KR20190069460A - System and method for dispersing wireless heads - Google Patents

Abstract

A system and method for creating a radio daisy chain for convenient and aesthetically pleasing high density radio equipment deployment is described wherein a plurality of radio transceivers transmit timing information, calibration information, and / or timing information over signals routed wirelessly or daisy- Power, and also a plurality of digital baseband waveforms transmitted over the daisy chain.

Description

System and method for dispersing wireless heads

Cross reference of related application

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 413,944, filed October 27, 2016, entitled " System and Methods for Distributing Radioheads " .

The present application is also related to the subject matter of the present application, entitled " Systems and Methods for Mitigating Interference in Actively Used Spectrums ", filed August 26, 2016, The title of the invention, entitled " Systems and Methods for Mitigating Interference Within Actually Used Spectrum ", which claims the benefit of and priority to Serial No. 62 / 380,126, Filed August 21, 2017, and co-pending US application Ser. No. 15 / 682,076, filed on August 21, 2017, which is also a continuation-in-part of co-pending US application Ser. No. 15 / 682,076 filed on August 21, &Quot; Systems and Methods for < RTI ID = 0.0 > Concurrent Spectrum Usage Within Actually Used Spectrum & The title of the invention, entitled " Systems and Methods for the Use of Simultaneous Spectrum in Spectrums Actively Used ", which claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61 / 980,479, filed April 16, US Application No. 14 / 672,014, filed March 27, 2015, entitled " Systems and Methods for Concurrent Spectrum Usage Within Actually Used Spectrum ".

This application may be related to the following co-pending U.S. patent applications and U.S. Provisional Applications:

U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 380,126 entitled " Systems and Methods for Mitigating Interference within Actively Used Spectrum "

The US application entitled " Systems and Methods for Mapping Virtual Radio Instances into Physical Areas of Coherence in Distributed Antenna Wireless Systems ", entitled " Mapping Virtual Wireless Instances to Coherence Physical Areas in Distributed Antenna Wireless Systems, 14 / 611,565

Systems and Methods for Exploiting Inter-cell Multiplexing Gain in Wireless Cellular Systems Via Distributed Input Distributed Output Technology ", entitled "Systems and Methods for Using Inter- U.S. Serial No. 14 / 086,700,

U.S. Application Serial No. 10 / 711,501, entitled " Systems and Methods for Radio Frequency Calibration Exploiting Channel Reciprocity in Distributed Input Distributed Output Wireless Communications ", entitled " 844,355

Systems and Methods for Exploiting Inter-cell Multiplexing Gain in Wireless Cellular Systems Via Distributed Input Distributed Output Technology ", entitled "Systems and Methods for Using Inter- U.S. Application No. 13 / 797,984

Systems and Methods for Exploiting Inter-cell Multiplexing Gain in Wireless Cellular Systems Via Distributed Input Distributed Output Technology ", entitled "Systems and Methods for Using Inter- U.S. Application No. 13 / 797,971

Systems and Methods for Exploiting Inter-cell Multiplexing Gain in Wireless Cellular Systems Via Distributed Input Distributed Output Technology ", entitled "Systems and Methods for Using Inter- U.S. Application No. 13 / 797,950

U.S. Application Serial No. 13 / 233,006, entitled " System and Methods for Predicted Evolution and Obsolescence of Multiuser Spectrum of Multi-User Spectrum &

No. 13 / 232,996, titled " Systems and Methods to Exploit Areas of Coherence in Wireless Systems "

A system and method for managing a client's handoff between different distributed input distributed output (DIDO) networks based on the detected speed of the client. U.S. Patent Application No. 12 / 802,989 entitled " Input-Distributed-Output (DIDO) Networks Based On Detected Velocity Of The Client &

Handoff, Power Control and Link Adaptation (DIDO) Communication Systems in a Distributed Input Distributed Output (DIDO) Communication System Quot ;, U.S. Patent Application No. 12 / 802,988

No. 12 / 802,975 entitled " System And Method For Link Adaptation In DIDO Multicarrier Systems ", entitled " Link Adaptation In DIDO Multicarrier Systems &

&Quot; System and Method for Managing Inter-Cluster Handoffs of Clients Crossing Multiple DIDO Clusters ", entitled " 802,974

The present invention relates to a system and method for power control and antenna grouping in distributed input distributed output (DIDO) networks, which is entitled " System and Method for Power Control and Antenna Grouping & U.S. Application No. 12 / 802,958

U.S. Patent No. 9685,997 entitled " Systems and Methods for Enhanced Spatial Diversity in Distributed Input-Output Distributed-Output Wireless Systems "

U.S. Patent No. 9,386,465, entitled " System and Method for Distributed Antenna Wireless Communications, "filed July 5, 2016, entitled "

Entitled " Systems And Methods To Coordinate Transmissions In Distributed Wireless Systems Via User Clustering Through User Clustering ", filed June 14, 2016, entitled " 9,369,888

The United States Patent No. 6,133, issued April 12, 2016, entitled " System and Methods to Compensate for Doppler Effects in Distributed Input Distributed Output Systems " No. 9,312,929

The present invention relates to a system and method for wireless backhaul in a distributed input distributed output (WDM) wireless system, which is entitled " Systems and Methods for Wireless Backhaul in Distributed-Input Wireless Systems ", issued on March 24, 2015 No. 8,989,155

The present invention relates to a system and method for adjusting DIDO interference on the basis of signal strength measurement. The DIDO interference cancellation based on signal strength measures 8,971,380

U.S. Patent No. 8,654,815, entitled " System and Method for Distributed Input Distributed Output Wireless Communications, "filed February 18, 2014, entitled "

U.S. Patent No. 8,571,086, issued October 29, 2013, titled " System and Method for DIDO Precoding Interpolation in Multicarrier Systems in Multicarrier Systems,

Entitled " Systems and Methods for Coordinating Transmissions in Distributed Wireless Systems via User Clustering ", filed on September 24, 2013, entitled " No. 8,542,763

U.S. Patent No. 8,428,162 issued on April 23, 2013 entitled " System and Method for Distributed Input Distributed Output Wireless Communications "

The present invention relates to a system and method for adjusting DIDO interference on the basis of signal strength measurement. The DIDO interference cancellation based on signal strength measures 8,170,081

U.S. Patent No. 8,160,121, issued April 17, 2012, entitled " System and Method for Distributed Input-Distributed Output Wireless Communications "

System and Method for Enhancing Near-Vertical Incidence Skywave (NVIS) Communication Using Space-Time Coding ", entitled" Near-Vertical Incidence Skywave (NVIS) U.S. Patent No. 7,885,354, issued February 8,

U.S. Patent No. 7,711,030, entitled " System and Method for Spatial-Multiplexed Tropospheric Scatter Communications, "filed May 4, 2010, entitled " Spatial Multiplexed Tropospheric Scatter Communications;

U.S. Patent No. 7,636,381, issued December 22, 2009, entitled " System and Method for Distributed Input Distributed Output Wireless Communication "

U.S. Patent No. 7,633,994, filed December 15, 2009, entitled " System and Method for Distributed Input Distributed Output Wireless Communication "

U.S. Patent No. 7,599,420, issued October 6, 2009, entitled " System and Method for Distributed Input Distributed Output Wireless Communication "

U.S. Patent No. 7,418,053, issued August 26, 2008, entitled " System and Method for Distributed Input Distributed Output Wireless Communication. "

As the density of wireless communication systems steadily increases, the deployment of radio becomes increasingly difficult. Difficulties in locating the physical location to accommodate the radio, difficulty in bringing backhaul and / or front halls (as used herein "front halls" refers to communications that carry certain types of radio signals to a wireless head As opposed to a "backhaul " as used herein, which refers to an infrastructure and carries user data to a base station that generates a radio waveform for carrying user data. In conventional cellular systems (e.g., LTE, UMTS) or conventional interference avoidance systems (e.g., Wi-Fi), in order to optimize performance and frequency reuse, a base station or antenna plan places a radio at a predetermined location for coverage Other locations are required to avoid interference to avoid interference. In addition, there are local and national government regulations for radio and antenna placement, for example, from concerns about the visual appearance of radios and antennas, even if the technical problems can be overcome. Even if the radio or antenna meets the standards for government approval, the authorization process is very slow, and it may take several years for the antenna placement to be approved from time to time.

(E.g., HF, VHF, UHF, microwave, millimeter wave, etc.), and the directivity of the transmission (e.g., Directivity, high gain, or narrow beam, etc.), there were a tremendous number of different approaches to deploying the radio and antenna. In addition, aesthetic considerations have often begun to work, from simple efforts such as painting radio and antenna to match the environment, to hard work such as making cellular towers look like palm trees.

To achieve optimal performance in conventional cellular and interference avoidance networks, it is necessary for the radio and antenna to be placed according to a particular scheme (e.g., not too far away to lose coverage and not too close to each other to avoid inter-cell interference) , These requirements often conflict with other constraints such as the availability of installation solutions in backhaul and / or front halls and locations. And, in many situations (such as historical buildings), the government does not tolerate any radio or antenna solution because it will not allow anything that changes the appearance of the building to be installed on or near the building.

The radio and antennas were placed on power lines suspended between towers, rooftops, and poles. The radio and antenna were placed at the ceiling, on the wall, on the shelf, on the table top, and so on, at indoor locations. The radio was also placed on its structural elements inside the stadium, under the seats and so on. A special antenna such as a "leaky feeder" (described below) was placed in the tunnel. Briefly, the radio and antenna were placed in any position imaginable.

