KR20180111338A - Smart glass for plant cultivation and plant cultivation apparatus using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed are smart glass for plant cultivation and a plant cultivation system using natural light and the smart glass. The smart glass for plant cultivation according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a transparency adjusting member which is turned into a transparent state or changed into an opaque state according to the supply or cutoff of the power source; and a wavelength selective film laminated on the inside or outside of the transparency adjusting member.

Description

Technical Field [0001] The present invention relates to a smart glass for cultivating crops and a method for cultivating natural light crops using the same,

The present invention relates to a smart glass for cultivating crops and a system for cultivating a natural mining crop using the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to a smart glass for cultivating crops capable of adjusting the illuminance and wavelength of sunlight in accordance with crops in a greenhouse, .

Generally, crops grown in greenhouses or houses are influenced by factors such as temperature, humidity, solar radiation, water supply, and carbon dioxide.

Recently, agriculture has evolved into a fusion of advanced technologies such as information and communication technology (ICT), biotechnology (BT), and green technology (GT). Smart farming, which combines ICT, can contribute to improving product quality and production efficiency. It is emerging as a way to solve problems such as the decrease of the working population and agricultural land and the weather change due to climate change.

On the other hand, it is known that there is a difference in the growth of crops depending on wavelengths in the sunlight in the kind of crops and the growth stage in recent years. In order to promote the growth of crops, it is necessary to control so that appropriate wavelengths are absorbed in accordance with the type of crops and the growth stage.

As part of this research, we have used greenhouses or artificial light to grow crops, to encourage or suppress crops, to produce agricultural products all year round, or to grow special crops that are not cultivated in open fields. Plant cultivation equipment is widely used.

The inside of the glasshouse is kept at a higher temperature than the outside due to the solar heat, and most of the sunlight is transmitted to the plant through the glass so that an environment favorable for the growth of crops is created, but depending on the type of crop or growth stage, Can not be controlled. In particular, if the intensity of sunlight and ultraviolet rays is too strong in summer, the crops will be damaged by heat, which may result in the development of diseases and diseases, as well as the problem that crops are severely damaged.

Even in the case of plant factories using artificial light, the light intensity and wavelength are controlled through adjustment of the LED light. However, there is a problem that the initial cost and operating cost for installing artificial light are excessive, and the quality of the cultivated crop is poor compared with natural light .

Korean Patent Publication No. 2002-0002420 Korean Patent No. 10-1681581 Korean Patent No. 10-1049506

The present invention is directed to a smart glass for cultivating crops and a natural mining crop cultivation system using the same, which can select light quantity and wavelength required for crop cultivation.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a liquid crystal display comprising: a transparent adjusting member that is transparent or variable to an opaque state according to supply or cutoff of a power source; And a wavelength selection film laminated on the inside or outside of the transparent regulating member.

The transparent control member includes a PDLC layer made of a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) and transmitting or scattering light, an indium-tin oxide coated ITO layer formed on the front and rear surfaces of the PDLC layer, An EVA film layer formed on the front and rear surfaces of the layer, and a substrate layer formed on the outer surface of each EVA film layer.

The substrate layer may be an ETFE (Ethylene Tetra fluoro Ethylene) film.

In addition, the wavelength selection film may be laminated on at least one of the ITO layer and the EVA film in front, or between the ITO layer and the EVA film in the rear.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a crop cultivation apparatus including a cultivation room provided with a cultivation bed where crops are grown; A mining device for guiding outside sunlight into the crop growing device; A transparent regulating member installed in the cultivation room of the mining device or the crop cultivation device and selectively transmitting the light guided to the mining device to the cultivated plant, and a wavelength control device which is laminated on the inside or outside of the transparent regulating member, A natural mining crop cultivation system including a smart glass for growing crops composed of a selected film can be provided.

The PDLC layer may include a PDLC layer formed of a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC), which transmits or scatters light. The PDLC layer may be transparent or opaque, An indium tin oxide coated ITO layer, an EVA film layer formed on the front and rear surfaces of the ITO layer, and an ETFE layer formed on the outer surface of each EVA film layer.

Embodiments of the present invention can provide a smart glass for cultivating crops which can adjust the light quantity of sunlight through transparency and select the wavelength of sunlight suitable for a cultivated crop.

In addition, it is possible to apply natural light to crop planting equipment or plant factories, and thus it is possible to save energy cost, installation cost and operating cost compared to existing artificial light plant factories. Since natural light is used, the color of original crops can be maintained. Quality can be improved.

1 is a laminated structure view of a smart glass for growing a crop according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an operational state diagram of a transparent and opaque state of a smart glass for growing a crop. Fig.
3 is a structural view of a natural mining crop cultivation system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
4 is a perspective view of the mining equipment of the natural mining crop growing system of FIG.
Figure 5 is a schematic view of the light pipe of the natural mining crop growing system of Figure 3;
6 is a sectional view of the light guide tube of FIG.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The sizes and shapes of the components shown in the drawings may be exaggerated for clarity and convenience. In addition, terms defined in consideration of the configuration and operation of the present invention may be changed according to the intention or custom of the user, the operator. Definitions of these terms should be based on the content of this specification. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the inventions. Of course.

