KR20180132602A - Liquid crystal composition and liquid crystal display element - Google Patents

Abstract

식(1)에 있어서, 환 A 및 환 C는 독립적으로, 시클로헥실, 페닐 등이며; 환 B는, 1,4-시클로헥실렌, 1,4-페닐렌 등이며; Z¹ 및 Z²는, 단결합 등이며; Sp¹, Sp², 및 Sp³는 독립적으로, 단결합, 탄소수 1∼10의 알킬렌 등이며; P¹, P², 및 P³는 독립적으로, 중합성기이며; a는, 0∼3이며, b, c, 및 d는 독립적으로, 0∼4이며, 그리고 b, c, 및 d의 합은, 2 이상이다.A liquid crystal composition capable of achieving vertical alignment of liquid crystal molecules by the action of a polymer, and a liquid crystal display element containing the composition. A nematic liquid crystal composition containing as a first additive at least one compound selected from the group of polar compounds represented by the formula (1) and having a negative (-) dielectric anisotropy, and a liquid crystal display element containing the composition .

In Formula (1), Ring A and Ring C are independently cyclohexyl, phenyl and the like; Ring B is 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene and the like; Z ¹ and Z ² are a single bond or the like; Sp ¹ , Sp ² , and Sp ³ are independently a single bond, an alkylene having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or the like; P ¹ , P ² , and P ³ are independently a polymerizable group; a is 0 to 3, b, c, and d are independently 0 to 4, and the sum of b, c, and d is 2 or more.

Description

Liquid crystal composition and liquid crystal display element

The present invention relates to a liquid crystal composition having negative (-) dielectric anisotropy, a liquid crystal display element containing the composition, and the like. In particular, the present invention relates to a liquid crystal composition containing a polar compound having a polymerizable group (or a polymer thereof) and capable of achieving vertical alignment of liquid crystal molecules by the action of the compound, and a liquid crystal display device.

In the liquid crystal display device, the classification based on the operation mode of the liquid crystal molecules is classified into a phase change, a twisted nematic (TN), a super twisted nematic (STN), an electrically controlled birefringence (ECB), an optically compensated bend (in-plane switching), vertical alignment (VA), fringe field switching (FFS), and field-induced photo-reactive alignment (FPA). The classification based on the driving method of the device is PM (passive matrix) and AM (active matrix). PM is classified into static and multiplex, and AM is classified into thin film transistor (TFT), metal insulator metal (MIM), and the like. TFTs are classified as amorphous silicon and polycrystal silicon. The latter are classified into a high temperature type and a low temperature type by a manufacturing process. The classification based on the light source is a reflection type using natural light, a transmission type using a backlight, and a semi-transmission type using both natural light and backlight.

The liquid crystal display element contains a liquid crystal composition having a nematic phase. This composition has suitable properties. By improving the characteristics of this composition, an AM device having good characteristics can be obtained. Relationships in these properties are summarized in Table 1 below. The properties of the composition are further described based on commercially available AM devices. The temperature range of the nematic phase is related to the temperature range in which the device can be used. The preferred upper limit temperature on the nematic phase is at least about 70 캜, and the preferred lower limit temperature at the nematic phase is about -10 캜 or lower. The viscosity of the composition is related to the response time of the device. A short response time is desirable to display moving images with the device. A response time shorter than 1 millisecond is desirable. Thus, a small viscosity in the composition is preferred. Small viscosity at low temperature is more preferred.

[Table 1] Composition characteristics and characteristics of AM device

The optical anisotropy of the composition is related to the contrast ratio of the device. Depending on the mode of the device, a large optical anisotropy or a small optical anisotropy, i.e. a proper optical anisotropy, is required. The product (? N x d) of the optical anisotropy (? N) of the composition and the cell gap (d) of the device is designed to maximize the contrast ratio. The appropriate value of the product depends on the type of operation mode. This value is in the range of about 0.30 mu m to about 0.40 mu m for the VA mode device and about 0.20 mu m to about 0.30 mu m for the IPS mode or FFS mode device. In these cases, a composition having a large optical anisotropy is preferable for a device having a small cell gap. The large dielectric anisotropy in the composition contributes to a low threshold voltage in the device, low power consumption and a large contrast ratio. Therefore, a large dielectric anisotropy is preferable. The large resistivity in the composition contributes to a large voltage holding ratio and a large contrast ratio in the device. Therefore, a composition having a large resistivity in the initial stage is preferable. After long use, a composition having a large specific resistance is preferable. The stability of the composition against ultraviolet light or heat is related to the lifetime of the device. When the stability is high, the lifetime of the device is long. Such characteristics are preferable for an AM device used for a liquid crystal projector, a liquid crystal TV, and the like.

In a general-purpose liquid crystal display element, vertical alignment of liquid crystal molecules is achieved by a specific polyimide alignment film. In a polymer sustained alignment (PSA) type liquid crystal display device, a polymer is combined with an alignment film. First, a composition to which a small amount of a polymerizable compound is added is injected into the device. Next, the composition is irradiated with ultraviolet rays while a voltage is applied between the substrates of the device. The polymerizable compound is polymerized to produce a net structure of the polymer in the composition. In this composition, since the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules can be controlled by the polymer, the response time of the device is shortened and the burning of the image is improved. This effect of the polymer can be expected for devices with modes such as TN, ECB, OCB, IPS, VA, FFS and FPA.

On the other hand, in a liquid crystal display device having no alignment film, a liquid crystal composition containing a polymer and a polar compound having no polymerizable group is used (Patent Literatures 1 to 5). First, a composition containing a small amount of a polymerizable compound and a small amount of a polar compound is injected into the device. Here, the polar compound is adsorbed on the surface of the substrate and arranged. According to this arrangement, liquid crystal molecules are aligned. Next, the composition is irradiated with ultraviolet rays while a voltage is applied between the substrates of the device. Here, the polymerizable compound is polymerized to stabilize the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules. In this composition, since the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules can be controlled by the polymer and the polar compound, the response time of the device is shortened and the burning of the image is improved. Further, in a device having no alignment film, a step of forming an alignment film is unnecessary. Since there is no alignment film, the electrical resistance of the device is not lowered by the interaction between the alignment film and the composition. Such an effect by the combination of the polymer and the polar compound can be expected for a device having a mode such as TN, ECB, OCB, IPS, VA, FFS and FPA.

In an AM device having a TN mode, a composition having positive (+) dielectric anisotropy can be used. In an AM device having a VA mode, a composition having negative dielectric anisotropy can be used. In an AM element having an IPS mode or an FFS mode, a composition having a positive or negative dielectric constant anisotropy may be used. In a polymer supporting orientation type AM device, a composition having a positive or negative dielectric constant anisotropy may be used. Examples of liquid crystal compositions having a negative dielectric anisotropy are disclosed in the following patent documents 1 to 6. In the present invention, instead of the polymerizable compound and the polar compound, a polar compound having a polymerizable group is combined with a liquid crystal compound, and this composition is used in a liquid crystal display device having no alignment film.

International Publication No. 2014/090362 pamphlet International Publication No. 2014/094959 pamphlet International Publication No. 2013/004372 pamphlet International publication number 2012/104008 brochure International publication number 2012/038026 pamphlet Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 50-35076

One object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal composition containing a polar compound having a polymerizable group (or a polymer thereof), wherein the polar compound has high compatibility with the liquid crystal compound. Another object is to provide a liquid crystal composition capable of achieving vertical alignment of liquid crystal molecules by the action of a polymer produced from the polar compound. Another object of the present invention is to provide a resin composition which is at least one of properties such as a high upper temperature limit on a nematic phase, a low lower limit temperature on a nematic phase, a small viscosity, a proper optical anisotropy, a negative large anisotropy, a large specific resistance, a high stability against ultraviolet rays, Of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition. Another object is to provide a liquid crystal composition having an appropriate balance between at least two of these properties. Another object is to provide a liquid crystal display element containing such a composition. Another object is to provide an AM device having characteristics such as a short response time, a large voltage holding ratio, a low threshold voltage, a large contrast ratio, and a long lifetime.

The present invention relates to a liquid crystal composition containing as a first additive at least one compound selected from the group of polar compounds represented by the formula (1) and having a negative dielectric anisotropy, and a liquid crystal display element containing the composition will be.

In formula (1), ring A and ring C are independently selected from the group consisting of cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, tetrahydropyran- Wherein at least one hydrogen in the ring is selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy of 2 to 2 carbon atoms, Alkenyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with fluorine or chlorine, or alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with fluorine or chlorine; The ring B is at least one member selected from the group consisting of 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-cyclohexenylene, 1,4-phenylene, naphthalene-1,2-diyl, naphthalene- Naphthalene-1,6-diyl, naphthalene-1,7-diyl, naphthalene-1,8-diyl, naphthalene-2,3-diyl, naphthalene- Naphthalene-2,7-diyl, tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl or pyridine- In these rings, at least one hydrogen is selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, Or an alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with fluorine or chlorine; Z ¹ and Z ² are independently a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and in this alkylene, at least one -CH ₂ - represents -O-, -CO-, -COO-, or - OCO-, and at least one -CH ₂ CH ₂ - can be replaced by -CH═CH-, -C (CH ₃ ) ═CH-, -CH═C (CH ₃ ) -, or -C CH ₃ ) = C (CH ₃ ) -, in which at least one hydrogen may be substituted with fluorine or chlorine; a is 0, 1, 2, or 3; b, c, and d are independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, and the sum of b, c, and d is 2 or greater; Sp ¹ , Sp ² , and Sp ³ are each independently a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and at least one -CH ₂ - in the alkylene is -O-, -COO-, -OCO -, or -OCOO-, and at least one -CH ₂ CH ₂ - may be replaced by -CH═CH- or -C≡C-, and in these groups, at least one hydrogen may be replaced by , Fluorine or chlorine; P ¹ , P ² , and P ³ are independently a polymerizable group represented by formula (PA)

In the formula (PA), Sp ⁴ represents a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, and at least one -CH ₂ - in the alkylene is -O-, -COO-, or -OCO- , And at least one -CH ₂ CH ₂ - may be substituted with -CH = CH-, in which at least one hydrogen may be substituted with fluorine; R ¹ is a group represented by -OH, -OR ⁰ , -NH ₂ , -NHR ⁰ , or -N (R ⁰ ) ₂ , wherein R ⁰ is hydrogen or alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms; M ⁴ and M ⁵ are independently hydrogen, fluorine, alkyl of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or alkyl of 1 to 5 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen is substituted by fluorine or chlorine.

One advantage of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal composition containing a polar compound having a polymerizable group (or a polymer thereof), wherein the polar compound has high compatibility with the liquid crystalline compound. Another advantage is to provide a liquid crystal composition capable of achieving vertical alignment of liquid crystal molecules by the action of a polymer generated from the polar compound. Another advantage is that at least one of the properties such as a high upper temperature limit on a nematic phase, a lower lower limit temperature on a nematic phase, a lower viscosity, a proper optical anisotropy, a higher negative dielectric anisotropy, a higher specific resistance, a higher stability against ultraviolet rays, Of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition. Another advantage is to provide a liquid crystal composition having an appropriate balance between at least two of these properties. Another advantage is to provide a liquid crystal display element containing such a composition. Another advantage is to provide an AM device having characteristics such as a short response time, a large voltage holding ratio, a low threshold voltage, a large contrast ratio, and a long lifetime.

Usage of the terms in this specification is as follows. Liquid crystal composition " and " liquid crystal display element " are abbreviated as " composition " &Quot; Liquid crystal display element " is a general term for a liquid crystal display panel and a liquid crystal display module. The term " liquid crystalline compound " means a compound having no liquid crystal phase such as a nematic phase or a smectic phase, and a compound which is mixed with the composition for the purpose of controlling properties such as temperature range, viscosity and dielectric anisotropy in a nematic phase It is generic. This compound has, for example, a six-membered ring such as 1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-phenylene, and the molecular structure thereof is rod-like. The "polymerizable compound" is a compound added for the purpose of producing a polymer in a composition. The liquid crystalline compound having an alkenyl is not polymerizable in this sense.

