KR20190017938A - A remote distributed antenna system using reference signals in its wireless backhaul - Google Patents

Abstract

There is provided a distributed antenna system for frequency shifting the output of one or more microcells in a frequency range of 60 GHz or more for transmission to a distributed antenna set. The cellular band output of such a microcell base station device is used to calculate a subcarrier group for a 60 GHz carrier by modulating a 60 GHz (or higher) carrier. This group is then transmitted wirelessly through an analog microwave RF device, which may then be emitted or repeated to the surrounding area. The repeater amplifies the signal and retransmits it back to the next repeater wirelessly. Where a microcell is required, the 60 GHz signal is frequency shifted back to its original frequency (e.g., the 1.9 GHz cellular band) and is locally released to neighboring mobile devices.

Description

A remote distributed antenna system using reference signals in its wireless backhaul

Cross-reference to related application

This application claims priority from U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 15 / 179,193, filed June 10, 2016. All parts of the aforementioned applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

The present disclosure relates to wireless communications and, more particularly, to providing a remotely distributed antenna system using signals of a defined band such as, for example, microwaves.

Smartphones and other handheld devices are becoming more and more common, data usage is spiked, macrocell basestations and existing wireless infrastructure can not afford it. In order to provide additional mobile bandwidth, small cell deployments are being pursued through microcells and picocells that provide high cost coverage for areas much smaller than conventional macrocells.

1 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a distributed antenna system according to various aspects described herein.
2 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a distributed antenna system according to various aspects described herein.
3 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a distributed antenna launcher system according to various aspects described herein.
4 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a distributed antenna repeater system according to various aspects described herein.
5 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a distributed antenna launcher system according to various aspects described herein.
6 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a distributed antenna repeater system according to various aspects described herein.
7 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a millimeter-band antenna device according to various aspects described herein.
8 shows a flow diagram of an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a method for providing a distributed antenna system as described herein.
9 is a block diagram of an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a computing environment according to various aspects described herein.
10 is a block diagram of an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a mobile network platform according to various aspects described herein.
11A is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a communication system according to various aspects described herein.
11B is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a portion of the communication system of FIG. 11A according to various aspects described herein.
11C and 11D are block diagrams illustrating exemplary non-limiting embodiments of a communication node of the communication system of FIG. 11A according to various aspects described herein.
12A is a graphical diagram illustrating an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of downlink and uplink communication techniques that enable a base station in accordance with various aspects described herein to communicate with communication nodes.
12B is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a communication node according to various aspects described herein.
12C is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a communication node according to various aspects described herein.
12D is a graphical diagram illustrating an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a frequency spectrum according to various aspects described herein.
FIG. 12E is a graphical diagram illustrating an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a frequency spectrum according to various aspects described herein.
12f is a graph illustrating an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a frequency spectrum according to various aspects described herein.
12G is a graph illustrating an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a frequency spectrum according to various aspects described herein.
12H is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a transmitter according to various aspects described herein.
Figure 12i is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a receiver in accordance with various aspects described herein.
Figure 13A shows a flow diagram of an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a method according to various aspects described herein.
Figure 13B shows a flow diagram of an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a method according to various aspects described herein.
13C shows a flow diagram of an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a method according to various aspects described herein.
Figure 13d shows a flow diagram of an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a method according to various aspects described herein.
Figure 13E shows a flow diagram of an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a method according to various aspects described herein.
Figure 13f shows a flow diagram of an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a method according to various aspects described herein.
Figure 13g shows a flow diagram of an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a method according to various aspects described herein.
Figure 13h shows a flow diagram of an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a method according to various aspects described herein.
Figure 13i illustrates a flow diagram of an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a method according to various aspects described herein.
13J shows a flow diagram of an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a method according to various aspects described herein.
13K illustrates a flow diagram of an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a method according to various aspects described herein.

Reference is now made to one or more embodiments with reference to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals are used to generally denote like elements. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of various embodiments. However, it is evident that various embodiments may be practiced without these details (and without applying to any particular networking environment or standard).

A distributed antenna system is provided that allows one or more base stations to have antennas distributed over a large area to provide network connectivity to a growing number of mobile devices. Small-scale cell deployments can be used to supplement traditional macrocellular deployments and require a high-volume network of paired types to support them.

The various embodiments disclosed herein may be used to generate output signals of one or more microcells (or picocells, femtocells, and other types of small cell deployments) through a carrier having a frequency corresponding to a millimeter waveband (e.g., 60 GHz or greater) To a microwave system. However, the various embodiments disclosed herein can operate at almost any microwave frequency. A cluster of one or more microcell base station devices may be accommodated at a launching point and may serve several microcells in the vicinity. The RF (radio frequency) output of such a microcell base station device can be used to modulate a 60 GHz (or greater) carrier to produce a subcarrier group for a 60 GHz carrier. These groups can then be wirelessly transmitted through specially designed analog microwave RF devices and then relayed to or released from the surrounding area. The repeater amplifies the signal and retransmits it back to the next repeater wirelessly. Where a microcell is required, the 60 GHz signal is frequency shifted back to its original frequency (e.g., the 1.9 GHz cellular band) and is locally released to neighboring mobile devices.

As the 60 GHz carrier is hopped from one antenna point to the next antenna point, various subcarriers may be added or dropped depending on the traffic requirements of that point. The selection of a channel to be added or interrupted can be dynamically controlled as the traffic load is displaced. The return signal from the mobile device can be modulated with another frequency in the 60 GHz range and can be transmitted back in the opposite direction of the original launch point. In another embodiment, time division duplexing may be used and the return signal may be at the same frequency as the original signal. Thus, the repeater space-displaces the microcell base station device from the launching point location to another location essentially through a radio hop from one telephone pole to the other telephone pole. Launchers and repeaters are capable of frequency shifting the cellular signal through an analog method (carrier modulation) in a scalable and flexible manner, so that additional microcell and antenna points can be added, . The system described herein will not only support current cellular communications protocols, but will also support future deployments.

For these considerations and other considerations, in one or more embodiments, the system includes a memory for storing instructions and an operation comprising enabling reception of a first signal that is determined to be in a cellular band from a base station device And a processor coupled to the memory to enable execution of the instructions to perform the instructions. The operation includes modulating the carrier signal with the first signal and generating a transmission based on the carrier signal and the first signal. The operation may also include directing the transmission to the remote antenna wirelessly.

Another embodiment includes a processor coupled to a memory to enable execution of instructions for performing an operation comprising a memory for storing instructions and a first wireless transmission. The operation may also include extracting a signal of a cellular band frequency from the first wireless transmission. The operation may also include transmitting the signal to the mobile device and retransmitting the first wireless transmission.

In another embodiment, the method includes receiving, by an apparatus comprising a processor, a defined high frequency transmission directed to a remote antenna. The method may also include identifying a signal from the plurality of signals that is determined to be associated with the remote antenna, and wherein the plurality of signals are delivered to the plurality of channels with the defined high frequency transmission. The method may then include extracting the signal, transmitting a signal directed to the mobile device, and retransmitting the defined high frequency transmission directed to another remote antenna.

Referring now to FIG. 1, there is shown an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a distributed antenna system 100 according to various aspects described herein. The system 100 may include one or more microcell base stations (more details in Figures 3 and 5) at a base station device 114 communicatively coupled to a network connection via a physical connection (e. G., Wired or optical) As shown in FIG. In some embodiments, base station device 114 may be communicatively coupled to a network connection at a macrocell point or point. The macrocell may have a dedicated connection to the mobile network, and the base station device 114 may share the connection of the macrocell point. The base station device 114 may be mounted on the platform 102 or attached to the platform 102. In some embodiments, base station device 114 may be mounted on a pole or other high structure. In some embodiments, base station device 114 may be installed on or near the ground.

The base station device 114 may provide a connection for the mobile devices 120 and 122. Antennas 116 and 118 mounted on or near the launcher 108 or relays 110 and 112 on the backplane (or on a pole or other structure) 102, 104 and 106 receive signals from the base station device 114 And may transmit such signals to mobile devices 120 and 122 over a much wider area than if antennas 116 and 118 were located at or near base station device 114. [

It should be appreciated that, for the sake of simplicity, Figure 1 shows three equipments with one base station device. In other embodiments, the equalizer 102 may have more base station devices and more than one possible equalizer with a distributed antenna. In some embodiments, there may be a launcher and / or repeater without an antenna. The antenna may be communicatively coupled to the launcher and / or repeater in areas where microcell deployment is required, or may be spaced to prevent excessive overlap.

The launcher 108 may receive a signal directed to the mobile devices 120 and 122 from the base station device 114 and modulate the 60 GHz carrier to produce a subcarrier group for the 60 GHz carrier. The launcher 108 may then transmit the carrier to a repeater in the range, in this case the repeater 110. [ The repeater 110 may extract a signal directed toward the mobile device 120 from a carrier wave and emit a signal through the antenna 116 to the mobile device 120. [ The repeater 110 may then resend the carrier to the repeater 112 where the repeater 112 extracts the signal directed to the mobile device 122 and emits the signal through the antenna 118. [ The repeater 112 may then resend the carrier transmission to the next repeater. In addition, repeaters 110 and 112 may use a combination of a low noise amplifier and a power amplifier to amplify the transmission before retransmission.

In various embodiments, repeaters 110 and 112 and / or antennas 116 and 118 may be assigned to a channel corresponding to a predetermined bandwidth range of the carrier. The repeaters 110 and 112 can extract the assigned signal from the carrier, which corresponds to the channel and / or bandwidth corresponding to the repeater and / or the antenna. In this manner, the antennas 116 and 118 emit accurate signals for the microcell region. In another embodiment, the carrier may include a control channel that includes metadata indicating which subcarriers correspond to the antennas 116 and 118, so that the repeaters 110 and 112 may extract the appropriate signals.

As the 60 GHz carrier is hopped from one transmit antenna point to the next transmit antenna point, various subcarriers may be added or suspended depending on the traffic requirements of that point. The selection of a channel to be added or interrupted can be dynamically controlled as the traffic load is displaced.

When the mobile device 120 and / or 122 re-transmits the signal to the mobile network, the antenna 116 and / or 118 receives such a signal and the repeater 110 and / After the carrier wave is modulated (e.g., shifted to 60 GHz in the analog domain), the carrier wave is transmitted back to the launcher 108 and the signal from the mobile device 120 and / ).

Referring now to FIG. 2, a block diagram illustrating an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a distributed antenna system 200 according to various aspects described herein is shown. The system 200 may include one or more microcell base station devices (see more detail in Figures 3 and 5) at a base station 214 communicatively coupled to a network connection via a physical connection (e. G., Wired or optical) As shown in FIG. In some embodiments, base station 214 may be communicatively coupled to a network connection at a macrocell point or point. The macrocell may have a dedicated connection to the mobile network, and the base station 214 may share the network connection of the macrocell point. The base station 214 may be mounted on the louver 202 or attached to the louver 202. In some embodiments, base station 214 may be mounted on a pole or other high structure. In some embodiments, base station 214 may be installed on or near the ground.

Fig. 2 shows a different embodiment from that shown in Fig. In Fig. 2, unlike Fig. 1, the carrier waves transmitted through a transmission line (e.g., surface waves) or transmitted through an underground channel (e.g., a pipe) 206 may be implemented. In some embodiments, the transmission 220 may be transmitted over a wired or other traditional data connection.

1, where the launcher 208 may receive a signal directed at the mobile devices 216 and 218 from the base station 214 and modulate the 60 GHz carrier to provide 60 It is possible to calculate the subcarrier group for the GHz carrier. The launcher 208 may then send the carrier to a repeater in the range, in this case the repeater 222. [ The repeater 210 may extract a signal directed toward the mobile device 216 from the carrier wave and emit a signal through the antenna 222 to the mobile device 216. The repeater 210 may then retransmit the carrier wave as a surface wave through a physical connection or over a transmission line to the repeater 212 and the repeater 212 extracts the signal directed to the mobile device 218 and transmits it to the antenna 224 ). ≪ / RTI > The repeater 212 may then retransmit the carrier transmission to the next repeater. In addition, repeaters 210 and 212 may use a combination of a low noise amplifier and a power amplifier to amplify the transmission before retransmission.

Referring now to FIG. 3, a block diagram of an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a distributed antenna launcher system 300 in accordance with various aspects described herein is shown. Figure 3 shows the base station 104 and launcher 106 described in Figure 1 in greater detail. The base station 302 may include a router 304 and a microcell base station device 308 (or picocell, femtocell, or other small cell deployment). The base station 302 may receive an external network connection 306 that is connected to an existing infrastructure. The network connection 306 may be physical (e.g., fiber or cable) or wireless (e.g., high-bandwidth microwave connection). The existing infrastructure to which the network connection 306 may be connected may be a macrocell point in some embodiments. For such a macrocell point with a high data rate network connection, the base station 302 may share a network connection with the macrocell point.

The router 304 may provide a connection to the microcell base station device 308 that enables communication with the mobile device. 3 illustrates that the base station 302 has one microcell base station device, but in other embodiments, the base station 302 may include more than one microcell base station device. The RF output of the microcell base station device 308 may be used to modulate a 60 GHz signal to be coupled to the outdoor device (" ODU ") 310 via fiber. ODU 310 may be any of a variety of microwave antennas capable of receiving and transmitting microwave signals. In some embodiments, the ODU device may be a millimeter wave band antenna device as shown in FIG.

Referring now to FIG. 4, a block diagram illustrating an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a distributed antenna repeater system 400 in accordance with various aspects described herein is shown. The ODU 402 may receive millimeter wave transmissions sent from other ODUs in the repeater or launcher. The transmission may be a transport file having a plurality of subcarrier signals. The repeater 406 may receive the transmission and the analog taps and modulator 408 may extract the signal from the plurality of subcarrier signals and emit the signal to the mobile device via the antenna 410. The analog tap and modulator 408 may also amplify the transmission received by the ODU 402 and retransmit the carrier to another repeater or launcher via the ODU 404.

The antenna 410 may also receive communication protocol signals from the mobile device and the analog taps and modulators 408 may use the signals to modulate other carriers and the ODU 402 or 404 may transmit carrier signals To the base station device.

Referring now to FIG. 5, a block diagram illustrating an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a distributed antenna launcher system 500 according to various aspects described herein is shown. System 500 includes microcell base station devices 504, 506, and 508 that transmit signals to and receive signals from mobile devices in their respective cells. It should be appreciated that the system 500 is shown as having three microcell base station devices for purely exemplary reasons. In another embodiment, the base station point or cluster may comprise one or more microcell base station devices.

The outputs of microcell base station devices 504, 506 and 508 may be combined with millimeter wave carriers generated by local oscillator 514 in frequency mixers 522, 520 and 518, respectively. The frequency mixers 522, 520 and 518 may use a heterodyning technique to frequency shift the signals from the microcell base station devices 504, 506 and 508. This can be done in the analog domain, and consequently the frequency shift can be performed irrespective of the type of communication protocol used by the microcell base station devices 504, 506 and 508. Over time, as new communication technologies are developed, the microcell base station devices 504, 506, and 508 can be upgraded or replaced, and the frequency displacement and transmission device can be maintained, simplifying the upgrade.

The controller 510 may generate a control signal that accompanies a carrier wave and the GPS module 512 may synchronize the frequency for the control signal so that the correct frequency can be determined. In addition, the GPS module 512 may provide a time reference for a distributed antenna system.

The multiplexer / demultiplexer 524 may frequency-multiplex multiplex the signals from the frequency mixers 518, 520, and 522 in accordance with a control signal from the controller 510. Each signal may be assigned to a channel for a carrier and the control signal may provide information representative of the microcell signal corresponding to each channel.

ODU device 502 may also receive transmissions sent by the repeater and the carrier of the transmissions convey signals directed to the microcell base station devices 504, 506 and 508 from the mobile device. The multiplexer / demultiplexer 524 can separate the subcarrier signals from each other and direct them to the correct microcells based on the channel of the signal or based on the metadata of the control signal. The frequency mixers 518, 520, and 522 may then extract the signal from the carrier and direct the signal to the corresponding microcell.

Referring now to FIG. 6, a block diagram illustrating an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a distributed antenna repeater system 600 according to various aspects described herein is shown. The repeater system 600 includes ODUs 602 and 604 that receive and transmit transmissions from the launcher and other repeaters.

In various embodiments, the ODU 602 may receive transmissions having a plurality of subcarriers from the launcher. The diplexer 606 can isolate the transmission that the ODU 602 is transmitting from other transmissions and direct the transmission to a low noise amplifier (" LNA ") 608. [ With the aid of the local oscillator 612, the frequency mixer 628 can down-shift the transmission (above about 60 GHz) to the cellular band (up to 1.9 GHz). The extractor 632 may extract a signal for the sub-carrier corresponding to the antenna 622 and direct the signal to the antenna 622. [ In the case of signals that are not being emitted at this antenna location, the extractor 632 may redirect them to another frequency mixer 636 and signals are used to modulate the carrier wave generated by the local oscillator 614. The carrier is directed to a power amplifier ("PA") 616 along with the subcarriers and retransmitted by the ODU 604 to the other repeater via the diplexer 620.

