KR20190079465A - Atypical structure modeling apparatus and method applicable to 3d printer - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an atypical structural modeling apparatus applicable to a three-dimensional printer and a method thereof. The atypical structural modeling method applicable to a three-dimensional printer comprises: an input step of receiving two-dimensional data having cross-sectional information of a specific object; a three-dimensional data forming step of forming three-dimensional data having three-dimensional shape information of the specific object by using the two-dimensional data; a coordinate extraction step of acquiring coordinate data from three-dimensional data having the three-dimensional shape information of the specific object; a volume data forming step of forming volume data of the specific object using the coordinate data; and a structure forming step of forming an atypical structure in the volume data.

Description

Technical Field [0001] The present invention relates to an atypical structural modeling apparatus and method applicable to 3D printers,

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an irregular structure modeling apparatus and method applicable to a 3D printer, and more particularly, to an irregular structure modeling apparatus and method for generating an object having an irregular structure similar to an actual living tissue with a 3D printer .

A 3D printer is a device that produces a three-dimensional solid article according to the input scheme. 3D printers have been used to create prototypes for shape recognition, but in recent years, they have been used as a means to produce practical parts such as automobile parts with low labor and low cost.

In such a 3D printer, a three-dimensional shape modeled through software for operating a three-dimensional drawing such as CAD is converted into slice data divided into a plurality of thin cross-sectional layers, and then a plate-shaped sheet is formed and laminated by using the slice data.

In particular, with respect to the field of bio-industry, there is an increasing number of attempts to produce sculptures capable of replacing living tissues using 3D printers. Although the existing biopsy replacement sculpture has a problem in that it is expensive to manufacture, when the 3D printer is used, it is possible to produce the replacement sculpture at a low cost, so that the above-described problems can be solved, 3D printers are attracting attention.

In this regard, conventionally, when a 3D printer is used to form a living tissue replacement sculpture, first, cross-sectional information of a specific object is merged to form a three-dimensional shape as shown in Non-Patent Document 1, The model was modeled in a three-dimensional shape using software, and then the modeled file was printed through a 3D printer.

However, the modified structure can not substitute for the role of a living tissue having an irregular structure. Thus, a living tissue replacing sculpture formed in the above-described manner is actually transferred to a damaged area to replace a damaged part of a human body, There is a problem that the biotissue replacement sculpture can not exert its function.

Non-Patent Document 1: Three-dimensional volume reconstruction from slice data using phase-field models (Yibao Li, Jaemin Shin, Yongho Choi, Junseok Kim, Computer Vision and Image Understanding Volume 137, August 2015, Pages 115-124)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a 3D model printer capable of being applied to a 3D printer capable of having a non- And a method thereof.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and are not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. There will be.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an image processing method including inputting two-dimensional data having cross-sectional information of a specific object, inputting three-dimensional data having three-dimensional shape information of the specific object A coordinate extraction step of obtaining coordinate data from three-dimensional data having three-dimensional shape information of the specific object, a volume data formation step of forming volume data of the specific object using the coordinate data And a structure forming step of forming an atypical structure on the volume data. The atypical structure modeling method is applicable to a 3D printer.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the three-dimensional data forming step further includes extracting three-dimensional data of a part of the specific object among the three-dimensional data, Dimensional data may be three-dimensional data for a portion of the specific object.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the coordinate extracting step may further include forming additional coordinate data on the coordinate data obtained using the triangulation technique.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the structure forming step may include the step of forming an irregular structure different from the atypical structure in the volume data by using a size and a changing direction of a pore included in the atypical structure .

In one embodiment of the present invention, the volume data forming step may further include compressing the volume data, and the structure forming step may further include restoring the compressed volume data to a state before compression have.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the step of compressing the volume data may include compressing the volume data by a predetermined ratio in the Z-axis direction.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the volumetric data having the amorphous structure may have a hollow or tubular hollow region, and the structure forming step may include forming a predetermined thickness of the hollow or tubular hollow region at a predetermined position And forming a shell having a shape that fills the hollow region.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the volume data having the irregular structure may have a hangover area formed in the lower vertical direction, and the structure forming step may further include removing the hangover area.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the structure forming step sets the start region and the end region of the atypical structure to the volume data and uses the following equations (1) and (2) To form the amorphous structure in the volume data so that the size of the amorphous structure becomes larger or the size of the amorphous structure becomes smaller.