The liquid crystal composition is prepared by mixing a plurality of liquid crystal compounds. Additives such as an optically active compound, an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber, a dye, a defoamer, a polymerizable compound, a polymerization initiator, a polymerization inhibitor and a polar compound are added to the liquid crystal composition as needed. The content (content) of the liquid crystalline compound is expressed as a weight percentage (% by weight) based on the weight of the liquid crystal composition containing no additive even when the additive is added. The proportion of the additive (addition amount) is expressed as a weight percentage (% by weight) based on the weight of the liquid crystal composition containing no additive. Percent by weight (ppm) may be used. The proportion of the polymerization initiator and the polymerization inhibitor is exceptionally expressed based on the weight of the polymerizable compound.

Quot; the upper limit temperature of the nematic phase " is abbreviated as the " upper limit temperature ".Quot; lower limit temperature of the nematic phase " may be abbreviated as " lower limit temperature ". &Quot; Large resistivity " means that the composition has a large resistivity in the initial stage, and has a large resistivity after prolonged use. "The voltage holding ratio is high" means that the device has a large voltage holding ratio not only at room temperature but also at an upper limit temperature in the initial stage, and has a large voltage holding ratio at a temperature close to the upper limit temperature as well as at room temperature after prolonged use it means. In the case of a composition or an element, the characteristics may be examined before and after the time-varying test (including the accelerated deterioration test). The expression " enhancing the dielectric anisotropy " means that when the composition has a positive dielectric anisotropy, the value increases in positive, and when the composition has negative dielectric anisotropy, the value increases negatively.

The compound represented by formula (1) may be abbreviated as " compound (1) ". At least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formula (1) may be abbreviated as " compound (1) ". "Compound (1)" means one compound represented by formula (1), a mixture of two compounds, or a mixture of three or more compounds. The same applies to compounds represented by other formulas. The expression " at least one 'A' 'means that the number of' A 'is arbitrary. The expression " at least one 'A' may be replaced with 'B' is arbitrary when the number of 'A' is 1, the position of 'A' is arbitrary, and when the number of 'A' Their positions can be selected without restriction. This rule also applies to the expression "at least one 'A' is replaced with" B ".

The expression "at least one -CH ₂ - may be substituted with -O-" is used herein. In this case, -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -CH ₂ - may be converted to -O-CH ₂ -O- by substituting -CH ₂ - not adjacent to -O-. However, the adjacent -CH ₂ - is not substituted with -O-. This substitution produces -OO-CH ₂ - (peroxide). That is, this expression means both of "one -CH ₂ - may be substituted with -O-" and "at least two non-adjacent -CH ₂ - may be replaced with -O-" . This rule applies not only to substitution with -O-, but also to substitution with a divalent group such as -CH = CH- or -COO-.

In the formulas of the component compounds, the symbols of the terminal group R 2 are used in a plurality of compounds. In these compounds, two groups represented by any two R 2 may be the same or different. For example, there is a case where R2 of the compound (1-1) is ethyl and R2 of the compound (1-2) is ethyl. R2 of the compound (1-1) is ethyl and R2 of the compound (1-2) is a propyl case. This rule is also applied to symbols such as other end groups. In the formula (1), when the subscript 'a' is 2, two rings B exist. In this compound, two groups represented by two rings B may be the same or different. This rule applies to any two rings B when the subscript 'a' is greater than two. This rule also applies to other symbols.

The symbols A, B, C, and D surrounding the hexagon correspond to the rings of ring A, ring B, ring C, ring D, and the like, and represent rings such as 6-membered rings and condensed rings. The oblique line across one side of the hexagonal indicates that any hydrogen on the ring may be replaced with a group such as -Sp1-P1. Subscripts such as 'c' indicate the number of substituted groups. When the subscript 'c' is zero, there is no such substitution. When the suffix 'c' is 2 or more, there is a plurality of -Sp1-P1 on the ring A. The plurality of groups represented by -Sp1-P1 may be the same or different. In the expressions " ring A and ring C are independently X, Y, or Z ", since " independently " When the subject is "circle A", do not use "independent" because the subject is singular. When " ring A " is used in a plurality of expressions, the rule " may be the same or may be different " The same is true for other periods.

2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene means the following two divalent groups. In the formula, fluorine may be leftward (L) or rightward (R). This rule also applies to asymmetric bivalent groups produced by removing two hydrogens from the ring, such as tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl. This rule also applies to divalent linking groups such as carbonyloxy (-COO- or -OCO-).

The alkyl of the liquid crystalline compound is linear or branched and does not contain cyclic alkyl. Straight chain alkyl is preferred over branched alkyl. This also applies to terminal groups such as alkoxy, alkenyl and the like. The steric arrangement for 1,4-cyclohexylene is preferably trans rather than sheath in order to increase the upper limit temperature.

The present invention relates to the following items and the like.

Item 1. A liquid crystal composition containing as a first additive at least one compound selected from the group of polar compounds represented by the formula (1), and having a negative dielectric anisotropy.

In formula (1), ring A and ring C are independently selected from the group consisting of cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, tetrahydropyran- Wherein at least one hydrogen in the ring is selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy of 2 to 2 carbon atoms, Alkenyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with fluorine or chlorine, or alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with fluorine or chlorine; The ring B is at least one member selected from the group consisting of 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-cyclohexenylene, 1,4-phenylene, naphthalene-1,2-diyl, naphthalene- Naphthalene-1,6-diyl, naphthalene-1,7-diyl, naphthalene-1,8-diyl, naphthalene-2,3-diyl, naphthalene- Naphthalene-2,7-diyl, tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl or pyridine- In these rings, at least one hydrogen is selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, Or an alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with fluorine or chlorine; Z ¹ and Z ² are independently a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and in this alkylene, at least one -CH ₂ - represents -O-, -CO-, -COO-, or - OCO-, and at least one -CH ₂ CH ₂ - can be replaced by -CH═CH-, -C (CH ₃ ) ═CH-, -CH═C (CH ₃ ) -, or -C CH ₃ ) = C (CH ₃ ) -, in which at least one hydrogen may be substituted with fluorine or chlorine; a is 0, 1, 2, or 3; b, c, and d are independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, and the sum of b, c, and d is 2 or greater; Sp ¹ , Sp ² , and Sp ³ are each independently a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and at least one -CH ₂ - in the alkylene is -O-, -COO-, -OCO -, or -OCOO-, and at least one -CH ₂ CH ₂ - may be replaced by -CH═CH- or -C≡C-, and in these groups, at least one hydrogen may be replaced by , Fluorine or chlorine; P ¹ , P ² , and P ³ are independently a polymerizable group represented by formula (PA)

In the formula (PA), Sp ⁴ represents a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, and at least one -CH ₂ - in the alkylene is -O-, -COO-, or -OCO- , And at least one -CH ₂ CH ₂ - may be substituted with -CH = CH-, in which at least one hydrogen may be substituted with fluorine; R ¹ is a group represented by -OH, -OR ⁰ , -NH ₂ , -NHR ⁰ , or -N (R ⁰ ) ₂ , wherein R ⁰ is hydrogen or alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms; M ⁴ and M ⁵ are independently hydrogen, fluorine, alkyl of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or alkyl of 1 to 5 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen is substituted by fluorine or chlorine.

2. The compound according to item 1, wherein ring A and ring C are independently cyclohexyl, phenyl, 1-naphthyl, or 2-naphthyl in the formula (1) , Fluorine, chlorine, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with fluorine or chlorine, May be substituted with an alkenyl of 2 to 12 carbon atoms substituted by fluorine or chlorine; Ring B is 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene, naphthalene-1,2-diyl or naphthalene-2,6-diyl, and in these rings, at least one hydrogen is fluorine, Chlorine, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with fluorine or chlorine, Or an alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms substituted with chlorine; The liquid crystal composition according to item 1, wherein a is 0 or 1.

Item 3. The liquid crystal composition according to Item 1 or 2, wherein the first additive is at least one compound selected from the group of the polar compounds represented by Formulas (1-1) to (1-13).

In the formulas (1-1) to (1-13), R ¹ is a group represented by -OH, -OR ⁰ , -NH ₂ , -NHR ⁰ or -N (R ⁰ ) ₂ , R ⁰ is hydrogen or alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms; R ² is hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with fluorine or chlorine, Or an alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with fluorine or chlorine; Z ¹ and Z ² are independently a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and in this alkylene, at least one -CH ₂ - represents -O-, -CO-, -COO-, or - OCO-, and at least one -CH ₂ CH ₂ - can be replaced by -CH═CH-, -C (CH ₃ ) ═CH-, -CH═C (CH ₃ ) -, or -C CH ₃ ) = C (CH ₃ ) -, in which at least one hydrogen may be substituted with fluorine or chlorine; Sp ¹ and Sp ³ are independently a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and in this alkylene, at least one -CH ₂ - represents -O-, -COO-, -OCO-, or - And at least one -CH ₂ CH ₂ - may be substituted with -CH═CH- or -C≡C-, and in these groups, at least one hydrogen may be replaced by fluorine or chlorine ≪ / RTI > Sp ⁴ is a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, and in the alkylene, at least one -CH ₂ - may be substituted with -O-, -COO-, or -OCO-, One -CH ₂ CH ₂ - may be substituted with -CH = CH-, in which at least one hydrogen may be substituted with fluorine; L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , and L ⁶ are independently hydrogen, fluorine, methyl, or ethyl.

Item 4. The liquid crystal composition according to any one of Items 1 to 3, wherein the proportion of the first additive is in the range of 0.05 wt% to 10 wt%, based on the weight of the liquid crystal composition.

Item 5. A liquid crystal composition according to any one of Items 1 to 4, which contains, as a first component, at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by Formula (2).

In formula (2), R ³ and R ⁴ independently represent alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbons, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons, or alkenyloxy having 2 to 12 carbons; Ring D and Ring F are independently 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-cyclohexenylene, 1,4-phenylene, 1,4-phenylene in which at least one hydrogen is replaced by fluorine or chlorine , Or tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl; The ring E is preferably selected from the group consisting of 2,3-difluoro-1,4-phenylene, 2-chloro-3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 2,3-difluoro- -Phenylene, 3,4,5-trifluoronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, or 7,8-difluorochroman-2,6-diyl; Z ³ and Z ⁴ are, independently, a single bond, -CH ₂ CH ₂ -, -CH ₂ O-, -OCH ₂ -, -COO-, or -OCO-; f is 1, 2, or 3, g is 0 or 1, and the sum of f and g is 3 or less.

Item 6. The liquid crystal composition according to any one of Items 1 to 5, containing as the first component at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by Formulas (2-1) to (2-22).

In formulas (2-1) to (2-22), R ³ and R ⁴ independently represent alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, ≪ / RTI > alkenyloxy.

Item 7. The liquid crystal composition according to Item 5 or 6, wherein the ratio of the first component is in the range of 10% by weight to 90% by weight, based on the weight of the liquid crystal composition.

Item 8. The liquid crystal composition according to any one of Items 1 to 7, which contains, as the second component, at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by Formula (3).

In formula (3), R ⁵ and R ⁶ are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbons, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons, carbon number in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with fluorine or chlorine Alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with fluorine or chlorine; Ring G and Ring I are independently selected from the group consisting of 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, or 2,5-difluoro- It is wen; Z ⁵ is a single bond, -CH ₂ CH ₂ -, -CH ₂ O-, -OCH ₂ -, -COO-, or -OCO-; h is 1, 2, or 3;

Item 9. The liquid crystal composition according to any one of Items 1 to 8, which contains at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by Formulas (3-1) to (3-13) as a second component.

