KR20190081682A - Device for narrowband internet of things and method for operating the device - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed are an NB-IoT terminal device and an operating method thereof. According to an embodiment of the present invention, a narrowband-Internet of Things (NB-IoT) terminal device comprises: a tracking area update (TAU) processing unit which includes a TAU timer and a TAU message processor, wherein the TAU message processor controls start and stop operations of the TAU timer, and controls operations of generating a TAU request message in response to the expiration of a first time which is previously set in the TAU timer and transmitting the generated TAU request message to a base station; and a data transmission processing unit which includes a data transmission timer and a data message processor, wherein the data message processor controls start and stop operations of the data transmission timer in response to the generation of NB-IoT data requested to be transmitted to an application related to the NB-IoT, and controls generation of a data message including the NB-IoT data in consideration of whether the second time set in advance in the data transmission timer expires. Thus, signaling overhead and data throughput can be reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to an NB-IoT terminal apparatus and a method for operating the same,

This disclosure relates to NB (Narrowband) -IoT (Internet of Things) technology, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for signaling and optimization of data transmission and reception.

Based on a large extension on a non-backward-compatible variant of Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), a radio access to the cellular internet of things (IoT) NB (Narrowband) -IoT (Internet of Things) system is being studied.

With the NB-IoT system, it is possible to improve indoor coverage, a large number of low throughput devices, low delay sensitivity, extremely low device cost, low device power consumption, architecture can be supported.

Due to the characteristics of the NB-IoT system, a small amount of data may be intermittently generated in the NB-IoT terminal apparatus provided in the NB-IoT system, and the resources provided may be limited. In consideration of this, the NB-IoT terminal is required to provide a communication architecture and a solution capable of applying signaling, which have low data processing complexity and minimize power consumption of the terminal.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides an NB-IoT terminal apparatus and a method of operating the same that can reduce signaling overhead and data throughput in an NB-IoT system.

The technical objects to be achieved by the present disclosure are not limited to the above-mentioned technical subjects, and other technical subjects which are not mentioned are to be clearly understood from the following description to those skilled in the art It will be possible.

According to one aspect of the present disclosure, an NB-IoT terminal apparatus can be provided. The apparatus includes a TAU (Tracking Area Update) timer and a TAU message processing unit, wherein the TAU message processing unit controls start and stop operations of the TAU timer, A TAU processing unit for generating a TAU request message in response to expiration of a first time preset in the TAU timer and controlling transmission of the generated TAU request message to a base station, Wherein the data message processing unit controls the start and stop operations of the data transfer timer in response to the generation of the NB-IoT data requested to be transmitted to the application related to the NB-IoT, The generation of the data message including the NB-IoT data is controlled in consideration of the expiration of the second time And a data transmission processing unit.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a method of operating an NB-IOT terminal apparatus can be provided. The method comprises the steps of: starting an operation of a TAU (Tracking Area Update) timer; determining whether a first time preset in the TAU timer has expired; Generating a TAU request message, transmitting the TAU request message to a base station, confirming whether NB-IoT data is generated, generating a data transmission timer corresponding to the generation of the NB-IoT data, Generating a data message including the NB-IoT data in consideration of the expiration of a second time preset in the data transmission timer; and transmitting the data message to the base station, .

The features briefly summarized above for this disclosure are only exemplary aspects of the detailed description of the disclosure which follow, and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure.

According to the present disclosure, an NB-IoT terminal apparatus and a method of operating the NB-IoT terminal apparatus capable of reducing signaling overhead and data throughput in an NB-IoT system can be provided.

Also, according to the present disclosure, an NB-IoT terminal apparatus capable of transmitting user data generated in an NB-IoT terminal through a signaling message used in a control plane and an operation method thereof can be provided.

In addition, according to the present disclosure, an NB-IoT terminal apparatus and a method for operating the NB-IoT terminal apparatus capable of remarkably reducing the number of data transmissions when periodically transmitting a small amount of measurement information generated in an NB-IoT terminal can be provided.