수식 (1)

Equation (1)

수식 (2)

Equation (2)

,

는 변수인 x와 t 두 가지 성분의 혼합물의 질량 농도,

은

또는

와 같이 표현할 수 있는 함수,

,

는 양의 상수, x와 y는 각각 x축과 y축의 변수를 나타낸다.In the equations (1) and (2)

,

Is the mass concentration of the mixture of the two components x and t,

silver

or

The function,

,

Is a positive constant, and x and y represent the variables of the x and y axes, respectively.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the particular object may be bone or skin.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for modeling an unstructured structure, the method comprising: storing a program for an unstructured structure modeling method applicable to a 3D printer; executing a program for an unstructured structure modeling method applicable to the 3D printer; Dimensional data having the three-dimensional shape information of the specific object from the two-dimensional data having the cross-sectional information of the specific object, acquiring the coordinate data from the three-dimensional data having the three-dimensional shape information of the specific object, And a processor for forming volume data of the specific object using the data and forming an atypical structure on the volume data.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a computer readable recording medium having recorded thereon a program for implementing an unstructured structure modeling method applicable to a 3D printer according to an embodiment of the present invention. do.

According to the present invention, a bio-tissue replacement artifact having an irregular structure can be generated by using a 3D printer. Such a bio-tissue replacement artifact can be implanted into a human tissue and exhibit the same function as an actual human tissue.

It should be understood that the effects of the present invention are not limited to the above effects and include all effects that can be deduced from the detailed description of the present invention or the configuration of the invention described in the claims.

1 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure of an unstructured structure modeling method applicable to a 3D printer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a detailed view illustrating a three-dimensional data forming step according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIGS. 3 and 4 are views for explaining the result formed according to the detailed process of the three-dimensional data forming step shown in FIG.
FIG. 5 is a detailed flowchart illustrating a coordinate extraction step according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a view for explaining the result formed according to the coordinate extraction step shown in FIG.
7 is a diagram illustrating a triangulation technique used in the coordinate extraction step according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a detailed flowchart illustrating a volume data forming step according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIGS. 9 and 10 are diagrams for explaining the result formed according to the detailed procedure of the volume data forming step shown in FIG.
11 is a view illustrating a detailed procedure of a structure forming step according to an embodiment of the present invention.
12 to 16 are diagrams for explaining the result formed according to the detailed procedure of the structure forming step shown in FIG.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The present invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Water, equivalents, and alternatives. In order to clearly explain the present invention, parts not related to the description are omitted, and the size, shape, and shape of each component shown in the drawings may be variously modified, and for the same / The same or similar reference numerals are attached thereto.

The suffix "module" and " part "for the components used in the following description are given or mixed in consideration of ease of specification, and do not have their own meaning or role. In the following description of the embodiments of the present invention, a detailed description of related art is omitted when it is determined that the gist of the embodiments disclosed in the present specification may be blurred.

Throughout the specification, when a part is referred to as being "connected (connected, connected or coupled)" with another part, it is not only when it is "directly connected (connected, (Connection, contact, or combination) "between them. It is also to be understood that when a component is referred to as " comprising ", it is to be understood that it is not intended to exclude other components, .

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The singular forms "a", "an", and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, and the components distributed in the present specification may be embodied in a combined form unless otherwise specified. In this specification, the terms "comprises" or "having" and the like refer to the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations thereof, But do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations thereof.

Furthermore, terms including ordinals such as first, second, etc. used in this specification can be used to describe various elements, but the elements should not be limited by the terms. The terms are used only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the present invention, the first component may be referred to as a second component, and similarly, the second component may also be referred to as a first component.

1 is a flowchart showing a procedure of an unstructured structure modeling method (hereinafter referred to as "unstructured structure modeling method") applicable to a 3D printer according to an embodiment of the present invention

1, an unstructured structure modeling method includes an input step S110, a three-dimensional data forming step S120, a coordinate extracting step S130, a volume data forming step S140, and a structure forming step S150 .

First, input step S110 is a process of receiving two-dimensional data having cross-sectional information of a specific object. Here, the specific object may be a bone or a skin of a person or an animal, but is not limited thereto, and should be interpreted to include all sculptures that can be generated through 3D printing.

The three-dimensional data forming step S120 is a process of forming three-dimensional data having three-dimensional shape information of the specific object using the two-dimensional data acquired through the inputting step S120. At this time, the two-dimensional data acquired through the input step (S120) has the cross-sectional information of the specific object. In step S120, the cross-sectional information of one or more specific objects is merged to generate three- Can be formed. The method of merging can be performed using an algorithm based on the Allen-Cahn and Cahn-Hilliard equations disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1, but is not limited thereto.