At antenna 622, PA 624 may step up the signal for transmission to the mobile device. The LNA 626 may be used to amplify the weak signal received from the mobile device and then transmit the signal to a multiplexer 634 that merges the signal with the received signal from the ODU 604. [ The signal received from the ODU 604 is split by the diplexer 620 and then through the LNA 618 and the frequency is down-shifted by the frequency mixer 638. [ When signals are combined by the multiplexer 634, the signals are up-shifted in frequency by the frequency mixer 630 and then boosted by the PA 610 and transmitted back to the launcher or other repeater by the ODU 602 do.

Referring now to FIG. 7, a block diagram illustrating an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a millimeter waveband antenna device 700 in accordance with various aspects described herein is shown. The wireless repeater 704 may have a plastic cover 702 to protect the wireless antenna 706. The wireless repeater 704 may be mounted on a pole, a spine, or other structure 708 having a mounting arm 710. The wireless repeater can also receive power through wire 712 and output signals to adjacent microcells using fiber or cable 714. [

In some embodiments, the wireless repeater 704 may include 16 antennas. These antennas may be arranged radially, and each may have an azimuth beam width of about 24 degrees. Thus, there may be a small overlap between each antenna beam width. The wireless repeater 704 can automatically select the best sector antenna to use for connection based on signal measurements such as signal strength, signal-to-noise ratio, etc., when receiving transmissions or transmissions. Because the wireless repeater 704 can automatically select the antenna to use, precise antenna alignment is not implemented in one embodiment, and there is no stringent requirement for mounting structure twist rate, tilt, and vibration.

In some embodiments, the wireless repeater 704 may include devices such as a repeater system 600 or 400 within the device, thereby enabling communication with the mobile device, as well as allowing the stand alone device to communicate with a repeater .

Figure 8 illustrates a method associated with the system described above. The method of FIG. 8 may be implemented, for example, by the systems 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, and 700 shown in FIGS. 1-7, respectively. Although the method is shown and described as a series of blocks for purposes of simplicity of explanation, some blocks may be performed in different orders and / or concurrently with other blocks than those shown and described herein, It is to be understood and appreciated that the invention is not limited by the order. Moreover, not all illustrated blocks may be necessary to implement the method described herein.

8 shows a flow diagram of an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a method for providing a distributed antenna system as described herein. The method 800 may include a step 802 in which a defined radio frequency transmission is received from a remote antenna. The defined first frequency transmission may be greater than 60 GHz. Transmissions may be received by an outdoor microwave transceiver (e.g., ODU 602 or wireless repeater 704). At step 804, a signal is determined (e.g., based on the control channel) that is determined to be associated with the remote antenna from a plurality of signals in the transmission, and the plurality of signals are transmitted to the plurality of channels along with the defined radio frequency transmission . The plurality of channels may be frequency division multiplexed together in some embodiments. The channel occupied by the signal may determine a remote antenna to which the signal is directed and in step 806 a frequency mixer (e.g., 628) and a multiplexer / demultiplexer (e.g., 632) Can be extracted to re-displace the signal at the original 1.9 GHz frequency. At step 808, the signal may be transmitted (e.g., by antenna 622) to the mobile device to which the signal is directed. At 810, the defined frequency transmissions may be retransmitted towards other remote antennas and / or repeaters in the chain.

Referring now to FIG. 9, a block diagram of a computing environment in accordance with various aspects described herein is shown. For example, in some embodiments, a computer may be included or included in a distributed antenna system as disclosed in any previous system 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, and / or 700.

To provide a further background to the various embodiments described herein, FIG. 9 and the following discussion provide a brief general description of a suitable computing environment 900 in which the various embodiments of the embodiments described herein may be implemented . Although embodiments have been described above as a general background of computer-executable instructions that may be executed on one or more computers, those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments may be implemented in combination with other program modules and / or in combination of hardware and software .

Generally, program modules include routines, programs, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that the methods of the present invention may be practiced with other computer systems, including single processor or multiprocessor computer systems, minicomputers, mainframe computers, as well as personal computers, portable computing devices, microprocessor- Configuration, each of which may be operably coupled to one or more associated devices.

As used in the claims, the terms "first", "second", "third", and the like are for clarity only, Do not. For example, "first decision", "second decision", and "third decision" do not indicate or imply that the first decision is made before the second decision, and vice versa.

Furthermore, the embodiments shown in the embodiments of the present application can be executed in a distributed computing environment in which a specific operation is performed by a remote processing apparatus connected through a communication network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote memory storage devices.

A computing device typically includes a variety of media, which may include a computer-readable storage medium and / or a communication medium, wherein the two terms are used differently as follows. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available storage medium that can be accessed by a computer and includes both volatile and non-volatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example and not limitation, computer readable storage media can be embodied in connection with any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, program modules, structured data, or unstructured data.

The computer-readable storage medium may be a random access memory (RAM), a read only memory (ROM), an electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), a flash memory or other memory technology, a compact disk read only memory (CD ROM) But are not limited to, general purpose digital versatile disks (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or other types of tangible and / Media, but are not limited thereto. In this regard, the term " type " or " non-transient " as applied to a storage device, memory or computer readable medium excludes only the propagating transient signal itself as a modifier, But is not to be construed as conferring any rights with respect to any standard storage, memory or computer readable medium.

The computer-readable storage medium may be accessed by one or more local or remote computing devices, for example via an access request, query or other data retrieval protocol, for various operations associated with information stored by the medium.

Communication media typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other structured or unstructured data in a modulated data signal, e.g., a data signal, such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, Or transmission medium. The term " modulated data signal " or signal refers to a signal having one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in one or more signals. By way of example and not limitation, communication media includes wired media such as a wired network or direct connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media.

9, an exemplary environment 900 for implementing various embodiments of the aspects described herein is a computer 902 that includes a processing unit 904, a system memory 906, and a system bus 908, ). The system bus 908 couples system components including, but not limited to, the system memory 906 to the processing unit 904. The processing unit 904 may be any of a variety of commercially available processors. In addition, dual microprocessors and other multiprocessor architectures may be used as the processing unit 904.

The system bus 908 may use any of a variety of commercially available bus architectures to provide any number of interconnects that may further interconnect to a memory bus (with or without a memory controller), a peripheral bus, Type bus structure. The system memory 906 includes a ROM 910 and a RAM 912. The basic input / output system (BIOS) may be stored in nonvolatile memory such as ROM, erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM), EEPROM, and the BIOS may store information Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > routines. ≪ / RTI > The RAM 912 may also include a high-speed RAM, such as static RAM, for caching data.

The computer 902 may include an internal hard disk drive (HDD) 914 (e.g., EIDE, SATA) that may be configured for external use with a suitable chassis (not shown); A magnetic floppy disk drive (FDD) 916 (e.g., for reading from or writing to a removable disk 918); And an optical disk drive 920 (e.g., for reading from or writing to a CD-ROM disk 922 from another high capacity optical medium such as a read or DVD). The hard disk drive 914, magnetic disk drive 916 and optical disk drive 920 are connected to the system bus 908 by a hard disk drive interface 924, a magnetic disk drive interface 926 and an optical drive interface 928. [ Respectively. The interface 924 for external drive implementation includes at least one or both of Universal Serial Bus (USB) and American Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 994 interface technologies. Other external drive coupling techniques are within the considerations of the embodiments described herein.

The drives and their associated computer-readable storage media provide non-volatile storage of data, data structures, computer-executable instructions, and the like. In the case of computer 902, the drive and the storage medium accept storage of any data in a suitable digital format. Although the above description of a computer-readable storage medium refers to a hard disk drive (HDD), a removable magnetic disk, and a removable optical medium such as a CD or DVD, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the computer, such as a home drive, magnetic cassette, flash memory card, cartridge, It should be appreciated that other types of storage medium readable by the computer system may be used in the exemplary operating environment and that any such storage medium may comprise computer executable instructions for performing the methods described herein.

A number of program modules, including an operating system 930, one or more application programs 932, other program modules 934, and program data 936, may be stored in the drives and RAM 912. In addition, all or a portion of the operating system, applications, modules and / or data may be cached in the RAM 912. The systems and methods described herein may be implemented using a variety of commercially available operating systems or combinations of operating systems.

A user may enter commands and information into the computer 902 via one or more wired / wireless input devices, e.g., a pointing device, such as a keyboard 938 and a mouse 940. Other input devices (not shown) may include a microphone, an infrared (IR) remote control, a joystick, a game pad, a stylus pen, a touch screen, and the like. These input devices and other input devices are often connected to the processing unit 904 via an input device interface 942 that may be coupled to the system bus 908, but may be a parallel port, an IEEE 1394 serial port, a game port, a universal serial bus (USB) port, an IR interface, and the like.

A monitor 944 or other type of display device may also be coupled to the system bus 908 via an interface, such as a video adapter 946. [ In addition to the monitor 944, the computer typically includes other peripheral output devices (not shown) such as speakers, printers, and the like.

Computer 902 may be operated in a networking environment using logical connections via wired and / or wireless communication to one or more remote computers, such as remote computer (s) 948. [ The remote computer (s) 948 may be a workstation, a server computer, a router, a personal computer, a portable computer, a microprocessor-based entertainment device, a peer device or other common network node, But only for the sake of brevity, only memory / storage device 950 is shown. The depicted logical connections include wired / wireless connections to a larger network, such as a local area network (LAN) 952 and / or a wide area network (WAN) 954. These LAN and WAN networking environments are commonplace in offices and corporations and enable enterprise-wide computer networks, such as intranets, that can be connected to global communication networks, such as the Internet.

When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer 902 may be connected to the local area network 952 via a wired and / or wireless communication network interface or adapter 956. The adapter 956 may enable wired or wireless communication to the LAN 952, which may also include a wireless AP disposed thereon for communicating with the wireless adapter 956. [

When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer 902 may include a modem 958, may be connected to the communication server via a WAN 954, or may be connected to the communication server via, for example, the Internet, And other means for establishing communication. A modem 958, which may be internal or external, and may be a wired or wireless device, may be coupled to the system bus 908 via an input device interface 942. In a networking environment, program modules depicted relative to the computer 902, or portions thereof, may be stored in the remote memory / storage device 950. It will be appreciated that the network connections shown are exemplary and other means of establishing a communication connection between the computers may be used.

The computer 902 may be any wireless device or entity that is operably disposed in wireless communication, such as a printer, a scanner, a desktop and / or portable computer, a portable data terminal, a communication satellite, Or any portion of the facility (e.g., a kiosk, a newsstand, a toilet). This may include Wi-Fi and BLUETOOTH® wireless technology. Thus, the communication may be a predefined structure, such as in a conventional network, or simply an ad hoc communication between at least two devices.

Wi-Fi can be connected to the Internet wirelessly from a sofa at home, a bed in a hotel room, or a meeting room at work. Wi-Fi is a wireless technology similar to that used in cell phones, allowing for such devices, such as computers, to transmit and receive data both indoors and outdoors, anywhere within the range of a base station. Wi-Fi networks use wireless technology, referred to as IEEE 802.11 (a, b, g, n, ac, etc.) to provide secure, reliable, and fast wireless connectivity. A Wi-Fi network can be used to connect computers together, connect to the Internet, and connect to a wired network (IEEE 802.3 or Ethernet can be used). A Wi-Fi network, for example, can operate at unlicensed 2.4 and 5 GHz radio bands, at 11 Mbps (802.11a) or 54 Mbps (802.11b) data rates, or as products containing two bands To provide real-world performance similar to the native 10BaseT wired Ethernet network used in many office networks.

10 illustrates an exemplary embodiment 1000 of a mobile network platform 1010 that may implement and utilize one or more aspects of the disclosed subject matter described herein. In general, the wireless network platform 1010 is configured to receive and transmit packet switched (PS) (e.g., Internet Protocol (IP), Frame Relay, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Such as nodes, gateways, interfaces, servers, or disparate platforms, that enable both creation of data and control, as well as enabling control generation for networked wireless communications. As a non-limiting example, the wireless network platform 1010 may be included in a carrier network and may be considered a provider-side component as discussed elsewhere herein. The mobile network platform 1010 may be a legacy system such as a legacy system such as a telephony network (s) 1040 (e.g., a public switched telephone network (PSTN) or a public land mobile network (PLMN)) or a signaling system # (S) 1012 capable of interfacing CS traffic received from the network. The circuit-switched gateway node (s) 1012 may authorize and authenticate traffic (e.g., voice) originating from these networks. In addition, the CS gateway node (s) 1012 can access mobility or roaming data generated over the SS7 network 1070, for example, a visited location register (VLR) To access the stored mobility data. In addition, CS gateway node (s) 1012 interfaces CS based traffic and signaling, and PS gateway node (s) 1018. As an example, in the 3GPP UMTS network, the CS gateway node (s) 1012 may be implemented, at least in part, with the gateway GPRS support node (s) (GGSN). The functions and specific operations of the CS gateway node (s) 1012, PS gateway node (s) 1018 and serving node (s) 1016 may be performed by a wireless technology (e.g., Quot;) < / RTI >

In addition to receiving and processing CS-switched traffic and signaling, PS gateway node (s) 1018 may authorize and authenticate a PS-based data session with the serving mobile device. A data session may be initiated by a wireless network platform (s) 1070, such as a service network (s) 1080 and a corporate network (s) 1070, which may be implemented in a wide area network (WAN) 1050, a local area network 1010), and may also be interfaced with the mobile network platform 1010 via the PS gateway node (s) It should be noted that WANs 1050 and enterprise network (s) 1060 may at least partially implement a service network (s) such as an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). Based on the available radio technology layer (s) of the technology resource (s) 1017, the packet-switching gateway node (s) 1018 may create a packet data protocol context if a data session is established; Other data structures may also be generated that allow routing of the packetized data. To do this, in one aspect, PS gateway node (s) 1018 may include a tunnel interface (e.g., a 3GPP UMTS network (s)) that may enable packetized communications with heterogeneous wireless network (s) (TTG) (not shown) of the base station (s)).

The wireless network platform 1010 is also configured to transmit various packets received via the PS gateway node (s) 1018 based on the available wireless technology layer (s) in the description resource (s) (S) 1016 for delivering the data stream of the flow. It should be noted that, in the case of technical resource (s) 1017 that is primarily dependent on CS communication, the serving node (s) can carry traffic without relying on PS gateway node (s) 1018; For example, the serving node (s) may at least partially implement a mobile switching center. As an example, in a 3GPP UMTS network, the serving node (s) 1016 may be implemented as a Serving GPRS Support Node (s) (SGSN).

In the case of wireless technology using packetized communications, the server (s) 1014 of the wireless network platform 1010 may generate a plurality of heterogeneous packetized data streams or flows to manage (e.g., schedule, Queuing, formatting, etc.). Such application (s) may include add-on features for standard services (e.g., provisioning, billing, customer support, etc.) provided by wireless network platform 1010. A data stream (e.g., a piece of content that is part of a voice call or data session) may be communicated to the PS gateway node (s) 1018 for authorization / authentication and initiation of the data session, Quot;) < / RTI > In addition to the application server, the server (s) 1014 may include a utility server (s), which may implement a provisioning server, an operation and maintenance server, at least in part, a certificate authority and a firewall, A security server capable of implementing a security mechanism, and the like. In one aspect, the security server (s) are responsible for ensuring the operation and data integrity of the network, as well as the authorization and authentication procedures that the CS gateway node (s) 1012 and the PS gateway node (s) Thereby protecting the communication served through the wireless network platform 1010. (S), such as a WAN 1050 or a Global Positioning System (GPS) network (s) (not shown), that is operated by a disparate service provider Can be provisioned. The provisioning server (s) may also be used by the UE 1075 to offload RAN resources to improve the subscriber service experience within the home or business environment and to enable the femto-cell network (s) (E.g., deployed and operated by the same service provider), such as a wireless network platform 1010 (not shown).

It should be noted that the server (s) 1014 may include one or more processors configured to at least partially provide the functionality of the macro network platform 1010. To this end, one or more processors may execute code instructions stored in memory 1030, for example. It should be appreciated that the server (s) 1014 may include a content manager 1015 that operates in substantially the same manner as described above.