In formulas (3-1) to (3-13), R ⁵ and R ⁶ independently represent alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, Alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms in which hydrogen is substituted with fluorine or chlorine, or alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with fluorine or chlorine.

Item 10. The liquid crystal composition according to Item 8 or 9, wherein the proportion of the second component is in the range of 10 wt% to 70 wt%, based on the weight of the liquid crystal composition.

Item 11. The liquid crystal composition according to any one of Items 1 to 10, which contains as a second additive at least one compound selected from the group of the polymerizable compounds represented by the formula (4).

In formula (4), ring J and ring P are independently selected from the group consisting of cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, tetrahydropyran- Wherein at least one hydrogen in said ring is selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or at least one of hydrogen, One hydrogen may be substituted with alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms substituted with fluorine or chlorine; The ring K is preferably selected from the group consisting of 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-cyclohexenylene, 1,4-phenylene, naphthalene-1,2-diyl, naphthalene- Naphthalene-1,6-diyl, naphthalene-1,7-diyl, naphthalene-1,8-diyl, naphthalene-2,3-diyl, naphthalene- Naphthalene-2,7-diyl, tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl or pyridine- In these rings, at least one hydrogen is substituted with fluorine, chlorine, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with fluorine or chlorine It may be; Z ⁶ and Z ⁷ are independently a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and in this alkylene, at least one -CH ₂ - represents -O-, -CO-, -COO-, or - OCO-, and at least one -CH ₂ CH ₂ - can be replaced by -CH═CH-, -C (CH ₃ ) ═CH-, -CH═C (CH ₃ ) -, or -C CH ₃ ) = C (CH ₃ ) -, in which at least one hydrogen may be substituted with fluorine or chlorine; P ⁴ , P ⁵ , and P ⁶ are polymerizable groups different from the polymerizable group represented by formula (PA) described in item 1; Sp ⁵ , Sp ⁶ , and Sp ⁷ are independently a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and at least one -CH ₂ - in the alkylene is -O-, -COO-, -OCO -, or -OCOO-, and at least one -CH ₂ CH ₂ - may be replaced by -CH═CH- or -C≡C-, and in these groups, at least one hydrogen may be replaced by , Fluorine or chlorine; q is 0, 1, or 2; j, k, and p are independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, and the sum of j, k, and p is one or more.

Item 12: A compound according to item 11, wherein in the formula (4), P ⁴ , P ⁵ , and P ⁶ are independently a group selected from the group of polymerizable groups represented by formulas (P-1) Liquid crystal composition.

In the formulas (P-1) to (P-5), M ¹ , M ² and M ³ are independently hydrogen, fluorine, alkyl of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or at least one hydrogen atom is fluorine or chlorine Substituted alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

Item 13. The liquid crystal composition according to Item 11 or 12, wherein the second additive is at least one compound selected from the group of polymerizable compounds represented by Formulas (4-1) to (4-28).

In the formulas (4-1) to (4-28), P ⁴ , P ⁵ and P ⁶ are independently selected from the group of polymerizable groups represented by formulas (P-1) to (P-3) Lt; / RTI >

Wherein M ¹ , M ² , and M ³ are independently hydrogen, fluorine, alkyl of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or alkyl of 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted with at least one hydrogen or fluorine; Sp ⁵ , Sp ⁶ , and Sp ⁷ are independently a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and at least one -CH ₂ - in the alkylene is -O-, -COO-, -OCO -, or -OCOO-, and at least one -CH ₂ CH ₂ - may be replaced by -CH═CH- or -C≡C-, and in these groups, at least one hydrogen may be replaced by , Fluorine or chlorine.

Item 14. The liquid crystal composition according to any one of Items 11 to 13, wherein the proportion of the second additive is in the range of 0.03 wt% to 10 wt%, based on the weight of the liquid crystal composition.

Item 15. A liquid crystal display element comprising the liquid crystal composition according to any one of Items 1 to 14.

Item 16. The liquid crystal display element according to item 15, wherein the operation mode of the liquid crystal display element is the IPS mode, the VA mode, the FFS mode, or the FPA mode, and the driving method of the liquid crystal display element is the active matrix method.

Item 17. A liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal composition according to any one of items 1 to 10, wherein the first additive contained in the liquid crystal composition is polymerized.

Item 18: A liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal composition according to any one of Items 11 to 14, wherein the first additive and the second additive contained in the liquid crystal composition are polymerized.

Item 19. A liquid crystal display element comprising the liquid crystal composition according to any one of Items 1 to 10, wherein the first additive contained in the liquid crystal composition is polymerized and has no alignment film.

Item 20. A liquid crystal display element comprising the liquid crystal composition according to any one of Items 11 to 14, wherein the first additive and the second additive contained in the liquid crystal composition are polymerized and have no alignment film.

Item 21. The use of the liquid crystal composition according to any one of items 1 to 14 in a liquid crystal display element.

Item 22. The use of the liquid crystal composition according to any one of items 1 to 14 in a liquid crystal display device of polymer-supported alignment type.

Item 23. The use of the liquid crystal composition according to any one of items 1 to 14 in a liquid crystal display device having no alignment film.

The present invention also includes the following items. (a) arranging the above liquid crystal composition between two substrates, irradiating light with a voltage applied thereto, and polymerizing a compound having a polymerizable group contained in the composition, ≪ / RTI > (b) the upper limit temperature of the nematic phase is 70 占 폚 or higher, the optical anisotropy (measured at 25 占 폚) at a wavelength of 589 nm is 0.08 or more, and the dielectric anisotropy (measured at 25 占 폚) Lt; / RTI >

The present invention also includes the following items. (c) From the compounds (5) to (7) described in JP-A-2006-199941, the compound (7) is a liquid crystalline compound having a positive dielectric anisotropy, but the above-mentioned composition containing at least one compound selected from the group of these compounds . (d) at least two polar compounds as described above. (e) a polar compound different from the polar compound described above. (f) the above composition containing one, two, or at least three additives such as an optically active compound, an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber, a pigment, an antifoaming agent, a polymerizable compound, a polymerization initiator, . This additive may be the same as or different from the first additive or the second additive. (g) an AM device containing the above composition. (h) An element containing the above composition and having a mode of TN, ECB, OCB, IPS, FFS, VA, or FPA. (i) a transmissive element containing the composition described above. (j) using the above composition as a composition having a nematic phase. (k) a composition prepared by adding an optically active compound to the composition described above as an optically active composition.

The composition of the present invention is described in the following order. First, the composition of the composition is described. Secondly, the main properties of the constituent compounds and the major effects of the compounds on the properties of the compositions are described. Third, the combination of ingredients in the composition, the preferred proportions of the ingredients and their rationale are explained. Fourth, the component compound describes the preferred form. Fifth, the preferred component compounds are indicated. Sixth, additives that may be added to the composition are described. Seventh, the synthesis method of the component compounds will be described. Finally, the use of the composition is described.

First, the composition of the composition is described. The composition of the present invention is classified into Composition A and Composition B. The composition A may further contain other liquid crystalline compounds, additives and the like in addition to the liquid crystalline compounds selected from the compounds (2) and (3). The "other liquid crystal compound" is a liquid crystal compound which is different from the compound (2) and the compound (3). Such compounds are mixed into the composition for the purpose of further tailoring the properties. The additives include an optically active compound, an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber, a dye, a defoaming agent, a polymerizable compound, a polymerization initiator, a polymerization inhibitor, and a polar compound.

Composition B consists solely of liquid-crystalline compounds selected from compounds (2) and (3). &Quot; Substantially " means that the composition B may contain an additive, but does not contain any other liquid crystalline compound. Composition B has a smaller number of components than Composition A. From the viewpoint of lowering the cost, the composition B is preferable to the composition A. The composition A is preferable to the composition B from the viewpoint of further adjusting the characteristics by mixing other liquid crystal compounds.

Secondly, the main properties of the constituent compounds and the major effects of the compounds on the properties of the compositions are described. The main characteristics of the component compounds are summarized in Table 2 based on the effects of the present invention. In the symbols in Table 2, L means larger or higher, M means medium, and S means smaller or lower. The symbols L, M and S are classifications based on a qualitative comparison between the constituent compounds, and the symbol 0 means that the value is zero or close to zero.

[Table 2] Properties of liquid crystalline compounds

The main effects of the component compound on the properties of the composition when the component compound is mixed into the composition are as follows. The compound (1) adsorbs on the substrate surface under the action of a polar group, and controls the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules. In order to obtain a desired effect, the compound (1) is required to have high compatibility with the liquid crystal compound. The compound (1) has a 6-membered ring such as 1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-phenylene, and its molecular structure is rod-shaped, which is optimal for this purpose. The compound (1) provides a polymer by polymerization. This polymer stabilizes the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, thereby shortening the response time of the device and improving the baking of the image. Compound (2) increases the dielectric anisotropy and lowers the lower limit temperature. Compound (3) lowers the viscosity, increases the upper limit temperature, or lowerens the lower limit temperature. The compound (4) is added to the composition for further matching with the polymer supported orientation type device. Compound (4) provides a polymer by polymerization. This polymer stabilizes the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, thereby shortening the response time of the device and improving the baking of the image. From the viewpoint of alignment of the liquid crystal molecules, the polymer of compound (1) is considered to be more effective than the polymer of compound (4) since it has an interaction with the substrate surface.

Third, the combination of ingredients in the composition, the preferred proportions of the ingredients and their rationale are explained. The preferred combination of components in the composition is compound (1) + compound (2) + compound (3) or compound (1) + compound (2) + compound (3) + compound (4).

The compound (1) is added to the composition for the purpose of controlling the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules. A preferable proportion of the compound (1) is about 0.05% by weight or more for aligning the liquid crystal molecules, and is about 10% by weight or less to prevent defective display of the device. A more preferred ratio is in the range of about 0.1 wt% to about 7 wt%. A particularly preferred ratio is in the range of about 0.5% to about 5% by weight.

A preferable proportion of the compound (2) is about 10% by weight or more for increasing the dielectric anisotropy and about 90% by weight or less for lowering the lower limit temperature. A more preferred range is from about 20% to about 85% by weight. A particularly preferred ratio is in the range of about 30 wt% to about 85 wt%.

The preferred ratio of compound (3) is about 10% by weight or more for increasing the upper limit temperature or lowering the lower limit temperature, and about 70% by weight or less for increasing the dielectric anisotropy. A more preferred range is from about 15% to about 65% by weight. A particularly preferred ratio is in the range of about 20% to about 60% by weight.

A preferable proportion of the compound (4) is about 0.03% by weight or more to improve the long-term reliability of the device, and is about 10% by weight or less to prevent defective display of the device. A more preferred ratio is in the range of about 0.1 wt% to about 2 wt%. A particularly preferred ratio is in the range of about 0.2 wt% to about 1.0 wt%.

Fourth, a preferred form of the component compound is described. In formula (PA), R ¹ is a group represented by -OH, -OR ⁰ , -NH ₂ , -NHR ⁰ , or -N (R ⁰ ) ₂ , wherein R ⁰ represents hydrogen or a Lt; / RTI > The polar group has non-covalent interactions with the surface of the glass substrate or the metal oxide film. From the viewpoint of high solubility in the liquid crystal composition, it is particularly preferable that R ¹ is -OH or -NH ₂ . -OH is preferable to -O-, -CO-, or -COO- since it has a high anchorage force. The group having plural hetero atoms (nitrogen, oxygen) is particularly preferable. A compound having such a polar group is effective even at a low concentration. The compound (1) is preferably stable against ultraviolet rays or heat. When compound (1) is added to the composition, it is preferable that the compound does not lower the voltage holding ratio of the device. The compound (1) is preferably low in volatility. The preferred molar mass is at least 130 g / mol. More preferred molar masses range from 150 g / mol to 500 g / mol.