Also, according to the present disclosure, it is possible to minimize the number of signaling transmissions and reduce the overhead, thereby minimizing NB-IoT terminal device scheduling load, resource saving, and battery consumption.

The effects obtainable from the present disclosure are not limited to the effects mentioned above, and other effects not mentioned can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description below will be.

1 is a diagram illustrating an example of an NB-IoT system to which an NB (Internet of Things) terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is applied.
2A and 2B are diagrams illustrating operation of an NB-IoT system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
3 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of an NB-IoT terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a TAU request message used in an NB-IoT terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a TAU response message used in an NB-IoT terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
6 is a flow chart illustrating operation of an NB-IoT terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
7 is a block diagram illustrating a computing system that implements an NB-IoT terminal and its method of operation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which will be easily understood by those skilled in the art. However, the present disclosure may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein.

In the following description of the embodiments of the present invention, a detailed description of known functions and configurations incorporated herein will be omitted when it may make the subject matter of the present disclosure rather unclear. Parts not related to the description of the present disclosure in the drawings are omitted, and like parts are denoted by similar reference numerals.

In the present disclosure, when an element is referred to as being "connected", "coupled", or "connected" to another element, it is understood that not only a direct connection relationship but also an indirect connection relationship May also be included. Also, when an element is referred to as " comprising "or" having "another element, it is meant to include not only excluding another element but also another element .

In the present disclosure, the terms first, second, etc. are used only for the purpose of distinguishing one element from another, and do not limit the order or importance of elements, etc. unless specifically stated otherwise. Thus, within the scope of this disclosure, a first component in one embodiment may be referred to as a second component in another embodiment, and similarly a second component in one embodiment may be referred to as a first component .

In the present disclosure, the components that are distinguished from each other are intended to clearly illustrate each feature and do not necessarily mean that components are separate. That is, a plurality of components may be integrated into one hardware or software unit, or a single component may be distributed into a plurality of hardware or software units. Thus, unless otherwise noted, such integrated or distributed embodiments are also included within the scope of this disclosure.

In the present disclosure, the components described in the various embodiments are not necessarily essential components, and some may be optional components. Thus, embodiments consisting of a subset of the components described in one embodiment are also included within the scope of the present disclosure. Also, embodiments that include other elements in addition to the elements described in the various embodiments are also included in the scope of the present disclosure.

In the present invention, position coordinates of a player obtained by tracking an athlete present in an image using an object tracking technique and position coordinates of a player obtained by a wireless positioning sensor (UWB) are input and fused to obtain more accurate position information Thereby providing a system for analyzing the performance of athletes.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a diagram illustrating an example of an NB-IoT system to which an NB (Internet of Things) terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is applied.

The NB-IOT system is based on a large expansion on a non-backward-compatible variant of Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) (IoT) using bandwidth narrower than bandwidth used in E-UTRA such as LTE (Long Term Evolution) for radio access.

NB-IoT System From the point of view of the Internet (IoT), except that it uses a very narrow bandwidth, it can be linked to MTC (machine-type communication) or M2M (machine to machine) .

IoT system The information exchange between the NB-IoT terminals (UEs) 11 and 12 via the base station 15 without human interaction or the exchange of information between the NB-IoT terminal 11 and the NB- The information exchange between the IPT servers 18 can be included.

The NB-IOT server 18 is an entity communicating with the NB-IoT terminal 11. [ The NB-IoT server can execute an application related to the NB-IoT or provide the NB-IoT specific service to the NB-IoT terminal 11. [

The NB-IoT terminal 11 is a wireless device providing NB-IoT, and may be fixed or mobile. The NB-IOT terminal 11 can execute an application related to the NB-IoT, or can provide data generated in the execution of the application to the NB-IOT server 18.

In order to provide data to the NB-IOT server 18, the NB-IoT terminal 11 transmits the data to the base station 15 and the base station 15 transmits the data to the NB-IoT server 18 . To this end, the NB-IoT terminal 11, the base station 15, and the NB-IOT server 18 can perform mutual connection using a predefined protocol, and can set a transmission path for data transmission / reception .