In an exemplary embodiment (1000), the memory (1030) may store information related to the operation of the wireless network platform (1010). Other operational information may include subscriber database, provisioning information of mobile devices served through the wireless platform network 1010; Pricing methods such as promotional rates, flat rate programs, coupon delivery campaigns, application intelligence; The technical specification (s) in accordance with the communication protocol for operation of the heterogeneous wireless communication device or radio technology layer; And the like. The memory 1030 may also store information from at least one of the telephony network (s) 1040, the WAN 1050, the enterprise network (s) 1070, or the SS7 network 1060. In an aspect, memory 1030 may be accessed, for example, as part of a data storage component or as a remotely connected memory store.

To provide a background for various aspects of the disclosed subject matter, FIG. 10 and the following description are intended to provide a brief, general description of a suitable environment in which the various aspects of the disclosed subject matter may be implemented. Although the subject matter has been described above in the general context of computer-executable instructions of a computer program running on a computer and / or computer, those skilled in the art will recognize that the disclosed subject matter may be implemented in combination with other program modules. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks and / or implement particular abstract data types.

Referring now to FIG. 11A, a block diagram illustrating an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a communication system 1100 in accordance with various aspects of the disclosure is shown. Communication system 1100 may include a macro base station 1102, such as a base station or access point, having an antenna that covers one or more sectors (e.g., six or more sectors). The macro base station 1102 may be a communication node 1104A serving as a master or distribution node for other communication nodes 1104B through 1104E distributed within or beyond the coverage area of the macro base station 1102 at different geographic locations As shown in FIG. Communication nodes 1104 may be mobile devices (e.g., cellular phones) and / or fixed / stationary devices (e.g., residential or commercial facilities) that are wirelessly coupled to any of the communication nodes 1104 Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > communication < / RTI > device). In particular, the radio resources of the macro base station 1102 may be redirected to enable and / or utilize the radio resources of the communication node 1104 in specific mobile and / or stationary devices in the communication range of mobile or stationary devices, ≪ / RTI >

Communication nodes 1104A through 1104E may be communicatively coupled to each other via interface 1110. [ In one embodiment, the interface 1110 may comprise a wired or tethered interface (e.g., a fiber optic cable). In other embodiments, the interface 1110 may comprise a wireless RF interface forming a wireless distributed antenna system. In various embodiments, communication nodes 1104A through 1104E may be configured to provide communication services to mobile and stationary devices in accordance with instructions provided by macro base station 1102. [ However, in other examples of operation, communication nodes 1104A-1104E only operate as analogue repeaters that spread the coverage of macro base station 1102 over the entire range of individual communication nodes 1104A-1104E.

The micro base stations (shown as communication nodes 1104) may differ from the macro base station in several ways. For example, the communication range of the micro base stations may be smaller than the communication range of the macro base station. Thus, the power consumed by the micro base stations may be less than the power consumed by the macro base station. The macro base station may optionally determine which carrier frequency, spectral segment (s), and / or such spectral segments (s) (s) are to be communicated when communicating with certain mobile or stationary devices and with which mobile and / To be used by the micro base stations. In such cases, control of the micro base stations by the macro base station may be performed in a master-slave configuration or other suitable control configurations. The resources of the micro base stations may be simpler and less costly than the resources utilized by the macro base station 1102, whether they operate independently or under the control of the macro base station 1102. [

Referring now to FIG. 11B, a block diagram illustrating an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of communication nodes 1104B-1104E of communication system 1100 of FIG. 11A is shown. In this example, the communication nodes 1104B through 1104E are located on a public fixture, such as a streetlight. In other embodiments, some of the communication nodes 1104B through 1104E may be located on a pole or pole that is used to distribute buildings, or transmission lines and / or communication lines. In these examples, communication nodes 1104B through 1104E may be configured to communicate with each other via interface 1110, which is shown as an air interface in this example. Communication nodes 1104B through 1104E may communicate with one or more communication protocols (e.g., fourth generation (4G) wireless signals such as LTE signals or other 4G signals, fifth generation (5G) wireless signals, WiMAX, May be configured to communicate with mobile or stationary devices 1106A through 1106C via a wireless interface 1111 that is compliant with wireless communication protocols (e.g., 802.11 signals, UWB signals, etc.). Communications nodes 1104 may be higher than the operating frequency (e.g., 1.9 GHz) used to communicate with mobile or stationary devices via interface 1111 (e.g., 28 GHz, 38 GHz, 60 GHz, (E.g., 80 GHz or higher) at the operating frequency. (E.g., 900 MHz band, 1.9 GHz band, 2.4 GHz band, and / or 5.8 GHz band), as will be exemplified by the spectrum downlink and uplink figures of FIG. Etc.) and / or a higher carrier frequency and a wider bandwidth enabling communication nodes 1104 to provide communication services to multiple mobile or stationary devices via one or more different protocols are provided between communication nodes 1104 Lt; / RTI > In other embodiments, a broadband spectrum (e.g., in the range of 2 to 6 GHz, 4 to 10 GHz, etc.) of a lower frequency range (e.g., 2 to 6 GHz, etc.) Can be used.

Referring now to FIGS. 11C and 11D, block diagrams illustrating exemplary non-limiting embodiments of communication node 1104 of communication system 1100 of FIG. 11A are shown. The communication node 1104 may be attached to a support structure 1118 of a public fixture, such as a pole or a pole, as shown in Fig. 11C. The communication node 1104 may be attached to the support structure 1118 with an arm 1120 made of plastic or other suitable material attached to the end of the communication node 1104. [ The communication node 1104 may further include a plastic housing assembly 1116 that covers components of the communication node 1104. Communications node 1104 may be powered by transmission line 1121 (e.g., 110/220 VAC). The transmission line 1121 may originate from a backplane or may be coupled to a transmission line of a telephone pole.

In one embodiment, in which communication nodes 1104 communicate wirelessly with other communication nodes 1104 as shown in FIG. 11B, an upper portion 1112 of communication node 1104 (also shown in FIG. 11D) For example, a plurality of antennas 1122 (e.g., 16 dielectric antennas without metal planes) coupled to one or more transceivers, such as the transceiver 1100 shown in Figure 11, wholly or partially, . ≪ / RTI > Each of the plurality of antennas 1122 of the upper portion 1112 may operate as a sector of the communication node 1104 and each sector is configured to communicate with at least one communication node 1104 in the communication range of the sector . Alternatively, or in combination, the interface 1110 between the communication nodes 1104 may be a tethered interface (e.g., a fiber optic cable, or a transmission line used to transmit the induced electromagnetic waves, as described above). In other embodiments, the interface 1110 may be different between the communication nodes 1104. That is, some of the communication nodes 1104 may communicate via the air interface, while other communication nodes 1104 communicate via the tethered interface. In still other embodiments, some of the communication nodes 1104 may utilize a combined wireless and tethered interface.

The lower portion 1114 of the communication node 1104 includes a plurality of antennas 1124 for wirelessly communicating with one or more mobile or stationary devices 1106 at an appropriate carrier frequency to mobile or stationary devices 1106 You may. As noted above, the carrier frequency used by communication node 1104 to communicate with mobile or stationary devices via wireless interface 1111, shown in FIG. 11B, is communicated via communication interface 1110 to communication nodes 1104 May be different from the carrier frequency used to communicate between the base station and the base station. The plurality of antennas 1124 of the lower portion 1114 of the communication node 1104 may utilize a transceiver such as the transceiver 1100 shown in Figure 11, for example, wholly or in part.

Referring now to FIG. 12A, a block diagram illustrating an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of downlink and uplink communication techniques that enables the base station to communicate with the communication nodes 1104 of FIG. 11A is shown. 12A, downlink signals (i.e., signals directed from the macro base station 1102 to the communication nodes 1104) are transmitted to the control channels 1202, one or more mobile or stationary devices 1206, Downlink spectrum segments 1206 each including modulated signals that can be frequency translated into the original / natural frequency band of the modulated signals to enable communication nodes 1104 to communicate, May be spectrally partitioned into pilot signals 1204 that may be supplied with some or all of the spectral segments 1206 to mitigate distortion generated between the spectral segments 1104. The pilot signals 1204 may be processed by the upper portion 1116 (tethered or wireless) transceivers of the downstream communication nodes 1104 to remove distortion (e.g., phase distortion) . Each downlink spectrum segment 1206 is sufficiently wide to include one or more downlink modulated signals located in the frequency channel (or frequency slots) of the corresponding pilot signal 1204 and spectral segment 1206 For example, a 50 MHz bandwidth 1205 may be allocated. The modulated signals may be transmitted over cellular channels, WLAN channels, or other modulated communication signals (e.g., 10-104) that may be used by communication nodes 1104 to communicate with one or more mobile or stationary devices 1106. [ 20 MHz).

The uplink modulated signals generated by the mobile or stationary communication devices in the intrinsic / original frequency bands of the uplink modulated signals are frequency converted and thereby frequency channels (or frequency slots) of the uplink spectrum segment 1210 ). ≪ / RTI > The uplink modulated signals may represent cellular channels, WLAN channels or other modulated communication signals. Each uplink spectral segment 1210 may include a portion or each of the spectral segments 1102 and / or 1104 to enable the upstream communication nodes 1104 and / or the macro base station 1102 to remove distortion (e.g., phase error) A similar or the same bandwidth 1205 may be allocated to include a pilot signal 1208, which may include a pilot signal 1210.

In the depicted embodiment, the downlink and uplink spectrum segments 1206 and 1210 may comprise any number of unique / original frequency bands (e.g., 900 MHz band, 1.9 GHz band, 2.4 GHz band, and / (Or frequency slots) that can be occupied by modulated signals that have been frequency transformed from the frequency bands (e.g. The modulated signals may be upconverted to adjacent frequency channels of the downlink and uplink spectral segments 1206 and 1210. In this way, some adjacent frequency channels of the downlink spectrum segment 1206 may inherently contain the same intrinsic / original frequency band modulated signals, while other adjacent frequency channels of the downlink spectrum segment 1206 may be originally different May be modulated to be frequency-translated to be located in adjacent frequency channels of the downlink spectrum segment 1206, although in their native / original frequency bands. For example, the first modulated signal in the 1.9 GHz band and the second modulated signal in the same frequency band (i.e., 1.9 GHz) are frequency transformed and thereby placed in adjacent frequency channels of the downlink spectrum segment 1206 . In another example, a first modulated signal in the 1.9 GHz band and a second communication signal in a different frequency band (i.e., 2.4 GHz) may be frequency converted and thereby located in adjacent frequency channels of the downlink spectrum segment 1206 have. Thus, the frequency channels of the downlink spectrum segment 1206 may be occupied by the same or different signaling protocols and any combination of modulated signals of the same or different unique / original frequency bands.

Similarly, adjacent frequency channels of the uplink spectrum segment 1210 may be originally different from the original / original frequency bands 1210, although some adjacent frequency channels of the uplink spectrum segment 1210 may inherently include modulated signals of the same frequency band. But may be modulated to be frequency shifted to be located in adjacent frequency channels of uplink segment 1210. [ For example, the first communication signal in the 2.4 GHz band and the second communication signal in the same frequency band (i.e., 2.4 GHz) may be frequency translated and thereby located in adjacent frequency channels of the uplink spectrum segment 1210 . In another example, the first communication signal in the 1.9 GHz band and the second communication signal in the different frequency band (i.e., 2.4 GHz) may be frequency converted and thereby located in adjacent frequency channels of the uplink spectrum segment 1210 . Thus, the frequency channels of uplink spectrum segment 1210 may be occupied by the same or different signaling protocols and any combination of modulated signals of the same or different unique / original frequency bands. The fact that the downlink spectrum segment 1206 and the uplink spectrum segment 1210 themselves can be separated by a guard frequency band or separated by a larger frequency band spacing, depending on the spectral allocation of the position, It should be noted.

Referring now to FIG. 12B, there is shown a block diagram 1220 illustrating an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a communication node. In particular, a communication node device, such as a communication node 1104A of a wireless distributed antenna system, includes a base station interface 1222, a duplexer / diplexer assembly 1224, and two transceivers 1230 and 1232. [ However, when communication node 1104A is assigned with a base station, such as macro base station 1102, duplexer / diplexer assembly 1224 and transceiver 1230 may be omitted and transceiver 1232 may be coupled to base station interface 1222 ). ≪ / RTI >

In various embodiments, base station interface 1222 receives a first modulated signal having one or more downlink channels of a first spectral segment for transmission to a client device, such as one or more mobile communication devices. The first spectral segment represents the original / natural frequency band of the first modulated signal. The first modulated signal may be one or more downlink communications in accordance with a signaling protocol such as LTE or other 4G wireless protocol, 5G wireless communication protocol, UWB protocol, WiMAX protocol, 802.11 or other wireless local area network protocol, and / Channels. The duplexer / diplexer assembly 1224 couples the first modulated signal of the first spectral segment to the transceiver 1230 for direct communication with one or more mobile communication devices in the range of the communication node 1104A as a free- Lt; / RTI > In various embodiments, the transceiver 1230 may be configured to filter, amplify, and transmit the downlink channels of the modulated signals in their original / natural frequency bands and the spectrum of the uplink channels, while attenuating the out- Is implemented through analog circuitry that provides transmit / receive switching, duplexing, diplexing, and impedance matching to drive one or more antennas that transmit and receive wireless signals of interface 1110.

In other embodiments, the transceiver 1232 may, in various embodiments, provide a first modulation of the first spectral segment based on the analog signal processing of the first modulated signal without changing the signaling protocol of the first modulated signal To a first modulated signal at a first carrier frequency of the first carrier frequency. The first modulated signal of the first carrier frequency may occupy one or more frequency channels of the downlink spectrum segment 1206. The first carrier frequency may be in millimeter wave or microwave frequency band. The analog signal processing as used herein includes, but is not limited to, filtering, switching, duplexing, diplexing, amplification, frequency up and down conversion, and, for example, analog to digital conversion, digital to analog conversion, And other analog processing that does not require digital signal processing. In other embodiments, the transceiver 1232 may apply digital signal processing to the first modulated signal without altering the signaling protocol of the first modulated signal without utilizing any form of analog signal processing, To a first carrier frequency of the first modulated signal of the first modulated signal. In yet other embodiments, transceiver 1232 may apply a combination of digital signal processing and analog processing to the first modulated signal without altering the signaling protocol of the first modulated signal, such that the first modulated signal < RTI ID = 0.0 > And to perform frequency conversion to the first carrier frequency of the signal.

Once the transceiver 1232 has been frequency transformed by the network element into a first spectral segment, for transceiver of the first modulated signal to one or more other mobile communication devices, the transceiver 1232, along with the first modulated signal of the first carrier frequency, One or more corresponding reference signals such as one or more control channels, pilot signals, or other reference signals, and / or one or more clock signals to one or more downstream communication nodes 1104B through 1104E, May be further configured to transmit to the network element. In particular, the reference signal enables the network element to reduce the phase error (and / or other types of signal distortion) during the processing of the first modulated signal from the first carrier frequency to the first spectral segment. The control channel may direct the communication node of the decentralized antenna system to convert the first modulated signal of the first carrier frequency to a first modulated signal of the first spectral segment to provide frequency selections and reuse patterns, handoffs, and / Or other control signaling. In embodiments where the instructions to be transmitted and received via the control channel are digital signals, the transceiver 1232 provides analog-to-digital conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, and processing digital data transmitted and / Digital signal processing components. The clock signals supplied with the downlink spectrum segment 1206 may be used by the downstream communication nodes 1104B through 1104E to synchronize the timing of digital control channel processing to recover instructions from the control channel and / .

In various embodiments, transceiver 1232 may receive a second modulated signal at a second carrier frequency from a network element, such as communication node 1104B through 1104E. The second modulated signal may be modulated by one or more modulated signals conforming to a signaling protocol such as LTE or other 4G wireless protocol, 5G wireless communication protocol, ultra wideband protocol, 802.11 or other wireless local area network protocol, and / And may include one or more uplink frequency channels to be occupied. In particular, a mobile or stationary communication device generates a second modulated signal of a second spectral segment, such as an original / natural frequency band and a network element frequency, and a second modulated signal of a second spectral segment, Modulated signal and transmits a second modulated signal at a second carrier frequency received by communication node 1104A. The transceiver 1232 is operative to convert the second modulated signal of the second carrier frequency to a second modulated signal of the second spectral segment and to transmit the second modulated signal of the second spectral segment to the duplexer / diplexer assembly 1224 And a base station interface 1222 to a base station such as the macro base station 1102 for processing.