In formula (1), ring A and ring C are independently selected from the group consisting of cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, tetrahydropyran- Wherein at least one hydrogen in the ring is selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy of 2 to 2 carbon atoms, Alkenyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with fluorine or chlorine, or alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with fluorine or chlorine. Preferred Ring A or Ring C is cyclohexyl or phenyl. The ring B is at least one member selected from the group consisting of 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-cyclohexenylene, 1,4-phenylene, naphthalene-1,2-diyl, naphthalene- Naphthalene-1,6-diyl, naphthalene-1,7-diyl, naphthalene-1,8-diyl, naphthalene-2,3-diyl, naphthalene- Naphthalene-2,7-diyl, tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl or pyridine- In these rings, at least one hydrogen is selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, Or an alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with fluorine or chlorine. A preferred ring B is 1,4-phenylene or 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene.

Z ¹ and Z ² are independently a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and in this alkylene, at least one -CH ₂ - represents -O-, -CO-, -COO-, or - OCO-, and at least one -CH ₂ CH ₂ - can be replaced by -CH═CH-, -C (CH ₃ ) ═CH-, -CH═C (CH ₃ ) -, or -C CH ₃ ) = C (CH ₃ ) -, and in these groups, at least one hydrogen may be substituted with fluorine or chlorine. Preferred Z ¹ or Z ² is a single bond, -CH ₂ CH ₂ -, -CH ₂ O-, -OCH ₂ -, -COO-, or -OCO-. More preferably, Z ¹ or Z ² is a single bond.

a is 0, 1, 2, or 3; Preferred a is 0, 1, or 2. b, c, and d are independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, and the sum of b, c, and d is two or more.

Sp ¹ , Sp ² , and Sp ³ are each independently a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and at least one -CH ₂ - in the alkylene is -O-, -COO-, -OCO -, or -OCOO-, and at least one -CH ₂ CH ₂ - may be replaced by -CH═CH- or -C≡C-, and in these groups, at least one hydrogen may be replaced by , Fluorine or chlorine. Preferred Sp ¹ or Sp ² is an alkylene having 1 to 10 carbon atoms substituted with a single bond and at least one -CH ₂ - is -O-. Sp ⁴ is a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, and in the alkylene, at least one -CH ₂ - may be substituted with -O-, -COO-, or -OCO-, One -CH ₂ CH ₂ - may be substituted with -CH═CH-, and in these groups, at least one hydrogen may be substituted with fluorine.

P ¹ , P ² , and P ³ are independently a polymerizable group represented by formula (PA).

M ⁴ and M ⁵ are independently hydrogen, fluorine, alkyl of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or alkyl of 1 to 5 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen is substituted by fluorine or chlorine. A preferred M ⁴ or M ⁵ is hydrogen or methyl for increased reactivity. More preferred M ⁴ or M ⁵ is hydrogen.

In the formulas (1-1) to (1-13), R ² represents hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, Alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms in which hydrogen is substituted with fluorine or chlorine, or alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with fluorine or chlorine. Preferable R ² is alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.

L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ , and L ⁶ are independently hydrogen, fluorine, methyl, or ethyl. Preferred L ^{1 to} L ⁶ are hydrogen, fluorine, or methyl. More preferably, L ^{1 to} L ⁶ are hydrogen or fluorine.

In formulas (2) and (3), R ³ and R ⁴ independently represent alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, / RTI > Preferable R ³ or R ⁴ is alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms for enhancing stability against ultraviolet rays or heat and alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms for increasing the dielectric anisotropy. R ⁵ and R ⁶ are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbons, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with fluorine or chlorine, And at least one hydrogen is C2-C12 alkenyl substituted with fluorine or chlorine. Preferable R ⁵ or R ⁶ is an alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms in order to lower the viscosity and is an alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms in order to enhance stability against ultraviolet rays or heat.

Preferred alkyl is methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, or octyl. More preferred alkyl is ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, or heptyl to lower the viscosity.

Preferred alkoxy is methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentyloxy, hexyloxy, or heptyloxy. To lower the viscosity, the more preferred alkoxy is methoxy or ethoxy.

Preferred alkenyl are vinyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 1-pentenyl, Decenyl, 1-hexenyl, 2-hexenyl, 3-hexenyl, 4-hexenyl, or 5-hexenyl. More preferred alkenyls are vinyl, 1-propenyl, 3-butenyl, or 3-pentenyl for decreasing viscosity. The preferred configuration of -CH = CH- in these alkeny depends on the position of the double bond. In order to lower the viscosity or for other purposes, trans is preferred for alkenyl such as 1-propenyl, 1-butenyl, 1-pentenyl, 1-hexenyl, 3-pentenyl and 3-hexenyl. In the case of alkenyl such as 2-butenyl, 2-pentenyl and 2-hexenyl, cis is preferable.

Preferred alkenyloxy is vinyloxy, allyloxy, 3-butenyloxy, 3-pentenyloxy, or 4-pentenyloxy. To lower the viscosity, the more preferred alkenyloxy is allyloxy or 3-butenyloxy.

Preferred examples of alkyl in which at least one hydrogen is substituted by fluorine or chlorine are fluoromethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 3-fluoropropyl, 4-fluorobutyl, 5-fluoropentyl, 6-fluorohexyl , 7-fluoroheptyl, or 8-fluorooctyl. A more preferred example is 2-fluoroethyl, 3-fluoropropyl, 4-fluorobutyl, or 5-fluoropentyl for increasing the dielectric anisotropy.

Preferred examples of the alkenyl in which at least one hydrogen is substituted by fluorine or chlorine are 2,2-difluorovinyl, 3,3-difluoro-2-propenyl, 4,4-difluoro- Butenyl, 5,5-difluoro-4-pentenyl, or 6,6-difluoro-5-hexenyl. A more preferred example is 2,2-difluorovinyl or 4,4-difluoro-3-butenyl for lowering the viscosity.

Ring D and Ring F are independently 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-cyclohexenylene, 1,4-phenylene, 1,4-phenylene in which at least one hydrogen is replaced by fluorine or chlorine , Or tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl. Preferred examples of " 1,4-phenylene in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with fluorine or chlorine " include 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 2,3-difluoro- , Or 2-chloro-3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene. A preferred ring D or ring F is 1,4-cyclohexylene for lowering viscosity, tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl for increasing the dielectric anisotropy, and 1,4-phenylene for increasing optical anisotropy. Tetrahydropyran-2,5-

or

, And preferably

to be.

The ring E is preferably selected from the group consisting of 2,3-difluoro-1,4-phenylene, 2-chloro-3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 2,3-difluoro- -Phenylene, 3,4,5-trifluoronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, or 7,8-difluorochroman-2,6-diyl. A preferred ring E is 2,3-difluoro-1,4-phenylene to lower the viscosity, 2-chloro-3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene to lower the optical anisotropy, 6,8-difluorochroman-2,6-diyl.

Ring G and Ring I are independently selected from the group consisting of 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, or 2,5-difluoro- It's Len. A preferred ring G or ring I is 1,4-cyclohexylene, to lower the viscosity, or to increase the upper temperature limit, and 1,4-phenylene to lower the lower temperature limit.

Z ³ and Z ⁴ are independently a single bond, -CH ₂ CH ₂ -, -CH ₂ O-, -OCH ₂ -, -COO-, or -OCO-. Preferred Z ³ or Z ⁴ is a single bond to lower the viscosity, -CH ₂ CH ₂ - to lower the lower limit temperature, and -CH ₂ O- or -OCH ₂ - to increase the dielectric anisotropy. Z ⁵ is a single bond, -CH ₂ CH ₂ -, -CH ₂ O-, -OCH ₂ -, -COO-, or -OCO-. Preferred Z ⁵ is a single bond to lower the viscosity, -CH ₂ CH ₂ - to lower the lower limit temperature, and -COO- or -OCO- to raise the upper limit temperature.

f is 1, 2, or 3, g is 0 or 1, and the sum of f and g is 3 or less. The preferred f is 1 to lower the viscosity and 2 or 3 to increase the upper temperature limit. The preferred g is 0 to lower the viscosity and 1 to lower the lower temperature. h is 1, 2, or 3; The preferred h is 1 to lower the viscosity and 2 or 3 to increase the upper temperature limit.

In formula (4), P ⁴ , P ⁵ , and P ⁶ are independently a polymerizable group different from the polymerizable group represented by formula (PA) described in item 1. This polymerizable group has no polar group such as -OH, -OR ⁰ , -NH ₂ , -NHR ⁰ , or -N (R ⁰ ) ₂ . Wherein R < ⁰ > is hydrogen or alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms. Preferable P4, P5 or P6 is a group selected from the group of polymerizable groups represented by formulas (P-1) to (P-5). More preferably, P ⁴ , P ⁵ , or P ⁶ is a group represented by the formula (P-1), the formula (P-2), or the formula (P-3). Particularly preferable P ⁴ , P ⁵ , or P ⁶ is a group represented by the formula (P-1) or (P-2). The most preferable P ⁴ , P ⁵ , or P ⁶ is a group represented by the formula (P-1). A preferred group represented by the formula (P-1) is acryloyloxy (-OCO-CH = CH ₂ ) or methacryloyloxy (-OCO-C (CH ₃ ) = CH ₂ ). The dashed lines in the formulas (P-1) to (P-5) indicate the bonding sites.

In the formulas (P-1) to (P-5), M ¹ , M ² and M ³ are independently hydrogen, fluorine, alkyl of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or at least one hydrogen atom is fluorine or chlorine Substituted alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. Preferred M ¹ , M ² , or M ³ is hydrogen or methyl to increase reactivity. More preferred M &^lt; ^{1 >} is hydrogen or methyl, more preferably M < ^{2 >} or M < ³ > is hydrogen.

Sp ⁵ , Sp ⁶ , and Sp ⁷ are independently a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and at least one -CH ₂ - in the alkylene is -O-, -COO-, -OCO -, or -OCOO-, and at least one -CH ₂ CH ₂ - may be replaced by -CH═CH- or -C≡C-, and in these groups, at least one hydrogen may be replaced by , Fluorine or chlorine. Preferred Sp ⁵ , Sp ⁶ or Sp ⁷ is a single bond, -CH ₂ CH ₂ -, -CH ₂ O-, -OCH ₂ -, -COO-, -OCO-, -CO-CH═CH- or -CH = CH-CO-. More preferred SSp ⁵ , Sp ⁶ , or Sp ⁷ is a single bond.

Ring J and Ring P are, independently, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, tetrahydropyran-2-yl, 2-yl or pyridin-2-yl, wherein at least one hydrogen is fluorine, chlorine, alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or at least one hydrogen is fluorine or chlorine May be substituted with alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms. A preferred ring J or ring P is phenyl. The ring K is preferably selected from the group consisting of 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-cyclohexenylene, 1,4-phenylene, naphthalene-1,2-diyl, naphthalene- Naphthalene-1,6-diyl, naphthalene-1,7-diyl, naphthalene-1,8-diyl, naphthalene-2,3-diyl, naphthalene- Naphthalene-2,7-diyl, tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl or pyridine- In these rings, at least one hydrogen is substituted with fluorine, chlorine, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with fluorine or chlorine It is possible. A preferred ring K is 1,4-phenylene or 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene.

Z ⁶ and Z ⁷ are independently a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and in this alkylene, at least one -CH ₂ - represents -O-, -CO-, -COO-, or - OCO-, and at least one -CH ₂ CH ₂ - can be replaced by -CH═CH-, -C (CH ₃ ) ═CH-, -CH═C (CH ₃ ) -, or -C CH ₃ ) = C (CH ₃ ) -, and in these groups, at least one hydrogen may be substituted with fluorine or chlorine. Preferred Z ⁶ or Z ⁷ is a single bond, -CH ₂ CH ₂ -, -CH ₂ O-, -OCH ₂ -, -COO-, or -OCO-. More preferably, Z ⁶ or Z ⁷ is a single bond.

q is 0, 1, or 2; Preferred q is 0 or 1. j, k, and p are independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, and the sum of j, k, and p is one or more. Preferred j, k, or p is 1 or 2.

