KR20190128953A - Neutralization and oxidation treating apparatus for movable emergency harmful chemical gas exhausting system - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided is a movable emergency harmful chemical gas exhausting system with improved efficiency. A neutralization and oxidation treatment apparatus for movable emergency harmful chemical gas exhaustion system of the present invention, as a neutralization and oxidation treatment apparatus composing the movable emergency harmful chemical gas exhaustion system, includes: a high pressure gas-liquid contact mixing unit absorbing and dissolving a harmful chemical gas flown in at a high pressure by applying a gas-liquid contact mixing nozzle based on a suction chamber; a jet bubbling reaction unit disposed in a lower part of a reaction tank, having a plurality of educators disposed in a duct connected to the high pressure gas-liquid contact mixing unit, and allowing bubbles to be penetrated and diffused into the chemical solution to perform a neutralization treatment process by forming the bubbles while the gas is brought into contact with a peripheral chemical solution by turbulent jetting a flown-in gas into a vortex jet; and a microbubble oxidation unit oxidation-treating the harmful chemical gas by allowing an ozone gas prepared by using oxygen in the air to be mixed with and dissolved in gas remained after being dissolved in the chemical solution within the reaction tank, thereby forming ozone microbubbles.

Description

NEUTRALIZATION AND OXIDATION TREATING APPARATUS FOR MOVABLE EMERGENCY HARMFUL CHEMICAL GAS EXHAUSTING SYSTEM}

The present invention relates to a neutralization and oxidation treatment apparatus for a mobile hazardous chemical gas emergency exhaust system, more specifically, to prevent external diffusion in the event of accidents leaking harmful chemicals in the workplace, it is possible to quickly control the damage caused by environmental accidents The present invention relates to a neutralization and oxidation treatment apparatus for a mobile hazardous chemical gas exhaust system for minimization.

As domestic and international large-scale industrial facilities increase, safety management of industrial facilities, prevention of medium-large accidents and prevention of risks, and rapid control technology are important.In addition, most industrial facilities produce or deal with hazardous substances, resulting in accidents of industrial facilities. Causes enormous physical, human and environmental pollution.

Among various types of accidents, accidents that leak hazardous chemicals and spread into the atmosphere cause damage to the surrounding area depending on weather conditions, and cause serious damage not only to the workers in the industrial facilities but also to civilians outside the leaked industrial facilities. .

These hazardous materials leakage accidents have different rates and ranges of toxic gases depending on the leaked materials, storage facilities, and the atmosphere, so they can be predicted by the rapid diffusion of special chemical analysis vehicles at the accident site. There is a need for the development of an emergency, rapid and optimal mobile emergency exhaust control technology.

The Ministry of Environment has introduced a state-of-the-art chemical accident-preparation vehicle for the chemical accident site to improve its ability to respond to chemical accident sites (external air inflow blocking facilities, automatic material inhalation of accident materials, advanced communication equipment, etc. It is necessary to develop rapid control technology by linking with decontamination equipment for the safety of field personnel, and the cause substance is not identified in the event of a large chemical accident in the presence of over 40,000 chemicals in circulation. Acknowledged that there was a limit to rapid response.

Hazardous materials handled in various industrial complexes, petrochemical plants, semiconductor plants, etc. can vary greatly in the type and size of accidents depending on the type and operating conditions of the hazardous materials. In order to prevent large-scale disasters in petrochemical complexes, comprehensive facility improvement that can secure safety in the workplace considering performance-based disaster prevention design and technology instead of current law-based regulations. It is necessary to develop an optimal control technology that takes into account the characteristics of hazardous chemicals that can leak at the site.

[Preceding technical literature]

[Patent Document] Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2017-0083512 (Published date 2017.07.18.)

Accordingly, the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, to prevent external diffusion in the event of accidents leaking hazardous chemicals in the workplace, and to control quickly to minimize the damage caused by environmental accidents It is an object to provide a neutralization and oxidation treatment device for an emergency exhaust system.

The technical problem of the present invention as described above is achieved by the following means.