Consider the following example where communication node 1104A is implemented as a distributed antenna system. The uplink frequency channels of the uplink spectrum segment 1210 and the downlink frequency channels of the downlink spectrum segment 1206 may be transmitted using a 4G (Radio Frequency Identification) protocol such as the DOCSIS 2.0 or higher standard protocol, the WiMAX standard protocol, the UWB protocol, the 802.11 standard protocol, Or 5G voice and data protocol, and / or signals that are otherwise modulated and formatted according to other standard communication protocols. In addition to protocols conforming to current standards, any of these protocols may be modified to work with the system of FIG. 11A. For example, an 802.11 protocol or other protocol may be used to communicate with network elements that are communicating (e.g., through network elements or downlink spectrum segment 1206 or a particular frequency channel of uplink spectrum segment 1210) Or additional data channels to provide collision detection / multiple access over a wider area (which allows the combined communication devices to hear one another). In various embodiments, both the uplink frequency channels of the uplink spectrum segment 1210 and the downlink frequency channel of the downlink spectrum segment 1206 can all be formatted according to the same communication protocol. However, alternatively, two or more different protocols may be used on both the uplink spectrum segment 1210 and the downlink spectrum segment 1206, for example, to be compatible with the wider client devices and / or to operate on different frequency bands. Can be used.

When two or more different protocols are used, a first subset of downlink frequency channels of downlink spectrum segment 1206 may be modulated according to a first standard protocol and the downlink frequency segments of downlink frequency channels 1206 of downlink spectrum segment 1206 The second subset may be modulated according to a second standard protocol different from the first standard protocol. Similarly, a first subset of the uplink frequency channels of the uplink spectrum segment 1210 may be received by the system for demodulation according to the first standard protocol and may be received by the system of uplink spectrum segments 1210 2 subset may be received according to a second standard protocol for demodulation according to a second standard protocol different from the first standard protocol.

According to these examples, the base station interface 1222 receives modulated signals such as one or more downlink channels of the original / unique frequency bands of one or more downlink channels from a base station or other communication network element, such as the macro base station 1102 . Similarly, base station interface 1222 is configured to provide modulated signals received from other network elements that are frequency translated to modulated signals having one or more uplink channels of the original / natural frequency bands of one or more uplink channels to a base station . Base station interface 1222 may be configured to communicate communications signals, communication control signals, and other network signaling, such as uplink and downlink channels of the original / natural frequency bands of the uplink and downlink channels, Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > and / or < / RTI > The duplexer / diplexer assembly 1224 is coupled to the transceiver 1232, which frequency converts the frequency of the downlink channels from the original / natural frequency bands of the downlink channels to the frequency spectrum of the interface 1110, The wireless communication link is configured to transmit communication signals downstream from one or more of the other communication nodes 1104B-1104E of the distributed antenna system in the range of the communication device 1104A, It is used for transmission.

In various embodiments, the transceiver 1232 is operable to receive the downlink channel signals 1206 through mixing or other heterodyne operation to produce frequency converted downlink channel signals occupying the downlink frequency channels of the downlink spectrum segment 1206 And an analog radio device for frequency conversion of the downlink channel signals of the original / natural frequency bands. In this example, the downlink spectrum segment 1206 is within the downlink frequency band of the interface 1110. In one embodiment, the downlink channel signals are transmitted from the original / natural frequency bands of the downlink channel signals for wireless communication within the visible distance to one or more other communication nodes 1104B through 1104E, , 38 ㎓, 60 ㎓, 70 ㎓ or 80 ㎓. However, it is noted that other frequency bands (e.g., 3 GHz to 5 GHz) for downlink spectrum segment 1206 may be used as well. For example, the transceiver 1232 may determine that one or more of the original / intrinsic spectral bands of one or more downlink channel signals in those instances where the frequency band of the interface 1110 is less than the original / intrinsic spectral bands of one or more downlink channel signals And downconvert the downlink channel signals.

The transceiver 1232 may include a plurality of individual antennas, such as the antennas 1122 provided with FIG. 11d to communicate with the communication nodes 1104B, a phased antenna array or a steerable beam or a plurality of devices Beam antenna system to communicate with a multi-beam antenna system. The duplexer / diplexer assembly 1224 may include a duplexer, a triplexer, a diplexer, a diplexer, a diplexer, a diplexer, a multiplexer, a multiplexer, a multiplexer, Splitter, switch, router and / or other assembly.

In addition to downstream downstream of modulated signals frequency transformed to other communication nodes 1104B through 1104E at a carrier frequency that is different from the original / unique spectral bands of the frequency transformed modulated signals, communication node 1104A may be a modulated All or selected portions of the modulated signals that have not changed in the original / unique spectral bands of the signals may be communicated to the client devices in the wireless coverage of the communication node 1104A via the air interface 1111. [ The duplexer / diplexer assembly 1224 transmits the modulated signals of the original / unique spectral bands of the modulated signals to the transceiver 1230. The transceiver 1230 may include a channel selection filter for selecting one or more downlink channels for transmission of downlink channels to mobile or fixed wireless devices via the air interface 1111 and antennas 1124, And a power amplifier coupled to one or more of the same antennas.

In addition to downlink communications destined for client devices, communications node 1104A may also operate in a reciprocal manner to handle uplink communications originating from client devices. In operation, transceiver 1232 receives uplink channels of uplink spectrum segment 1210 through the uplink spectrum of interface 1110 from communication nodes 1104B through 1104E. The uplink frequency channels of the uplink spectrum segment 1210 are converted from the original / unique spectral bands of the modulated signals to the uplink frequency channels of the uplink spectrum segment 1210 by the communication nodes 1104B through 1104E, ≪ / RTI > In situations where the interface 1110 operates at a higher frequency band than the intrinsic / original spectral segments of the modulated signals supplied by the client devices, the transceiver 1232 may convert the upconverted modulated signals into up- Down to the original frequency bands of the received signals. However, in situations where the interface 1110 operates at a lower frequency band than the intrinsic / original spectral segments of the modulated signals provided by the client devices, the transceiver 1232 may convert the downconverted modulated signals to a down- Lt; / RTI > to the original frequency bands of the modulated signals. In addition, the transceiver 1230 operates to receive all or selected of the modulated signals of the original / natural frequency bands of the modulated signals via the wireless interface 1111 from the client devices. The duplexer / diplexer assembly 1224 couples the modulated signals of the original / natural frequency bands of the modulated signals received via the transceiver 1230 to be transmitted to the macro base station 1102 or other network elements of the communication network, 1222). Similarly, the modulated signals occupying the uplink frequency channels of the uplink spectrum segment 1210, which are frequency translated into the original / natural frequency bands of the signals modulated by the transceiver 1232, Is supplied to the duplexer / diplexer assembly 1224 for transmission to the base station interface 1222 to be transmitted to other network elements.

Referring now to FIG. 12C, a block diagram 1235 illustrating an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a communication node is shown. In particular, a communication node device such as a communication node 1104B, 1104C, 1104D or 1104E of a wireless distributed antenna system includes a transceiver 1233, a duplexer / diplexer assembly 1224, an amplifier 1238 and two transceivers 1236A and 1236B).

In various embodiments, transceiver 1236A may receive, from communication node 1104A or upstream communication nodes 1104B through 1104E, channels (e.g., one or more) of the first modulated signal of the transformed spectrum of the distributed antenna system Lt; / RTI > of the first carrier frequency corresponding to the arrangement of frequency channels (e. G., Frequency channels of downlink spectrum segments 1206 above). The first modulated signal includes first communication data provided by the base station and directed to the mobile communication device. The transceiver 1236A may receive one or more corresponding reference signals, such as pilot signals or other reference signals, and / or one or more control channels associated with the first modulated signal of the first carrier frequency, from the communication node 1104A and / Or one or more clock signals. The first modulated signal may be one or more downlink communications in accordance with a signaling protocol such as LTE or other 4G wireless protocol, 5G wireless communication protocol, UWB protocol, WiMAX protocol, 802.11 or other wireless local area network protocol, and / Channels.

As discussed above, the reference signal may cause a phase error (and / or other types of signal distortion) during processing of the first modulated signal from the first carrier frequency to the first spectral segment (i.e., the original / unique spectrum) / RTI > The control channel may direct the communication node of the decentralized antenna system to convert the first modulated signal of the first carrier frequency to a first modulated signal of the first spectral segment to provide frequency selections and reuse patterns, handoffs, and / Or other control signaling. The clock signals may be synchronized with the timing of digital control channel processing by downstream communication nodes 1104B through 1104E to recover instructions from the control channel and / or provide other timing signals.

Amplifier 1238 amplifies the first modulated signal of the first carrier frequency with reference signals, control channels and / or clock signals coupled to transceiver 1236B via a duplexer / diplexer assembly 1224 And the transceiver 1236B may be coupled to one or more of the communication nodes 1104B-1104E operating in a similar manner and downstream from the illustrated communication nodes 1104B-1104E, in this example, , Control channels and / or clock signals as repeaters for retransmitting the amplified first modulated signal of the first carrier frequency.

The amplified first modulated signal of the first carrier frequency along with the reference signals, control channels and / or clock signals is also coupled to the transceiver 1233 via a duplexer / diplexer assembly 1224. The transceiver 1233 performs digital signal processing on the control channel to recover instructions in the form of, for example, digital data from the control channel. The clock signal is used to synchronize the timing of digital control channel processing. The transceiver 1233 may then utilize the reference signal to reduce distortion during the conversion process, based on analog (and / or digital) signal processing of the first modulated signal and in accordance with subsequent instructions, And performs frequency conversion of the first modulated signal to the first modulated signal of the first spectral segment. Transceiver 1233 wirelessly transmits a first modulated signal of a first spectral segment for direct communication with one or more mobile communication devices in the range of communication nodes 1104B through 1104E as free space wireless signals.

In various embodiments, transceiver 1236B may receive uplink spectrum segment 1210 from other network elements, such as one or more other communication nodes 1104B through 1104E downstream from the illustrated communication nodes 1104B through 1104E. Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > of the second carrier frequency. ≪ / RTI > The second modulated signal includes one or more uplink communication channels conforming to a signaling protocol such as LTE or other 4G wireless protocol, 5G wireless communication protocol, ultra wideband protocol, 802.11 or other wireless local area network protocol, and / or other communication protocol can do. In particular, one or more mobile communication devices generate a second modulated signal of a second spectral segment, such as an original / natural frequency band, and a downstream network element generates a second modulated signal of a second carrier frequency, 2 modulated signal and transmits a second modulated signal at a second carrier frequency of the uplink spectrum segment 1210 received by the illustrated communication nodes 1104B through 1104E. The transceiver 1236B communicates again through the duplexer / diplexer assembly 1224 to the amplifier 1238 for amplification and retransmission of the second modulated signal at the second carrier frequency and through the transceiver 1236A for additional retransmission Node 1104A or upstream communication nodes 1104B through 1104E to the base station, such as macro base station 1102, for processing.

Transceiver 1233 may receive a second modulated signal of a second spectral segment from one or more mobile communication devices in the range of communication nodes 1104B through 1104E. The transceiver 1233 is operable to perform frequency conversion to a second modulated signal of a second carrier frequency for a second modulated signal of a second spectral segment, for example, under control of instructions received via a control channel Control channels and / or clock signals for use by the communication node 1104A to retranslate the second modulated signal back to the original / unique spectral segments, and to insert reference signals, control channels and / To the transceiver 1236A via the duplexer / diplexer assembly 1224 and amplifier 1238 for amplification and retransmission of the second modulated signal and back to the communication node 1104A or upstream communication nodes 1104B To 1104E to the base station, such as the macro base station 1102, for processing.

Referring now to FIG. 12D, there is shown a graphical representation 1240 illustrating an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a frequency spectrum. In particular, spectrum 1242 may be generated by downlink segment 1206 after the modulated signals are frequency converted (e.g., via up-conversion or down-conversion) from one or more original / unique spectral segments to spectrum 1242, Or a modulated signal occupying frequency channels of the uplink spectrum segment 1210. [

In the example provided, the downstream (downlink) channel band 1244 includes a plurality of downstream frequency channels represented by separate downlink spectrum segments 1206. Similarly, the upstream (uplink) channel band 1246 includes a plurality of upstream frequency channels represented by separate uplink spectrum segments 1210. The spectral shapes of the separate spectral segments are considered to be placeholders for the frequency assignment of each modulated signal with associated reference signals, control channels and clock signals. The actual spectral response of each frequency channel of the downlink spectrum segment 1206 or uplink spectrum segment 1210 will vary based on the protocol and modulation used and additionally over time.

The number of uplink spectrum segments 1210 may be less than or greater than the number of downlink spectrum segments 1206, depending on the asymmetric communication scheme. In this case, the upstream channel band 1246 may be narrower or wider than the downstream channel band 1244. Alternatively, the number of uplink spectrum segments 1210 may be equal to the number of downlink spectrum segments 1206 if a symmetric communication scheme is implemented. In this case, the width of the upstream channel band 1246 may be equal to the width of the downstream channel band 1244 and bit stuffing or other data filling techniques may be used to compensate for changes in upstream traffic. The downstream channel band 1244 may be represented by a lower frequency than the upstream channel band 1246 but in other embodiments the downstream channel band 1144 may be at a higher frequency than the upstream channel band 1246 . In addition, the number of spectral segments of spectrum 1242 and the respective frequency positions of the spectral segments may change dynamically over time. For example, a general control channel (not shown), which may indicate the frequency location of each downlink spectrum segment 1206 and each uplink spectrum segment 1210 to the communication nodes 1104, Lt; / RTI > The number of downlink spectrum segments 1206 and the number of uplink spectrum segments 1210 may change over a common control channel, depending on the traffic conditions or network requirements that make it necessary to reallocate bandwidth. In addition, downlink spectrum segments 1206 and uplink spectrum segments 1210 need not be grouped separately. For example, the general control channel may identify the downlink spectrum segment 1206 followed by the uplink spectrum segment 1210 in an alternating manner, or in any other combination that may or may not be symmetric. It is further noted that instead of utilizing a general control channel, multiple control channels may be used, each identifying a frequency location of one or more spectral segments and a type of spectral segment (i.e., uplink or downlink).

In addition, while downstream channel band 1244 and upstream channel band 1246 are shown occupying a single close frequency band, in other embodiments, two or more upstream and / or two or more downstream channel bands May be used depending on available spectrum and / or communication standards used. The frequency channels of uplink spectrum segments 1210 and downlink spectrum segments 1206 may be transmitted using 4G or 5G voice and data protocols such as DOCSIS 2.0 or higher standard protocol, WiMAX standard protocol, UWB protocol, 802.11 standard protocol, LTE protocol , ≪ / RTI > and / or other standard communication protocols. In addition to protocols conforming to current standards, any of these protocols may be modified to work with the system shown. For example, 802.11 protocols or other protocols may be used to provide collision detection / multiple access over a wider area (e.g., enabling devices communicating over a particular frequency channel to listen to each other) And / or a separate data channel. In various embodiments, both the uplink frequency channels of uplink spectrum segments 1210 and the downlink frequency channels of downlink spectrum segments 1206 are all formatted according to the same communication protocol. However, alternatively, two or more different protocols may be used, for example, to support uplink frequency channels of one or more uplink spectrum segments 1210 and one or more uplink frequency channels of one or more uplink spectrum segments 1210 to operate in different frequency bands, May be used on both downlink frequency channels of downlink spectrum segments 1206. [

It should be noted that the modulated signals may be collected from different original / unique spectral segments for aggregation into the spectrum 1242. In this manner, a first portion of the uplink frequency channels of the uplink spectrum segment 1210 may include a second portion of uplink frequency channels of the uplink spectrum segment 1210 that has been frequency transformed from one or more of the different original / unique spectral segments Respectively. Similarly, the first portion of the downlink frequency channels of the downlink spectrum segment 1206 is adjacent to the second portion of the downlink frequency channels of the downlink spectrum segment 1206 that were frequency transformed from the one or more different original / unique spectral segments can do. For example, one or more 2.4 GHz 802.11 channels that have been frequency translated may be adjacent to one or more 5.8 GHz 802.11 channels that have also been frequency translated to a spectrum 1242 centered at 80 GHz. Can be used to generate a local oscillator signal of frequency and phase that provides frequency translation of one or more frequency channels of such a spectral segment from the arrangement of each spectral segment of spectrum 1242 to the original / unique spectral segment of each spectral segment It should be noted that each spectral segment may have an associated reference signal, such as a pilot signal.

Referring now to FIG. 12E, there is shown a graphical illustration 1250 illustrating an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a frequency spectrum. In particular, spectral segment selection as discussed with the signal processing performed on the spectral segments selected by the transceivers 1230 of the communication node 1140A or the transceiver 1232 of the communication nodes 1104B through 1104E is provided. As shown, the downlink spectrum segments of the downlink channel frequency band 1244 and the specific uplink frequency portion 1258, including one of the uplink spectrum segments 1210 of the uplink frequency channel band 1246, A particular downlink frequency portion 1256 comprising one of the uplink frequency channel band 1206 and the downlink frequency band 1244 is selected to be passed by channel selective filtering and the remaining portions of the uplink frequency channel band 1246 and downlink channel frequency band 1244 are filtered out Is attenuated to mitigate the adverse effects of processing of the desired frequency channels passed by the transceiver. It should be noted that although a single specific uplink spectrum segment 1210 and a particular downlink spectrum segment 1206 are shown as being selected, two or more uplink and / or downlink spectrum segments may be passed in other embodiments do.