Fifth, the preferred component compounds are indicated. Preferred compounds (1) are the compounds (1-1) to (1-13) described in the item 3. In these compounds, at least one of the first additives is a compound (1-1), a compound (1-3), a compound (1-5), a compound (1-6) 1-9), the compound (1-10), or the compound (1-11). Wherein at least two of the first additives are selected from the group consisting of the compound (1-1) and the compound (1-5), the compound (1-3) and the compound (1-5) Is preferable.

Preferred compounds (2) are the compounds (2-1) to (2-22) described in the item 6. In these compounds, at least one of the first components is a compound (2-1), a compound (2-3), a compound (2-4), a compound (2-6) (2-10). At least two of the first components are selected from compounds (2-1) and (2-6), compounds (2-1) and (2-10), compounds (2-3) It is preferable that the compound (2-3) and the compound (2-10), the compound (2-4) and the compound (2-6), or the combination of the compound (2-4) and the compound (2-8).

Preferred compounds (3) are the compounds (3-1) to (3-13) described in the item 9. In these compounds, at least one of the second components is a compound (3-1), a compound (3-3), a compound (3-5), a compound (3-6) (3-9). At least two of the second components are compounds (3-1) and (3-3), compounds (3-1) and (3-5) Combination.

Preferred compounds (4) are the compounds (4-1) to (4-28) described in the item 13. In these compounds, at least one of the second additives is a compound (4-1), a compound (4-2), a compound (4-24), a compound (4-25) (4-27). At least two of the second additives are selected from compounds (4-1) and (4-2), compounds (4-1) and (4-18), compounds (4-2) and (4-24) The compound (4-2) and the compound (4-25), the compound (4-2) and the compound (4-26), the compound (4-25) and the compound (4-26) Is preferably a combination of the compounds (4-24).

Sixth, additives that may be added to the composition are described. Such additives include an optically active compound, an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber, a dye, a defoaming agent, a polymerizable compound, a polymerization initiator, a polymerization inhibitor, and a polar compound. An optically active compound is added to the composition for the purpose of inducing the helical structure of the liquid crystal molecules to give a twist angle. Examples of such compounds are compounds (5-1) to (5-5). The preferred proportion of optically active compound is about 5% by weight or less. A more preferred range is from about 0.01% to about 2% by weight.

Antioxidants are added to the composition in order to prevent the degradation of the resistivity due to heating in the atmosphere or to maintain a high voltage holding ratio at room temperature as well as at a temperature close to the upper limit temperature after the device is used for a long time. Preferable examples of the antioxidant include a compound (6) wherein n is an integer of 1 to 9, and the like.

In the compound (6), n is preferably 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9. More preferred n is 7. The compound (6) wherein n is 7 is also effective for maintaining a large voltage holding ratio at room temperature or near the upper limit temperature after the element is used for a long time because the volatility is small. A preferable proportion of the antioxidant is about 50 ppm or more for obtaining the effect, and is not more than about 600 ppm so as not to lower the upper limit temperature or increase the lower limit temperature. A more preferred ratio is in the range of about 100 ppm to about 300 ppm.

Preferable examples of the ultraviolet absorber include benzophenone derivatives, benzoate derivatives, triazole derivatives and the like. Light stabilizers such as amines with steric hindrance are also desirable. A preferable ratio in the absorber or stabilizer is about 50 ppm or more for obtaining the effect, and is not more than about 10,000 ppm so as not to lower the upper limit temperature or to raise the lower limit temperature. A more preferred range is from about 100 ppm to about 10,000 ppm.

In order to make it suitable for a device in the GH (guest host) mode, a dichroic dye such as an azo dye, an anthraquinone dye or the like is added to the composition. A preferred ratio of the pigments is in the range of about 0.01 wt% to about 10 wt%. In order to prevent foaming, antifoaming agents such as dimethyl silicone oil, methylphenyl silicone oil and the like are added to the composition. A preferable proportion of defoaming agent is about 1 ppm or more for obtaining the effect and about 1000 ppm or less for preventing defective display. A more preferred ratio is in the range of about 1 ppm to about 500 ppm.

Polymeric compounds may be used to adapt to devices of the polymer backing orientation (PSA) type. Compounds (1) and (4) are suitable for this purpose. A polymerizable compound different from the compound (1) and the compound (4) may be added to the composition together with the compound (1) and the compound (4). Preferable examples of such a polymerizable compound are compounds such as acrylate, methacrylate, vinyl compound, vinyloxy compound, propenyl ether, epoxy compound (oxirane, oxetane), vinyl ketone and the like. A more preferred example is acrylate or methacrylate. A preferable ratio of the compound (1) and the compound (4) is about 10% by weight or more based on the total weight of the polymerizable compound. A more preferable ratio is about 50% by weight or more. A particularly preferable ratio is about 80% by weight or more. A particularly preferable ratio is 100% by weight. The reactivity of the polymerizable compound and the reactivity of the pre-tilt of the liquid crystal molecule can be improved by changing the kind of the compound (1) and the compound (4), or by combining the compound (1) The angle can be adjusted. By optimizing the pre-tilt angle, a short response time of the device can be achieved. The orientation of the liquid crystal molecules is stabilized, so that a large contrast ratio and a long life can be achieved.

The polymerizable compound is polymerized by ultraviolet irradiation. Or in the presence of a suitable initiator such as a photopolymerization initiator. Suitable conditions for the polymerization, the appropriate type of initiator, and the appropriate amount are well known to those skilled in the art and are described in the literature. For example, photopolymerization initiators Irgacure 651 (registered trademark; BASF), Irgacure 184 (registered trademark BASF), or Darocur 1173 (registered trademark BASF) are suitable for radical polymerization. A preferable proportion of the photopolymerization initiator ranges from about 0.1 wt% to about 5 wt% based on the total weight of the polymerizable compound. A more preferred range is from about 1% to about 3% by weight.

When the polymerizable compound is stored, a polymerization inhibitor may be added to prevent polymerization. The polymerizable compound is usually added to the composition without removing the polymerization inhibitor. Examples of the polymerization inhibitor include hydroquinone, hydroquinone derivatives such as methylhydroquinone, 4-tert-butylcatechol, 4-methoxyphenol, phenothiazine, and the like.

The polar compound is an organic compound having polarity. Here, a compound having an ionic bond is not included. Atoms such as oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen tend to be more electronegative and have a partial negative charge. Carbon and hydrogen tend to be neutral or have a partial positive charge. Polarity is caused by the fact that partial charges are not evenly distributed among different kinds of atoms in a compound. For example, the polar compound has at least one of a partial structure such as -OH, -COOH, -SH, -NH ₂ ,>NH,> N-.

Seventh, the synthesis method of the component compounds will be described. These compounds can be synthesized by a known method. The synthesis method is exemplified. The synthesis method of the compound (1) is described in the section of the examples. Compound (2-1) is synthesized by the method described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-503441. Compound (3-5) is synthesized by the method described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 57-165328. The compound (4-18) is synthesized by the method described in JP-A-7-101900. Part of the compound (6) is commercially available. Compounds of formula (6) wherein n is 1 are available from Sigma-Aldrich Corporation. Compound (6) having n = 7 is synthesized by the method described in USP 3660505.

Compounds that do not disclose the synthetic methods are commercially available from Organic Syntheses, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Organic Reactions, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Compensation Organic Synthesis, Comprehensive Organic Synthesis, Pergamon Press), and New Experimental Chemistry Lecture (Maruzen). The composition is prepared from the thus obtained compound by a known method. For example, the constituent compounds are mixed and dissolved with each other by heating.

Finally, the use of the composition is described. Most compositions have a lower limit temperature of about -10 占 폚 or lower, an upper limit temperature of about 70 占 폚 or higher, and an optical anisotropy ranging from about 0.07 to about 0.20. By controlling the proportions of the component compounds or by mixing other liquid crystalline compounds, compositions having optical anisotropy in the range of about 0.08 to about 0.25 may be prepared. A composition having an optical anisotropy ranging from about 0.10 to about 0.30 by trial and error may also be prepared. An element containing this composition has a large voltage holding ratio. This composition is suitable for AM devices. This composition is particularly suitable for transmission type AM devices. This composition can be used as a composition having a nematic phase or as an optically active composition by adding an optically active compound.

This composition can be used as an AM device. It can also be used as a PM device. This composition can be used for AM devices and PM devices having modes such as PC, TN, STN, ECB, OCB, IPS, FFS, VA, and FPA. Use in an AM device having TN, OCB, IPS mode or FFS mode is particularly preferred. In an AM element having an IPS mode or an FFS mode, when the voltage is zero, the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules may be parallel to the glass substrate or may be vertical. The device may be of a reflective type, a transmissive type, or a semi-transmissive type. It is preferable to use it as a transmission type device. It can be used as an amorphous silicon TFT device or a polycrystalline silicon TFT device. It can be used for a nematic curvilinear aligned phase (NCAP) type device manufactured by microencapsulating the composition or a PD (polymer dispersed) type device in which a three-dimensional mesh-like polymer is formed in the composition.

An example of a conventional method for producing a polymer supported orientation type device is as follows. An element having two substrates of an array substrate and a color filter substrate is assembled. This substrate has an alignment film. At least one of the substrates has an electrode layer. The liquid crystal compound is mixed to prepare a liquid crystal composition. A polymerizable compound is added to this composition. If necessary, additives may be further added. This composition is injected into the device. Light is irradiated while voltage is applied to this device. Ultraviolet rays are preferred. The polymerizable compound is polymerized by light irradiation. By this polymerization, a composition containing a polymer is produced. The polymer supporting orientation type device is manufactured by this procedure.

In this procedure, when a voltage is applied, the liquid crystal molecules are aligned by the action of an alignment film and an electric field. Align the molecules of the polymerizable compound along this orientation. In this state, the polymerizable compound is polymerized by ultraviolet rays, so that a polymer retaining this orientation is produced. By the effect of this polymer, the response time of the device is shortened. Since the fired portion of the image is defective in operation of the liquid crystal molecules, the fired portion of the image is simultaneously improved by the effect of the polymer. It is also possible to polymerize the polymerizable compound in the composition in advance and arrange the composition between the substrates of the liquid crystal display element.

When a polar compound having a polymerizable group such as the compound (1) is used as a polymerizable compound, an alignment film is not required on the substrate of the device. An element having no alignment film is produced from a substrate having no alignment film in accordance with procedures described in the two previous paragraphs.

In this procedure, the compound (1) is arranged on the substrate because the polar group interacts with the substrate surface. The liquid crystal molecules are aligned along this arrangement. When a voltage is applied, alignment of liquid crystal molecules is further promoted. In this state, the polymerizable group is polymerized by ultraviolet rays, so that a polymer retaining this orientation is produced. By the effect of the polymer, the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules is further stabilized and the response time of the device is shortened. Since the baking of the image is a defective operation of the liquid crystal molecules, the baking is simultaneously improved by the effect of the polymer.

[Example]

The present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples. The present invention is not limited by these embodiments. The present invention includes a mixture of composition (M1) and composition (M2). The present invention also includes a mixture of at least two of the compositions of the Examples. The synthesized compound was identified by a method such as NMR analysis. The properties of the compounds, compositions and devices were measured by the following methods.

NMR analysis: For the measurement, DRX-500 manufactured by Bruker BioSpin was used. ^{In the 1} H-NMR measurement, the sample was dissolved in a deuterated solvent such as CDCl ₃ , and the measurement was carried out at room temperature under conditions of 500 MHz and integration frequency of 16 times. Tetramethylsilane was used as an internal standard. ^In the measurement of ¹⁹ F-NMR, CFCl ₃ was used as an internal standard and the number of integrations was 24. In the description of the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum, s is a singlet, d is a doublet, t is a triplet, q is a quartet, quin is a quintet, sex Means sextet, m is multiplet, and br is broad.