On the other hand, an application related to NB-IoT can be configured to intermittently transmit and receive a small amount of data. Accordingly, the NB-IoT terminal 11 can be provided so as to provide a small amount of data generated intermittently to the base station 15.

The NB-IoT terminal 11 and the base station 15 can be provided to track the NB-IoT terminal 11 in an idle state using a TAU (Tracking Area Update) function. The NB- 11 may provide a small amount of data that is generated intermittently to the base station 15 through a TAU message used to perform the TAU function.

2A and 2B are diagrams illustrating operation of an NB-IoT system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 2A, the NB-IoT terminal 11 may include a TAU timer to perform a TAU (Tracking Area Update) function. For example, the TAU timer may include T3412.

The NB-IoT terminal 11 can switch the state of the terminal to the idle state and start the operation of the TAU timer (S201). The NB-IoT terminal 11 generates a TAUTracking Area Update (TAU) request message and provides the TAU request message to the base station 15 (S202) as the preset time of the TAU timer expires.

Accordingly, the base station 15 can receive the TAU request message from the NB-IoT terminal 11 and switch the idle state to the connected state (S203). Then, the base station 15 can generate a TAU response message and provide it to the NB-IoT terminal 11 (S204).

Thereafter, the base station 15 can switch the Connected state to the Idle state (S205). Similarly, the NB-IoT terminal 11 can also switch to the idle state and start the operation of the TAU timer (S206).

The NB-IoT terminal 11 and the base station 15 can continuously perform the TAU function by repeatedly performing the above-described operation (S207 to S209).

On the other hand, the NB-IoT terminal 11 can generate a small amount of data to be transmitted / received intermittently while performing an application related to the NB-IoT.

In order to transmit the generated data, the NB-IoT terminal 11 must switch the connection state from the idle state to the connected state to the base station 15 and then perform data transmission to the base station 15 do.

For example, referring to FIG. 2B, the NB-IoT terminal 11 may switch the state of the terminal to an idle state and perform an operation of the TAU timer (S211).

When the NB-IoT terminal 11 operates the TAU timer and data is generated by an application related to the NB-IoT (S212), the NB-IoT terminal 11 generates a TAU request message and provides it to the base station 15 (S213).

Accordingly, the base station 15 receives the TAU request message from the NB-IoT terminal 11, switches the Idle state to the Connected state, and generates a TAU response message to transmit the TAU response message to the NB-IoT terminal 11 (S214).

Thereafter, the NB-IoT terminal 11 can provide a message including data by the application related to the NB-IoT to the base station 15 (S215).

The base station 15 can receive and process a message including data by an application related to the NB-IoT from the NB-IoT terminal 11 and transmit a response message to the NB-IoT terminal 11, (S216).

The NB-IoT terminal 11 and the base station 15 can repeatedly perform the above-described operation, thereby transmitting and receiving data by the application related to the NB-IoT while continuously performing the TAU function (S217 to S221).

In steps S215 and S216, the NB-IoT terminal 11 and the base station 15 use the ESM DATA TRANSPORT message, which is a message used to transition from the idle state to the connected state, Data can be transmitted and received by an application. That is, the NB-IoT terminal 11 can transmit data to the base station 15 by storing the application data related to the NB-IoT in the ESM DATA TRANSPORT request message, and the base station 15 uses the ESM DATA TRANSPORT response message And transmit a response message to the message reception.

Through this operation, the NB-IoT terminal 11 and the base station 15 can transmit and receive data generated in the application related to the NB-IoT, but after transmitting the TAU request / response message, the ESM DATA TRANSPORT request / A response message must be transmitted, so that there is a problem that the time spent for sending and receiving a message and the resource are consumed.

The NB-IoT system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method of minimizing overhead of resources used for message transmission and reception.

In particular, the NB-IoT terminal provided in the NB-IOT system can provide a configuration capable of transmitting a TAU request / response message and an ESM DATA TRANSPORT request / response message in an integrated manner.