(1) A neutralization and oxidation treatment device constituting a mobile hazardous chemical gas emergency exhaust system,

A high pressure gas-liquid contact mixing unit for absorbing and dissolving harmful chemical gases flowing at high pressure by applying a suction chamber-based gas-liquid contact mixing nozzle;

A plurality of eductor is disposed on the conduit connected to the high pressure gas-liquid contact mixing unit, the inlet gas is turbulent sprayed by a vortex jet to contact the surrounding chemical liquid to form bubbles to penetrate into the chemical liquid Neutralized jet bubbling reaction unit; And

A portable harmful particle comprising an; ozone gas made by using oxygen in the air dissolved in the chemical solution in the reaction tank and mixed with the remaining gas to form an ozone microbubble to oxidize the toxic chemical gas; Neutralization and oxidation treatment equipment for chemical gas emergency exhaust system.

(2) In the above (1), the high pressure gas-liquid contact mixing portion

An injection nozzle for injecting a harmful chemical gas supplied from an active leak gas collecting unit;

A suction chamber in which a high pressure harmful chemical gas injected through the injection nozzle is input and a chemical liquid supply port into which the chemical liquid is injected by negative pressure is mixed with the hazardous chemical gas and the chemical liquid; And

Neutralization and oxidation treatment apparatus for a mobile hazardous chemical gas emergency exhaust system, characterized in that consisting of; discharge pipe passage portion communicating with the suction chamber is small and long diameter is formed by absorbing and dissolving harmful chemical gas in the chemical liquid by gas-liquid contact. .

(3) In the above (1), the discharge conduit consists of three regions, the conical conduit, the cylindrical conduit and the diffusion conduit,

The inner surface of the conical pipe portion is formed so as to extend a long guide projections over the entire length of the conical pipe portion in the same direction as the flow path direction, and 90 ° intervals on both sides, the thickness is formed to gradually increase in the direction of progression. Neutralization and oxidation treatment device for a mobile hazardous chemical gas emergency exhaust system, characterized in that.

(4) As described in (3),

In order to make the mixing of the fluid more uniform, the cylindrical pipe part is formed on both the upper and lower surfaces of the cylindrical inner side, and the two-sided inclined protrusions are spaced at 90 ° intervals on both sides to form vortex cells in the upper and lower sides. It is configured to make a uniform mixing, but the angle of the shear inclined surface in the direction of fluid entry with the inner surface of the pipeline is greater than the angle of the rear slope in the direction of fluid flow with the inner surface of the pipeline, four types of two-sided slope Each projection is sequentially provided so as to be spaced apart at a predetermined interval in the advancing direction of the fluid, the neutralization and oxidation treatment apparatus for a mobile hazardous chemical gas emergency exhaust system, characterized in that configured to not disturb the flow of the fluid.

As described above, according to the neutralization and oxidation treatment apparatus for the mobile hazardous chemical gas emergency exhaust system according to the present invention, it is possible to prevent external diffusion in the event of accidents of the leaked hazardous chemicals in the workplace, and to be controlled quickly to damage due to environmental accidents. It can provide a portable hazardous chemical gas emergency exhaust system to minimize.

1 is a block diagram of a mobile hazardous chemical gas emergency exhaust system according to the present invention.
2 is an operation explanatory diagram of an active leak gas collecting unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a diagram illustrating the operation of the neutralization / oxidation treatment unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
4 is an explanatory view of the operation of the high-pressure gas-liquid contact mixing unit of the neutralization / oxidation treatment unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
5 is an explanatory view of the operation of the jet bubbling reaction unit of the neutralization / oxidation treatment unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
6 is an explanatory view of the microbubble oxidation unit of the neutralization / oxidation processing unit according to the embodiment of the present invention.
7 is an explanatory view of the operation of the regeneration type metal catalyst neutralization adsorption unit according to the embodiment of the present invention.
8 is an explanatory view of the operation of the hazardous chemical monitoring leak according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The detailed description, which will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings, is intended to explain exemplary embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to represent the only embodiments in which the present invention may be practiced. The following detailed description includes specific details in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, one of ordinary skill in the art appreciates that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details.

In some instances, well-known structures and devices may be omitted or shown in block diagram form centering on the core functions of the structures and devices in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the present invention.