Examples of prior art efforts to attach radios and antennas to power lines include those disclosed in US 7,862,837, US 8,780,901 and US 2014/0286444, and prior art efforts to attach radios and antennas to a pole For example, those of the Metricom Ricochet packet communication network as disclosed in US 7,068,630.

Exemplary Prior Art Telephone pole 400 or 401 as in FIG. 4 is often divided into two zones, typically the upper zone, as in the area of crossbar 403, into a "supply space" Can be called. Typically the sub-section, which is safe for the operator to attach the communication cable and equipment, may be referred to as the "communication space ", with communication cables and equipment being illustrated at the height of the crossbar 402, .

Some prior art systems may include arranging a radio and / or antenna within a supply zone on a telephone pole and / or a radio and / or antenna 420 and 421, as shown in FIG. 4 with a radio and / or antenna 410 and 411, The radio and / or the antenna are disposed on the power line itself as shown in Fig.

Some prior art systems may include radio and / or antennas and / or radio and / or antennas 540 and 541 in the communication area on the telephone pole, as shown in FIG. 5 with radio and / or antenna 550 and 551, And / or an antenna on a cable (often a communication cable) that hangs between the poles as shown. The backhaul or front holes may be carried on a communication cable 531 that is typically electrically (e.g., copper) or fiber, often protected by an insulating or external duct 530, Which often leads to structural support from a mechanically strong cable 532, Sometimes the radios are attached to the poles and / or cables and then they are coupled to an antenna, either on a pole or cable, or embedded in the radio, as shown in FIG. In some prior art systems, the radio can often be evaluated for cost of use by a utility that derives power from the power line through the step-down power supply 561 and that is measured by the power meter 560 and provides power. Wireless devices such as 550 and 551 may also be used for backhaul or front halls.

Figure 6 shows a prior art arrangement with an antenna and / or a radio on the lamp post. The lampposts as used herein are poles without a public power or communication cable between them. The antennas 601 and 602 may be coupled to the radios 611 and 612, or they may be in the same enclosure as the radio and thus there is no need for a separate radio 611 or 612. The backhaul or front hole cable (e.g., copper or fiber) may be delivered through an underground conduit 630 (the conduit is underground and illustrated as a dotted line to indicate that it is invisible) Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > a < / RTI > If the backhaul or front hole is in the basement, it is typically located in the conduit or floor from the ground above the side of the lamppost, as exemplified by 621 and 622, or through the interior of the lamppost (e.g., if it is metal or hollow) Through the ducts, through the radios 611 and 612, or directly to the top of the lamppost. An approach using an underground conduit for a backhaul or a front hole, as illustrated in FIG. 6 for a lamppost, may also be applied to the telephone pole illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5, wherein the cable from the underground conduit (For example, if it is metal and hollow) or from the ground over the side of the pole to the duct or duct.

Backhaul and / or front halls (whether on a radio on a telephone pole or on a different location) can be coaxial cable, fiber, line-of-sight wireless, and non-line-of-sight wireless. And may be provided to the radio through a wide variety of media, including, A wide range of protocols, including Ethernet, "CPRI" (Common Public Radio Interface), "MoCA" (Multimedia over Coax Alliance), "DOCSIS" (Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification) and "BPL" Media. ≪ / RTI >

A wide variety of switches, splitters, and hubs may be used to distribute wired (e.g., copper, fiber, etc.) communications. An analog splitter is often used to distribute coaxial connections (e.g., to distribute DOCSIS and / or MoCA data). Electrical receptacle combination can be used to distribute the BPL. Ethernet switches and hubs are often used to distribute copper and fiber Ethernet connections. Many wireless devices designed for home and commercial applications have a built-in switch as a convenience to pass-through Ethernet, so if the radio is plugged into an Ethernet cable, another Ethernet jack on the radio that can be used to plug in other devices exist.

Another prior art technique used to distribute wireless connections along a cable is what is called a " leak feeder "or a" leak cable ". A leaky feeder is a cable that carries a radio signal, but intentionally leaks and absorbs radio radiation through the sides of the cable. An exemplary prior art leakage cable 700 is illustrated in FIG. Coaxial cables and very coaxial cables in that there is an insulating and protective jacket 701, an outer conductor 702 (e.g. a copper foil), a dielectric 704 (e.g. dielectric foam), and an inner conductor 705 similar. Unlike coaxial cables, however, the outer conductor 702 has holes 703 that allow radio radiation to propagate into and out of the leak feeder 700.

Leakage feeders are often used in tunnels or shafts (e.g., mine tunnels, subway tunnels) where they are attached to the sides of tunnels or shafts and extend along the length of the tunnel or shaft. In this way, regardless of where the user is located in the tunnel or shaft, the user will wirelessly connect to the nearby portion of the leak feeder. Because leakage feeders leak wireless energy, they often have radio frequency amplifiers that are inserted periodically to increase signal power. If two or more leakage feeders work together, prior art MIMO techniques can be used to increase capacity.

Leakage feeder placement is convenient and fast in that it is the same as placing cables with only the amplifiers that are periodically placed between the lengths of the leaky feeders to restore signal strength repetitively.

A fundamental limitation of the leak feeder is that the same channel is shared for the entire length of the leaky feeder cable. Thus, the user at one end of the leak feeder shares the channel with the user at the end of the leak feeder as well as the user in the middle of the leak feeder. This may be acceptable for applications where users are sparsely distributed along the length of the leak feeder or for data capacity needs by users (e.g., for voice communication in a mine tunnel or shaft), but the density and / It is not suitable for applications with high or high data capacity demands by users because throughout the entire length of the leak feeder users will be sharing the same channel despite the fact that they are very far from each other to be. Thus, leakage feeders are convenient to place, but their placement to provide coverage is disadvantageous for densification, as it is like placing cables with periodic amplifiers.

Regardless of what conventional techniques are used to place wireless devices and / or antennas and how backhaul or front holes are provisioned, current wireless systems are faced with the challenge of densification, as mentioned. There is no excellent universal solution to densification that provides highly efficient and reliable coverage and services, and is fast and easy to deploy, avoiding unsightly and / or government regulations. The following lessons address these issues.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS A better understanding of the present invention can be obtained from the following detailed description in conjunction with the drawings.
Figure 1 illustrates the general framework of the DIDO, current brand pCell (TM), radio access network (DRAN) and other multi-user multi-antenna system (MU-MAS) networks.
2A and 2B illustrate a protocol stack of a virtual radio instance (VRI) conforming to the OSI model and the LTE standard.
3 illustrates adjacent DRANs for extending coverage in DIDO, the current brand pCell (TM), wireless network and other MU-MAS networks.
4 is a prior art example of a telephone pole having a radio and / or antenna in a "supply space ".
5 is a prior art example of a telephone pole having a radio and / or antenna within a "communication space ".
Figure 6 is a prior art example of a lamp post with a radio and / or antenna.
Figure 7 is a prior art example of a leaky feeder.
8A illustrates a coaxial cable embodiment of a radar daisy chain.
8b illustrates a twisted pair embodiment of a radar daisy chain.
8C illustrates a fiber embodiment of a radar daisy chain.
8D illustrates a combined coaxial and twisted pair embodiment of a radar daisy chain.
9A illustrates an embodiment of an architecture of a daisy-chained radio illustrating a basic architecture.
9B illustrates an embodiment of an architecture of a daisy-chained radio illustrating timing distribution.
9C illustrates an embodiment of an architecture of a daisy-chained radio illustrating power distribution.
Figure 9d illustrates one embodiment of an architecture of a daisy chained radio that illustrates RF distribution.
9E illustrates an embodiment of an architecture of a daisy-chained radio that illustrates a daisy-chained network implemented via a splitter.
10A illustrates an embodiment of a daisy chained radio having a sleeve or a duct.
10b illustrates an embodiment of a daisy chained radio having a sleeve or duct with one or more pass-through cables.
Figure 10c illustrates an embodiment of a daisy chained radio having a support strand and a sleeve or duct having one or more pass-through cables.
Figure 10d illustrates one embodiment of a daisy chained radio having a support strand with data and / or power combiner and a sleeve or duct having one or more pass-through cables.
11 shows an example of a telephone pole having a daisy chain radio.
Figure 12 is an illustration of a lamp post with a daisy chained radio.
13 is an illustration of a building having a daisy chained radio.
14 is an illustration of daisy chained radios in a non-linear array pattern.
15 is an illustration of daisy chained radios in an array.
16 is an illustration of daisy-chained radios located in a cloud-radio access network.

One solution to overcome many of these prior art limitations is to daisy-chain network and power cables and small distributed wireless heads used in a multi-user multi-antenna system (MU-MAS). By making the radio heads extremely small, they can not physically be larger than the cable, thus making the daisy-chained radio installation similar to a cable installation. Not only are cable installations much simpler than antenna or radio installations, cable arrangements often do not require government permits, or in most cases it is much easier to get permission approvals than large antenna or large radio enclosure deployments. Also, in terms of aesthetics, it can be more difficult or impractical to conceal conventional radios and / or antennas, while cables can often be partially or completely hidden from view.

Also, in the detailed embodiment below, the spectral efficiency is "Distributed-Input Distributed (DIDO) " as described in the following patents, patent applications, and assignments, all of which are assigned to the assignee of this patent, Output < / RTI > technology and other MU-MAS techniques to implement one or both networks. Such patents, applications, and provisional applications are sometimes referred to herein collectively as "related patents and applications. &Quot;

U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 380,126, entitled " System and Method for Mitigating Interference in a Proactively Used Spectrum ".

U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 380,126, entitled " System and Method for Mitigating Interference in a Proactively Used Spectrum ".