Hereinafter, the configuration and operation of the NB-IoT terminal provided in the NB-IoT system will be described in detail.

3 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of an NB-IoT terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 3, the NB-IoT terminal 30 may include a TAU processing unit 31 and a data transfer processing unit 35.

The TAU processing section 31 may include a TAU timer 32 and a TAU message processing section 33. The TAU timer 32 may be a timer for setting a predetermined time for performing the TAU function.

The TAU message processing unit 33 can generate a TAU request message as the time set in the TAU timer 32 expires. The TAU message processing unit 33 may perform an operation of transmitting a TAU request message to the base station 15.

For example, the TAU message processing unit 33 can generate a TAU request message and transmit it to the base station 15 as no data is generated in the application related to the NB-IoT until the time set in the TAU timer 32 expires have.

In addition, the TAU message processing unit 33 can be interlocked with the data transfer processing unit 35. [ Specifically, when data is generated in the application related to the NB-IoT before the time set in the TAU timer 32 expires, the TAU message processing unit 33 transmits the ESM message containing the data provided by the data transfer processing unit 35 To generate a TAU request message with a container, and to transmit the TAU request message to the base station 15.

The TAU message processing unit 33 can receive the TAU response message from the base station 15 and can provide a command to the TAU timer 32 in response to the reception of the TAU response message.

The TAU request message with the ESM message container can be illustrated as in FIG. 4, and the TAU response message can be illustrated as in FIG.

Meanwhile, the data transmission processing unit 35 may include a data transmission timer 36 and a data message processing unit 37.

The data transfer timer 36 can start the operation of the timer based on the time point at which the data is transferred in the application related to the NB-IoT, and provides the data message processing unit 37 with the fact that the predetermined time has expired in the timer . At this time, the time set in the data transfer timer 36 may be set to be relatively shorter than the time set in the TAU timer 32. [

The data message processing unit 37 may generate a data message or a data message container including data in an application related to the NB-IoT and perform an operation of transmitting the data message container.

In particular, the data message processing unit 37 can interwork with the TAU processing unit 31 to process data. For example, when the time set in the TAU timer 32 expires before the time set in the data transfer timer 36 expires, the data message processing unit 37 may notify the NB- To the TAU message processing unit 33. FIG.

As another example, when the time set in the data transfer timer 36 expires before the time set in the TAU timer 32 expires, the data message processing unit 37 may write the data including the data in the application related to the NB-IoT Message can be generated. At this time, the data message processing unit 37 can generate a Control Plane Service Request message and generate a Control Plane Service Request message so that a data message container including data is included in an application related to the NB-IoT.

In addition, the data message processing unit 37 can notify the TAU processing unit 31 of the transmission of the Control Plane Service Request message. Corresponding to this, the TAU processing section 31 waits for a predetermined time, and can proceed the TAU operation again.

6 is a flow chart illustrating operation of an NB-IoT terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

6, the TAU message processing unit 33 provides the TAU timer 32 with an instruction or signal instructing the operation of the TAU timer 32, and the operation of the TAU timer 32 can be started (S601 ).

In step S602, the TAU message processing unit 33 can check whether the predetermined first time of the TAU timer 32 has expired.

If the predetermined first time of the TAU timer 32 has expired, the process proceeds to step S609. If the predetermined first time of the TAU timer 32 has not expired, the process may proceed to step S603.

The step S603 may be performed by the data message processing unit 37. [ The data message processing unit 37 can confirm whether or not data is transferred in the application related to the NB-IoT, and confirm that the data transfer is requested in the application related to the NB-IoT.

In step S604, the data message processing unit 37 provides an instruction or signal instructing the operation of the data transfer timer 36 to the data transfer timer 36, and the operation of the data transfer timer 36 can be started.

In step S605, the TAU message processing unit 33 can confirm whether or not the predetermined second time of the data transfer timer 36 has expired.

If the predetermined second time of the data transfer timer 36 has expired, the process proceeds to step S606. If the predetermined second time of the data transfer timer 36 has not expired, the process may proceed to step S602.