Throughout the specification, when a part is said to "comprising" (or including) a component, this means that it may further include other components, except to exclude other components unless specifically stated otherwise. do. In addition, the term "... part" described in the specification means a unit for processing at least one function or operation. Also, "a or an", "one", "the", and the like are used differently in the context of describing the present invention (particularly in the context of the following claims). Unless otherwise indicated or clearly contradicted by context, it may be used in the sense including both the singular and the plural.

In describing the embodiments of the present disclosure, when it is determined that a detailed description of a known function or configuration may unnecessarily obscure the subject matter of the present disclosure, the detailed description thereof will be omitted. Terms to be described below are terms defined in consideration of functions in the embodiments of the present invention, and may vary according to intentions or customs of users or operators. Therefore, the definition should be made based on the contents throughout the specification.

The portable hazardous chemical gas emergency exhaust system according to the present invention is mounted on a vehicle to provide mobility, and in case of accidental leakage of hazardous chemicals in the workplace (enclosed space), the hazardous gaseous substances leaked for quick initial response. It provides a portable hazardous chemical gas emergency exhaust system that collects and treats them.

To this end, the hazardous chemical gas emergency exhaust system according to the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, is mounted on a vehicle (not shown), active leakage gas collecting unit 100; A three-step neutralization / oxidation processing unit 200; Repeated regeneration type metal catalyst neutralization adsorption unit 300; And leakage hazardous chemical monitoring unit (400).

As shown in FIG. 2, the active leak gas collecting unit 100 collects leak gas and includes a plurality of intake pipes, and opens and closes the intake pipe depending on the amount of leaked gas or the number of leaked places. Adjust

As illustrated in FIG. 3, the neutralization / oxidation processing unit 200 mixes harmful chemical gases collected by the active leak gas collecting unit 100 with a chemical solution and neutralizes and oxidizes them.

The repeated regeneration type metal catalyst neutralization adsorption unit 300 includes a pair of adsorption towers for adsorbing the neutralized / oxidized harmful chemical gas, as shown in FIG. Continuous operation is possible by oxidizing the hazardous chemical gas adsorbed in the adsorption tower to regenerate or replace the adsorbent.

As shown in FIG. 8, the leaked hazardous chemical monitoring unit 400 senses the leaked hazardous chemical gas, and preferably includes at least two or more sensors.

The active leak gas collecting unit 100 according to the present invention, as shown in Figure 2, by installing an intake pipe at a plurality of points (preferably three or more points) on at least one side of the housing, harmful chemical gas If there is a large amount of leaks or a lot of leaks, it can be actively handled.

In other words, if the leakage amount of harmful chemical gas is small, the intake pipe is sealed (called an airtight point) to reduce the intake amount. On the contrary, in the place where the leakage amount is large, the intake pipe is opened (called an intake point). It is configured to process rapidly by intake and increase the intake point even if there are many leaks.

As such, the active leak gas collecting unit according to the present invention preferably seals and intakes points through analysis of the internal structure of the leak building, weather conditions (temperature, humidity, wind direction, wind speed, etc.), leakage amount and concentration of the leak gas, and the like. It is necessary to determine the recirculation or external diffusion of the treatment gas in the building.

In the present invention, it is possible to minimize the external diffusion by quickly inhaling the harmful chemical gas at the point of leakage, in the beginning of the collection by controlling the intake pump to intake more flow rate than the standard to quickly make the pressure inside the workplace outside diffusion Minimize.

As shown in FIG. 3, the neutralization / oxidation processing unit 200 according to the present invention includes a high pressure gas-liquid contact mixing unit 210 in one step, a jet bubble reaction unit 220 in two steps, and an ozone microbubble in three steps. It is made by sequentially communicating with the oxidation unit 230.

As shown in FIG. 4, the high pressure gas-liquid contact mixing unit 210 serves to absorb and dissolve harmful chemical gases flowing at high pressure by applying a gas-liquid contact mixing nozzle based on a suction chamber.

To this end, the high-pressure gas-liquid contact mixing unit 210 is a spray nozzle 211 for injecting the harmful chemical gas supplied from the active leak gas collecting unit 100, the high-pressure hazardous chemical gas injected through the injection nozzle is input to the negative pressure It has a chemical liquid supply port through which the chemical liquid is introduced, and the suction chamber 212 is mixed with the harmful chemical gas and the chemical liquid, and the suction chamber is in communication with the small diameter is formed by the gas-liquid contact and the harmful chemical gas is absorbed and dissolved in the chemical liquid It is made of a discharge pipe passage portion 213 is discharged.