Gas-Gromato analysis: GC-14B type gas chromatography manufactured by Shimazu Seisakusho Co., Ltd. was used for the measurement. The carrier gas is helium (2 mL / min). The sample vaporization chamber was set at 280 占 폚 and the detector (FID) was set at 300 占 폚. In the separation of the constituent compounds, a capillary column DB-1 (length 30 m, inner diameter 0.32 mm, film thickness 0.25 μm, manufactured by Agilent Technologies Inc., fixed liquid phase, dimethylpolysiloxane, ) Were used. The column was maintained at 200 ° C for 2 minutes and then heated to 280 ° C at a rate of 5 ° C / minute. The sample was prepared in an acetone solution (0.1% by weight), and then 1 μL thereof was injected into a sample gasifying chamber. The recorder is a C-R5A type Chromatopac manufactured by Shimazu Seisakusho, or its equivalent. The obtained gas chromatogram shows the retention time of the peak corresponding to the component compound and the area of the peak.

As the solvent for diluting the sample, chloroform, hexane and the like may be used. To separate the constituent compounds, the following capillary columns may be used. HP-1 (length 30 m, inner diameter 0.32 mm, film thickness 0.25 μm) manufactured by Agilent Technologies Inc., Rtx-1 (length 30 m, inner diameter 0.32 mm, film thickness 0.25 μm) manufactured by Restek Corporation, SGE International Pty. BP-1 (length: 30 m, inner diameter: 0.32 mm, film thickness: 0.25 m) A capillary column CBP1-M50-025 (length 50 m, inner diameter 0.25 mm, film thickness 0.25 m) manufactured by Shimazu Seisakusho Co., Ltd. may be used for the purpose of preventing superposition of compound peaks.

The proportion of the liquid crystalline compound contained in the composition may be calculated by the following method. The mixture of liquid crystalline compounds is analyzed by gas chromatography (FID). The area ratio of the peak in the gas chromatogram corresponds to the ratio of the liquid crystalline compound. When the above-mentioned capillary column is used, the correction coefficient of each liquid crystal compound may be regarded as 1. Therefore, the ratio (% by weight) of the liquid crystalline compound can be calculated from the area ratio of the peak.

Measurement sample: When the characteristics of the composition and the device were measured, the composition was used as a sample. In order to measure the characteristics of the compound, a sample for measurement was prepared by mixing this compound (15% by weight) with the parent liquid crystal (85% by weight). The characteristic value of the compound was calculated from the value obtained by measurement by extrapolation. (Extrapolated value) = {(measured value of sample) -0.85 (measured value of liquid crystal)} / 0.15. When the smectic phase (or crystal) precipitates at 25 ° C at this ratio, the ratio of the compound and the mother liquid crystal is 10 wt%: 90 wt%, 5 wt%: 95 wt%, 1 wt%: 99 wt% Changed. The values of the upper limit temperature, the optical anisotropy, the viscosity, and the dielectric anisotropy of the compound were obtained by this extrapolation.

The following liquid crystal was used. The proportion of the component compound is expressed as% by weight.

Measurement method: Properties were measured in the following manner. Most of these are methods described in the JEITA standard (JEITA · ED-2521B), which is deliberated by the Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association (JEITA). A thin film transistor (TFT) was not mounted on the TN device used for the measurement.

(1) Nematic phase upper limit temperature (NI; ° C): A sample was placed on a hot plate of a melting point measuring apparatus equipped with a polarization microscope and heated at a rate of 1 ° C / min. The temperature at which a portion of the sample was changed from a nematic phase to an isotropic liquid was measured. The upper limit temperature of the nematic phase may be abbreviated as " upper limit temperature ".

(2) Nematic phase lower limit temperature (T _C ; ° C): A sample having a nematic phase is placed in a glass bottle, and a freezer of 0 ° C, -10 ° C, -20 ° C, -30 ° C, After 10 days of storage, the liquid crystal phase was observed. For example, when the sample is in a nematic phase at -20 ° _C and when it is changed to a crystalline or smectic phase at -30 ° _C , T _C is described as <-20 ° C. The lower limit temperature of the nematic phase may be abbreviated as &quot; lower limit temperature &quot;.

(3) Viscosity (bulk viscosity;?; Measured at 20 占 폚; mPa 占 퐏): E-type rotational viscometer manufactured by Tokyo Keiki Co., Ltd. was used for measurement.

(4) Viscosity (rotational viscosity;? 1 measured at 25 占 폚, mPa? S): The measurement was carried out according to the method described in M. Imai et al., Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, Vol.259, Respectively. A sample was injected into a VA device in which the interval between two glass substrates (cell gap) was 20 占 퐉. This device was applied stepwise every 1 volt in the range of 39 volts to 50 volts. After 0.2 seconds of unattended operation, the application was repeated under conditions of only one rectangular wave (square pulse; 0.2 seconds) and unattended (2 seconds). The peak current (peak current) and the peak time (peak time) of the transient current generated by this application were measured. From these measurements and M. Imai's paper, p. 40, equation (8), the rotational viscosity values were obtained. The dielectric anisotropy required for this calculation was measured by the method described in measurement (6).

(5) Optical anisotropy (refractive index anisotropy;? N; measured at 25 占 폚): The measurement was performed by using an Abbe refractometer equipped with a polarizing plate on an eyepiece using light having a wavelength of 589 nm. After rubbing the surface of the main prism in one direction, the sample was dropped onto the main prism. The refractive index (n ∥) was measured when the direction of polarization parallel to the direction of rubbing. The refractive index (n⊥) was measured when the direction of polarization was perpendicular to the direction of rubbing. The value of optical anisotropy, Δn = n ∥ was calculated from the formula -n⊥.

6, the dielectric anisotropy (Δε; measured at 25 ℃): The value of dielectric anisotropy is calculated from the equation of Δε = ε ∥ -ε⊥. Permittivity (ε ∥ and ε⊥) was measured as follows.

1) The dielectric constant (ε ∥) Measurement of: was a well washed glass substrate in the coating octadecyl tree ethanol (20mL) solution of the silane (0.16mL). The glass substrate was rotated by a spinner and then heated at 150 DEG C for 1 hour. A sample was placed in a VA device having a gap (cell gap) of 2 占 퐉 between glass substrates, and the device was sealed with an adhesive for curing with ultraviolet rays. The dielectric constant (ε ∥) in the major axis (長軸) the direction of applying a sine wave (0.5V, 1kHz) to the element, the liquid crystal molecules was measured after 2 seconds.

2) Measurement of dielectric constant (??): A polyimide solution was applied to a glass substrate which had been washed well. After the glass substrate was baked, the obtained alignment film was rubbed. A sample was injected into a TN device having a gap (cell gap) of two glass substrates of 9 占 퐉 and a twist angle of 80 占. A sine wave (0.5 V, 1 kHz) was applied to the device, and after two seconds, the dielectric constant (??) In the short axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules was measured.

(7) Threshold voltage (Vth; measured at 25 캜; V): An LCD 5100-type luminance meter manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd. was used for the measurement. The light source was a halogen lamp. A sample was placed in a VA device in a normally black mode in which the interval (cell gap) between the two glass substrates was 4 占 퐉 and the rubbing direction was anti-parallel, and an adhesive for curing the device with ultraviolet rays was used to seal did. The voltage applied to the device (60 Hz, rectangular wave) was gradually increased from 0 V to 20 V by 0.02 V stepwise. At this time, light was irradiated from the vertical direction to the device, and the amount of light transmitted through the device was measured. A transmittance of 100% was obtained when the light quantity reached its maximum, and a voltage-transmittance curve with a transmittance of 0% when the light quantity was minimum was prepared. The threshold voltage is expressed by the voltage when the transmittance is 10%.

(8) Voltage maintenance rate (VHR-1; measured at 25 캜;%): The TN device used for the measurement had a polyimide alignment film and the gap (cell gap) between the two glass substrates was 5 탆. After injecting the sample, the device was sealed with an ultraviolet curing adhesive. The TN device was charged by applying a pulse voltage (60 microseconds at 5 V). The attenuation voltage was measured with a high-speed voltmeter for 16.7 milliseconds and the area A between the voltage curve and the horizontal axis in the unit period was obtained. Area B is the area without damping. The voltage holding ratio is expressed as a percentage of the area A with respect to the area B.

(9) Voltage maintenance ratio (VHR-2; measured at 80 캜;%): The voltage holding ratio was measured in the same procedure as above except that the measurement was carried out at 80 캜 instead of 25 캜. The obtained value is represented by VHR-2.

(10) Voltage maintenance rate (VHR-3; measured at 25 캜;%): The voltage maintenance rate was measured after irradiation with ultraviolet rays, and the stability against ultraviolet rays was evaluated. The TN device used for the measurement had a polyimide alignment film and the cell gap was 5 m. A sample was injected into the device and the light was irradiated for 20 minutes. The light source was an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp USH-500D (manufactured by Ushio Inc.), and the distance between the element and the light source was 20 cm. In the VHR-3 measurement, the voltage attenuation was measured for 16.7 milliseconds. A composition having a large VHR-3 has a great stability against ultraviolet rays. VHR-3 is preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more.

(11) Voltage maintenance rate (VHR-4; measured at 25 캜;%): The TN device into which the sample was injected was heated in a thermostatic chamber at 80 캜 for 500 hours, and the voltage retention was measured. In the measurement of VHR-4, the attenuation voltage was measured for 16.7 milliseconds. Compositions with large VHR-4 have great stability to heat.

(12) Response time (τ; measurement at 25 ° C., ms): An LCD 5100 type luminance meter manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd. was used for measurement. The light source was a halogen lamp. The low-pass filter was set to 5 kHz. A sample was placed in a VA device having a gap (cell gap) of two glass substrates of 3.5 mu m and not having an alignment film. The device was sealed with an ultraviolet curing adhesive. This device was irradiated with ultraviolet rays of 78 mW / cm ² (405 nm) for 449 seconds (35 J) while applying a voltage of 30 V. At the time of irradiating ultraviolet rays, a multi-metal lamp M04-L41 for eutectic curing manufactured by Eye Graphics Co., Ltd. was used. A rectangular wave (120 Hz) was applied to this device. At this time, light was irradiated from the vertical direction to the device, and the amount of light transmitted through the device was measured. When the amount of light is maximized, the transmittance is 100%, and when the amount of light is minimum, the transmittance is regarded as 0%. The maximum voltage of the rectangular wave was set so that the transmittance was 90%. The minimum voltage of the rectangular wave was set at 2.5 V, which is a transmittance of 0%. The response time is expressed as the rise time (millisecond) required for the transmittance to change from 10% to 90%.

(13) Elastic constant (K11: splay elastic constant, K33: bend elastic constant; measured at 25 ° C: pN): For measurement, EC-1 type elastic constant measuring device manufactured by Toyo Technica Co., Ltd. is used did. A sample was injected into a vertical alignment element having a gap (cell gap) of 20 占 퐉 between two glass substrates. A voltage of 20 volts to a voltage of 0 volts was applied to the device, and the electrostatic capacity and the applied voltage were measured. The values of the measured capacitance C and the applied voltage V are fitted by using Equation 2.98 and Equation 2.101 in the "Liquid Crystal Device Handbook" by Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun, page 75, The value of the elastic constant was obtained.

(14) Resistivity (? (Measured at 25 占 폚;? Cm): 1.0 ml of a sample was placed in a container equipped with an electrode. A DC voltage (10 V) was applied to the vessel, and the DC current after 10 seconds was measured. The specific resistance was calculated from the following equation. (Electric resistance) = {(voltage) x (electric capacity of container)} / {(direct current) x (permittivity of vacuum)} (Equation 1)

(15) Pretilt angle (degrees): The spectral ellipsometer M-2000U (manufactured by J. A. Woollam Co., Inc.) was used for measuring the pretilt angle.