Although transceivers 1230 and 1232 may operate based on fixed static channel filters with uplink and downlink frequency portions 1258 and 1256, as discussed above, the transceivers 1230 and 1232 may be used to dynamically configure transceivers 1230 and 1232 for a particular frequency selection. In this manner, the upstream and downstream frequency channels of the corresponding spectral segments can be dynamically allocated to the various communication nodes by the macro base station 1102 or other network element of the communication network to optimize performance by the distributed antenna system have.

Referring now to FIG. 12F, there is shown a graphical representation 1260 illustrating an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a frequency spectrum. In particular, spectrum 1262 may be used to determine whether uplink or downlink spectrum (e.g., uplink or downlink spectrum) Is shown for a distributed antenna system that carries modulated signals occupying frequency channels of the segments.

As discussed above, two or more different communication protocols may be used to transmit upstream and downstream data. When two or more different protocols are used, the first subset of downlink frequency channels of downlink spectrum segment 1206 may be occupied by the modulated signals frequency-transformed in accordance with the first standard protocol and the same or different down The second subset of downlink frequency channels of the link spectrum segment 1206 may be occupied by the modulated signals frequency-converted according to a second standard protocol different from the first standard protocol. Similarly, a first subset of the uplink frequency channels of the uplink spectrum segment 1210 may be received by the system for demodulation according to the first standard protocol, The second subset of channels may be received according to a second standard protocol for demodulation according to a second standard protocol different from the first standard protocol.

In the illustrated example, the downstream channel band 1244 includes a first plurality of downstream spectral segments, represented by separate spectral shapes of a first type indicating the use of the first communication protocol. The downstream channel band 1244 'includes a second plurality of downstream spectral segments represented by separate spectral shapes of a second type indicative of use of a second communication protocol. Similarly, the upstream channel band 1246 includes a first plurality of upstream spectral segments, represented by separate spectral shapes of a first type indicating the use of the first communication protocol. The upstream channel band 1246 'includes a second plurality of upstream spectral segments represented by separate spectral shapes of a second type indicative of use of a second communication protocol. These separate spectral shapes are believed to be placeholders for frequency assignment of each individual spectral segment with associated reference signals, control channels and / or clock signals. It should be noted that although the individual channel bandwidth is shown to be approximately the same for the first and second types of channels, the upstream and downstream channel bands 1244, 1244 ', 1246 and 1246' may be different bandwidths. In addition, the spectral segments of these channel bands of the first and second types may be different bandwidths depending on the available spectrum and / or communication standards used.

Referring now to FIG. 12G, there is shown a graphical representation 1270 illustrating an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a frequency spectrum. In particular, some of the spectrums 1242 or 1262 of Figures 12d-12f are modulated (e.g., through up-conversion or down-conversion) in the form of channel signals whose frequencies have been converted from one or more original / unique spectral segments ≪ / RTI > is shown for a distributed antenna system that transmits signals.

Portion 1272 includes a portion of the downlink or uplink spectrum segments 1206 and 1210 that are represented in spectral form and represent a portion of the bandwidth reserved for the control channel, reference signal, and / or clock signal. Spectral shape 1274 represents, for example, a control channel separate from reference signal 1279 and clock signal 1278. [ It should be noted that clock signal 1278 is shown in a spectral shape representing a sinusoidal signal that may require adjustment in the form of a more conventional clock signal. In other embodiments, however, a typical clock signal may be transmitted as a modulated carrier by modulating the reference signal 1279 through amplitude modulation or other modulation techniques that preserve the phase of the carrier for use as a phase reference. In other embodiments, the clock signal may be transmitted by modulating the other carrier or as another signal. It is further noted that both clock signal 1278 and reference signal 1279 are shown as being outside the frequency band of control channel 1274. [

In another example, portion 1275 includes a portion of the downlink or uplink spectrum segments 1206 and 1210, which are shown as part of the spectral shape representing a portion of the bandwidth reserved for the control channel, reference signal, and / or clock signal do. Spectral shape 1276 represents a control channel having instructions including digital modulation to modulate the reference signal through amplitude modulation, amplitude displacement keying, or other modulation techniques that preserve the phase of the carrier for use as a phase reference. The clock signal 1278 is shown as being outside the frequency band of the spectrum shape 1276. The reference signal modulated by the control channel commands is indeed the subcarrier of the control channel and in-band with respect to the control channel. Once again, the clock signal 1278 is shown in a spectral shape representing a sinusoidal signal, but in other embodiments a typical clock signal may be transmitted as a modulated carrier wave or other signal. In this case, instructions of the control channel may be used to modulate the clock signal 1278 instead of the reference signal.

Through the modulation of the reference signal in the form of a continuous wave (CW) in which the phase distortion of the receiver is again corrected during frequency conversion of the downlink or uplink spectral segments 1206 and 1210 to the original / unique spectral segment of the reference signal 1276) is transmitted. The control channel 1276 may be used to transmit commands such as network operations, operational and management traffic, and other control data between the network elements of the distributed antenna system, such as pulse amplitude modulation, binary phase shift keying, Can be modulated with a strong modulation such as a modulation scheme. In various embodiments, the control data may include, without limitation:

● Status information indicating the online status, offline status, and network performance parameters of each network element.

● Network device information, such as module names and addresses, hardware and software versions, device capacities, and so on.

Spectral information such as frequency conversion coefficients, channel spacing, guard bands, uplink / downlink assignments, uplink and downlink channel selections, and the like.

Environmental measurements such as climatic conditions, image data, power outage information, and direct line obstructions.

In a further example, the control channel data may be transmitted over ultra wideband (UWB) signaling. The control channel data may be transmitted by generating radio energy in specific time intervals and occupying a larger bandwidth through pulse location or time modulation and / or by encoding polarity or amplitude of UWB pulses and / or by using orthogonal pulses. have. In particular, UWB pulses may be transmitted sporadically at relatively low wave rates to support time or position modulation, but may also be transmitted at rates up to the inverse of the UWB pulse bandwidth. In this manner, the control channel can be spread over the UWB spectrum without interfering with the CW transmissions of the reference signal and / or the clock signal, which can occupy in-band portions of the UWB spectrum of the control channel and at relatively low power.

Referring now to FIG. 12H, a block diagram 1280 is shown illustrating an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a transmitter. In particular, a transmitter 1282 is shown for use with a receiver 1281 and a digital control channel processor 1295, for example, in a transceiver, such as transceiver 1233, provided with FIG. 12C. As shown, the transmitter 1282 includes an analog front end 1286, a clock signal generator 1289, a local oscillator 1292, a mixer 1296, and a transmitter front end 1284.

The amplified first modulated signal of the first carrier frequency along with the reference signals, control channels and / or clock signals is coupled from the amplifier 1238 to the analog front end 1286. The analog front end 1286 includes one or more filters or other frequency selectors that separate the control channel signal 1287, the clock reference signal 1278, the pilot signal 1291 and the one or more selected channel signals 1294 .

Digital control channel processor 1295 performs digital signal processing on the control channel to recover instructions from control channel signal 1287, for example, through demodulation of digital control channel data. The clock signal generator 1289 generates a clock signal 1290 from the clock reference signal 1278 to synchronize the timing of the digital control channel processing by the digital control channel processor 1295. In embodiments where the clock reference signal 1278 is a sinusoid, the clock signal generator 1289 may provide amplification and limiting to generate a typical clock signal or other timing signal from the sinusoid. In embodiments where the clock reference signal 1278 is a modulated carrier signal, such as a reference or pilot signal, or other carrier modulation, the clock signal generator 1289 provides demodulation to generate a typical clock signal or other timing signal .

In various embodiments, control channel signal 1287 may be a digitally modulated signal in the range of frequencies separated by pilot signal 1291 and clock reference 1288, or as a modulation of pilot signal 1291. In operation, digital control channel processor 1295 provides demodulation of control channel signal 1287 to extract the instructions contained therein to generate control signal 1293. In particular, the control signal 1293 generated by the digital control channel processor 1295 in response to commands received over the control channel converts the frequencies of the channel signals 1294 for transmission over the air interface 1111 May be used to select specific channel signals 1294 with the corresponding pilot signal 1291 and / or clock reference 1288 used. In situations where the control channel signal 1287 carries instructions through modulation of the pilot signal 1291, the pilot signal 1291 may be transmitted to the digital control channel processor 1295 rather than to the analog front end 1286 as shown. It can be extracted through the < / RTI >

The digital control channel processor 1295 may be a microprocessor, microcontroller, digital signal processor, microcomputer, central processing unit, field programmable gate array, programmable logic device, state machine, logic circuit, digital circuit, Digital-to-analog converters, and / or any device that manipulates (analog and / or digital) signals based on hard coding of circuitry and / or operational instructions. The processing module may be a memory device and / or an integrated memory element, module, processing circuit, and / or processing device, which may be a single memory device, a plurality of memory devices, and / . Such memory devices may be read-only memory, random access memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, static memory, dynamic memory, flash memory, cache memory, and / or any device that stores digital information. If the processing module includes more than one processing device, the processing devices may be centrally located (e.g., coupled together directly through a wired and / or wireless bus structure) or may be located (e.g., And / or cloud computing through indirect coupling via a network and / or a wide area network). The memory and / or memory element that stores the corresponding operating instructions may be a microprocessor, microcontroller, digital signal processor, microcomputer, central processing unit, field programmable gate array, programmable logic device, state machine, logic circuit, , Analog-to-digital converters, digital-to-analog converters, or other devices, or external to them. Hard-coded and / or operational instructions corresponding to at least some of the steps and / or functions described herein may be stored by a memory element and executed by a processing module, such memory device or memory element may be implemented as an article of manufacture It should be further noted that this can be achieved.

The local oscillator 1292 utilizes the pilot signal 1291 to reduce the distortion during the frequency conversion process to generate the local oscillator signal 1297. In various embodiments, the pilot signal 1291 includes channel signals 1294 at a carrier frequency associated with the placement of channel signals 1294 in the spectrum of the distributed antenna system for transmission to fixed or mobile communication devices. The local oscillator signal 1297 is at the exact frequency and phase of the local oscillator signal 1297 to produce a local oscillator signal 1297 of the appropriate frequency and phase to convert to the original / unique spectral segments of the channel signals 1294. In this case, the local oscillator 1292 may generate a sinusoidal local oscillator signal 1297 that preserves the frequency and phase of the pilot signal 1291 using bandpass filtering and / or other signal adjustments. In other embodiments, the pilot signal 1291 has a frequency and phase that can be used to derive the local oscillator signal 1297. In this case, the local oscillator 1292 provides channel signals 1294 at a carrier frequency associated with the placement of the channel signals 1294 in the spectrum of the distributed antenna system for transmission to fixed or mobile communication devices, Frequency enhancement or other frequency synthesis based on the pilot signal 1291 to generate a local oscillator signal 1297 of the appropriate frequency and phase to transform the signal 1294 into its original / unique spectral segments. do.

The mixer 1296 frequency shifts the channel signals 1294 based on the local oscillator signal 1297 to generate frequency converted channel signals 1298 of the corresponding original / unique spectral segments of the channel signals 1294 . Although a single mixing step is shown, multiple mixing steps can be used to shift the channel signals to the baseband and / or one or more intermediate frequencies as part of the total frequency conversion. The transmitter (Xmtr) front end 1284 may transmit the frequency-converted channel signals 1298 in the range of the communication nodes 1104B through 1104E to one or more mobile devices, such as antennas 1124, Or fixed-line communications devices. ≪ RTI ID = 0.0 > [0031] < / RTI >

Referring now to Figure 12i, a block diagram 1285 illustrating an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a receiver is shown. In particular, a receiver 1281 is shown for use with a transmitter 1282 and a digital control channel processor 1295, for example, in a transceiver, such as transceiver 1233, provided with FIG. 12C. As shown, the receiver 1281 includes an analog receiver (RCVR) front end 1283, a local oscillator 1292, and a mixer 1296. The digital control channel processor 1295 operates under the control of commands from the control channel to generate a pilot signal 1291, a control channel signal 1287 and a clock reference signal 1278.

The control signal 1293 generated by the digital control channel processor 1295 in response to commands received via the control channel is used to convert the frequencies of the channel signals 1294 for reception via the air interface 1111 May be used to select particular channel signals 1294 along with the corresponding pilot signal 1291 and / or clock reference 1288. [ The analog receiver front end 1283 includes a low noise amplifier and one or more filters or other frequency selectors to receive one or more selected channel signals 1294 under control of the control signal 1293. [

The local oscillator 1292 utilizes the pilot signal 1291 to reduce the distortion during the frequency conversion process to generate the local oscillator signal 1297. In various embodiments, the local oscillator is coupled to the local oscillator signal 1297 of appropriate frequency and phase based on the pilot signal 1291 using bandpass filtering and / or other signal conditioning, frequency division, frequency raising, To generate channel signals 1294, pilot signals 1291, control channel signals 1287 and clock reference signals 1278 for transmission to other communication nodes 1104A through 1104E in the spectrum of the distributed antenna system . In particular, mixer 1296 frequency shifts channel signals 1294 based on local oscillator signal 1297 to amplifier 1238, to transceiver 1236A for amplification and retransmission, and to transceiver 1236A for further retransmission Frequency-transformed at the desired location in the spectral segment of the distributed antenna system coupled back to the communication node 1104A or upstream communication nodes 1104B through 1104E via the base station 1102, Channel signals 1298. < / RTI > One more, single mixing step is shown, but multiple mixing steps can be used to shift the channel signals to the baseband and / or one or more intermediate frequencies as part of the total frequency conversion.

Referring now to FIG. 13A, a flow diagram of an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of method 1300 is shown. The method 1300 may be used with one or more of the functions and features presented in connection with FIGS. 1-12. The method 1300 may begin with a step 1302 in which a base station, such as the macro base station 1102 of FIG. 11A, determines the traveling speed of the communication device. The communication device may be a mobile communication device, such as one of the mobile devices 1106 shown in FIG. 11B, or a stationary communication device (e.g., a residential or commercial facility communication device). The base station may be a wireless cellular communication technology (e. G., ≪ RTI ID = 0.0 > e. G., ≪ / RTI > For example, LTE can be used to communicate directly with a communication device. During a communication session, the base station and the communication device utilize one or more spectral segments (e.g., resource blocks) of a particular bandwidth (e.g., 10 to 20 MHz) to determine a specific inherent / 900 MHz band, 1.9 ㎓ band, 2.4 ㎓ band and / or 5.8 ㎓ band, etc.). In some embodiments, the spectral segments are used according to a time slot schedule assigned to the communication device by the base station.

The speed of movement of the communication device may be determined in step 1302 from GPS coordinates provided by the communication device to the base station via cellular radio signals. If the rate of movement is greater than a threshold (e.g., 25 miles per hour) in step 1304, the base station can continue to provide wireless services to the communication device in step 1306 utilizing the base station ' s radio resources. On the other hand, if the communication device has a traveling speed below the threshold, the base station may configure the communication device to further determine whether it can be redirected to the communication node to make the base station ' .

For example, it is assumed that the base station detects that the communication device has a slow moving speed (e.g., 3 mph or nearly stopped). Under certain circumstances, the base station may determine that the current location of the communication device places the communication device in the communication range of the particular communication node 1104. The base station can determine the communication range (s) of the particular communication node 1104 during a time sufficient to allow the slow moving speed of the communication device to redirect the communication device to the particular communication node 1104 (other threshold tests that may be used by the base station) It may be determined that the communication device will be held within the communication device. When such a determination is made, the base station proceeds to step 1308 and may select the communication node 1104 in the communication range of the communication device to provide communication services to the communication device.

Thus, the selection process performed in step 1308 may be based on the location of the communication device determined from GPS coordinates provided to the base station by the communication device. The selection process may be based on the movement trajectory of the communication device, and the movement trajectory of the communication device may be determined from several instances of GPS coordinates provided by the communication device. In some embodiments, the base station may determine that the trajectory of the communication device will ultimately place the communication device in the communication range of the next communication node 1104 neighboring the communication node selected in step 1308. [ In such an embodiment, the base station may notify multiple communication nodes 1104 of this trajectory to enable communication nodes 1104 to coordinate the handoff of communication services provided to the communication device.