FIG. 1 is a laminated structure diagram of a smart glass for cultivating a crop according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a transparent state view of a smart glass for cultivating crops, and FIG. Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a light pipe of a natural mining crop growing system, Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a light pipe of a natural mining crop growing system, Fig. It is a structural diagram.

Referring to these drawings, a smart glass 1 for cultivating a crop according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a transparent adjustment member 10 which is changed to a transparent state or an opaque state according to supply or cutoff of a power source, And a wavelength selection film (15) laminated on the inner side of the member (10).

The transparent regulating member 10 comprises a PDLC layer 11 made of a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC), which transmits or scatters light, a transparent electrode layer 11 formed on the front and rear surfaces of the PDLC layer 11, and indium- A coated ITO layer 12, an EVA film layer 13 formed on the front and rear surfaces of the ITO layer 12, and a substrate layer 14 formed on the outer surface of each EVA film layer 13.

Here, the PDLC layer 11 is one of liquid crystal cells used in a liquid crystal display (LCD), and is formed of a polymer dispersed liquid crystal. When the power is not supplied, the direction of the liquid crystal molecules becomes irregular, The scattering occurs at the interface where the refractive index is different and becomes opaque. When the power is supplied, the directions of the liquid crystals are aligned and the refractive indexes of the liquid crystals coincide with each other.

The ITO layer 12 is formed by depositing indium-tin oxide (ITO) on a film such as PET or polyethylene by vacuum evaporation, and is used as a material for a transparent electrode of a thin flat display. Since ITO has excellent infrared ray shielding ability, it is possible to obtain additional effects that effectively block the infrared ray even if the thickness of the film is not thick.

Although not shown in the drawing, the smart glass 1 for cultivating a crop according to the present invention can operate at least a part of the driving power applied from the power supply unit 12a for adjusting the light transmission amount. That is, when the ITO layer 12 is patterned to divide into several sub-electrodes and each sub-electrode is insulated from each other, power is applied to only a part of the PDLC layer 11, the light transmission amount can be controlled.

As the substrate layer 14, an ETFE (Ethylene Tetra fluoro Ethylene) film is used. ETFE (Ethylene Tetra fluoro Ethylene) is a polymer based on flourocarbon. ETFE has strong resistance against corrosion and temperature change. It is very light and flexible due to the nature of vinyl material and has a high sunlight projection rate. The ETFE film is lighter than conventional glass substrates, making the weight of the transparent control member (10) considerably lighter and more flexible, so that it can be installed in the curved portion of the greenhouse or crop growing apparatus.

In this way, the PDLC layer 11 is interposed between the two substrate layers 14. At this time, the ITO layer 12, which is a transparent electrode, is formed on the inner surface of the two substrate layers 14, (PLDC) may be filled between the two ITO layers 12 and sealed.

2, when the power is supplied from the power supply unit 12a to the opposing ITO layer 12, the polymer dispersed liquid crystal in the PDLC layer 11 becomes an electric field (see FIG. 2) (Transparent mode in Fig. 2 (a)) so as to allow light to pass therethrough. At this time, the viewing angle is 150 to 170 degrees and the transmittance is 78% or more. On the other hand, when the power source is not applied, the polymer dispersed liquid crystals inside the PDLC layer 11 are randomly arranged randomly, so that incident light is scattered to become opaque (opaque mode of FIG. 2 (b)).

In addition, as described above, the solar light transmittance is controlled by some opaque mode by applying power to only a part of the PDLC layer 11 using the insulated ITO layer 12 partitioned into several sub-electrodes through patterning Can

The wavelength selecting film 15 may be laminated on the inner side or the outer side of the transparent adjusting member 10. The front substrate layer 14 or the front substrate layer 14 may be laminated at least either between the front ITO layer 12 and the EVA film layer 13 or between the rear ITO layer 12 and the EVA film layer 13, And may be stacked on the rear surface of the rear substrate layer 14.

The wavelength selective film 15 selectively absorbs light of a specific wavelength depending on the kind of the dye contained in the base resin and reflects and transmits the light of the remaining wavelength range. Ultimately, depending on the nature of the dye, the wavelength of the light to be reflected, absorbed and passed through is determined.

Generally, plants containing crops have light-accepting pigments that respond to the wavelength of the incident light and regulate the plant's growth. Examples of light receiving pigments involved in the growth stage of a plant include chlorophyll and carotenoids, anthocyanins, phytochrome, and the like. The maximum absorption wavelengths of these light receiving dyes are 430 nm and 662 nm to 664 nm in the case of chlorophyll a, and 453 nm to 460 nm and 642 nm to 647 nm in the case of chlorophyll b. The carotenoids are approximately 430 nm to 500 nm and 640 nm to 660 nm. In the case of phytochrome, Pr (cyan) is 650 nm to 670 nm and Pfr (green) is 705 nm to 740 nm. And anthocyanin is 530nm ~ 540nm. Thus, the maximum absorption wavelength of the plant varies depending on the growth stage.