No. 14 / 672,014 entitled " System and Method for Use of Simultaneous Spectra in Spectra Actively Used "

U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61 / 980,479, filed April 16, 2014, entitled " System and Method for Use of Simultaneous Spectra in Spectra Actively Used ".

No. 14 / 611,565 entitled " System and Method for Mapping Virtual Wireless Instances to Coherence Physical Areas in a Distributed Antenna Wireless System "

No. 14 / 086,700, titled " System and Method for Utilizing Inter-Cell Multiplexing Gain in a Wireless Cellular System via Distributed Input Distributed Output Technology &

No. 13 / 844,355, titled " System and Method for Radio Frequency Calibration with Channel Reversibility in Distributed Input Distributed Output Wireless Communication, "

No. 13 / 797,984 entitled " System and Method for Utilizing Inter-Cell Multiplexing Gain in a Wireless Cellular System via Distributed Input Distributed Output Technology "

No. 13 / 797,971 entitled " System and Method for Using Inter-Cell Multiplexing Gain in a Wireless Cellular System via Distributed Input Distributed Output Technology "

No. 13 / 797,950 entitled " System and Method for Using Inter-Cell Multiplexing Gain in a Wireless Cellular System via Distributed Input Distributed Output Technology "

No. 13 / 233,006, titled "System and Method for Planned Evolution and Legacy of Multi-User Spectrum"

No. 13 / 232,996, entitled " SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR UTILIZING AREA OF COHERENCE IN A WIRELESS SYSTEM "

No. 12 / 802,989 entitled " System and Method for Managing Handoffs of Clients Between Different Distributed Input Distributed Output (DIDO) Networks Based on Detected Rate of Clients &

No. 12 / 802,988 entitled " Interference Management, Handoff, Power Control and Link Adaptation in a Distributed Input Distributed Output (DIDO) Communication System &

No. 12 / 802,975 entitled " System and Method for Link Adaptation in a DIDO Multicarrier System "

No. 12 / 802,974 entitled " System and Method for Managing Inter-Cluster Handoffs of Clients Crossing Multiple DIDO Clusters "

No. 12 / 802,958 entitled " System and Method for Power Control and Antenna Grouping in a Distributed Input Distributed Output (DIDO) Network "

U.S. Patent No. 9,685,997 entitled " System and Method for Improving Spatial Diversity in Distributed Input Distributed Output Wireless Systems "

U.S. Patent No. 9,386,465, entitled " System and Method for Distributed Antenna Wireless Communication, "filed July 5, 2016,

U.S. Patent No. 9,369,888, issued June 14, 2016, entitled " System and Method for Coordinating Transmission in Distributed Wireless Systems via User Clustering &

U.S. Patent No. 9,312,929, entitled " System and Method for Compensating the Doppler Effect in a Distributed Input Distributed Output System, "filed April 12, 2016,

U.S. Patent No. 8,989,155, entitled " System and Method for Wireless Backhaul in a Distributed Input Distributed-Output Wireless System, "issued March 24, 2015,

U.S. Patent No. 8,971,380 entitled " System and Method for Controlling DIDO Interference Cancellation Based on Measurement of Signal Intensity "issued March 3, 2015

U.S. Patent No. 8,654,815, entitled " System and Method for Distributed Input Distributed Output Wireless Communication, "issued February 18, 2014,

U.S. Patent No. 8,571,086, entitled " System and Method for DIDO Precoding Interpolation in Multicarrier Systems, "issued October 29, 2013,

U.S. Patent No. 8,542,763 issued on September 24, 2013 entitled " System and Method for Coordinating Transmission in Distributed Wireless Systems Through User Clustering "

U.S. Patent No. 8,428,162, entitled " System and Method for Distributed Input Distributed Output Wireless Communication, "issued April 23, 2013,

U.S. Patent No. 8,170,081, issued May 1, 2012, entitled " System and Method for Controlling DIDO Interference Cancellation Based on Measurement of Signal Intensity &

U.S. Patent No. 8,160,121, entitled " System and Method for Distributed Input Distributed Output Wireless Communication, "issued April 17, 2012;

U.S. Patent No. 7,885,354, issued February 8, 2011, entitled " System and Method for Enhancing Near-Vertical Incidence Skywave (NVIS) Communication Using Space-Time Coding. &Quot;

U.S. Patent No. 7,711,030, entitled " System and Method for Spatial Multiplexed Tropospheric Scattering Communication, "filed May 4, 2010;

U. S. Patent No. 7,636, 381, issued December 22, 2009, entitled " System and Method for Distributed Input Distributed Output Wireless Communication, "

U.S. Patent No. 7,633,994, entitled " System and Method for Distributed Input Distributed Output Wireless Communication, "issued December 15, 2009;

U.S. Patent No. 7,599,420, entitled " System and Method for Distributed Input Distributed Output Wireless Communication, "issued October 6, 2009;

U.S. Patent No. 7,418,053, issued August 26, 2008, entitled " System and Method for Distributed Input Distributed Output Wireless Communication. "

1. The wireless head  System and method for dispersing

1.1. In embodiments  The improved MU- MAS  system

Preferred embodiments of the present invention are directed to a system and method for mapping a virtual radio instance to a physical region of a coherence in a distributed antenna wireless system. As described in co-pending U.S. Serial No. 14 / 611,565 (the present application of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety) and other related patents and applications, as well as its counterparts filed in other countries, These are improvements to the antenna system. 1, 2, and 3 and the following six paragraphs describing them are provided in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3 of US Application No. 14 / 611,565, as counterparts thereof, filed in other countries and in paragraph [0074-0080] Respectively.

Currently preferred embodiments are systems and methods for improving systems and methods for delivering multiple simultaneous non-coherent data streams in the same frequency band between a network and a plurality of coherence regions in a wireless link via virtual radio instances (VRIs) And methods. In one embodiment, the system is a multi-user multi-antenna system (MU-MAS) as shown in Fig. The color-coded (using pattern instead of color) units of FIG. 1 show a one-to-one mapping between data sources 101, VRIs 106, and coherence regions 103 as described later.

In FIG. 1, data sources 101 are data files or streams that carry web content or files, such as text, images, sounds, videos, or combinations thereof, on a local or remote server. One or more data files or streams are transmitted or received between the network 102 and all coherence regions 103 within the wireless link 110. In one embodiment, the network is the Internet, or any wired or wireless local area network.

The coherence region is defined by the MU-MAS in such a manner that only one data output 112 of one VRI is received in its coherence region without any interference from other data outputs from other VRIs being transmitted simultaneously over the same wireless link. Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > coherent < / RTI > In the present application, we describe coherence or private cells as described in prior patent application entitled "System and Method for Utilizing Region of Coherence in Wireless Systems ", US Application No. 13 / 232,996 , "pCells" (103)). In one embodiment, the coherence regions correspond to user equipment (UE) 111 or locations of subscribers in a wireless network, so that all subscribers are associated with one or more data sources 101. Coherence areas may vary in size and shape depending on the type of MU-MAS precoding techniques employed to generate coherence as well as propagation conditions. In one embodiment of the present invention, the MU-MAS precoder dynamically adjusts the size and shape of the coherence regions to adapt to varying propagation conditions while delivering content to users with good link reliability.

The data sources 101 are first transmitted over the network 102 to the DIDO radio access network (DRAN) 104. The DRAN then converts the data files or streams into a data format that can be received by the UEs and simultaneously transmits the data files or streams to the plurality of coherence regions so that all the UEs are transmitted to the other UEs To receive its own data files or streams without interference from other data files or streams. The DRAN consists of a gateway 105, which is an interface between the network and the VRIs 106. The VRIs translate the packets routed by the gateway into data streams 112, either as raw data supplied to the MU-MAS baseband unit or in a packet or frame structure. In one embodiment, the VRI includes an Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) protocol stack consisting of several layers: application, presentation, session, transmission, network, data link, and physical layers, As shown. In another embodiment, the VRI includes only a subset of the OSI layers.

In another embodiment, VRIs are defined from different wireless standards. By way of example and not of limitation, the first VRI is a protocol stack from the GSM standard, the second VRI is a protocol stack from the 3G standard, the third VRI is a protocol stack from the HSPA + standard, the fourth VRI is a protocol stack from the LTE standard, The fifth VRI consists of a protocol stack from the LTE-A standard, and the sixth VRI consists of a protocol stack from the Wi-Fi standard. In an exemplary embodiment, VRIs include a control plane or user plane protocol stack defined by LTE standards. The user plane protocol stack is shown in Figure 2B. All UE 202 communicates with its own VRI 204 via PHY, MAC, RLC and PDCP layers, communicates with gateway 203 via the IP layer, and communicates with network 205 via the application layer . For the control plane protocol stack, the UE also communicates directly with the mobility management entity (MME) through the NAS layer (as defined in the LTE standard stack).

A Virtual Connection Manager (VCM) 107 is responsible for assigning the PHY layer identity (e.g., cell specific radio network temporary identity, RNTI) of the UEs and the authentication and mobility of the VRI and the UE. Data streams 112 at the output of the VRIs are provided to a Virtual Radio Manager (VRM) The VRM includes a scheduler unit (which schedules DL (downlink) and UL (uplink) packets for different UEs), a baseband unit (e.g., FEC encoder / decoder, modulator / demodulator, resource grid builder) And an MU-MAS baseband processor (including precoding methods). In one embodiment, data streams 112 are I / Q samples at the output of the PHY layer of FIG. 2B processed by the MU-MAS baseband processor. In a different embodiment, the data streams 112 are MAC, RLC or PDCP packets that are sent to the scheduler unit, which forwards them to the baseband unit. The baseband unit converts the packets to I / Q provided to the MU-MAS baseband processor.