If more than one communication nodes 1104 were selected in step 1308, then the base station may transmit one or more spectral segments (e. G., Resources) for use by a communication device at a first carrier frequency Blocks may be allocated by the base station (step 1310). It is not necessary that the first carrier frequency and / or spectral segments selected by the base station be the same as the carrier frequency and / or spectral segments being used between the base station and the communication device. For example, it is assumed that the base station and the communication device utilize a carrier frequency of 1.9 GHz for wireless communication with each other. The base station may select a different carrier frequency (e.g., 900 MHz) in step 1310 to allow the communication node selected in step 1308 to communicate with the communication device. Similarly, the base station may determine the time slot (s) of the spectral segment (s) being used between the base station and the communication device and / or the spectral segment (s) (e.g., resource blocks) and / The schedule can be assigned to the communication node.

In step 1312, the base station may generate the first modulated signal (s) of the spectral segment (s) allocated in step 1310 of the first carrier frequency. The first modulated signal (s) may include data directed to a communication device, wherein the data represents a voice communication session, a data communication session, or a combination thereof. In step 1314, the base station transmits the first modulated signal (s) to one or more frequency channels of the downlink spectrum segment 1206 directed to the communication node 1104 selected in step 1308 (E.g., 80 GHz) of the first modulated signal (s) at a first characteristic carrier frequency (e.g., 1.9 GHz) to a second carrier frequency (e.g., 80 GHz) . Alternatively, the base station may be configured for up conversion to a second carrier frequency for transmission to one or more frequency channels of the downlink spectrum segment 1206 directed to the communication node 1104 selected in step 1308 (S) of the first carrier frequency to the first communication node 1104A (shown in Figure 11A).

In step 1316, the base station may send instructions to transition the communication device to the communication node 1104 selected in step 1308. [ The instructions may be directed to the communication device while the communication device is in direct communication with the base station utilizing the base station ' s radio resources. Alternatively, the instructions may be communicated to the communication node 1104 selected in step 1308 via the control channel 1202 of the downlink spectrum segment 1206 shown in FIG. 12A. Step 1316 may occur before, after, or concurrently with steps 1312-1314.

If commands are sent, the base station transmits a first modulated signal of a second carrier frequency (e.g., 80 GHz) to the downlink spectrum segment (e.g., 80 GHz) for transmission by the first communication node 1104A The base station may proceed to step 1318 with one or more frequency channels of the base station 1206. [ Alternatively, the first communication node 1104A may receive the first modulated signal (s) of the first eigenfrequency frequency from the base station at a second Up conversion in step 1314 for transmission of the first modulated signal of the carrier frequency. The first communication node 1104A transmits downlink signals generated by the base station to downstream communication nodes 1104 according to downlink spectrum segments 1206 assigned to each communication node 1104 in step 1310. [ As a master communication node. The assignment of downlink spectrum segments 1206 may be provided to communication nodes 1104 via instructions transmitted by first communication node 1104A of control channel 1202 shown in Figure 12A. At step 1318, the communication node 1104 receiving the first modulated signal (s) of the second carrier frequency with one or more frequency channels of the downlink spectrum segment 1206 transmits the second carrier frequency to the first carrier (E. G., Phase distortion) caused by the distribution of downlink spectral segments 1206 through the communication hops between communication nodes 1104B-1104D. ≪ RTI ID = 0.0 ≪ RTI ID = 0.0 > (s) < / RTI > In particular, the pilot signal may be derived from a local oscillator signal that is used to generate a frequency up-conversion (e.g., via frequency increase and / or division). When down-conversion is required, the pilot signal may be modulated (e.g., by frequency-increasing and / or dividing) to return the modulated signal to the original portion of the modulated signal of the frequency band having the minimum phase error And a phase correct version. In this manner, the frequency channels of the communication system may be transformed for transmission over a distributed antenna system and then returned to the original location of the frequency channels of the spectrum for transmission to the wireless client device.

Once the down conversion process is complete, the communication node 1104 utilizes the same spectral segment assigned to the communication node 1104 to generate a first modulated (e.g., 1.9 GHz) first carrier frequency Signal to the communication device. Step 1322 may be adjusted such that step 1322 occurs after the communication device has transitioned to communication node 1104 in accordance with the instructions provided in step 1316. [ The instructions provided in step 1316 may be performed between the communication device and the communication node 1104 selected in step 1308 to smooth such transition and to avoid aborting the existing wireless communication session between the base station and the communication device (S) and / or a time slot schedule as part of the registration process of the communication device and / or the communication node (s) 1104 assigned thereto. In some cases, such a transition may require that the communication device have wireless communication coexisting with the base station and communication node 1104 for a short period of time.

If the communication device successfully transitions to the communication node 1104, the communication device may terminate the wireless communication with the base station and continue the communication session via the communication node 1104. [ Termination of the wireless services between the base station and the communication device makes certain radio resources of the base station available for use with other communication devices. Note that although the base station has passed a wireless connection to the selected communication node 1104 in the above-described steps, the communication session between the base station and the communication device continues through the network of communication nodes 1104 shown in FIG. . However, the difference is that the base station does not need to further utilize the base station's own radio resources to communicate with the communication device.

To provide bi-directional communication between the base station and the communication device over the network of communication nodes 1104, the communication node 1104 and / or the communication device may communicate with one or more uplink spectral segments (e.g., 1210. < / RTI > The uplink instructions may be provided to the communication node 1104 and / or the communication device in step 1316 as part of the registration process between the communication device and the communication node 1104 selected in step 1308 and / . Accordingly, when the communication device has data that the communication device needs to transmit to the base station, the communication device may transmit a second modulated signal (e. G., A first modulated signal Can be wirelessly transmitted. The second modulated signal (s) may be included in one or more frequency channels of one or more of the uplink spectral segments 1210, designated in step 1316 by instructions provided to the communication device and / or the communication node.

In order to communicate the second modulated signal (s) to the base station, the communication node 1104 transmits these signals from a first specific carrier frequency (e.g., 1.9 GHz) to a second carrier frequency (e.g., For example, 80 GHz). The second modulated signal (s) at the second carrier frequency may be transmitted to the communication node 1104 along with one or more uplink pilot signals 1208 to enable upstream communication nodes and / In step 1328. In step 1328, When the base station receives the second modulated signal (s) of the second carrier frequency through the communication node 1104A, the base station downconverts these signals from the second carrier frequency to the first carrier frequency in step 1330 At step 1332, data provided by the communication device may be obtained. Alternatively, the first communication node 1104A may perform down-conversion of the second modulated signal (s) of the second carrier frequency to the first unique carrier frequency and provide the resulting signals to the base station. The base station then processes the second modulated signal (s) at the first unique carrier frequency to provide a signal to the communication device in a similar or similar manner to how the base station has handled the signals from the communication device that was in direct wireless communication with the communication device Data can be recovered.

The above described method of operation 1300 can be used to communicate wirelessly to rapidly moving communication devices by redirecting slow moving communication devices to one or more communication nodes 1104 that are communicatively coupled to base station 1102. [ (E.g., sector antennas, spectrum), and in some embodiments, provides a way to increase bandwidth utilization. For example, it is assumed that base station 1102 has ten (ten) communication nodes 1104 through which base station 1102 can redirect mobile and / or stationary communication devices. It is further assumed that ten communication nodes 1104 have communication ranges that do not substantially overlap.

The base station 1102 may be configured to allocate specific spectrum segments (e.g., resource blocks 5, 7, and 9) for a particular time slot and for a particular carrier frequency that the base station 1102 allocates to all ten communication nodes 1104 ) Is assumed. During operations, the base station 1102 may be configured not to utilize the time slot schedules reserved for the communication nodes 1104 to avoid interference and resource blocks 5, 7 and 9 during the carrier frequency. As the base station 1102 detects slow moving or stopped communication devices, the base station 1102 may redirect the communication devices to the different ones of the ten communication nodes 1104 based on the location of the communication devices. For example, when base station 1102 redirects the communication of a particular communication device to a particular communication node 1104, base station 1102 may transmit resource blocks 5, 7, and 9 To one or more spectrum ranges (s) on the downlink (see FIG. 12A) assigned to the communication node 1104.

The communication node 1104 may communicate with one or more frequency channels 1210 of the one or more uplink spectrum segments 1210 on the uplink that the base station 1102 may use to redirect communication signals provided by the communication device to the base station 1102. [ Lt; / RTI > These communication signals may be upconverted by the communication node 1104 according to the assigned uplink frequency channels of one or more corresponding uplink spectrum segments 1210 and transmitted to the base station 1102 for processing. The downlink and uplink frequency channel assignments may be transmitted by base station 1102 to each communication node 1104 via a control channel as shown in FIG. 12A. The downlink and uplink assignment procedures described above may be used for other communication nodes 1104 to provide communication services to other communication devices that are redirected by base station 1102 to other communication nodes 1104. [

In this example, the reuse of resource blocks 5, 7, and 9 during the corresponding timeslot schedule and carrier frequency by 10 communication nodes 1104 effectively increases bandwidth utilization by base station 1102 to a factor of 10 . Although base station 1102 can no longer use resource blocks 5, 7 and 9 reserved for ten communication nodes 1104 in which base station 1102 communicates wirelessly with other communication devices, The ability of the base station 1102 to reuse and redirect the communication devices to ten different communication nodes 1104 effectively increases the bandwidth capacity of the base station 1102. Thus, in certain embodiments, the method 1300 may increase the bandwidth utilization of the base station 1102 and make the resources of the base station 1102 available to other communication devices.

In some embodiments, the spectrum allocated to communication nodes 1104 may be determined by selecting one or more sectors of the antenna system of base station 1102 that indicate communication nodes 1104 to which base station 1102 is assigned to the same spectral segments Segments may be configured to reuse. Thus, in some embodiments, base station 1102 avoids reusing certain spectral segments assigned to particular communication nodes 1104, in some embodiments by selecting specific sectors of the antenna system of base station 1102, and in other embodiments, May be configured to reuse other spectral segments that are assigned to other communication nodes (1104). Similar concepts may be applied to the sectors of antenna system 1124 used by communication nodes 1104. Certain reuse schemes can be used between base station 1102 and one or more communication nodes 1104 based on the base stations 1102 and / or sectors utilized by one or more communication nodes 1104.

The method 1300 also enables reuse of legacy systems when the communication devices are redirected to one or more communication nodes. For example, a signaling protocol (e.g., LTE) utilized by a base station to communicate wirelessly with a communication device may be preserved in communication signals exchanged between the base station and communication nodes 1104. Thus, when assigning spectral segments to the communication nodes 1104, the exchange of modulated signals of these segments between the base station and the communication nodes 1104 may be used by the base station to perform direct wireless communication with the communication device Lt; / RTI > Thus, legacy base stations may be updated with hardware and / or software to process the modulated signals of the first unique carrier frequency, while the legacy base stations may be updated to perform the uplink and downconversion processes described above with additional features of distortion mitigation All other functions may remain substantially unchanged. It should also be noted that, in further embodiments, the channels from the original frequency band may be converted to other frequency bands utilized by the same protocol. For example, LTE channels in the 2.5 GHz band may be up converted to the 80 GHz band for transmission and then downconverted as 5.8 GHz LTE channels if needed for spectral diversity.

It is further noted that the method 1300 may be adapted without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. For example, when a base station (or corresponding communication nodes) detects that a communication device has a trajectory that will cause a transition from one communication node's coverage to another, Monitor these trajectories through the periodic GPS coordinates provided by the base station and adjust the handoff of the communication device to the other communication node accordingly. Method 1300 may be used to determine when a communication device is near a point where it transitions from one communication node's communication range to another communication node's communication range, (Or active communication node) to instruct the communication device and / or other communication node to utilize the time slots of the downlink and uplink channels, and / or to utilize time slots of the downlink and uplink channels.

When the base station or active communication node 1104 detects that the method 1300 is to transition at some point outside of the communication range of the communication node and that no other communication node is in the communication range of the communication device, It is further noted that the wireless communication between the device and the communication node 1104 may be adapted to adjust the handoff to the base station again. Other configurations of method 1300 are contemplated by the present disclosure. It is further noted that when the carrier frequency of the downlink or uplink spectral segments is lower than the natural frequency band of the modulated signal, the opposite process of frequency conversion will be required. That is, when transmitting a modulated signal of the downlink or uplink spectral segments, a frequency downconversion will be used instead of the upconversion. And, when extracting the modulated signal of the downlink or uplink spectral segments, frequency up-conversion will be used instead of down-conversion. The method 1300 may be further adapted to use the above-mentioned clock signal to synchronize the processing of the digital data of the control channel. The method 1300 may be adapted to use a reference signal that is modulated by instructions of the control channel or a clock signal that is modulated by instructions of the control channel.

Method 1300 avoids tracking the movement of the communication device and instead transmits a modulated signal of a particular communication device at the natural frequency of the modulated signal without knowing which communication node is in the communication range of the particular communication device. May be further adapted to point to nodes 1104. Likewise, each communication node receives signals modulated from a particular communication device without knowledge of which communication node is to receive modulated signals from a particular communication device, and transmits to the particular frequency channels < RTI ID = 0.0 >Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > signals. ≪ / RTI > This implementation may help to reduce the implementation complexity and cost of the communication nodes 1104. [

For the sake of simplicity of the description, although each process is shown and described as a series of blocks in FIG. 13A, some blocks may be performed in different orders and / or concurrently with other blocks as shown and described herein , It is to be understood and appreciated that the claimed subject matter is not limited by the order of the blocks. Moreover, not all illustrated blocks may be necessary to implement the methods described herein.

Referring now to FIG. 13B, a flow diagram of an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of method 1335 is shown. Method 1335 may be used with one or more of the features and features presented in connection with FIGS. 1-12. Step 1336 comprises receiving, by a system comprising circuitry, a first modulated signal of a first spectral segment directed to a mobile communication device, wherein the first modulated signal is in accordance with a signaling protocol. Step 1337 is performed by the system on the basis of signal processing of the first modulated signal and without modifying the signaling protocol of the first modulated signal to generate a first modulated signal of the first spectral segment at a first carrier frequency Into a first modulated signal, wherein the first carrier frequency is outside the first spectral segment. Step 1338 includes transmitting, by the system, a reference signal with a first modulated signal at a first carrier frequency to a network element of the distributed antenna system, wherein the reference signal is transmitted to the mobile communication device via a first spectral segment Transforms the first modulated signal of the first carrier frequency to the first modulated signal of the first spectral segment for wireless distribution of the first modulated signal of the first spectral segment.

In various embodiments, signal processing does not require analog to digital conversion or digital to analog conversion. The transmitting may include transmitting a first modulated signal of a first carrier frequency to the network element as a free space radio signal. The first carrier frequency may be in the millimeter wave frequency band.

The first modulated signal may be generated by modulating signals of a plurality of frequency channels in accordance with a signaling protocol for generating a first modulated signal of the first spectral segment. The signaling protocol may include a Long Term Evolution (LTE) wireless protocol or a fifth generation cellular communication protocol.

The step of converting by the system comprises the steps of up-converting the first modulated signal of the first spectral segment to a first modulated signal of the first carrier frequency, or upconverting the first modulated signal of the first spectral segment to a first modulated signal of the first carrier frequency And downconverting the first modulated signal into a first modulated signal. The step of converting by the network element further comprises the steps of downconverting the first modulated signal of the first carrier frequency to a first modulated signal of the first spectral segment or modulating the first modulated signal of the first carrier frequency into a first spectral segment To a first modulated signal of the first modulated signal.

The method may further comprise, by the system, receiving a second modulated signal of a second carrier frequency from a network element, wherein the mobile communication device generates a second modulated signal of the second spectral segment, Converts the second modulated signal of the second spectral segment to a second modulated signal of the second carrier frequency and transmits a second modulated signal of the second carrier frequency. The method comprising: converting, by the system, a second modulated signal of a second carrier frequency to a second modulated signal of a second spectral segment; And transmitting, by the system, a second modulated signal of the second spectral segment to the base station for processing.

The second spectral segment may be different from the first spectral segment, and the first carrier frequency may be different from the second carrier frequency. The system may be mounted on a first telephone pole and the network element may be mounted on a second telephone pole.

For the sake of simplicity of the description, each process is shown and described as a series of blocks in Figure 13B, but since some blocks may be performed in different orders and / or concurrently with other blocks as shown and described herein , It is to be understood and appreciated that the claimed subject matter is not limited by the order of the blocks. Moreover, not all illustrated blocks may be necessary to implement the methods described herein.

Referring now to FIG. 13C, a flow diagram of an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of method 1340 is shown. Method 1335 may be used with one or more of the features and features presented in connection with FIGS. 1-12. Step 1341 comprises receiving, by a network element of the distributed antenna system, a reference signal and a first modulated signal at a first carrier frequency, wherein the first modulated signal is provided by a base station and is a mobile communication And first communication data directed to the device. Step 1342 may comprise utilizing the reference signal to reduce distortion, based on the signal processing of the first modulated signal and during the transforming step, by the network element to convert the first modulated signal of the first carrier frequency into a first Into a first modulated signal of the spectral segment. Step 1343 comprises wirelessly transmitting, by the network element, the first modulated signal of the first spectral segment to the mobile communication device.