The step S606 may be performed when the second time set in the data transfer timer 36 expires before the first time set in the TAU timer 32 expires. Accordingly, the data message processing unit 37 can generate a data message including data in an application related to the NB-IoT. At this time, the data message processing unit 37 can generate a Control Plane Service Request message and generate a Control Plane Service Request message so that a data message container including data is included in an application related to the NB-IoT.

In addition, the data message processing unit 37 can notify the TAU processing unit 31 of the transmission of the Control Plane Service Request message (S607). In response to this, the TAU message processing unit 33 waits for a predetermined third time (S608), and then proceeds to the TAU timer 32 again to provide an instruction or signal for instructing the start of the timer operation.

 In step S609, the TAU message processor 33 generates a TAU request message according to the expiration of the first time set in the TAU timer 32, and transmits the TAU request message to the base station.

At this time, the TAU message processing unit 33 may generate the TAU request message differently depending on whether data is generated in the application related to the NB-IoT before the first time set in the TAU timer 32 expires.

For example, when no data is generated in the application related to the NB-IoT before the first time set in the TAU timer 32 expires, the TAU message processing unit 33 generates a normal TAU request message and transmits it to the base station .

On the other hand, when data is generated in the application related to the NB-IoT before the first time set in the TAU timer 32 expires, the TAU message processing unit 33 receives the data related to the NB-IoT from the data message processing unit 37 The generated data can be received, and the TAU request message can be generated by storing this (data generated in the application related to the NB-IoT) in the ESM message container.

Next, in step S610, the TAU message processing unit 33 can receive a TAU response message from the base station (S610). In response to receiving the TAU response message, the TAU message processing unit 33 Alternatively, the operation of providing the signal can be resumed (S611).

Through the above-described embodiment of the present disclosure, it is possible to minimize the number of signaling transmissions, thereby reducing the overhead and minimizing the scheduling load, resource saving, and battery consumption of the NB-IoT terminal.

7 is a block diagram illustrating a computing system that implements an NB-IoT terminal and its method of operation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

7, a computing system 1000 may include at least one processor 1100, a memory 1300, a storage 1600, and a network interface 1700 that are connected via a bus 1200.

The processor 1100 may be a central processing unit (CPU) or a memory device 1300 and / or a semiconductor device that performs processing for instructions stored in the storage 1600. Memory 1300 and storage 1600 may include various types of volatile or non-volatile storage media. For example, the memory 1300 may include a ROM (Read Only Memory) and a RAM (Random Access Memory).

Thus, the steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by processor 1100, or in a combination of the two. The software module may reside in a storage medium (i.e., memory 1300 and / or storage 1600) such as a RAM memory, a flash memory, a ROM memory, an EPROM memory, an EEPROM memory, a register, a hard disk, a removable disk, You may. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor 1100, which can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. Alternatively, the storage medium may be integral to the processor 1100. [ The processor and the storage medium may reside within an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The ASIC may reside within the user terminal. Alternatively, the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in a user terminal.

Further, the computing system 1000 may further include a user interface input device 1400, a user interface output device 1500, and the like.

Although the exemplary methods of this disclosure are represented by a series of acts for clarity of explanation, they are not intended to limit the order in which the steps are performed, and if necessary, each step may be performed simultaneously or in a different order. In order to implement the method according to the present disclosure, the illustrative steps may additionally include other steps, include the remaining steps except for some steps, or may include additional steps other than some steps.

The various embodiments of the disclosure are not intended to be all-inclusive and are intended to be illustrative of the typical aspects of the disclosure, and the features described in the various embodiments may be applied independently or in a combination of two or more.

In addition, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. In the case of hardware implementation, one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field programmable gate arrays A general processor, a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, and the like.

The scope of the present disclosure is to be accorded the broadest interpretation as understanding of the principles of the invention, as well as software or machine-executable instructions (e.g., operating system, applications, firmware, Instructions, and the like are stored and are non-transitory computer-readable medium executable on the device or computer.