The MU-MAS baseband processor is the core of the VRM, which converts M I / Q samples from M VRIs into N data streams 113 that are sent to N access points (APs) do. In one embodiment, data streams 113 are I / Q samples of N waveforms transmitted from APs 109 over wireless link 110. In this embodiment, the AP consists of an analog-to-digital / digital-analog ("ADC / DAC"), radio frequency ("RF") chain and an antenna. In a different embodiment, the data streams 113 are the bits of MU-MAS precoding information and information combined at the APs to generate N waveforms transmitted over the wireless link 110. ("CPU"), a digital signal processor ("DSP") and / or a system on chip ("SoC") to perform additional baseband processing prior to the ADC / DAC units, ).

1.2 Through coaxial cable daisy - Chained  Wireless devices

Figures 8A, 8B, 8C and 8D illustrate some preferred embodiments of the present invention. 8A illustrates an embodiment in which the wireless device 801 is a wireless transceiver. Each end of the radio 801 has a connector (e.g., without limitation, F type, BNC, SMA, etc.) and the radio is connected to the coaxial cable (e.g., without limitation, RG-6, RG 509, 75 ohm, etc.) 841 and may be coupled to the coaxial cable 842 through a connector 846 on the right. A smaller example of the wireless device 801 is shown below for a larger example. As can be seen in this smaller example (most of the details have been removed), the radio 801 is daisy-chained with the left radio 800 through the coaxial cable 841 and through the right coaxial cable 842 Can be daisy-chained with the wireless device 802. The radio 802 is then daisy-chained with the right radio 803. In this example, a radio 803 is shown at the end of the daisy chain. It is contemplated that the wireless device 800 may be coupled to a coaxial cable 840 that may be used to connect to more radios, power, data connections, networks, computing resources and / or RF signals, and / or other digital or analog signals, At the beginning of the chain. The wireless devices (800, 801, 802, 803) and / or additional radios coupled to such a daisy-chain may be radios of substantially the same or similar structure and / or configuration, or they may have significantly different structures and / have.

The coaxial cable daisy chain may use any standard or proprietary network protocol, including but not limited to MoCA, Ethernet and / or DOCSIS.

Referring back to the larger example (details) of the wireless device 801 on the daisy chain, in one embodiment, the wireless device 801 includes one or more antennas 890, which may be internal or external to the wireless device 801 enclosure. ). The antenna (s) can be any type of antenna including, without limitation, a patch antenna, a dipole, a monopole, a printed circuit board ("PCB") antenna, a yagi, In one embodiment, a single antenna 890 is present. In another embodiment, there is more than one antenna 890, and in another embodiment at least two antennas 890 are cross-polarized relative to each other. In another embodiment, the antenna or antennas 890 are external to the wireless device 801 and are coupled to one or more connectors 891, which may be coaxial connectors or other conductive connectors, or include RF or inductive connections without limitation Nonconductive connectors, which are made of non-conductive material. The external antenna may also be coupled to the radio 801 without coupling through a connector, including through a fixed wired connection without limitation.

In one embodiment, the radio 801 receives power from an external power source coupled via either or both coaxial cables 841 or 842, in either DC or AC power form. In another embodiment, the wireless device 801 may be any of a variety of wireless devices including, without limitation, a DC or AC power connector (e.g., EIAJ-01, EIAJ-02, EIAJ-03, EIAJ-04, EIAJ-05, Molex connectors, Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > 892 < / RTI > In another embodiment, the wireless device 801 receives power con- ductively without a connector, including through a wired connection without limitation. In another embodiment, the wireless device 801 receives power wirelessly through a rectifying antenna, via inductive coupling, via an antenna 890, via an external antenna, via photovoltaic cells, or via other wireless transmission means without limitation And receives power wirelessly, including doing so.

In one embodiment, the radio 801 receives and / or transmits timing, calibration, and / or analog or digital signals (collectively, "additional signals " The timing signal may include, without limitation, a clock, pulses per second "TPS ", synchronization, and / or a" GPS "(Global Positioning Satellite) signal. The calibration signal may include, without limitation, one or more of power level information in analog and / or digital form, channel state information, power information, RF channel information, and / or pre-distortion information. In one embodiment, these additional signals are received and / or transmitted wirelessly. In one embodiment, these additional signals are received and / or transmitted via coaxial cables 841 and / or 842. In one embodiment, these additional signals are transmitted and / or received from the radio 801. In one embodiment, the additional signal is transmitted and / or received from one or more external devices. In one embodiment, the one or more external devices are one or more additional radios in the MU-MAS. In one embodiment, the one or more external devices are one or more user devices in the MU-MAS. In one embodiment, the one or more external devices are one or more devices that are not radio in the MU-MAS.

1.3 Twist Fair  Through cable daisy - Chained  Wireless devices

8B illustrates an embodiment in which the wireless device 811 is a wireless transceiver similar to the wireless device 801 disclosed above except that each end of the wireless device 811 is connected to a twisted pair cable (e.g., Network connectors 855 and 856 (e.g., without limitation, RJ-45, RJ-11 connectors) that can be coupled to a wireless network And then to the twisted pair cable 851 through the left connector 855 and to the twisted pair cable 852 through the right connector 856. [

The twisted pair cable daisy chain may use any standard or proprietary network protocol, including but not limited to Ethernet.

A smaller example of the wireless device 811 is shown below for a larger example. As can be seen in this smaller example (most of the details have been removed), the radio 811 is daisy-chained with the left radio 810 via twisted pair cable 851 and the right twisted pair cable 852, Can be daisy-chained with the wireless device 812 via the antenna 812. The radio 812 is then daisy-chained with the right radio 813. In this example, a radio 813 is shown at the end of the daisy chain. The wireless device 810 may be coupled with a twisted pair cable 850 that is available for connection to more radios, power, data connections, networks, computing resources and / or RF signals, and / or other digital or analog signals, At the beginning of the daisy chain. The wireless devices 810, 811, 812, 813 and / or additional radios coupled to such a daisy-chain may be radios of substantially the same or similar structure and / or configuration, or they may have significantly different structures and / have.

Referring again to the larger (more detailed) example of the wireless device 811 on the daisy chain, it has connectors and features similar to those described above for the wireless device 801. The wireless device 811 may include one or more antennas 890 that may be internal or external to the wireless device 811 enclosure and one or more antenna connectors 891 as described in detail with respect to the wireless device 801 above. ).

In one embodiment, the radio 811 receives power from an external power source coupled via either or both twisted pair cables 851 or 852, in either DC or AC power form. In another embodiment, the wireless device 811 receives power from an external power source coupled to the connector 892 wirelessly and / or as described in detail with respect to the wireless device 801 above.

In one embodiment, the wireless device 811 receives and / or transmits additional signals coupled through one or more connectors 812. [ In one embodiment, these additional signals are received and / or transmitted wirelessly. In one embodiment, these additional signals are received and / or transmitted via twisted pair 851 and / or 852. In one embodiment, these additional signals are transmitted and / or received from the radio 811. In another embodiment, the additional signal is transmitted and / or received from one or more external devices as described in detail with respect to radio 801 above.

Through 1.4 fiber cable daisy - Chained  Wireless devices

8C illustrates an embodiment in which the wireless device 821 is a wireless transceiver similar to the wireless devices 801 and 811 disclosed above except that each end of the wireless device 821 includes a fiber cable (e.g., DC, SC, LC, MU, MT-RJ, MPO connectors) that can be coupled to the left connector 865 and / To the fiber cable 861 through the right connector 866 and to the fiber cable 862 via the right connector 866.

The fiber cable daisy chain may use any standard or proprietary network protocol, including but not limited to Ethernet and / or "CPRI " (Common Public Radio Interface).

A smaller example of a wireless device 821 is shown below a larger example. As can be seen in this smaller example (most of the details have been removed), the radio 821 is daisy-chained with the left radio 820 via the fiber cable 861 and through the right fiber cable 863 Can be daisy-chained with the wireless device 822. The radio 822 is then daisy-chained with the right radio 823. In this example, a radio 823 is shown at the end of the daisy chain. It is contemplated that the wireless device 820 may be coupled to a fiber optic cable 860 with fiber cables 860 that are available for connection to more radios, power, data connections, networks, computing resources and / or RF signals, At the beginning of the chain. The wireless devices 820, 821, 822, and 823 coupled to such a daisy-chain and / or additional radios may be radios of substantially the same or similar structure and / or configuration, or they may be quite different in structure and / have.

Referring again to the larger (more detailed) example of the wireless device 821 on the daisy chain, it has connectors and features similar to those described above for the wireless devices 801 and 811. The wireless device 811 may include one or more antennas 890 that may be internal or external to the wireless device 811 enclosure and one or more antenna connectors 891 as described in detail with respect to the wireless device 801 above. ).

In one embodiment, the wireless device 821 is coupled (e.g., via a rectifying antenna responsive to photovoltaic or optical wavelengths) to light transmitted through one or both fiber cables 861 or 862 and converted to electrical power And receives power from an external power source. In another embodiment, the wireless device 821 receives power from an external power source coupled to the connector 892 wirelessly and / or as described in detail with respect to the wireless device 801 above.

In one embodiment, the wireless device 821 receives and / or transmits additional signals coupled through one of the more connectors 893. In one embodiment, these additional signals are received and / or transmitted wirelessly. In one embodiment, these additional signals are received and / or transmitted via fiber cable 861 and / or 862. In one embodiment, these additional signals are transmitted and / or received from the radio 821. In another embodiment, the additional signal is transmitted and / or received from one or more external devices as described in detail with respect to radio 801 above.