The coordinate extraction step S130 refers to a process of obtaining coordinate data from three-dimensional data having three-dimensional shape information of a specific object obtained through the three-dimensional data formation step S130.

The coordinate data obtained in the coordinate extracting step (S130) is obtained by, for example, positioning the three-dimensional data having the three-dimensional shape information of the specific object obtained through the three-dimensional data forming step (S130) on the X, Y, But may be a predetermined number of coordinate values so as to recognize the outline of the three-dimensional data. However, the present invention is not limited thereto.

An algorithm using the Lengyel-Epstein model can be used to generate coordinate data from three-dimensional data, but is not limited thereto.

The volume data forming step S140 is a process of forming volume data of the specific object using the coordinate data obtained through the coordinate extracting step S130. Here, the volume data is different from the above-described three-dimensional data. The three-dimensional data can be understood as the three-dimensional shape itself, but the volume data can be recognized through the sum of the coordinate values obtained in the coordinate extracting step S130 Can be understood as a form.

Finally, the structure forming step S150 is a process of forming an atypical structure on the volume data generated according to the volume data forming step S140. Here, the atypical structure can be interpreted as a contrary to a conventional regular structure having a uniform pattern or structure, and may be called an irregular porous structure.

In the structure forming step S150, a specific formula can be used to generate an atypical structure in the volume data, which will be described later.

FIG. 2 is a view showing a detailed process of the three-dimensional data forming step S120, and FIGS. 3 and 4 are diagrams for explaining the result formed according to the detailed process of the three-dimensional data forming step S120 .

2, the three-dimensional data forming step S120 may include a step S121 of forming three-dimensional data having three-dimensional shape information of the specific object using the two-dimensional data obtained through the inputting step S120 And extracting three-dimensional data of a portion of the specific object among the three-dimensional data (S122).

Referring to FIG. 3, step S121 is a process of acquiring a two-dimensional image (cross-sectional information) generated by using MRI, CT, or the like through an input step S110 and merging the two-dimensional image to form three-dimensional data.

In addition, step S122 is a step of extracting three-dimensional data of a part of the specific object desired by the user from the stereoscopic image or stereoscopic information possessed by the three-dimensional data.

For example, referring to FIG. 4, a process of extracting only some three-dimensional images, such as bones and skin, from a three-dimensional image formed through step S121 may be performed in step S122.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a detailed procedure of the coordinate extraction step S130, FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the result formed according to the coordinate extraction step S130, FIG. 7 is a coordinate extraction step S130, FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a triangulation technique used in the present invention.

The coordinate extraction step S 130 is a step S 130 of obtaining coordinate data from the three-dimensional data having the three-dimensional shape information of the specific object obtained through the three-dimensional data formation step S 130 and the step S 131 using the triangular- And forming additional coordinate data on the obtained coordinate data (S132).

6, the figure on the left side of FIG. 6 represents three-dimensional data having three-dimensional shape information of the specific object obtained through the three-dimensional data formation step S130, and the figure on the right side represents the three- And coordinate data formed by extracting coordinate information from the dimension data. Such coordinate data can be named as vertex data, and description of coordinate data has been described above, so it is omitted.

In step S131, coordinate data, which is the sum of coordinate values located on the right side of the data of the three-dimensional shape itself located on the left side shown in FIG. 6, can be obtained. Referring to FIG. 7, in step S132, new coordinate data may be formed by adding coordinate information formed using the triangulation technique to the coordinate data formed in step S131.

As shown in FIG. 7, the triangulation technique refers to a method of forming new vertex coordinates generated by a line drawn from a triangle corner point to a specific point. In addition, additional coordinate values can be set in existing coordinate data by various methods, and volume data similar to existing three-dimensional data can be formed by setting additional coordinate values.

FIG. 8 is a view illustrating a detailed procedure of the volume data forming step (S140), and FIGS. 9 and 10 are diagrams for explaining the result formed according to the detailed procedure of the volume data forming step (S140).

The volume data forming step S140 may include forming volume data of the specific object using the coordinate data obtained through the coordinate extracting step S130 and compressing the volume data generated according to the step S141 S142).

Referring to FIG. 9, it can be seen that volume data can be formed using the coordinate data obtained through the coordinate extraction step 130 in step S141. Referring to FIG. 10, it can be seen that the volume data generated in step S141 can be compressed in step S142.

The step of compressing the volume data (S142) may be a step of compressing the volume data according to S141 by a predetermined ratio in the Z-axis direction, but the axis and the compression ratio may be variously modified. .

The volume data compressed in accordance with S142 can be recovered before compression by the structure forming step S150, and a description thereof will be given below.