The discharge pipe 213 is composed of three regions, the conical pipe 213a, the cylindrical pipe 213b and the diffusion pipe 213c, the toxic chemical gas and the chemical liquid gradually in the conical pipe 213a It is pressurized as it enters the narrowing pipe line, and the mixing is more uniformly performed in the cylindrical pipe line part 213b, and is diffused and discharged through the diffusion pipe part 213c at the last stage to be subsequently passed through a predetermined connection line (not shown). Is injected into the jet bubbling reaction unit.

Preferably, the long guide protrusions 213a1 extend on the inner surface of the conical pipe portion 213a with respect to the entire length of the conical pipe portion 213a at an interval of 90 ㅀ on both the upper and lower surfaces and both sides in the same direction as the flow path direction. It is formed to be, but the thickness is formed to gradually become thick in the direction of travel to guide the direction of the fluid (hazardous chemical gas + chemical liquid) and at the same time sufficiently pressurized into the cylindrical pipe 213b to be able to enter quickly.

Preferably, the cylindrical pipe passage portion 213b has a double-sided inclined protrusion 213b1, 213b2, and 213b3 spaced at 90 [deg.] Intervals on both sides of the cylindrical inner top and bottom surfaces so that the fluid is more uniformly mixed. , 213b4) is formed to form a vortex cell in the upper and lower sides and in both side directions so that uniform mixing can be achieved. At this time, the angle of the shear inclined surface in the direction in which the fluid enters with the inner surface of the conduit is larger than the angle of the rear inclined surface in the direction in which the fluid passes through the inner surface of the conduit. Furthermore, these four double-sided inclined protrusions are sequentially provided so as to be spaced apart by a predetermined interval in the direction of fluid, respectively, so as not to disturb the flow of the fluid.

As shown in FIG. 5, the second step of the jet bubbling reaction unit 220 is disposed on the lower portion of the reactor and is disposed on a plurality of pipes connected to the diffusion distribution unit 213 of the high pressure gas-liquid contact mixing unit 210. Eductor (221) is configured to be offset to each other in the opposite direction, the gas introduced from the high-pressure gas-liquid contact mixing unit 210 of the first step is turbulent sprayed by a vortex jet to contact the surrounding chemical liquid bubbles It forms and penetrates into the chemical solution and is neutralized.

Preferably, the eductor 221 is in communication with the nozzle portion 221a to be introduced from the high pressure gas-liquid contact mixing portion through the connection pipe, the open chamber 221b into which the chemical liquid is injected, and the open chamber 221b to inject the fluid. It consists of the diffusion part 221c. That is, when the fluid is injected at high speed from the nozzle portion 221a, the chemical liquid is introduced into the inlet of the open chamber 221b by pressure, and the fluid is discharged in the jet bubble form through the diffusion portion 221c together with the introduced chemical liquid. Lose.

At this time, the nozzle portion 221a is also formed on the inner surface such that the long guide projections 221a1 extend over the entire length of the conduit at intervals of 90 ° on the upper and lower surfaces, and on both sides, in the same direction as the flow path direction. It is formed to gradually thicken in the direction to guide the direction of the fluid (hazardous chemical gas + chemical) and at the same time sufficiently pressurized into the open chamber (221b) to be able to enter quickly.

In addition, in order to make the mixing of the fluid more uniform in the diffusion part 221c, the double-sided inclined protrusions 221c1, 221c2, 221c3, and 221c4, which are spaced at 90 [deg.] Intervals on both sides of the cylindrical inner top and bottom surfaces, respectively, It is formed to form a vortex cell in the upper and lower sides and both side directions to ensure uniform mixing. At this time, the angle of the shear inclined surface in the direction in which the fluid enters with the inner surface of the conduit is larger than the angle of the rear inclined surface in the direction in which the fluid passes through the inner surface of the conduit. Furthermore, these four double-sided inclined protrusions are sequentially provided so as to be spaced apart by a predetermined interval in the direction of fluid, respectively, so that the jet bubbles are evenly distributed in a wide area in a rotational manner.

