 체세포가 가족성 고콜레스테롤혈증을 앓는 인간 피험체 유래의 것,
(b) 세포가 심장 세포, 및/또는
(c) 관심 유전자가 APOB, LDLR, LDLRAP1, 및/또는 PCSK9인 방법.
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WO2017053879A1 (en) | 2015-09-24 | 2017-03-30 | Editas Medicine, Inc. | Use of exonucleases to improve crispr/cas-mediated genome editing |
US11597924B2 (en) | 2016-03-25 | 2023-03-07 | Editas Medicine, Inc. | Genome editing systems comprising repair-modulating enzyme molecules and methods of their use |
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CN109481467A (zh) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-03-19 | 山西医科大学 | 人子宫内膜间充质干细胞在改善损伤心肌细胞上的应用 |
US20220111002A1 (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2022-04-14 | University Of Miami | Treatment of sensorineural deafness |
WO2021072361A1 (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2021-04-15 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Gene editing to correct aneuploidies and frame shift mutations |
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