Claims (16)

In an NB (Narrowband) -IoT (Internet of Things) terminal,
Wherein the TAU message processing unit controls a start and stop operation of the TAU timer, and in response to expiration of a preset first time in the TAU timer, And controls the operation of transmitting the generated TAU request message to the base station.
Wherein the data message processing unit controls a start and stop operation of the data transfer timer in response to generation of NB-IoT data requested to be transmitted to an application related to the NB-IoT, Wherein the control unit controls generation of a data message including the NB-IoT data by considering whether or not a second predetermined time has elapsed in the transmission timer.
The method according to claim 1,
The TAU message processing unit,
Wherein the NB-IoT terminal receives the NB-IoT data from the data message processor and generates a TAU request message including the NB-IoT data.
3. The method of claim 2,
Wherein the data message processor comprises:
Wherein the NB-IoT data is provided to the TAU message processing unit in response to expiration of a first time preset in the TAU timer before a second predetermined time set in the data transmission timer expires. Terminal device.
The method according to claim 1,
The TAU message processing unit,
And provides a signal to the TAU timer indicating a start of the TAU timer in response to receiving a TAU response message corresponding to the TAU request message from the base station.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the data message processor comprises:
Generating a data message including the NB-IoT data in response to expiration of a second time preset in the data transmission timer before a first time preset in the TAU timer expires, To the NB-IoT terminal.
6. The method of claim 5,
The data message comprising:
And a Control Plane Service Request message for requesting switching of the idle state of the NB-IoT terminal apparatus to a connected state.
6. The method of claim 5,
Wherein the data message processor comprises:
And provides the TAU message processing unit with information indicating that the data message has been transmitted to the base station.
6. The method of claim 5,
Wherein the data message processor comprises:
Providing the TAU message processing unit with information indicating that a second time preset in the data transmission timer has expired,
The TAU message processing unit,
And stops the transmission operation of the TAU request message.
8. The method of claim 7,
The TAU message processing unit,
Wherein the NB-IoT terminal waits for a predetermined third time in response to receiving information indicating that the data message has been transmitted to the base station, and requests the start of the TAU timer.
1. A method for operating an Internet of Things (NB) terminal,
Starting a TAU (Tracking Area Update) timer operation,
Generating a TAU request message by considering the expiration of a first time preset in the TAU timer;
Transmitting the TAU request message to a base station;
Checking whether NB-IoT data is generated,
Initiating an operation of a data transmission timer in response to the generation of the NB-IoT data;
Generating a data message including the NB-IoT data by considering whether or not a second time preset in the data transmission timer expires;
And transmitting the data message to a base station.
11. The method of claim 10,
The step of generating the TAU request message comprises:
The idle state of the NB-IoT terminal device is requested to be switched to the connected state in response to the NB-IoT data being not generated until the first time preset in the TAU timer expires, And generating the TAU request message including information on the NB-IoT terminal device.
11. The method of claim 10,
The step of generating the TAU request message comprises:
And generating the TAU request message including the NB-IoT data corresponding to the expiration of the first time preset in the TAU timer before the second predetermined time set in the data transmission timer expires, - Operation method of IoT terminal device.
11. The method of claim 10,
The generating of the data message comprises:
And generating a data message including the NB-IoT data in response to expiration of a second predetermined time set in the data transmission timer before the first time preset in the TAU timer expires, A method of operating a terminal device.
14. The method of claim 13,
The data message comprising:
And a Control Plane Service Request message requesting switching of the idle state of the NB-IoT terminal apparatus to a connected state.
14. The method of claim 13,
The generating of the data message comprises:
And stopping the operation of the TAU timer in response to expiration of a second predetermined time set in the data transmission timer before the first predetermined time in the TAU timer expires. Operating method.
14. The method of claim 13,
The generating of the data message comprises:
Waiting for a predetermined third time in response to expiration of a second time preset in the data transmission timer before the first time preset in the TAU timer expires and requesting the start of the TAU timer A method of operating an NB-IoT terminal apparatus.

Images