1.5 Using more than one cable type daisy - Chained  Wireless devices

When comparing the radios 801, 811 and 821, they are structurally very similar, but the daisy-chain cable is a coaxial cable for the radio 801, a twisted pair for the radio 811, And that there is a difference. Compared to coaxial cable and twisted pair cable, they have many similarities in terms of electrical properties including, without limitation, the ability to carry DC or AC power and the ability to carry RF signals. Depending on the particular type of coaxial or twisted-pair cable, they may be used in their electrical or RF characteristics, without limitation, their efficiency in transporting different DC or AC voltages or currents, their efficiency in transporting different RF radiation wavelengths Efficiency, their cable leakage at different RF radiation wavelengths, their impedance at different frequencies, their resistance to DC, the number of conductors in the cable, and the signal power they can carry.

When fiber is compared to a twisted pair or coaxial cable, the main difference is that the fiber cable carries the optical radiation wavelength (e.g., at a wavelength below the optical radiation wavelength designed to carry the fiber) Is not available. Different types of fibers carry different light emission wavelengths with different properties, but as a data transmission medium, a fiber cable typically has a signal quality (e.g., without limitation, signal to noise ratio (" SNR ")), which makes it feasible to maintain high signal quality for long distances, unrealistic for coaxial or twisted pair cables. In addition, fibers can actually carry larger bandwidth and higher data rate signals than coaxial or twisted pair cables in general. The fiber cable may be fabricated in the same cable sleeve as the conductive cable (e.g., without limitation, coaxial, twisted pair, or other conductive cable), so that the conductively coupled power and / or RF radiation wavelength . Alternatively, the fiber cable may be tied or wrapped together with the conductive cable at deployment to achieve a similar result.

In addition, different specific cables have different physical properties that may be appropriate in different deployment scenarios. They differ in thickness, weight, flexibility, durability, flame retardancy, and cost. Selection of the type of cable used (coaxial, twisted pair, or fiber cable), and within each type of cable, the specific selection of each type of cable (e.g., without limitation, RG-6, RG-89, Type, BNC, RJ-45, RJ-11, ST, etc.) used for daisy-chaining wireless devices 801, 811 and / DC), without limitation, what cables are already in place at the installation site; The cost of the cable; Length of cable; Size, cost, power consumption, heat dissipation, performance characteristics of the wireless device 801, 811, 821 or 831; Aesthetic considerations; Environmental considerations; Regulatory requirements, and the like.

In some situations, more than one type of cable characteristic for daisy chaining may be desirable for a given radio. In one embodiment, illustrated in Figure 8D, the radio 831 uses two or more types of cables for daisy-chaining. The radio 831 has two different types of connectors on either side to accommodate two different types of cables: connectors 875 and 876 are coaxial cable connectors and connectors 885 and 886 are twisted-pair connectors. The coaxial cable 871 and the twisted pair cable 881 are connected to the left side, and the coaxial cable 872 and the twisted pair cable 882 are connected to the right side. In another embodiment, one or the other connector is a fiber connector to which a fiber cable is attached. In another embodiment, one, some or all of the daisy chain connectors on the wireless device 801, 811, 821 or 831 are for different types of cables. In another embodiment, one, some, or all of the daisy-chain connectors on the wireless device 801, 811, 821, or 831 may be, without limitation, a "twisted pair, " SFP "(small form-factor pluggable) module, which has its own physical layer transceiver and connector.

A smaller example of a wireless device 831 is shown below a larger example. As can be seen in this smaller example (most of the details have been removed), the radio 831 is daisy-chained with the left radio 830 via cables 871 and 881 and the right cables 872 and 882, Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > 832 < / RTI > Then, the radio 832 is then daisy-chained with the right radio 833. In this example, a radio 833 is shown at the end of the daisy chain. It is contemplated that the wireless device 830 may be coupled with cables 870 and 880 that are available for connection to more radios, power, data connections, networks, computing resources and / or RF signals, and / or other digital or analog signals, At the beginning of the daisy chain. The radios 830, 831, 832, 833 and / or additional radios coupled to such a daisy-chain may be radios of substantially the same or similar structure and / or configuration, or they may have significantly different structures and / have. Similarly, radios 801, 811, 821 or 831 with daisy chain connector embodiments such as those described in the previous paragraph can be daisy chained together. (E.g., as described above with antenna 892, connector 891, or other means as described above), power coupling (e.g., with connectors 892 as described above or other means And / or additional signal coupling (e.g., as described above with the connector 893 or other means), such as those described in the previous paragraph, 811, 821, or 831, which have wireless communication devices 801, 811, 821, or 831, respectively.

2. Daisy - Chain Wireless Architecture Example

Figures 9A, 9B, 9C, 9D and 9E illustrate some embodiments of the radios 801, 811, 821 and 831 of Figures 8A, 8B, 8C and 8D. Each of the embodiments illustrated in each of Figs. 9A, 9B, 9C, 9D and 9E is applicable to any of the radios 801, 811, 821 and 831 having the elements illustrated in the given figure.

FIG. 9A illustrates a wireless device that may be inserted into a network daisy chain coupled to a data center or other computing and / or data resource over a network link (described in more detail below in connection with FIG. 16). 9A, where the PHY 901 is coupled to the upstream network 900 (the "upstream" is meant to be closer to the data center in the daisy chain), and the PHY 901, ("Downstream " means farther from the daisy chain to the data center). PHY 901 is coupled to network switch 903 via physical interconnect 902 (e.g., without limitation, bus, serial interconnect, etc.) and PHY 906 is coupled to a network switch 903, respectively. The network switch 903 may be configured to route data upstream or downstream between the PHYs 905 and 901 and / or some or all (e.g., And to route the data to the baseband processing and control unit 910. In one embodiment, the switch is configured for specific routing of some or all of the data. In another embodiment, the switch is configured to route data based on a source or destination address (e.g., without limitation, an IP address) associated with the data of the data.

The network switch 903 is coupled to the baseband processing and control unit 910 which can stream data packets from / to the network switch 903 to and from the AD / DA unit 911 (e.g., (E.g., 8 bits, 16 bits, 24 bits, 32 bits, or any length data sample), fixed length numeric value, floating point numeric value, compressed numeric value, bit coded digit Value), or uses them as control data.

Data to be streamed to / from unit 910 may be streamed directly to / from unit 910 without further processing or additional processing may be applied to the data stream. Additional processing may include, without limitation, buffering the data; Maintaining data to be released in response to a particular trigger or timing event; Compressing and / or decompressing the data; Without limitation, filtering data through a finite impulse response (FIR) or other filter; Resampling the data at different clock rates, higher or lower than the received clock rate, or on a different time base; Scaling the amplitude of the data; Limiting the data to a maximum value; Deleting data samples from the stream; Inserting data sample sequences into the stream; Scrambling or descrambling the data; Or encrypting or decrypting the data, and the like. Unit 910 may also include, without limitation, any or all of the operations described in this paragraph, and / or dedicated hardware or computing means for implementing some or all of the functionality of the wireless protocol, DA conversion) to / from the network switch 903 or to / from the unit 912 and / or after the AD / DA conversion at the unit 911).

Data from / to unit 903 may be transmitted to unit 910 and RF processing unit 912, as shown by interconnection 913 connecting to / from unit 910 and RF processing unit 912, without limitation, May be used as control data for transmitting and receiving messages to / from any subsystem within the wireless device, and / or from / to other units. The message may comprise, without limitation, any subsystem within the radio; Reading the status of any subsystem in the wireless device; Transmitting or receiving timing information; Rerouting the data stream; Controlling the power level; Changing the sample rate; Changing the transmit / receive frequency; Changing the bandwidth; Changing the duplexing; Switching between transmit mode and receive mode; Controlling filtering; Configuring the network mode; Loading an image into the memory subsystem or reading an image therefrom; Or loading an image into a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or reading an image therefrom, and the like.

The AD / DA unit 911 converts the digital data samples received from the unit 910 into one or more analog voltages and / or currents coupled to the RF processing unit 912 and one or more analog voltages from the unit 912 and / / RTI > and / or < / RTI > The unit 911 may be implemented as receiving data in parallel or in series, with fixed or configurable, any data sample size and any data rate.

In the transmit path, one or more analog voltages and / or currents received by the RF processing unit 912 may be coupled as an RF signal directly to one or more antenna outputs 914, or the signal may be coupled to an RF waveform by an RF processing unit May be used as one or more baseband signals that are modulated on one or more carrier frequencies being synthesized, and then the modulated signal on the carrier frequency is coupled to one or more antennas 914. [ The signal from unit 910 may be in the form of a baseband waveform or a baseband I / Q waveform, without limitation.

In the receive path, the received RF signal from one or more of the antennas 914 may be coupled as a voltage and / or current directly to the unit 911, or the signal may be coupled from one or more carrier frequencies to a baseband waveform or baseband I / Q waveform Demodulated, which is coupled to the unit 911 as voltage and / or current and converted into a data stream.

The RF unit 912 may include other RF processing functions including, without limitation, a power amplifier, a low noise amplifier, a filter, an attenuator, a circulator, a switch, and a balun.

Antenna 914 may be any type of antenna, including, without limitation, a patch antenna, dipole, monopole, or PCB antenna, In one embodiment, a single antenna 890 is present. In another embodiment, there is more than one antenna 890, and in another embodiment at least two antennas 890 are cross-polarized relative to each other.