(16) Orientation stability (liquid crystal orientation axis stability): The change in the orientation axis of the liquid crystal on the electrode side of the liquid crystal display device was evaluated. The liquid crystal alignment angle ? (Before) of the electrode side before the stress application was measured. Thereafter, a rectangular wave of 4.5 V and 60 Hz was applied to the device for 20 minutes, followed by a 1 second short circuit, of the liquid crystal was measured in the orientation angle φ (after). From this value, the change DELTA phi (deg.) Of the liquid crystal alignment angle after one second and five minutes was calculated using the following formula.

Δ φ (. Deg) = φ (after) - φ (before) ( Equation 2)

These measurements were made with reference to J. Hilfiker, B. Johs, C. Herzinger, JF Elman, E. Montbach, D. Bryant, and PJ Bos, Thin Solid Films, 455-456, (2004) 596-600. The smaller the value of ? Is, the smaller the rate of change of the liquid crystal alignment axis is, and the stability of the liquid crystal alignment axis is good.

[Synthesis Example 1]

Synthesis of Compound (1-7)

First, the synthesis of the compound (T-4) will be described.

First step

Paraformaldehyde (60.0 g), 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (DABCO; 56.0 g) and water (200 ml) were charged into a reactor and stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes. A THF (400 ml) solution of the compound (T-1) (50.0 g) was added dropwise (suitably) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 72 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into water, and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with water and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. This solution was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (volume ratio, toluene: ethyl acetate = 2: 1) to obtain compound (T-2) (44.1 g; 68%).

Second Step

Compound (T-2) (44.1 g), imidazole (25.0 g) and dichloromethane (400 ml) were charged into a reactor and cooled to 0 ° C. A dichloromethane solution (200 ml) of tert-butyldimethylchlorosilane (TBSCl; 53 g) was added dropwise, and the mixture was stirred for 4 hours while raising the temperature to room temperature. The reaction mixture was poured into water and the aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane. The combined organic layers were washed with water and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. This solution was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (volume ratio, heptane: ethyl acetate = 9: 1) to obtain compound (T-3) (69.6 g; 84%).

Third step

Compound (T-3) (69.6 g), THF (600 ml), methanol (150 ml) and water (100 ml) were charged into the reactor and cooled to 0 ° C. Lithium hydroxide monohydrate (23.9 g) was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred for 12 hours while returning to room temperature. The reaction mixture was poured into water, and 6N hydrochloric acid (20 ml) was added slowly to acidify it. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with water and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. This solution was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a compound (T-4) (21.6 g; 35%).

Next, a method of synthesizing the compound (1-7) will be described.

Fourth step

Compound (T-5) was synthesized according to a conventional method. (T-5) (7.5 g), tetrakis (triphenylphosphine palladium (1.3 g), tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB; 1.5 g), potassium carbonate (6.4 g) (5 g), toluene (200 ml), 2-propanol (IPA; 80 ml) and pure water (20 ml) were charged into a reactor and stirred at 90 ° C. The reaction mixture was poured into water, The organic layer was washed with water and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate.The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (volume ratio, toluene: ethyl acetate = 9: 1) (T-6) (7.18 g; 85%) was obtained by recrystallization from a mixed solvent (volume ratio, 1: 1)

Step 5

Compound (T-6) (7.18 g) and dichloromethane (200 ml) were placed in a reactor and cooled to -50 캜. Boron tribromide (2.1 ml) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred for 5 hours while raising the temperature to room temperature. The reaction mixture was poured into water and the aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane. The combined organic layers were washed with water and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. This solution was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (volume ratio, toluene: ethyl acetate = 1: 1) to obtain compound (T-7) (5.3 g; 80%).

Step 6

Compound (T-7) (5.3 g), ethylene carbonate (3.0 g), potassium carbonate (6.5 g) and DMF (200 ml) were placed in a reactor and stirred at 100 ° C. The reaction mixture was poured into water, and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with water and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (volume ratio, toluene: ethyl acetate = 1: 1) to give compound (T-8) (5.5 g; 83%).

Seventh Step

N-dimethyl-4-aminopyridine (DMAP) (1.52 g) and dichloromethane (150 ml) were charged into a reactor, to which were added T-8 (5.3 g), T- 0 &lt; 0 &gt; C. A solution of N, N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC; 7.7 g) in dichloromethane (50 ml) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred for 5 hours while raising the temperature to room temperature. The reaction mixture was poured into water and the aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane. The combined organic layers were washed with water and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. This solution was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (volume ratio, toluene: heptane = 1: 1) to obtain compound (T-9) (8.3 g; 81%).

Step 8

Compound (T-9) (8.3 g) and THF (100 ml) were placed in a reactor and cooled to 0 占 폚. Tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF; 2.9 g) was added dropwise, and the mixture was stirred for 3 hours while raising the temperature to room temperature. The reaction mixture was poured into water, and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with water and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. This solution was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (volume ratio, toluene: ethyl acetate = 1: 1) and further purified by recrystallization from heptane to obtain Compound (1-7) %).

¹ H-NMR of the compound _{(1-7) (ppm; CDCl 3} ): δ 7.48-7.46 (m, 2H), 7.27-7.26 (m, 2H), 6.75 (d, J = 2.3Hz, 2H), 6.47 2H), 4.54 (t, J = 4.4 Hz, 4H), 4.33 (s, 4H), 4.27-4.25 (m, 2H), 1.35-1.20 (m, 9H), 1.45-1. 48 (m, 4H), 2.52-2.47 1.09-1.02 (m, 2H), 0.90 (t, J = 6.9 Hz, 3H)

Examples of the composition are shown below. The constituent compounds are represented by symbols based on the definition in Table 3 below. In Table 3, the steric configuration for 1,4-cyclohexylene is trans. The number in parentheses after the symbolized compound indicates the chemical formula to which the compound belongs. (-) means other liquid crystalline compounds. The proportion (percentage) of the liquid crystalline compound is the weight percentage (% by weight) based on the weight of the liquid crystal composition containing no additive. Finally, the properties of the composition are summarized.

[Table 3] Notation of compounds using symbols

Embodiment of Device

1. Raw materials

A composition to which a polar compound was added was injected into an element having no alignment film. After irradiating ultraviolet rays, the vertical alignment of liquid crystal molecules in this device was examined. Explain raw materials at first. The raw material is appropriately selected from among the compositions (M1) to (M18), the polar compounds (PC-1) to the polar compounds (PC-5), the polymerizable compounds (RM-1) did. The composition is as follows.

[Composition (M1)]

NI = 73.2 DEG C; Tc < -20 C; [Delta] n = 0.113; ? = -4.0; Vth = 2.18 V; ? = 22.6 mPa 占 퐏.

[Composition (M2)]

NI = 82.8 DEG C; Tc < -30 C; [Delta] n = 0.118; ? = -4.4; Vth = 2.13 V; ? = 22.5 mPa 占 퐏.

[Composition (M3)]

NI = 78.1 DEG C; Tc < -30 C; [Delta] n = 0.107; ?? = -3.2; Vth = 2.02 V; eta = 15.9 mPa · s.

[Composition (M4)]

NI = 88.5 DEG C; Tc < -30 C; ? N = 0.108; ?? = -3.8; Vth = 2.25V; ? = 24.6 mPa 占 퐏; VHR-1 = 99.1%; VHR-2 = 98.2%; VHR-3 = 97.8%.

[Composition (M5)]

NI = 81.1 DEG C; Tc < -30 C; ? N = 0.119; ? = -4.5; Vth = 1.69V; ? = 31.4 mPa 占 퐏.

[Composition (M6)]

NI = 98.8 DEG C; Tc < -30 C; [Delta] n = 0.111; ?? = -3.2; Vth = 2.47 V; ? = 23.9 mPa 占 퐏.

[Composition (M7)]

NI = 77.5 DEG C; Tc < -30 C; ? N = 0.084; ? = -2.6; Vth = 2.43V; eta = 22.8 mPa · s.

[Composition (M8)]

NI = 70.6 DEG C; Tc < -20 C; [Delta] n = 0.129; ? = -4.3; Vth = 1.69V; ? = 27.0 mPa 占 퐏.

[Composition (M9)]

NI = 93.0 DEG C; Tc < -30 C; ? N = 0.123; ? = -4.0; Vth = 2.27 V; eta = 29.6 mPa · s.

[Composition (M10)]

NI = 87.6 DEG C; Tc < -30 C; ? N = 0.126; ? = -4.5; Vth = 2.21 V; ? = 25.3 mPa 占 퐏.

[Composition (M11)]

NI = 93.0 DEG C; Tc < -20 C; [Delta] n = 0.124; ? = -4.5; Vth = 2.22V; ? = 25.0 mPa 占 퐏.

[Composition (M12)]

NI = 76.4 DEG C; Tc < -30 C; [Delta] n = 0.104; ?? = -3.2; Vth = 2.06 V; eta = 15.6 mPa · s.

[Composition (M13)]

NI = 78.3 DEG C; Tc < -20 C; ? N = 0.103; ?? = -3.2; Vth = 2.17 V; eta = 17.7 mPa · s.

[Composition (M14)]

NI = 81.2 DEG C; Tc < -20 C; [Delta] n = 0.107; ?? = -3.2; Vth = 2.11 V; ? = 15.5 mPa 占 퐏.

[Composition (M15)]

NI = 88.7 DEG C; Tc < -30 C; ? N = 0.115; ? = -1.9; Vth = 2.82 V; eta = 17.3 mPa · s.

[Composition (M16)]

NI = 89.9 DEG C; Tc < -20 C; [Delta] n = 0.122; ? = -4.2; Vth = 2.16 V; ? = 23.4 mPa 占 퐏.

[Composition (M17)]

NI = 77.1 DEG C; Tc < -20 C; ? N = 0.101; ? = -3.0; Vth = 2.04 V; η = 13.9 mPa · s.

[Composition (M18)]

NI = 75.9 DEG C; Tc < -20 C; ? N = 0.114; ? = -3.9; Vth = 2.20 V; ? = 24.7 mPa 占 퐏.

The first additive is a polar compound (PC-1) to a polar compound (PC-5).

The second additive is a polymerizable compound (RM-1) to a polymerizable compound (RM-9).

2. Vertical alignment of liquid crystal molecules

Example 1

To the composition (M1), a polar compound (PC-1) was added in a proportion of 5% by weight. This mixture was injected into an element having no alignment film having a gap (cell gap) of 2 pieces of glass substrates on a hot stage at 100 占 폚 of 4.0 占 퐉. The polar compound (PC-1) was polymerized by irradiating the device with ultraviolet rays (28J) using an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp USH-250-BY (manufactured by Ushio Inc.). This device was set on a polarization microscope arranged with a polarizer and a quartz crystal orthogonal to each other, and light was irradiated to the device from below to observe the presence or absence of light leakage. When light did not pass through the device, it was judged that the vertical alignment was &quot; good &quot;. It is presumed that the liquid crystal molecules are sufficiently oriented. When light passing through the device is observed, it is indicated as &quot; defective &quot;.

Examples 2 to 18 and Comparative Example 1

A mixture prepared by adding a polar compound having a polymerizable group to the composition was used to prepare a device having no alignment film. The presence or absence of light leakage was observed in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are summarized in Table 4. In Example 18, the polymerizable compound (RM-1) was also added in a proportion of 0.5% by weight. In Comparative Example 1, the following polar compound (PC-11) was selected for comparison. This compound is different from the compound (1) since it has no polymerizable group.

[Table 4] Vertical alignment of liquid crystal molecules

As can be seen from Table 4, in Examples 1 to 18, the kinds of the composition and the polar compound were changed, but no light leakage was observed. This result shows that the vertical alignment is good and the liquid crystal molecules are stably aligned without an orientation film in the device. In Example 18, the polymerizable compound (RM-1) was further added, but the same results were obtained. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1, light leakage was observed. This result shows that the vertical alignment is not good. Therefore, it can be seen that the polymer produced from the polar compound having a polymerizable group plays an important role in the vertical alignment of the liquid crystal molecules.