As such, the rapidly absorbed gas is neutralized and removed according to its type, and is continuously absorbed (dissolved) and absorbed (dissolved) by being contacted with the hazardous chemical gas in one stage again by a separate circulation pump from the chemical tank and the reaction tank. It is desirable to allow the neutralization reaction to be carried out.

As shown in FIG. 6, the ozone microbubble oxidation unit 230, which is a third stage, is dissolved in the chemical solution in the second stage reaction tank and the remaining gas is diffused upward. The ozone microbubble 231 uses the ozone microbubble. The detoxification treatment through contact is carried out by spraying downward through.

That is, the ozone microbubble device is used to mix ozone gas formed from oxygen in the air with the chemical liquid of the two-stage reaction tank as an inflow water to form an ozone microbubble chemical liquid (50 μm) first, and a stepwise swirl flow nozzle ( (Not shown) to form an ultrafine ozone microbubble of 20 µm or less.

The ultra-fine ozone microbubbles generated as described above are converted into CO ₂ and H ₂ O by being in contact with the gas using an oxidizing power such as OH radicals, and are harmless.

Repeated regeneration type metal catalyst neutralization adsorption unit 300 according to the present invention is harmful to have a characteristic that must be treated by using an adsorbent that is difficult to remove through the treatment of the hazardous chemical gas by the three-stage neutralization / oxidation treatment unit 200 described above. Depending on the presence of the chemical gas, preferably as shown in Figure 7, it is designed to enable continuous operation so that regeneration and replacement can be made before the adsorbent is destroyed.

That is, the adsorption tower according to the present invention consists of a pair of left and right, and while one adsorption tower (called the first adsorption tower) adsorbs the harmful chemical gas, it oxidizes the harmful chemical gas adsorbed from the other adsorption tower (called the second adsorption tower). If the hazardous chemical gas having the problem of regeneration or ignition or secondary pollution is adsorbed by treatment, it is possible to replace it and continuously operate through the regenerated and replaced adsorbent.

 Referring to FIG. 7A, when destruction of the first adsorption tower 310 in which adsorption and neutralization proceeds as in operation method 1 is performed, the hazardous chemical gas is measured to a predetermined concentration or more through a monitoring device at a later stage. H) change the mode from the operation method 1 to the operation method 2 to proceed with the regeneration or replacement of the first adsorption tower 310, the adsorption and neutralization reaction proceeds continuously in the second adsorption tower (320). To this end, the control unit controls the opening and closing of the valve installed on the conduit so that the hot air fan 330 can supply hot air to the adsorption tower in which regeneration or replacement is performed.

In the present invention, the adsorbent filled in the adsorption tower is not particularly limited, but a nanostructured adsorbent / catalyst is used. For example, carbon monoxide, phosphine, and arsine may increase treatment efficiency than conventional adsorbents by attaching metals capable of neutralizing the material.

Figure 7b is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a schematic diagram of the adsorbent layer constituting the adsorption tower, the adsorbent layer is made of a cartridge form, the first adsorbent layer 310a is filled with a first adsorbent, the end The first storage part 310a2 and the first protrusion part 310a1 are successively formed,

The second adsorbent layer 310b is filled with a second adsorbent, and a second protrusion 310b1 accommodated in the first accommodating portion and a second accommodating portion 310b2 accommodating the first protrusion are formed in the front end portion. The first adsorbent layer and the second adsorbent layer are detachably coupled to each other, and a third accommodating portion 310b4 and a third protrusion 310b3 are successively formed at the rear end of the second adsorbent layer.

The third adsorbent layer fills the third adsorbent, and the front end portion is formed with a fourth protrusion 310c1 accommodated in the third accommodating portion and a fourth accommodating portion 310c2 accommodating the third protrusion. The second adsorbent layer and the third adsorbent layer may be detachably coupled to each other, and the first protrusion, the second protrusion, and the third protrusion are filled with the first adsorbent, the second adsorbent, and the third adsorbent, respectively. .