FIG. 11 is a view illustrating a detailed process of the structure forming step S150, and FIGS. 12 to 16 are views illustrating a result formed according to a detailed process of the structure forming step S150.

The structure forming step S150 includes forming an atypical structure on the volume data generated in accordance with the volume data forming step S140 S151 and changing the size of the pore included in the atypical structure formed at step S151, (S152) forming an amorphous structure different from the atypical structure in the volume data by using the direction of the volume data, and restoring the compressed volume data to the state before compression according to the step S142 (S153).

The volume data having an irregular structure formed in accordance with the structure forming step (S150) has a hole shape. A hollow region having a pore shape or a tubular shape, and a hangover region formed in a lower vertical direction. Accordingly, the structure forming step S150 may include forming a shell having a predetermined thickness at a predetermined position of the hollow or tubular hollow region and filling the hollow region (S154) And removing the region (S155).

Specifically, step S151 is a procedure for creating a natural atypical structure as shown in FIG. 12 in the volume data formed according to the volume data forming step S140.

In step S152, a new amorphous structure is formed on the volume data by using the size and the direction of change of holes or pores included in the amorphous structure formed in step S151. As shown.

For example, when the size of the hole or the pole included in the irregular structure formed in step S151 is increased or decreased, or when the irregular structure is changed from left to right, from right to left, from the inside to the surface, In order to increase or decrease the size of the structure, a new irregular structure can be formed in the volume data in consideration of the size and change direction of the desired pole or hole. At this time, a specific formula can also be used, which will be described later.

In step S153, the volume data compressed according to step S142 is restored to the state before compression as shown in FIG. If the volume data is compressed in the Z-axis direction by the step S142, it is possible to restore the Z-axis direction again, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

On the other hand, when the actual sculpture is printed using the modeling file formed through steps S110 to S150 and is transplanted into a bodily tissue such as a bone, if a hollow area is formed at an undesired position, important components such as blood You can escape.

Accordingly, in step S154, a shell having a predetermined thickness in a predetermined position among the hole-shaped or tubular hollow areas included in the volume data and filling the hollow area may be formed to prevent the above problem have.

If the actual molding is printed using the modeling file formed through steps S110 to S150, the problem may occur that the specific position of the molding is printed by the hangover area described above.

Thus, by deleting the hangover area in the modeling process of the molding model through step S155, the above problem can be prevented.

In addition, as an example of the structure forming step S150, the structure forming step S150 sets the start region and the ending region of the atypical structure in the volume data, The size of the amorphous structure may be increased or the size of the amorphous structure may be reduced.

Here, the predetermined mathematical formula is an equation for forming an atypical structure in the volume data, and may be similar or identical to the above-described specific mathematical expression. The predetermined formula and the specific formula described above are not limited to different formulas, and may have various forms such as equations. For example, the following equation can be used.

수식 (1)

Equation (1)

수식 (2)

Equation (2)

(

²는 2차원 도메인을,

³는 3차원 도메인을 나타냄),

는 변수인 x와 t 두 가지 성분의 혼합물의 질량 농도,

로서 자유에너지 함수,

는 양의 상수, x와 y는 각각 x축과 y축의 변수를 나타낸다. In the equations (1) and (2)

(

² denotes a two-dimensional domain,

³ represents a three-dimensional domain),

Is the mass concentration of the mixture of the two components x and t,

As a free energy function,

Is a positive constant, and x and y represent the variables of the x and y axes, respectively.

M can be defined as a function of density or shape coordinates, which bound the boundary of a constant or shape. According to one embodiment of the present invention, when M is defined as a function dependent on the shape coordinates of a model to be analyzed, the effect of defining the phase separation time of the mixture as a different value depending on the position has an effect that the Pore has directionality The size can be changed, and a constant porosity is maintained for various shapes. The following equation is an example of defining M that depends on the shape of the model. However, the following equations (3) and (4) are merely examples of expressions of M, and various formulas suitable for the object shape and application purpose can be created and applied to M. That is, the above-mentioned M can be formed as a space-dependent fluidity change function and applied to the present invention, but it is not necessarily so.

수식 (3)

Equation (3)

수식 (4)

Equation (4)

In applying the above equation (3) or (4) to various 3D shapes, it is possible to change the size of the pole in the x, y, and z axis directions by adjusting the values of a, b, n, It is possible to control the size change rate and amount of the ink.

In other words, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the Cahn-Hilliard equation having the generalized mobility can be applied to complex shapes to model irregularly shaped scaffolds so that the pawls are distributed in a desired size.