[Industrial applicability]

The liquid crystal composition of the present invention can be used for a liquid crystal projector, a liquid crystal TV, and the like.

Claims (23)

A liquid crystal composition containing as a first additive at least one compound selected from the group of polar compounds represented by the following formula (1) and having a negative (-) dielectric anisotropy:

In the above formula (1), Ring A and Ring C are independently selected from the group consisting of cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, tetrahydropyran- Yl, pyrimidin-2-yl, or pyridin-2-yl. In these rings, at least one hydrogen is selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbons, Alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with fluorine or chlorine, or alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with fluorine or chlorine; The ring B is at least one member selected from the group consisting of 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-cyclohexenylene, 1,4-phenylene, naphthalene-1,2-diyl, naphthalene- Naphthalene-1,6-diyl, naphthalene-1,7-diyl, naphthalene-1,8-diyl, naphthalene-2,3-diyl, naphthalene- Naphthalene-2,7-diyl, tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl or pyridine- In these rings, at least one hydrogen is selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, Or an alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with fluorine or chlorine; Z ¹ and Z ² are independently a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and in this alkylene, at least one -CH ₂ - represents -O-, -CO-, -COO-, or - OCO-, and at least one -CH ₂ CH ₂ - can be replaced by -CH═CH-, -C (CH ₃ ) ═CH-, -CH═C (CH ₃ ) -, or -C CH ₃ ) = C (CH ₃ ) -, in which at least one hydrogen may be substituted with fluorine or chlorine; a is 0, 1, 2, or 3; b, c, and d are independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, and the sum of b, c, and d is 2 or greater; Sp ¹ , Sp ² and Sp ³ are independently a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and at least one -CH ₂ - in the alkylene is -O-, -COO-, -OCO- , Or -OCOO-, and at least one -CH ₂ CH ₂ - may be substituted with -CH═CH- or -C≡C-, and in these groups, at least one hydrogen may be replaced by -O- Fluorine or chlorine; P ¹ , P ² and P ³ are independently a polymerizable group represented by the following formula (PA)

In the formula (PA), Sp ⁴ represents a single bond or an alkylene having 1 to 7 carbon atoms. At least one -CH ₂ - in the alkylene is -O-, -COO-, or -OCO -, and at least one -CH ₂ CH ₂ - may be substituted with -CH = CH-, in which groups at least one hydrogen may be substituted with fluorine; R ¹ is a group represented by -OH, -OR ⁰ , -NH ₂ , -NHR ⁰ , or -N (R ⁰ ) ₂ , wherein R ⁰ is hydrogen or alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms; M ⁴ and M ⁵ are independently hydrogen, fluorine, alkyl of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or alkyl of 1 to 5 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen is replaced by fluorine or chlorine. The method according to claim 1,
In the formula (1), the ring A and the ring C are independently cyclohexyl, phenyl, 1-naphthyl, or 2-naphthyl. In these rings, at least one hydrogen is fluorine, chlorine, Alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with fluorine or chlorine, or at least one hydrogen is substituted with fluorine or chlorine Substituted alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms; Ring B is 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene, naphthalene-1,2-diyl or naphthalene-2,6-diyl, and in these rings, at least one hydrogen is fluorine, Chlorine, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with fluorine or chlorine, Or an alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms substituted with chlorine; wherein a is 0 or 1. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
Wherein the first additive is at least one compound selected from the group of the polar compounds represented by the following formulas (1-1) to (1-13): Liquid crystal composition:

In the formulas (1-1) to (1-13), R ¹ is a group represented by -OH, -OR ⁰ , -NH ₂ , -NHR ⁰ or -N (R ⁰ ) ₂ , Wherein R &lt; ⁰ &gt; is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms; R ² is hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with fluorine or chlorine, Or an alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with fluorine or chlorine; Z ¹ and Z ² are independently a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and in this alkylene, at least one -CH ₂ - represents -O-, -CO-, -COO-, or - OCO-, and at least one -CH ₂ CH ₂ - can be replaced by -CH═CH-, -C (CH ₃ ) ═CH-, -CH═C (CH ₃ ) -, or -C CH ₃ ) = C (CH ₃ ) -, in which at least one hydrogen may be substituted with fluorine or chlorine; Sp ¹ and Sp ³ are independently a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and in this alkylene, at least one -CH ₂ - represents -O-, -COO-, -OCO-, or - And at least one -CH ₂ CH ₂ - may be substituted with -CH═CH- or -C≡C-, and in these groups, at least one hydrogen may be replaced by fluorine or chlorine &Lt; / RTI &gt; Sp ⁴ is a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, and in the alkylene, at least one -CH ₂ - may be substituted with -O-, -COO-, or -OCO-, -CH ₂ CH ₂ - may be substituted with -CH═CH-, in which groups at least one hydrogen may be substituted with fluorine; L ¹ , L ² , L ³ , L ⁴ , L ⁵ and L ⁶ are independently hydrogen, fluorine, methyl, or ethyl. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
Wherein the ratio of the first additive is in the range of 0.05 wt% to 10 wt% based on the weight of the liquid crystal composition. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
As a first component, at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by the following formula (2).

In the formula (2), R ³ and R ⁴ are independently alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbons, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons, or alkenyloxy having 2 to 12 carbons; Ring D and Ring F are independently 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-cyclohexenylene, 1,4-phenylene, 1,4-phenylene in which at least one hydrogen is replaced by fluorine or chlorine , Or tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl; The ring E is preferably selected from the group consisting of 2,3-difluoro-1,4-phenylene, 2-chloro-3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 2,3-difluoro- -Phenylene, 3,4,5-trifluoronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, or 7,8-difluorochroman-2,6-diyl; Z ³ and Z ⁴ are, independently, a single bond, -CH ₂ CH ₂ -, -CH ₂ O-, -OCH ₂ -, -COO-, or -OCO-; f is 1, 2, or 3, g is 0 or 1, and the sum of f and g is 3 or less. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
A liquid crystal composition comprising as a first component at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by the following formulas (2-1) to (2-22):

In the formulas (2-1) to (2-22), R ³ and R ⁴ independently represent alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, Alkenyloxy having 2 to 12 carbon atoms. The method according to claim 5 or 6,
Wherein the ratio of the first component is in the range of 10% by weight to 90% by weight, based on the weight of the liquid crystal composition. 8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
And at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by the following formula (3) as the second component:

In the formula (3), R ⁵ and R ⁶ are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, Alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with fluorine or chlorine; Ring G and Ring I are independently selected from the group consisting of 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, or 2,5-difluoro- It is wen; Z ⁵ is a single bond, -CH ₂ CH ₂ -, -CH ₂ O-, -OCH ₂ -, -COO-, or -OCO-; h is 1, 2, or 3; 9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
And at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by the following formulas (3-1) to (3-13) as the second component:

In the formulas (3-1) to (3-13), R ⁵ and R ⁶ independently represent alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, Alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms in which hydrogen is substituted with fluorine or chlorine, or alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with fluorine or chlorine. 10. The method according to claim 8 or 9,
Wherein the proportion of the second component is in the range of 10% by weight to 70% by weight, based on the weight of the liquid crystal composition. 11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10,
And at least one compound selected from the group of polymerizable compounds represented by the following formula (4) as a second additive:

In the above formula (4), the ring J and the ring P are independently a cyclohexyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a 1-naphthyl group, a 2-naphthyl group, a tetrahydropyran- Yl, pyrimidin-2-yl, or pyridin-2-yl, wherein at least one hydrogen is fluorine, chlorine, alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, At least one hydrogen may be substituted with alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms substituted with fluorine or chlorine; The ring K is preferably selected from the group consisting of 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-cyclohexenylene, 1,4-phenylene, naphthalene-1,2-diyl, naphthalene- Naphthalene-1,6-diyl, naphthalene-1,7-diyl, naphthalene-1,8-diyl, naphthalene-2,3-diyl, naphthalene- Naphthalene-2,7-diyl, tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl or pyridine- In these rings, at least one hydrogen is substituted with fluorine, chlorine, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with fluorine or chlorine It may be; Z ⁶ and Z ⁷ are independently a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and in this alkylene, at least one -CH ₂ - represents -O-, -CO-, -COO-, or - OCO-, and at least one -CH ₂ CH ₂ - can be replaced by -CH═CH-, -C (CH ₃ ) ═CH-, -CH═C (CH ₃ ) -, or -C CH ₃ ) = C (CH ₃ ) -, in which at least one hydrogen may be substituted with fluorine or chlorine; P ⁴ , P ⁵ and P ⁶ are polymerizable groups different from the polymerizable group represented by formula (PA) described in claim 1; Sp ⁵ , Sp ⁶ and Sp ⁷ independently represent a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and in this alkylene, at least one -CH ₂ - represents -O-, -COO-, -OCO- , Or -OCOO-, and at least one -CH ₂ CH ₂ - may be substituted with -CH═CH- or -C≡C-, and in these groups, at least one hydrogen may be replaced by -O- Fluorine or chlorine; q is 0, 1, or 2; j, k, and p are independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, and the sum of j, k, and p is one or more. 12. The method of claim 11,
Wherein P ⁴ , P ⁵ and P ⁶ are independently a group selected from the group of polymerizable groups represented by the following formulas (P-1) to (P-5)

In the formulas (P-1) to (P-5), M ¹ , M ² and M ³ are independently hydrogen, fluorine, alkyl of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or at least one hydrogen atom is fluorine or chlorine Substituted alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. 13. The method according to claim 11 or 12,
Wherein the second additive is at least one compound selected from the group of polymerizable compounds represented by the following formulas (4-1) to (4-28): Liquid crystal composition:

In the formulas (4-1) to (4-28), P ⁴ , P ⁵ and P ⁶ are independently a group of polymerizable groups represented by the following formulas (P-1) to (P-3) Lt; / RTI &gt;

Wherein M ¹ , M ² and M ³ are independently hydrogen, fluorine, alkyl of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or alkyl of 1 to 5 carbon atoms in which at least one of the hydrogens is replaced by fluorine or chlorine; Sp ⁵ , Sp ⁶ and Sp ⁷ independently represent a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and in this alkylene, at least one -CH ₂ - represents -O-, -COO-, -OCO- , Or -OCOO-, and at least one -CH ₂ CH ₂ - may be substituted with -CH═CH- or -C≡C-, and in these groups, at least one hydrogen may be replaced by -O- May be substituted with fluorine or chlorine. 14. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 13,
Wherein the proportion of the second additive is in the range of 0.03 wt% to 10 wt% based on the weight of the liquid crystal composition. A liquid crystal display element comprising the liquid crystal composition according to any one of claims 1 to 14. 16. The method of claim 15,
A liquid crystal display element in which the operation mode of the liquid crystal display element is the IPS mode, the VA mode, the FFS mode, or the FPA mode, and the liquid crystal display element is driven by the active matrix system. A liquid crystal display device of polymer-supported alignment type, comprising the liquid crystal composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the first additive contained in the liquid crystal composition is polymerized. A liquid crystal display device of polymer-supported alignment type, comprising the liquid crystal composition according to any one of claims 11 to 14, wherein the first additive and the second additive contained in the liquid crystal composition are polymerized. 11. A liquid crystal display element comprising the liquid crystal composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the first additive contained in the liquid crystal composition is polymerized and has no alignment film. 15. A liquid crystal display device comprising the liquid crystal composition according to any one of claims 11 to 14, wherein the first additive and the second additive contained in the liquid crystal composition are polymerized and have no alignment film. Use of the liquid crystal composition according to any one of claims 1 to 14 in a liquid crystal display element. 14. Use of the liquid crystal composition according to any one of claims 1 to 14 in a liquid crystal display device of polymer-supported alignment type. Use of the liquid crystal composition according to any one of claims 1 to 14 in a liquid crystal display device having no alignment film.