For example, the above configuration may occur in which the first gas adsorbed to the first adsorbent and the second gas adsorbed to the second adsorbent are not easily adsorbed to each adsorbent due to the intermolecular force. By passing the second adsorbent between the adsorbents, the influence of the second gas can be eliminated so that the first gas can be completely adsorbed by the subsequent first adsorbent (filled in the first protrusion 310a1). do. Similarly, the third and fourth protrusions 310b3 and 310c1 may be provided to remove the mutual attraction between the second gas and the third gas, thereby significantly reducing the interference between the harmful chemical gas molecules, thereby improving the adsorption efficiency. It can be improved.

As shown in FIG. 8, the leakage hazardous chemical monitoring unit 400 according to the present invention applies a hybrid system of a PID method and an electrochemical method to monitor 19 kinds of materials. In other words, 19 kinds of substances are monitored using a PID sensor, but low-responsive substances require auxiliary electrochemical sensors.

In addition, in case of high temperature and high humidity, the pretreatment equipment is mounted inside the measuring device to minimize sensing errors.

According to the present invention, it is possible to simultaneously monitor environmental information such as temperature and humidity of the harmful gas treatment facility, flow rate, and to use it for evaluating operating efficiency characteristics and for emergency diagnosis during system operation.

In particular, the mobile harmful gas emergency exhaust system according to the present invention is mounted on a vehicle, and a weather sensor (wind direction, wind speed) is installed on the vehicle to check in which direction the current flows so that the future movement diffusion path can be identified.

100: active leak gas collecting unit
200: neutralization / oxidation treatment unit
300: repeated regeneration metal catalyst neutralization adsorption unit
400: leaking hazardous chemical monitoring unit

Claims (4)

In the neutralization and oxidation treatment device constituting the mobile hazardous chemical gas emergency exhaust system,
A high pressure gas-liquid contact mixing unit for absorbing and dissolving harmful chemical gases flowing at high pressure by applying a suction chamber-based gas-liquid contact mixing nozzle;
A plurality of eductor is disposed on the conduit connected to the high pressure gas-liquid contact mixing unit, the inlet gas is turbulent sprayed by a vortex jet to contact the surrounding chemical liquid to form bubbles to penetrate into the chemical liquid Neutralized jet bubbling reaction unit; And
A portable harmful particle comprising an; ozone gas made by using oxygen in the air dissolved in the chemical solution in the reaction tank and mixed with the remaining gas to form an ozone microbubble to oxidize the toxic chemical gas; Neutralization and oxidation treatment equipment for chemical gas emergency exhaust system. According to claim 1, wherein the high pressure gas-liquid contact mixing portion
An injection nozzle for injecting a harmful chemical gas supplied from an active leak gas collecting unit;
A suction chamber in which a high pressure harmful chemical gas injected through the injection nozzle is input and a chemical liquid supply port into which the chemical liquid is injected by negative pressure is mixed with the hazardous chemical gas and the chemical liquid; And
Neutralization and oxidation treatment apparatus for a mobile hazardous chemical gas emergency exhaust system, characterized in that consisting of; discharge pipe passage portion communicating with the suction chamber is small and long diameter is formed by absorbing and dissolving harmful chemical gas in the chemical liquid by gas-liquid contact. . According to claim 1, wherein the discharge conduit consists of three regions of the conical conduit, the cylindrical conduit and the diffusion conduit,
The inner surface of the conical pipe portion formed in the same direction as the flow direction in the upper and lower surfaces, and 90 ㅀ intervals on both sides formed to extend the long guide projections over the entire length of the conical pipe portion, the thickness is formed to gradually increase in the direction of progression Neutralization and oxidation treatment device for a mobile hazardous chemical gas emergency exhaust system, characterized in that. 4. The cylindrical pipe passage portion according to claim 3
In order to make the mixing of the fluid more uniform, double-sided inclined protrusions are formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the cylindrical interior at 90 ° intervals on both sides to form vortex cells in both the upper and lower surfaces and uniformly. The angle at which the shear inclined surface in the direction of the fluid enters the inner surface of the conduit is larger than the angle at which the rear inclined surface in the direction in which the fluid passes is formed at the inner surface of the conduit. Neutralization and oxidation treatment apparatus for a mobile hazardous chemical gas emergency exhaust system, characterized in that it is provided so as not to interfere with the flow of the fluid by sequentially spaced predetermined intervals in the direction of travel.

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