Figure 9b illustrates a further embodiment of the radio illustrated in Figure 9a, showing a different embodiment of the cloaking subsystem. Unit 920 is a clock and / or synchronous distribution and synthesis unit, which may be implemented in a single device or in multiple devices without limitation. It distributes timing signals to other subsystems within the radio, including, without limitation, clock and synchronization signals. 9B, these subsystems include, without limitation, a baseband and control unit 910, an AD / DA unit 911, an RF processing unit 912, a network PHY 901, a network switch 903 ) And / or a network PHY 902. Timing signals that are distributed to different subsystems may include, without limitation, the same timing signal, different timing signals that are synchronous with each other, different timing signals that are asynchronous with each other, timing signals that are synchronized to an external reference, and / Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > asynchronous < / RTI >

The timing signal may be any frequency, including, without limitation, 10 MHz, and the timing signal may be, without limitation, the same frequency, a different frequency, a varying frequency, and / or a variable frequency. The timing signal can use any timing reference, including, without limitation, an external reference, an internal reference, or a combination of an external reference and an internal reference.

The external timing reference may include, without limitation, a timing reference 922 derived from a timing reference carried over the daisy chain, either upstream 923 from upstream 921 or upstream 921 from downstream 923; GPSDO "(Global Positioning Satellite Disciplined Oscillator) 924 for deriving timing references (e.g., 10 MHz clock and PPS) from radio signals received from GPS (Global Positioning Satellite); External clock reference; An external PPS 940; And / or network timing signals derived from upstream network 900 or downstream network 906 by network PHY 901, network switch 903 and / or network PHY 905. The network timing criteria may include, without limitation, timing criteria derived from Ethernet SyncE (e.g., ITU G.8261, ITU G.8262, ITU G.8264, etc.); IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol; And / or a clock and synchronization signal derived from a network signal, protocol, or traffic.

The internal timing reference includes, without limitation, an oscillator 928 and / or a controlled oscillator 929. Oscillators 928 and 929 may be any type of oscillator, including, without limitation, a crystal oscillator, a rubidium clock, a cesium clock, and / or a resistor-capacitor network oscillator, or an inductor-capacitor resonant circuit. Oscillators 928 and 929 can be, without limitation, unstabilized; A temperature-compensated oscillator, and / or an oven-controlled oscillator. Oscillators 928 and 929 may be of any type, including, without limitation, low precision, 1 "ppm" (part per million); 1 "ppb" (part per billion); Have arbitrary precision in each frequency range, have any Allan Deviation, and can have any short-term or long-term stability. The oscillator 929 may include, without limitation, analog values such as voltage, current, and resistance; A digital value coupled in series, parallel or the like; And / or a frequency or the like. When the oscillator 929 is controlled by an analog value it may be controlled by a digital-to-analog converter 930 or the like that receives digital values 931 from a potentiometer, unit 910 or other source within the voltage divider network . When the oscillator 929 is controlled by a digital value, it can be controlled by, for example, a digital value 931 or the like from the unit 910 or other source, without limitation. The frequency of the controlled oscillator 929 may be free-running or include, without limitation, timing from a network, timing from a daisy chain separate from the network, timing from a data center, timing from a wireless protocol, To an internal or external timing source of any type.

The timing on the daisy chain network may be pre-running, or it may be synchronized using any number of network synchronization methods, including, without limitation, SyncE and / or IEEE 1588, and the like. The synchronization protocol may have its own self-synchronization mechanism, or the timing signal 927 may be transferred from one network PHY 901 or 905 to another and / or to / from the network switch 903.

9C illustrates a further embodiment of the radio illustrated in Figs. 9A and 9B, showing a power conversion and distribution system. Unit 950 is a power conversion / distribution unit, which is a power conversion / distribution unit that converts and / or converts power through combinations (e.g., without limitation, wires, printed circuit board traces, and / May be implemented in a single device or in a plurality of devices, without limitation, to implement dispensing. Unit 950 may be used in a radio, including, without limitation, a different voltage; Different independent power buses (either the same voltage or different voltages); Different current levels; AC or DC power; Wireless power, and the like. As illustrated in Figure 9c, subsystems that receive power from unit 950 may include, without limitation, baseband and control unit 910, AD / DA unit 911, RF processing unit 912, network PHY A network switch 901, a network switch 903, and / or a network PHY 902. The power coupling distributed to the different subsystems may be, without limitation, the same power coupling; Different power coupling with the same or different voltage and / or current; And / or a variable voltage.

Power can be any voltage or current of any voltage or current, including AC, DC, 1 volt ("V"), 2.2 V, 3.3 V, 5 V, -5 V, 6 V, 12 V, . The power may be from any source, including, without limitation, an external source, an internal source, or a combination of an external source and an internal source.

The external power source may be any power source that is derived from a power source carried over the daisy chain, whether upstream power coupling 951 to downstream power coupling 953 or downstream power coupling 953 to upstream power coupling 951, Pass-through power supply 952; May include, without limitation, radio wave transmission (e.g., received by a rectifying antenna without limitation), inductive power (e.g., coupled through a transformer without limitation), optical energy (e.g., coupled through a photocell, rectifier antenna, A wireless power 954 that may originate from the base station; Either through direct coupling 957 from the upstream network 900 to the downstream network 906 or through switching and / or power insertion in one or both network PHYs 900 or 905 or network switches 903, Network power carried over a chain network; Via network power coupling 956 from network PHY 901, 903 or 905; And / or without limitation, cables, jacks, external power connections 955 through conductive contacts, and the like.

Power transmission through the daisy chain to / from the downstream power coupling 953 via the upstream power coupling 951 or to / from the downstream network 906 via the upstream network 900 can always be passed , Or it may be allowed to pass only if the radio is configured to do so or if external conditions (such as detection of an appropriate device connected to either end of the daisy chain) triggers that power is allowed to pass. Without limitation, any type of device including transistors and / or mechanical relays, including but not limited to metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) and the like, can be used to control whether power passes.

The internal power source includes any type of battery 958, including, without limitation, lithium-ion, lithium polymer, fuel cell, and electric generator.

Figure 9d illustrates a further embodiment of the radio illustrated in Figures 9a, 9b and 9c showing the upstream 961 and downstream 963 RF links coupled to the RF processing unit 912. The RF links 961 and 963 may be coupled to one another through a conductive coupling, such as, without limitation, via coaxial cable, twisted pair cable, or the like, or a carrier wave (e.g., without limitation, infrared radiation, visible light radiation , And / or ultraviolet radiation, etc.) via fiber, or through wireless coupling including, without limitation, through any type of antenna, and / or through inductive coupling .

RF links 961 and 963 may be coupled together and then coupled to unit 912 via RF link 962 as illustrated in Figure 9D or they may each be individually coupled to unit 912 , They may be coupled together but may not be coupled to unit 912. Each of these couplings may be through any of the RF (including optical wavelengths) couplings, as described in detail in the previous paragraph, whether they are to each other or to the unit 912. Combinations can be made through, without limitation, through one or more (or any type) of the following: direct connection; RF splitter; RF attenuator; RF balun; RF filter; Power amplifier; And / or a low noise amplifier. The RF coupling may not be connected to anything, or may be connected to one or more of the antennas 914. RF coupling can carry signals of one or more RF center frequencies and one or more bandwidths. The RF signal may be transmitted, received, or transmitted and received at any of unit 912, link 961, and / or link 963. The RF signal may be, without limitation, any data, control signal, RF protocol, beacon, RF timing signal, RF channel, RF power reference, RF pre-distortion information, RF interference information, RF calibration information, clock, and / Type information and / or signal reference information.

Figure 9e illustrates a further embodiment of the radio illustrated in Figures 9a, 9b, 9c and 9d, wherein the network shows an upstream 900 and a downstream 906 network link, which is a more general RF channel than a switched link . For example, this is a common configuration used with coaxial networks using, without limitation, network protocols such as MoCA and DOCSIS. Upstream 900 and downstream 906 network links are coupled to an RF splitter 972 which is coupled to network PHY 971 and coupled to baseband processing and control 910. RF splitter 972 may include more than three branches and it may also include a power amplifier that amplifies some or all of the RF signal in one or more directions. It may also include attenuators and / or filters to limit which RF bands pass through the different paths. The RF splitter 972 can also pass power to one or more or a plurality of branches, which can also insert power on one or more of its branches.

The embodiments of the radios 801, 811, 821 and 831 illustrated in Figures 8A, 8B, 8C and 8D are similar to the embodiments described in Figures 9A, 9B, 9C, 9D and 9E Internal elements corresponding to one or more of the elements, sometimes as independent elements, and sometimes as combined elements. For example, without limitation, each of the wireless devices 801, 811, 821, and 831 may include upstream and downstream daisy-chain cable connections, such as coaxial (e.g., 841/842 and 871/872), twisted pair 852 and 881/882) or fibers (e.g., 861/862). These daisy chain connections correspond to the embodiments of FIGS. 9A, 9B, 9C, 9D and 9E, which are upstream and downstream daisy chain connections such as 900/906, 911/923, 951/953 and 961/963 . If the daisy chain cable in the wireless device 801, 811, 821 or 831 is physically possible with the embodiment described in connection with Figs. 9A, 9B, 9C, 9D and 9E, the daisy- Lt; / RTI > For example, coaxial and twisted-pair cable daisy chains can be used to conductively transmit upstream 951 and downstream 953 power (e.g., without limitation, power through many coaxial or power technologies via Ethernet The fiber cable can be transmitted in the form of light and can carry electricity converted into electricity using a photovoltaic cell, for example, without limitation, using any of the above. Each of the daisy chain cables may also carry upstream 900 and downstream 906 standards and proprietary network protocols, including Ethernet, as noted above, without limitation. All daisy-chain cables can also carry timing information 921 and 923, and they can provide network timing 926 with network protocols and signals that carry timing information. The daisy-chain cable may carry upstream (961) and downstream (963) RFs of a given frequency / wavelength (e.g., without limitation, many coaxial cables may efficiently propagate the 1GHz frequency and many twisted- Effectively spreading the 100 ㎒ frequency, and many fiber cables efficiently propagate the 1300 nm wavelength).