In various embodiments, the first modulated signal conforms to a signaling protocol, the signal processing does not alter the signaling protocol of the first modulated signal, and the first modulated signal of the first spectral segment 1 modulated signal. The step of converting by the network element may comprise converting the first modulated signal of the first carrier frequency to the first modulated signal of the first spectral segment without changing the signaling protocol of the first modulated signal have. The method includes receiving, by a network element, a second modulated signal of a second spectral segment generated by a mobile communication device; Converting, by the network element, a second modulated signal of the second spectral segment into a second modulated signal of a second carrier frequency; And transmitting, by the network element, the second modulated signal of the second carrier frequency to another network element of the distributed antenna system. Another network element of the distributed antenna system is capable of receiving a second modulated signal at a second carrier frequency and converting a second modulated signal at a second carrier frequency to a second modulated signal in a second spectral segment, And provides a second modulated signal of the second spectral segment to the base station for processing. The second spectral segment may be different from the first spectral segment, and the first carrier frequency may be different from the second carrier frequency.

For the sake of simplicity of the description, although each process is illustrated and described as a series of blocks in Figure 13c, some blocks may be performed in different orders and / or concurrently with other blocks than those shown and described herein , It is to be understood and appreciated that the claimed subject matter is not limited by the order of the blocks. Moreover, not all illustrated blocks may be necessary to implement the methods described herein.

Referring now to FIG. 13D, a flow diagram of an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of method 1345 is shown. Method 1345 may be used with one or more of the features and features presented in connection with FIGS. 1-12. Step 1345 comprises receiving, by a system including circuitry, a first modulated signal of a first spectral segment directed to the mobile communication device, wherein the first modulated signal is in accordance with a signaling protocol. Step 1347 is performed by the system based on the signal processing of the first modulated signal and without altering the signaling protocol of the first modulated signal to generate a first modulated signal of the first spectral segment at a first carrier frequency Into a first modulated signal, wherein the first carrier frequency is outside the first spectral segment. Step 1348 is to transmit, by the system, instructions of the control channel instructing the network element of the distributed antenna system to convert the first modulated signal of the first carrier frequency to the first modulated signal of the first spectral segment . Step 1349 comprises transmitting, by the system, a reference signal with a first modulated signal of a first carrier frequency to a network element of the distributed antenna system, wherein the reference signal is a first modulated signal of a first spectral segment, Transforming a first modulated signal of a first carrier frequency to a first modulated signal of a first spectral segment to wirelessly distribute the signal to a mobile communication device, The reference signal is transmitted at the out-of-band frequency for the control channel.

In various embodiments, the control channel is transmitted at a frequency adjacent to the first modulated signal of the first carrier frequency and / or at a frequency adjacent to the reference signal. The first carrier frequency may be in the millimeter wave frequency band. The first modulated signal may be generated by modulating signals of a plurality of frequency channels in accordance with a signaling protocol for generating a first modulated signal of the first spectral segment. The signaling protocol may include a Long Term Evolution (LTE) wireless protocol or a fifth generation cellular communication protocol.

The step of converting by the system comprises the steps of up-converting the first modulated signal of the first spectral segment to a first modulated signal of the first carrier frequency, or upconverting the first modulated signal of the first spectral segment to a first modulated signal of the first carrier frequency And downconverting the first modulated signal into a first modulated signal. The step of converting by the network element further comprises the steps of downconverting the first modulated signal of the first carrier frequency to a first modulated signal of the first spectral segment or modulating the first modulated signal of the first carrier frequency into a first spectral segment To a first modulated signal of the first modulated signal.

The method may further comprise, by the system, receiving a second modulated signal of a second carrier frequency from a network element, wherein the mobile communication device generates a second modulated signal of the second spectral segment, Converts the second modulated signal of the second spectral segment to a second modulated signal of a second carrier frequency and transmits a second modulated signal of a second carrier frequency. The method comprising: converting, by the system, a second modulated signal of a second carrier frequency to a second modulated signal of a second spectral segment; And transmitting, by the system, a second modulated signal of the second spectral segment to the base station for processing.

The second spectral segment may be different from the first spectral segment, and the first carrier frequency may be different from the second carrier frequency. The system may be mounted on a first telephone pole, and the network element may be mounted on a second telephone pole.

For purposes of simplicity of explanation, each process is illustrated and described as a series of blocks in Figure 13d, but since some blocks may be performed in different orders and / or concurrently with other blocks than those illustrated and described herein , It is to be understood and appreciated that the claimed subject matter is not limited by the order of the blocks. Moreover, not all illustrated blocks may be necessary to implement the methods described herein.

Referring now to FIG. 13E, a flow diagram of an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of method 1350 is shown. Method 1350 may be used with one or more of the functions and features presented in connection with FIGS. 1-12. Step 1351 comprises receiving, by a network element of the distributed antenna system, a first modulated signal of a reference signal, a control channel and a first carrier frequency, wherein the first modulated signal is provided by a base station Wherein the instructions of the control channel are adapted to convert a first modulated signal of a first carrier frequency to a first modulated signal of a first spectral segment, the first communication data being directed to a mobile communication device, Element, and the reference signal is received at the out-of-band frequency for the control channel. Step 1352 is performed by the network element using the reference signal to reduce distortion based on the signal processing of the first modulated signal and during the transforming step according to the instructions, Converted signal into a first modulated signal of a first spectral segment. Step 1353 comprises wirelessly transmitting, by the network element, the first modulated signal of the first spectral segment to the mobile communication device.

In various embodiments, the control channel may be adjacent to and / or received at a frequency adjacent to the first modulated signal of the first carrier frequency.

For the sake of simplicity of the description, although each process is shown and described as a series of blocks in Figure 13E, some blocks may be performed in different orders and / or concurrently with other blocks as shown and described herein , It is to be understood and appreciated that the claimed subject matter is not limited by the order of the blocks. Moreover, not all illustrated blocks may be necessary to implement the methods described herein.

Referring now to FIG. 13F, a flow diagram of an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of method 1355 is shown. Method 1355 may be used with one or more of the features and features presented in connection with FIGS. 1-12. Step 1356 comprises receiving, by a system comprising a circuit, a first modulated signal of a first spectral segment directed to the mobile communication device, wherein the first modulated signal is in accordance with a signaling protocol. Step 1357 is performed by the system, based on the signal processing of the first modulated signal and without changing the signaling protocol of the first modulated signal, to convert the first modulated signal of the first spectral segment to a signal of the first carrier frequency Into a first modulated signal, wherein the first carrier frequency is outside the first spectral segment. Step 1358 is to transmit, by the system, commands of the control channel instructing the network element of the decentralized antenna system to convert the first modulated signal of the first carrier frequency to the first modulated signal of the first spectral segment . Step 1359 comprises transmitting, by the system, a reference signal with a first modulated signal of a first carrier frequency to a network element of the distributed antenna system, wherein the reference signal is a first modulated signal of a first spectral segment, Transforming a first modulated signal of a first carrier frequency to a first modulated signal of a first spectral segment for wireless distribution to a mobile communication device, the network element being capable of reducing phase error, The reference signal is transmitted at the in-band frequency for the control channel.

In various embodiments, the instructions are transmitted via modulation of the reference signal. The command can be transmitted as digital data through amplitude modulation of the reference signal. The first carrier frequency may be in the millimeter wave frequency band. The first modulated signal may be generated by modulating signals of a plurality of frequency channels in accordance with a signaling protocol for generating a first modulated signal of the first spectral segment. The signaling protocol may include a Long Term Evolution (LTE) wireless protocol or a fifth generation cellular communication protocol.

The step of converting by the system comprises the steps of up-converting the first modulated signal of the first spectral segment to a first modulated signal of the first carrier frequency, or upconverting the first modulated signal of the first spectral segment to a first modulated signal of the first carrier frequency And downconverting the first modulated signal into a first modulated signal. The step of converting by the network element further comprises the steps of downconverting the first modulated signal of the first carrier frequency to a first modulated signal of the first spectral segment or modulating the first modulated signal of the first carrier frequency into a first spectral segment To a first modulated signal of the first modulated signal.

The method may further comprise, by the system, receiving a second modulated signal of a second carrier frequency from a network element, wherein the mobile communication device generates a second modulated signal of the second spectral segment, Converts the second modulated signal of the second spectral segment to a second modulated signal of a second carrier frequency and transmits a second modulated signal of a second carrier frequency. The method comprising: converting, by the system, a second modulated signal of a second carrier frequency to a second modulated signal of a second spectral segment; And transmitting, by the system, a second modulated signal of the second spectral segment to the base station for processing.

The second spectral segment may be different from the first spectral segment, and the first carrier frequency may be different from the second carrier frequency. The system may be mounted on a first telephone pole, and the network element may be mounted on a second telephone pole.

For simplicity of explanation, although each method is shown and described as a series of blocks in Figure 13f, some blocks may be performed in a different order and / or concurrently with other blocks than those shown and described herein, It should be understood and appreciated that the invention is not limited by the order of the blocks. Also, not all illustrated blocks may be necessary to implement the method described herein.

Referring now to FIG. 13G, a flow diagram of an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of method 1360 is shown. Method 1360 may be used with one or more of the functions and features presented in connection with Figs. 1-12. Step 1361 comprises receiving, by a network element of the distributed antenna system, a first modulated signal of a reference signal, a control channel, and a first carrier frequency, wherein the first modulated signal is provided by a base station Wherein the command of the control channel comprises a first communication data directed to a mobile communication device and wherein the control channel command is adapted to convert a first modulated signal of a first carrier frequency to a first modulated signal of a first spectral segment, Element, and the reference signal is received at the in-band frequency for the control channel. Step 1362 includes transforming the first modulated signal of the first carrier frequency into a first modulated signal of the first spectral segment based on the command and the signal processing of the first modulated signal by the network element And using the reference signal to reduce distortion during the conversion. Step 1363 includes wirelessly transmitting, by the network element, the first modulated signal of the first spectral segment to the mobile communication device.

In various embodiments, the instructions are received as digital data through demodulation of the reference signal and / or amplitude demodulation of the reference signal.

For simplicity of explanation, although each method is shown and described as a series of blocks in Figure 13G, some blocks may be performed in a different order and / or concurrently with other blocks than those shown and described herein, It should be understood and appreciated that the invention is not limited by the order of the blocks. Also, not all illustrated blocks may be necessary to implement the method described herein.

Referring now to FIG. 13H, a flow diagram of an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of method 1365 is shown. The method 1365 may be used with one or more of the functions and features presented in connection with Figs. 1-12. Step 1366 includes receiving, by a system including circuitry, a first modulated signal of a first spectral segment directed to the mobile communication device, wherein the first modulated signal is in accordance with a signaling protocol. Step 1367 may be performed by the system without changing the signaling protocol of the first modulated signal and on the basis of the signal processing of the first modulated signal to transmit the first modulated signal of the first spectral segment to the first carrier frequency Into a first modulated signal of a first spectral segment, wherein the first carrier frequency is outside of the first spectral segment. Step 1368 includes transmitting, by the system, a command to the control channel to instruct the network element of the distributed antenna system to convert the first modulated signal of the first carrier frequency to a first modulated signal of the first spectral segment . Step 1369 includes transmitting, by the system, a clock signal with a first modulated signal of a first carrier frequency to a network element of the distributed antenna system, wherein the clock signal restores the command from the control channel To synchronize the timing of the digital control channel processing of the network element.

In various embodiments, the method further comprises transmitting, by the system, a reference signal with a first modulated signal of a first carrier frequency to a network element of the distributed antenna system, wherein the reference signal comprises a first spectral segment of the first spectral segment In order to wirelessly distribute the first modulated signal to the mobile communication device, when the first modulated signal of the first carrier frequency is retransformed to the first modulated signal of the first spectral segment, the network element may reduce the phase error . The command may be transmitted as digital data via the control channel.

In various embodiments, the first carrier frequency may be in the millimeter wave frequency band. The first modulated signal may be generated by modulating signals of the plurality of frequency channels in accordance with a signaling protocol to generate a first modulated signal of the first spectral segment. The signaling protocol may include a Long Term Evolution (LTE) wireless protocol or a fifth generation cellular communication protocol.

The step of converting by the system comprises the steps of up-converting the first modulated signal of the first spectral segment to a first modulated signal of the first carrier frequency, or converting the first modulated signal of the first spectral segment to a first carrier frequency Downconverted to a first modulated signal of the first modulated signal. The step of converting by the network element comprises the steps of downconverting the first modulated signal of the first carrier frequency to a first modulated signal of the first spectral segment or converting the first modulated signal of the first carrier frequency into a first spectrum And upconverting the first modulated signal of the segment to a first modulated signal of the segment.

The method may further comprise, by the system, receiving a second modulated signal of a second carrier frequency from the network element, wherein the mobile communication device generates a second modulated signal of the second spectral segment, Converts the second modulated signal of the second spectral segment to a second modulated signal of the second carrier frequency and transmits a second modulated signal of the second carrier frequency. The method includes converting, by the system, a second modulated signal of a second carrier frequency to a second modulated signal of a second spectral segment; And transmitting, by the system, a second modulated signal of the second spectral segment to the base station for processing.

The second spectral segment may be different from the first spectral segment, and the first carrier frequency may be different from the second carrier frequency. The system may be mounted on a first telephone pole, and the network element may be mounted on a second telephone pole.

For simplicity of the description, although each method is shown and described as a series of blocks in Figure 13H, some blocks may be performed in a different order and / or concurrently with other blocks than those shown and described herein, It should be understood and appreciated that the invention is not limited by the order of the blocks. Also, not all illustrated blocks may be necessary to implement the method described herein.

Referring now to FIG. 13i, a flow diagram of an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of method 1370 is shown. Method 1370 may be used with one or more of the functions and features presented in connection with FIGS. 1-12. Step 1371 includes receiving, by a network element of the distributed antenna system, a clock signal, a control channel, and a first modulated signal at a first carrier frequency, wherein the first modulated signal is provided by a base station Wherein the clock signal synchronizes the timing of the digital control channel processing by the network element to recover the command from the control channel, and the command of the control channel includes a first carrier frequency To the first modulated signal of the first spectral segment, to the network element of the distributed antenna system. Step 1372 includes transforming the first modulated signal of the first carrier frequency into a first modulated signal of the first spectral segment based on the command and the signal processing of the first modulated signal, . Step 1373 includes wirelessly transmitting, by the network element, the first modulated signal of the first spectral segment to the mobile communication device. In various embodiments, the instructions are received as digital data over a control channel.

For simplicity of the description, although each method is shown and described as a series of blocks in Figure 13i, some blocks may be performed in a different order and / or concurrently with other blocks than those shown and described herein, It should be understood and appreciated that the invention is not limited by the order of the blocks. Also, not all illustrated blocks may be necessary to implement the method described herein.

Referring now to FIG. 13J, a flow diagram of an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of method 1375 is shown. Method 1375 may be used with one or more of the functions and features presented in connection with FIGS. 1-12. Step 1376 comprises receiving, by a system comprising circuitry, a first modulated signal of a first spectral segment directed to a mobile communication device, wherein the first modulated signal is in accordance with a signaling protocol. Step 1377 may be performed by the system without changing the signaling protocol of the first modulated signal and on the basis of the signal processing of the first modulated signal to transmit the first modulated signal of the first spectral segment to the first carrier frequency Into a first modulated signal of a first spectral segment, wherein the first carrier frequency is outside of the first spectral segment. Step 1378 is directed by the system to send a command to the network element of the decentralized antenna system to convert the first modulated signal of the first carrier frequency into a first modulated signal of the first spectral segment, And transmitting. Step 1379 includes transmitting, by the system, a reference signal with a first modulated signal at a first carrier frequency to a network element of the distributed antenna system, wherein the reference signal is a first modulated signal of a first spectral segment, Converts the first modulated signal of the first carrier frequency to a first modulated signal of the first spectral segment to wirelessly distribute the signal to the mobile communication device.

In various embodiments, the first reference signal is transmitted with an in-band frequency for the UWB control channel. The method may further comprise receiving control channel data from a network element of the distributed antenna system over an UWB control channel, the control channel data including status information indicating a network status of the network element, , Or environmental measurement values indicating environmental conditions near the network elements. The command may further include channel spacing, guard frequency band parameters, uplink / downlink allocation, or uplink channel selection.

The first modulated signal may be generated by modulating signals of the plurality of frequency channels in accordance with a signaling protocol to generate a first modulated signal of the first spectral segment. The signaling protocol may include a Long Term Evolution (LTE) wireless protocol or a fifth generation cellular communication protocol.