The Cahn-Hilliard equation is a mathematical modeling of the phase separation of two kinds of mixtures over time, and the phase separation is performed. The size of the above-described pores is increased. In this specification, the Cahn-Hilliard algorithm modified to adjust the elapsed time of the phase separation according to the shape of the space can be applied to the volume data of a complicated shape to change the size of the atypical pole to a desired shape.

For example, according to various embodiments of the present invention, a space of a hexahedron is formed so that the volume information of the molding is firstly included, and the space is divided into meshes of the same interval to discretize the data. Then, the exterior of the molding volume information is modeled as a solid without flow field, and the flow of the interior region is reconstructed by combining a plurality of boundary conditions (top, bottom, exterior, interior) So that the size of the pores can be changed in accordance with the shape of the molding according to various embodiments of the present invention.

As another embodiment of the present invention, unlike the above-described embodiment of the present invention, a memory for storing a program for an unstructured structure modeling method applicable to a 3D printer and a method for modeling an irregular structure applicable to the 3D printer Dimensional data having the three-dimensional shape information of the specific object from the two-dimensional data having the cross-sectional information of the specific object by executing the program, obtaining the coordinate data from the three-dimensional data having the three-dimensional shape information of the specific object And a processor for forming volume data of the specific object using the coordinate data and forming an atypical structure in the volume data.

As another embodiment of the present invention, a computer readable recording medium on which a program for implementing an unstructured structure modeling method applicable to a 3D printer according to an embodiment of the present invention may be provided.

According to various embodiments of the present invention described above, it is possible to generate a replacement tissue of a living tissue having an irregular structure using a 3D printer. Such a replacement tissue of a living tissue is implanted into a human tissue, .

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. will be. It is therefore to be understood that the above-described embodiments are illustrative in all aspects and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims, and all changes or modifications derived from the meaning and scope of the claims and their equivalents should be construed as being included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (12)

An input step of inputting two-dimensional data having cross-sectional information of a specific object;
A three-dimensional data forming step of forming three-dimensional data having three-dimensional shape information of the specific object using the two-dimensional data;
A coordinate extracting step of obtaining coordinate data from three-dimensional data having three-dimensional shape information of the specific object;
A volume data forming step of forming volume data of the specific object using the coordinate data; And
And a structure forming step of forming an amorphous structure on the volume data.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the three-dimensional data forming step further includes extracting three-dimensional data of a part of the specific object among the three-dimensional data,
Wherein the three-dimensional data having the three-dimensional shape information of the specific object is three-dimensional data of a part of the specific object.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the coordinate extraction step further comprises forming additional coordinate data in the coordinate data obtained using the triangulation technique.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the structure forming step further comprises forming an irregular structure different from the irregular structure on the volume data by using a size and a direction of a pore included in the irregular structure. Applicable unstructured structure modeling method.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the volume data forming step further comprises compressing the volume data,
Wherein the structure forming step further includes restoring the compressed volume data to a state before compression.
6. The method of claim 5,
Wherein the step of compressing the volume data is a step of compressing the volume data by a predetermined ratio in the Z-axis direction.
The method according to claim 1,
The volumetric data having the irregular structure may have a hollow or tubular hollow region,
The method of claim 1, further comprising forming a shell having a predetermined thickness at a predetermined position of the hollow or tubular hollow region and filling the hollow region. Structural modeling method.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the volume data having the irregular structure has a hangover region formed in a lower vertical direction,
Wherein the structure forming step further comprises removing the hangover area.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the structure forming step comprises:
(1) and (2), the size of the atypical structure is increased from the start region to the end region by setting the start region and the end region of the atypical structure in the volume data, And forming the atypical structure on the volume data so that the size of the irregular structure is reduced.

Equation (1)

Equation (2)
In the equations (1) and (2)

,

Is the mass concentration of the mixture of the two components x and t,

silver

or

A function expressed as < RTI ID = 0.0 &

,

Is a positive constant, and x and y are the variables of the x and y axes, respectively
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the specific object is bone or skin.
A memory for storing a program for an unstructured structure modeling method applicable to a 3D printer; And
Dimensional data having the three-dimensional shape information of the specific object from two-dimensional data having cross-sectional information of a specific object by executing a program for an unstructured structure modeling method applicable to a 3D printer, And a processor for obtaining coordinate data from the three-dimensional data having the volume data, forming the volume data of the specific object using the coordinate data, and forming an atypical structure in the volume data Possible unstructured structure modeling device.
A computer-readable recording medium on which a program for implementing an unstructured structure modeling method applicable to the 3D printer of any one of claims 1 to 10 is recorded.

Images