In the case of a wireless device 831, a plurality of daisy chain cable pairs may correspond to one of the daisy chain connections illustrated in Figures 9A, 9B, 9C, 9D and 9E, respectively, Can respond.

The antenna 890 and / or the antenna connector 891 of the radio 801, 811, 821 or 831 may be connected to the antenna on the units 924 and / or 954 of Figures 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d and 9e and / / RTI > and / or < / RTI >

The power connector 892 of the radio 801, 811, 821 or 831 may correspond to the external power 955 of Figs. 9A, 9B, 9C, 9D and 9E. The antenna 890 and / or the antenna connector 891 of the wireless device 801, 811, 821 or 831 may also correspond to the antenna of the wireless power receiver 954.

The connector 893 of the radio 801, 811, 821 or 831 may carry an additional signal corresponding to the external clock 925, the PPS 940 or the RF link 962 coupled to the unit 912.

3. Sleeve  Or radio in the duct daisy  chain

10A, 10B, 10C and 10D illustrate the above-described and described FIGS. 8A, 8B, and 8C, with the daisy chained radio architecture embodiment illustrated above and illustrated in FIGS. 9A, 9B, 9C, 9D, The radar daisy chained radio embodiments illustrated in Figures 8c and 8d illustrate some embodiments accommodated within a sleeve or duct. For purposes of illustration, the daisy chained wireless devices shown in Figs. 10a, 10b, 10c and 10d do not have many of the details of the daisy chained radio described above, but any of the daisy chained wireless devices shown in Figs. 10a, 10b, 10c and 10d Any of the above daisy chain embodiments applicable to the sleeve or duct embodiment illustrated in Fig. It should be noted that the sleeve or duct may be in many forms, including, without limitation, a flexible plastic tube that completely seals the radio daisy chain, or a rigid plastic duct that partially seals the radio chain.

10A illustrates a sleeve or duct 1010 that encapsulates a daisy chain of radios 1000, 1001, 1002, The daisy chain shows network cables 1020 and 1021 extending from both sides and they may be connected to an additional daisy chain or radio, upstream or downstream network connection, to a power source, to an RF source, to a timing source, . In practice, the daisy chain connection may be connected as described in any of the many embodiments described above.

10b illustrates a sleeve or duct encapsulating a daisy chain of radios. The daisy chain shows the radio daisy chain described in the previous paragraph, but in this embodiment the sleeve or duct 1011 also encapsulates the pass-through cable 1030. The pass-through cable 1030 may be a cable used for any purpose, including, without limitation, coaxial, twisted-pair or coaxial cables and / or power cables carrying high data rate data. There may be one or more pass-through cables 1030.

10c illustrates a sleeve or duct 1012 that encapsulates the daisy-chain and pass-through cable of a radio as described in the previous paragraph, but in this embodiment the sleeve or duct is physically reinforced by the support strand 1040 And can be made of any of a wide variety of materials, including galvanized steel. An example of such a sleeve or duct 1012 with galvanized steel support strand is a "Figure 8" -branded duct from a dura-line and the specification is currently available at http://www.duraline.com/conduit / figure-8. The support strand 1040 may help to support the duct, for example, during an air deployment of the duct, between poles.

10d illustrates a sleeve or duct 1012 (with a reduced size example) that encapsulates a daisy-chain and pass-through cable of a radio with support strand 1040 as described in the previous paragraph, In the example, the sleeve or duct daisy chain 1012 is connected in a continuous daisy chain with other sleeves or ducts. Between each sleeve or duct daisy chain 1012, in this embodiment, can be used to couple power to the daisy chain ends 1020 or 1021, and / or to / from the daisy chain ends 1020, There is data and / or power combiner 1050 that can be used to combine data. The data and / or power combiner 1050 may be physically supported by the support strand 1040 by hanging or otherwise. Power may come from any power source, including without limitation pass-through power cable 1030 and / or photovoltaic cells. The data connection may be from any source including a pass-through high bandwidth fiber twisted pair or coaxial cable 1030. [ The data and / or power combiner 1050 may be configured such that the daisy chain cable will typically be limited in power and / or data throughput and that each of the radios 1000, 1001, 1002 and 1003 on the daisy chain will draw a certain amount of power And will consume a certain amount of data throughput. Once the power and / or data capacity of the daisy chain cable is exhausted, the radio attached to the daisy chain may no longer exist. The pass-through cable 1030 may be designated to carry sufficient power for some daisy chains, and the pass-through cable 1030 may be specified to support data throughput sufficiently high to support some daisy chains. For example, without limitation, a daisy-chain cable supports 1 Gigabit Ethernet with a "PoE +" (Power over Ethernet +) power limit (limited to approximately 25 watts ("W")) Mbps and 6 W for power, there will be a data rate of 900 Mbps and 24 W of power if there are four radios in the daisy chain and there will not be enough data rate or power for other radios. If there is one or more pass-through cables 1030 capable of carrying (a) 250 W of power and (b) a data rate of 10 Gbps, it will be sufficient to support 10 daisy chains of four radios 24 W * 10 = 240 W, 900 Mbps * 10 = 9 Gbps). The data and / or power combiner 1050 may combine power into the daisy-chain cable in any of a number of ways, including using a commercially available PoE + switch having a 10 Gbps fiber port and one or more 1 Gbps PoE + . While PoE + standards (eg, IEEE 802.3at-2009) may not support daisy chaining of power, PoE + can still be used to bring power to the first daisy-chained radio attached to the PoE + switch, Lt; / RTI > can be used thereafter. Proprietary power insertion techniques include, without limitation, coupling power to network signal wires within a daisy-chain network cable.

4. Radio daisy  The actual placement of the chain

Figure 11 illustrates a pole with daisy chained radios in a sleeve and duct, such as those described in Figures 10A and 10D. The sleeve or duct 1012 suspended between the two electrical poles is identical to that illustrated in FIG. 10D with four daisy chained radios 1000, 1001, 1002 and 1003 and the daisy chain end is connected to the data and / or power combiner 1050 coupled to high-speed data from the pass-through cable 1030 and coupled to a high-power electrical line in the supply zone of the telephone pole and to reduce the voltage to the unit 1050 Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > 1100 < / RTI > The meter 1101 monitors power usage for billing or other purposes. Because it may be expensive to connect to the high voltage electrical line, the power converter 1100 provides sufficient power to many units 1050 with the power being transferred between the units 1050 in the pass-through strand 1030 Can be used.

11 also illustrates an embodiment of a vertical arrangement of daisy-chained radios in a sleeve or duct 1010 attached to a side of a telephone pole. This corresponds to the sleeve or duct 1010 illustrated in Figure 10a. At one end, the daisy-chained network connection 1020 is attached to the unit 1050 for data and power. Since these daisy chains are terminated when they reach the ground, there is no need for a continuous daisy-chain network connection at the bottom end and no pass-through cable is required. Also, since the telephone pole provides structural stability, no support strand is required. It is also noted that the unit 1050 is coupled to three daisy chains, that is, to two vertical horizontal daisy chains between the pole poles and one vertical daisy chain on the side of the pole. There is no restriction that all daisy chains must be sequential line network topologies; They can be any of many topologies. For example, without limitation, this unit 1050 can support three daisy chains by using a PoE + network switch with three ports for three daisy chaining and one port for high bandwidth pass-through cable . (E.g., three 1 Gbps PoE + connections for three daisy chains and one 10 Gbps fiber connection for pass-through cables).

The embodiment of the daisy chain cable shown in Fig. 11 is merely exemplary. Any number of daisy chained radio configurations of any topology may be used, without limitation, depending on deployment requirements, municipal regulations, cost constraints, distance of span, and the like. Importantly, the daisy chain of radios is no different from a cable. In many municipalities, cables do not require permits, or it is easier to get their permits than antenna permits. Also, from an aesthetic point of view, cables are less noticeable than large antennas.

Figure 12 illustrates two lamp posts with a radio daisy chain 1010 attached. The illustrated embodiment coincides with the radio daisy chain 1010 from Fig. 10a. In this embodiment, the data and power connections are made via an underground conduit 1251, with data and / or a power combiner (not shown) operating under the column, operating in the same manner as the data and power combiner 1050 illustrated in Figures 10D and 11 1250). As in FIG. 11, it is important to note that the radio daisy chain is no different from a cable. In many municipalities, cables do not require permits, or it is easier to get their permits than antenna permits. Also, from an aesthetic point of view, cables are less noticeable than large antennas.

Fig. 13 illustrates a building with many radio daisy chains attached to the outside and inside of the building. While all of these wireless data chains will connect to data and power connections, they have been omitted for illustrative purposes. The radio daisy chain 1300 is on the edge of the roof. The rooftop edge is a very favorable position for the antenna because of its high angle visibility to the street without interference. Typically, a number of antennas at the roof edge will be aesthetically unsightly, but sleeves or ducts can, without limitation, be limited in their small size, their ability to be painted in a color that matches the background, Due to the fact that it is flexible and can match the shape of the architectural features on the building (e.g., without limitation, cornice), and because there is already a cable on many buildings and it will be no different It can be made inconspicuous.