The step of converting by the system comprises the steps of up-converting the first modulated signal of the first spectral segment to a first modulated signal of the first carrier frequency, or converting the first modulated signal of the first spectral segment to a first carrier frequency Downconverted to a first modulated signal of the first modulated signal. The step of converting by the network element comprises the steps of downconverting the first modulated signal of the first carrier frequency to a first modulated signal of the first spectral segment or converting the first modulated signal of the first carrier frequency into a first spectrum And upconverting the first modulated signal of the segment to a first modulated signal of the segment.

The method may further comprise, by the system, receiving a second modulated signal of a second carrier frequency from the network element, wherein the mobile communication device generates a second modulated signal of the second spectral segment, Converts the second modulated signal of the second spectral segment to a second modulated signal of the second carrier frequency and transmits a second modulated signal of the second carrier frequency. The method includes converting, by the system, a second modulated signal of a second carrier frequency to a second modulated signal of a second spectral segment; And transmitting, by the system, a second modulated signal of the second spectral segment to the base station for processing.

The second spectral segment may be different from the first spectral segment, and the first carrier frequency may be different from the second carrier frequency. The system may be mounted on a first telephone pole, and the network element may be mounted on a second telephone pole.

For the sake of simplicity of the description, although each process is shown and described as a series of blocks in Figure 13J, some blocks may be performed in different orders and / or concurrently with other blocks as shown and described herein , It is to be understood and appreciated that the claimed subject matter is not limited by the order of the blocks. Moreover, not all illustrated blocks may be necessary to implement the methods described herein.

Referring now to FIG. 13K, a flow diagram of an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of method 1380 is shown. Method 1380 may be used with one or more of the functions and features presented in connection with FIGS. 1-12. Step 1381 comprises receiving, by a network element of the distributed antenna system, a first modulated signal of a reference signal, an UWB control channel and a first carrier frequency, wherein the first modulated signal is received by a base station Wherein the instructions of the UWB control channel include first communication data that is provided and directed to the mobile communication device, wherein instructions of the UWB control channel are transmitted to the mobile communication device via a dispersive antenna to convert the first modulated signal of the first carrier frequency into a first modulated signal of the first spectral segment. To the network element of the system, and the reference signal is received at the in-band frequency for the control channel. Step 1382 is performed by the network element using the reference signal to reduce distortion based on the signal processing of the first modulated signal and during the transforming step according to the instructions, Converted signal into a first modulated signal of a first spectral segment. Step 1383 includes wirelessly transmitting, by the network element, the first modulated signal of the first spectral segment to the mobile communication device.

In various embodiments, the first reference signal is received at an in-band frequency for the UWB control channel. The method includes receiving from the network element of the distributed antenna system over the UWB control channel status information indicating network status of the network element, network device information indicating device information of the network element, And transmitting the control channel data including the control channel data. The instructions may further comprise channel spacing, guard frequency band parameters, uplink / downlink allocation or uplink channel selection.

For purposes of simplicity of explanation, although each process is illustrated and described as a series of blocks in Figure 13K, some blocks may be performed in different orders and / or concurrently with other blocks than those illustrated and described herein, It should be understood and appreciated that the claimed subject matter is not limited by the order of the blocks. Moreover, not all illustrated blocks may be necessary to implement the methods described herein.

As used herein, terms such as "storage", "storage device", "data storage", "data storage device", "database" and substantially any other information storage component related to the operation and functioning of the components, Memory elements " or " memory " or memory. The memory components described herein may be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or may include non-volatile memory such as volatile memory, non-volatile memory, disk storage, and memory storage devices, and non- It can include everything. The non-volatile memory may also be included in a read only memory (ROM), a programmable ROM (PROM), an electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), an electrically erasable ROM (EEPROM), or a flash memory. The volatile memory may include a random access memory (RAM) that operates as an external cache memory. The RAM may be a synchronous RAM (SRAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), a double speed SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), an enhanced SDDRAM (ESDRAM), a Synchlink DRAM SLDRAM) and Direct Rambus RAM (DRRAM). Additionally, the disclosed memory components of systems or methods herein are intended to encompass but not be limited to these and any other suitable forms of memory.

Moreover, it is to be understood that the disclosed subject matter is not limited to single-processor or multi-processor computer systems, mini-computing devices, mainframe computers as well as personal computers, hand-held computing (e.g., PDAs, Computer-based or programmable consumer or industrial electronics, and the like, which may be implemented in any computer system, including, but not limited to, computers, telephones, watches, tablet computers, netbook computers, The depicted aspects may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network; However, some aspects of the present disclosure may be implemented in stand-alone computers. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote memory storage devices.

The embodiments described herein may also use artificial intelligence (AI) to enable automating one or more features described herein. Embodiments (e.g., in connection with automatically identifying acquired cell points that provide maximum value / benefit after being added to an existing communication network) may use various AI-based schemes to perform various embodiments thereof . Moreover, a classifier may be used to determine the ranking or priority of each cell point in the acquired network. The classifier is a function that maps the input attribute vector x = (x1, x2, x3, x4, ..., xn) to the confidence that the input belongs to the class, that is, f (x) = reliability (class). This classification may use probabilistic and / or statistical based analysis (e.g., factoring analysis utilities and costs) to predict or infer an action that the user desires to be performed automatically. A support vector machine (SVM) is an example of a classifier that can be used. The SVM works by finding the hypersurface in the space of possible inputs where the hypersurface attempts to divide the triggering references from the non-triggering events. Intuitively, this performs a classification correction on test data that is close to but not identical to the training data. Other directional and non-directional model classification approaches include, for example, Naïve Bayes, Bayesian networks, decision trees, neural networks, fuzzy logic models, and stochastic classification models that provide different independent patterns that can be used . The classification used here also includes the statistical regression used to develop the priority model.

As will be readily appreciated, one or more embodiments may be used not only explicitly trained (e.g., via general training data) (e.g., observing UE behavior, operator preferences, historical information, external information, etc.) (By doing so). For example, the SVMs may be configured through a learning or training step within the classifier generator and feature selection module. Thus, the classifier (s) may be used to automatically learn and perform a number of functions, wherein the plurality of functions may be used to determine which of the acquired cell points is a benefit to the maximum number of subscribers and / Based on predetermined criteria of whether to add a minimum value to existing communication network coverage, etc., but is not limited thereto.

As used in some contexts of the present application, in some embodiments, the terms "component", "system" refer to an entity associated with a computer-related entity, which may be one, or an operating device having one or more specific functions Or the like, and the entity may be any combination of hardware, hardware and software, software, or software in execution. By way of example, an element may be, but is not limited to, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable execution thread, computer executable instructions, a program, and / or a computer. To illustrate without limitation, both the application running on the server and the server may be components. One or more components may reside within a process and / or thread of execution, and the components may be localized on one computer and / or distributed between two or more computers. In addition, these components may execute from various computer readable media having various data structures stored thereon. The components may include, for example, one or more data packets (e.g., from one component interacting with another component via a network, such as the Internet and other systems via a local system, distributed system, and / Lt; / RTI > and / or remote processes, depending on the signal having the data). As another example, a component may be a device having a specific function provided by mechanical parts operated by an electrical or electronic circuit operated by software or a firmware application executed by a processor, And may execute at least a portion of the software or firmware application. As another example, a component may be a device that provides a specific function through electronic components without mechanical parts, and the electronic components may include software to perform the functions of the electronic components, at least in part, A processor may be included. Although the various components are shown as separate components, it will be understood that many components may be implemented as a single component or a single component may be implemented as a plurality of components without departing from the exemplary embodiment.

In addition, various embodiments can be implemented as a method, apparatus, or article of manufacture using standard programming and / or engineering techniques to create software, firmware, hardware or any combination thereof to control the computer to implement the disclosed subject matter . The term " article of manufacture " as used herein is intended to encompass a computer program accessible from any computer-readable device or computer-readable storage / communication medium. For example, the computer readable storage medium can be any type of storage medium such as magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic strips), optical disks (e.g., compact disk (CD), digital versatile disk , Smart cards, and flash memory devices (e.g., card, stick, key drive). Of course, those skilled in the art will appreciate that many modifications may be made to this configuration without departing from the scope or spirit of the various embodiments.

In addition, the words " exemplary " and " exemplary " are used herein to mean either serving as an example or instance. Any embodiment or design described herein as " exemplary " or " exemplary " is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or designs. Rather, the use of the word " example " is intended to present concepts in a specific manner. As used in this application, the term "or" is intended to mean "exclusive" or "rather than" or ". That is, unless otherwise stated or contextually clear, it is intended that the term " X uses A or B " is intended to mean any reasonable inclusive substitutions. That is, when X uses A; X uses B; Or if X uses both A and B, " X uses A or B " is satisfied in any of the preceding cases. Furthermore, the singular forms used in this application and the appended claims should be interpreted to generally mean " one or more ", unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

Furthermore, the terms "user equipment", "mobile station", "mobile", "subscriber base station", "access terminal", "terminal", "handset", "mobile device" The terms may refer to a wireless device used by a subscriber or user of a wireless communication service to receive or transmit data, control, voice, video, sound, game or substantially any data-stream or signaling-stream. The foregoing terms are used interchangeably with reference to the present specification and the associated drawings.

Also, the terms " user ", " subscriber ", " customer ", " consumer ", and the like are used interchangeably as a whole unless the context guarantees certain distinctions between terms. These terms may refer to human entities or automated components supported through artificial intelligence (e.g., the ability to make inferences based on at least complex mathematical formalisms), which may include simulated visuals, sound recognition, etc. .

As used herein, the term " processor " Single-core processors; Single processors with software multi-threaded execution; A multi-core processor; Multi-core processors with software multi-threaded execution capability; Multi-core processors by hardware multi-thread technology; Parallel platforms; And parallel platforms with distributed shared memory. ≪ RTI ID = 0.0 > [0033] < / RTI > Additionally, the processor may be implemented as an integrated circuit, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a digital signal processor (DSP), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic controller A programmable logic controller (PLC), a complex programmable logic device (CPLD), discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. Processors may utilize nano-scale architectures, such as, but not limited to, molecular and quantum dot based transistors, switches and gates to optimize space usage or improve the performance of user equipment. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing processing devices.

As used herein, terms such as " data storage device ", " database ", and substantially any other information storage component related to the operation and functionality of the component may be embodied in a " memory component " Referenced entities, or memory. It will be appreciated that the memory components or computer-readable storage medium described herein may be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory.

The memory disclosed herein may include volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, non-volatile memory may include read only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable PROM (EEPROM) . The volatile memory may include a random access memory (RAM) that functions as an external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM may be implemented as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double speed SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), sinklink DRAM And is available in many forms such as Rambus RAM (DRRAM). An embodiment memory (e.g., a data storage device, a database) is intended to include but is not limited to such memories and any other suitable type of memory.

What has been described above includes only embodiments of various embodiments. Of course, it is not possible to describe every derivable combination of components or methods for purposes of describing such an embodiment, but one of ordinary skill in the art may recognize that many additional combinations and permutations of this embodiment are possible. Accordingly, the embodiments disclosed and / or claimed herein are intended to embrace all such alterations, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Also, to the extent that the term " includes " is used in either the detailed description or the claims, such term is intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term " comprising "quot; comprising " are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term " comprising ".

Claims (20)

As a system,
A communication circuit for enabling operation,
The operation includes:
Receiving a plurality of signals modulated in accordance with a plurality of signaling protocols and operating in a plurality of cellular bands;
Frequency shifting the plurality of signals without modifying the plurality of signaling protocols by mixing a plurality of carrier signals with the plurality of signals to produce a plurality of frequency-shifted signals;
Combining the plurality of frequency-shifted signals with at least one reference signal;
Generating a transmission based on the plurality of frequency-shifted signals and the at least one reference signal; And
Wirelessly directing the transmission to a first remote antenna system of a distributed antenna system,
Wherein the at least one reference signal is used to convert the first frequency-shifted signal of the plurality of frequency-shifted signals to a first signal of the plurality of signals of the first cellular band of the plurality of cellular bands, 1 remote antenna system to reduce signal distortion,
system. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the plurality of signals are provided by a plurality of base station devices. The method according to claim 1,
Each of the plurality of signaling protocols being different from one another. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the signal distortion comprises phase distortion. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein said combining further comprises combining said plurality of frequency-shifted signals with said at least one reference signal and a control channel, said control channel coupling said first frequency-shifted signal to said first cellular- And to instruct the first remote antenna system to re-convert the first signal of the band into the first signal. 6. The method of claim 5,
Wherein the at least one reference signal is modulated with the command of the control channel. 6. The method of claim 5,
Wherein the at least one reference signal is modulated with a clock signal to enable the first remote antenna system to receive the command of the control channel. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the first signal follows a first signaling protocol of the plurality of signaling protocols and the first signaling protocol comprises a Long Term Evolution (LTE) wireless protocol or a fifth generation cellular communication protocol. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein each carrier signal of the plurality of carrier signals is used to frequency shift a corresponding one of the plurality of signals to a corresponding frequency channel of at least one downlink spectral segment. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein said frequency shifting comprises up-converting said plurality of signals to said plurality of frequency-shifted signals. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the reconversion by the first remote antenna system comprises downconverting the first frequency-shifted signal to the first signal of the first cellular band. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein said frequency shifting comprises downconverting said plurality of signals to said plurality of frequency-shifted signals. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the re-conversion by the first remote antenna system comprises up-converting the first frequency-shifted signal to the first signal of the first cellular band. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein receiving the plurality of signals comprises initially receiving the first signal of a second cellular band different than the first cellular band, wherein the first remote antenna system is configured to receive the first signal of the first cellular band, 1 < / RTI > signal to a communication device. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the first remote antenna system enables retransmitting at least a portion of the at least one reference signal and at least a portion of the plurality of frequency-displaced signals to a second remote antenna system, wherein at least a portion of the at least one reference signal At least a portion of the plurality of frequency-displaced signals is transmitted as a second signal of the plurality of signals in the second cellular band of the plurality of cellular bands for wirelessly communicating a second frequency-displaced signal of the at least a portion of the plurality of frequency- Wherein the second remote antenna system is capable of reducing signal distortion when reconverting. As a method,
Receiving, by a circuit, a plurality of signals modulated in accordance with a plurality of signaling protocols and operating in a plurality of frequency bands;
Frequency shifting the plurality of signals by modifying the plurality of signaling protocols by modifying the plurality of signaling protocols by mixing the plurality of carrier signals with the plurality of signals to produce a plurality of frequency-displaced signals;
Coupling the plurality of frequency-displaced signals with at least one reference signal to produce a combined signal; And
And generating, by the circuitry, a wireless transmission based on the combined signal,
Wherein the at least one reference signal is used for re-converting the frequency-shifted signal of the plurality of frequency-shifted signals into the signals of the plurality of signals in the first frequency band of the plurality of frequency bands, A remote antenna system, which allows for reducing signal distortion,
Way. 17. The method of claim 16,
Wherein the plurality of signals are provided by at least one base station device and wherein the at least one base station device provides the signal of the plurality of signals in a second frequency band different than the first frequency band. 18. The method of claim 17,
Wherein the wireless transmission further comprises a control channel comprising instructions for instructing the remote antenna system to retransfer the frequency-shifted signal to the signal of the first frequency band for wireless transmission to a communication device . A first system of a distributed antenna system,
Antenna system; And
A communication circuit for enabling operation,
The operation includes:
Wirelessly receiving, by the antenna system, at least one reference signal and a plurality of frequency-displaced signals from a second system of the distributed antenna system, the second system comprising a plurality To a frequency-shifted signal without changing the plurality of signaling protocols used to modulate the plurality of signals; < RTI ID = 0.0 > - < / RTI >
A plurality of frequency-shifted signals of the plurality of frequency-displaced signals to wirelessly transmit the first frequency-shifted signals to the first communication device using the at least one reference signal to reduce signal distortion during frequency shifting; Frequency-shifting the first signal of the plurality of signals in the first frequency band of the band; And
The method further comprises retransmitting, by the antenna system, at least a portion of the at least one reference signal and at least a portion of the plurality of frequency-displaced signals to a third system of the distributed antenna system,
Wherein the at least a portion of the at least one reference signal comprises a second frequency-shifted signal of the plurality of frequency-shifted signals to a second communication device, Transforming the second signal into a second signal of the plurality of signals in a band,
A first system of a distributed antenna system. 20. The method of claim 19,
The method of claim 1, wherein wirelessly receiving the plurality of frequency-displaced signals comprises receiving the at least a portion of the at least one reference signal and the at least a portion of the plurality of frequency- Further comprising receiving a control channel that includes an instruction to the system.

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