FIG. 13 shows a wireless device daisy chain 1301 over the architectural features on the window for less visibility, and a radio daisy chain 1301 (possibly pushed into a niche on the wall to further hide) And a radar daisy chain 1303 vertically along the edge of the wall, which are arranged along a downspout, perhaps less conspicuously. Also, the radio daisy chain 1304 is visible indoors, perhaps on a ceiling tile or in a wall. It should be noted that in this embodiment the radio daisy chain is not in the sleeve or duct because there will be a situation in which the radios and cables can be deployed in a daisy chain and nothing is needed. Apparently the radio daisy chain can be deployed in a wide range of locations, indoors and outdoors. In both of these embodiments, the radio daisy chain is located where it is convenient to deploy and where it is aesthetically acceptable.

Fig. 14 illustrates how a radio daisy chain need not be arranged in a straight line, but can be arranged in any shape that conforms to the physical and / or aesthetic requirements of the location. They need not be arranged in only two dimensions; Note that the radio daisy chain can be arranged in x, y and z dimensions. In fact, the more angular diversity is used, the better the performance is generally in the presently preferred MU-MAS embodiment.

Figure 15 illustrates how a radio daisy chain can also be deployed in an array topology. In this embodiment, an 8x8 array with 64 radios is shown, with 16 daisy chains connected to a network switch (e.g., PoE + switch without limitation). Such an array can be used in many applications, including beamforming and MIMO.

Figure 16 illustrates how a cloud-radio access network ("C-RAN") architecture can be used with a radio daisy chain. In one embodiment, the baseband waveforms are computed at the data center server. They can connect to a switch that connects to a number of radio daisy chains by serving the local network 1601 in the data center (e.g., without limitation, when the data center is in the arena and the local network is distributed throughout the arena) .

The line of sight microwave 1602 can be used as a data link that travels a greater distance than the local network and it can also be connected to a switch that connects to multiple radio daisy chains.

The fibers 1603 can be moved over a very long distance without the need for line of sight and can be connected to a switch that connects to a number of radio daisy chains. In addition, the switch can couple the repeated fibers 1604 to other switches, which in turn can connect different groups of multiple radio daisy chains.

Although the example in Fig. 16 shows a linear daisy chain, as previously mentioned, it can be bent into any shape that is convenient and aesthetically pleasing.

The C-RAN topology illustrated in FIG. 16 supports the pCell (TM) MU-MAS system illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3 and in the related patents and applications. Unlike other wireless technologies, the pCell supports very high density radio deployments and does not rely on a specific arrangement of radio or antenna (e.g., by contrast, cellular technology requires a specific radio interval depending on the cell plan). Thus, the pCell technology is well suited to the daisy-chain radio embodiments described herein, and can utilize a radio that is conveniently and aesthetically pleasingly positioned.

Embodiments of the present invention may include the various steps described above. Steps may be implemented with machine-executable instructions that may be used to cause a general purpose or special-purpose processor to perform the steps. Alternatively, these steps may be performed by specific hardware components including hardwired logic for performing the steps, or by any combination of programmed computer components and customized hardware components.

As described herein, an instruction may be stored in a non-volatile memory such as an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) having software instructions or predetermined functionality stored in a memory that is configured to perform a predetermined operation, Can refer to a specific configuration. Thus, the techniques illustrated in the figures may be implemented using code and data stored on and executed on one or more electronic devices. Such electronic devices include non-volatile computer-readable storage media (e.g., magnetic disks, optical disks, random access memories, read only memories, flash memory devices, phase change memories) For example, a computer-readable medium, such as an electrical, optical, acoustical or other form of propagated signal (e.g., carrier wave, infrared signal, digital signal, etc.) To other electronic devices).

Throughout this Detailed Description, for the purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without some of these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and functions have not been described in detail in order to avoid obscuring the subject matter of the present invention. Accordingly, the scope and spirit of the present invention should be determined in light of the following claims.

Claims (30)

As a system,
A plurality of radio transceivers arranged in an electrical or optical fiber (collectively "wired") daisy chain;
A plurality of digital baseband waveforms transmitted through the daisy chain,
Each wireless transceiver can receive a digital baseband waveform from the plurality of digital baseband waveforms and modulate a radio frequency ("RF ") signal,
Wherein the at least two radio transceivers receive different baseband waveforms. As a system,
A plurality of radio transceivers enclosed within the tube,
Wherein at least two of the radio transceivers are simultaneously transmitting different waveforms interfering with each other. As a system,
First and second radio transceivers enclosed in a tube;
And first and second wired connections threaded through the tube,
Wherein the first wired connection transmits data to the first wireless transceiver and the second wired connection transmits data to the second wireless transceiver. 4. The system of claim 3, further comprising the first and second radio transceivers transmitting different radio waves based on the data received from the wired connections. 4. The system of claim 3, further comprising the second wired connection coupled between the first wireless transceiver and the second wireless transceiver in the first wired connection and the daisy chain configuration coupled to the first wireless transceiver. system. 6. The system of claim 5, further comprising the second wireless transceiver coupled to one or more additional wireless transceivers via one or more wired connections. As a system,
A plurality of wireless transceivers coupled together in a wired daisy chain configuration,
The wireless transmissions of two or more of the plurality of wireless transceivers send clocks, pulses per second, Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) or other timing information (collectively "timing information") from signals carried on the daisy chain Receiving system. As a system,
A plurality of wireless transceivers coupled together in a wired daisy chain configuration,
Wherein wireless transmissions of two or more of the plurality of wireless transceivers receive timing information from signals outside the daisy chain. As a system,
A plurality of wireless transceivers coupled together in a wired daisy chain configuration,
Wherein wireless transmissions of two or more of the plurality of wireless transceivers receive timing information wirelessly. As a system,
A plurality of wireless transceivers coupled together in a wired daisy chain configuration,
Wherein at least two of the wireless transceivers receive power from the daisy chain. As a system,
A plurality of wireless transceivers coupled together in a wired daisy chain configuration,
Wherein at least two of the wireless transceivers receive power wirelessly. As a system,
A plurality of wireless transceivers coupled together in a wired daisy chain configuration,
At least two of the radio transceivers receive power level information, channel station information, power information, RF channel information, predistortion or other calibration information (collectively "calibration information") from signals carried on the daisy chain System. As a system,
A plurality of wireless transceivers coupled together in a wired daisy chain configuration,
Wherein at least two of the wireless transceivers receive calibration information from signals outside the daisy chain. As a system,
A plurality of wireless transceivers coupled together in a wired daisy chain configuration,
Wherein at least two of the wireless transceivers receive calibration information wirelessly. As a system,
A plurality of wireless transceivers coupled together in a wired daisy chain configuration, the wireless transceiver daisy chain being waterproof. A method for transmitting baseband signals to wireless transceivers,
Arranging a plurality of wireless transceivers in a wired daisy chain,
Transmitting a plurality of digital baseband waveforms through the daisy chain,
Receiving a digital baseband waveform from the plurality of digital baseband waveforms at each wireless transceiver and modulating the RF signal, and
And receiving different baseband waveforms in the two or more wireless transceivers. A method for transmitting wireless signals,
Enclosing the plurality of radio transceivers in a tube, and
And simultaneously transmitting different waveforms interfering with each other from at least two of the wireless transceivers. A method for transmitting wireless signals,
Enclosing the first and second radio transceivers in a tube,
Threading the first and second wired connections through the tube, and
Transmitting data to the first wireless transceiver through the first wired connection and transmitting data to the second wireless transceiver through the second wired connection. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the first and second radio transceivers transmit different radio waves based on the data received from the wired connections. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the first wired connection is coupled to the first wireless transceiver and the second wired connection is coupled between the first wireless transceiver and the second wireless transceiver in a daisy chain configuration. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the second wireless transceiver is coupled to one or more additional wireless transceivers via one or more wired connections. A method for transmitting wireless signals,
Combining the plurality of wireless transceivers into a wired daisy chain configuration,
Wherein wireless transmissions of two or more of the plurality of wireless transceivers receive timing information from signals carried on the daisy chain. A method for transmitting wireless signals,
Combining the plurality of wireless transceivers into a wired daisy chain configuration,
Wherein wireless transmissions of two or more of the plurality of wireless transceivers receive timing information from signals outside the daisy chain. A method for transmitting wireless signals,
Combining the plurality of wireless transceivers into a wired daisy chain configuration,
Wherein wireless transmissions of two or more of the plurality of wireless transceivers receive timing information wirelessly. A method for transmitting wireless signals,
Combining the plurality of wireless transceivers into a wired daisy chain configuration,
Wherein at least two of the wireless transceivers receive power from the daisy chain. A method for transmitting wireless signals,
Combining the plurality of wireless transceivers into a wired daisy chain configuration,
Wherein at least two of the wireless transceivers receive power wirelessly. A method for transmitting wireless signals,
Combining the plurality of wireless transceivers into a wired daisy chain configuration,
Wherein at least two of the wireless transceivers receive calibration information from signals carried on the daisy chain. A method for transmitting wireless signals,
Combining the plurality of wireless transceivers into a wired daisy chain configuration,
Wherein at least two of the wireless transceivers receive calibration information from signals outside the daisy chain. A method for transmitting wireless signals,
Combining the plurality of wireless transceivers into a wired daisy chain configuration,
Wherein at least two of the wireless transceivers receive calibration information wirelessly. A method for transmitting wireless signals,
Combining the plurality of wireless transceivers into a wired daisy chain configuration,
Wherein the wireless transceiver daisy chain is waterproof.

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