In addition, there are various patterns of growth change depending on the crop to be cultivated. For example, in the case of representative lettuce of the mouth vegetable, only germination is necessary after seed germination. The reason for this is that when lettuce grows and grows up, the lettuce is not worth the commodity. However, in the case of red lettuce, anthocyanin expression through chlorophyll breakage is required by irradiating UV-A ultraviolet region. Conversely, in the case of fruit vegetables, reproductive growth is necessary after a period of nutritional growth. In addition, sufficient UV-A ultraviolet radiation is required before shipment to express the color of the fruit.

It is also known that blue light (400-500 nm) and red light (wavelengths 610-700 nm) in sunlight greatly enhance plant photosynthesis efficiency than light of different wavelengths, thereby promoting crop growth.

As such, the maximum absorption wavelength required by the crop varies depending on the type of crop to be cultivated and the stage of growth of the crop. The visible wavelength spectrum of these known crops is summarized as follows.

As an example of the wavelength selecting film 15, when the red light is mainly required, the wavelength selecting film 15 contains a red fluorescent pigment which is a complementary color of green, thereby absorbing green light (medium wavelength component light) It is possible to transmit only light (light having a long wavelength component).

Plant photosynthesis occurs at blue wavelengths (320 to 470 nm) and red wavelengths (520 to 620 nm), especially at blue wavelengths (320 to 470 nm). However, if only the blue wavelength is too strong, it will produce active oxygen during photosynthesis, which can cause stress of the plant. Therefore, a purple fluorescent pigment can be used so that the blue wavelength and the red wavelength can be simultaneously transmitted.

As another embodiment of the wavelength selection film 15, the wavelength selection film 15 may be simply an ultraviolet shielding film, or an ultraviolet infrared shielding film. Which film you use depends on the type of crop you want to cultivate.

The ultraviolet barrier film may be a known ultraviolet barrier film production method or a commercially available ultraviolet barrier film.

A low density polyethylene resin as a base resin has a melt flow index of 0.3 to 4.0 g / 10 min (ASTM D1238) and a density of 0.910 to 0.930 g / cm < 3 > (ASTM D1505) The linear low density polyethylene resin has a melt flow index of 0.5 to 2.0 g / 10 min (ASTM D 1238) and a density of 0.900 to 0.940 g / cm 3. Also, the ethylene vinyl acetate resin has a melt flow index of 0.3 to 2.0 g / 10 min (ASTM D1238), a density of 0.920 to 0.940 g / cm 3 (ASTM D1505) and a vinyl acetate content of 3 to 15%. Further, a mixture of these thermoplastic resins can be used as a base resin.

Further, the benzotriazole-based ultraviolet absorber used as the organic-based ultraviolet absorber is 2- (2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl) -benzotriazole having a near ultraviolet absorbance range λmax of 300 nanometers to 360 nanometers, - (2'-hydroxy-3 ', 5'-diastereoisopropylphenyl) -benzotriazole, 2- (2'- (2'-hydroxy-3'-tert-butylphenyl) -2H-benzotriazole, 2- (2'- -5'-methylbenzyl) -5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2- (2'-hydroxy-3 ', 5'-diasteryribbutylphenyl) -5-chlorobenzotriazole, May be applied in an amount of 0.1 to 2.0 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the resin. Especially preferred are 2- (2'-hydroxy-3 ', 5'-diastereamyl-amylphenyl) -2H-benzotriazole, 2- ( Hydroxy-3'-tert-butyl-5'-methylphenyl) -5-chlorobenzotriazole is used alone or in combination with an ultraviolet absorber. In this case,? Max in the ultraviolet region is in the range of 300 to 360 nanometers, preferably in the range of 320 to 360 nanometers. The content of the ultraviolet absorber is preferably 0.1 to 2.0 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the resin, more preferably 1.0 to 2.0 parts by weight of the ultraviolet absorber can increase the weatherability of the polyolefin agricultural film, . Therefore, if the content of the ultraviolet absorber is less than 0.1 parts by weight, the ultraviolet blocking effect is insufficient. If the content is more than 2.0 parts by weight, yellowing of the film may occur.

The content of zinc oxide in the zinc oxide used as the inorganic ultraviolet absorber should be 95% or more, preferably 99% or more. The content of lead, cadmium and iron should be 0.005% or less, preferably 0.002% or less. In this case, the content of the inorganic ultraviolet absorber zinc oxide is preferably 0.05 to 1.0 part by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 1.0 part by weight, based on zinc oxide. Also, the average particle size of zinc oxide at this time is zinc oxide of 1 to 100 m, more preferably zinc oxide of 1 to 20 m.

(Mica), tin oxide (ITO), iron oxide (ITO), iron oxide (ITO), or the like as an additive, as an example of production of the wavelength selective film 15 having a function of blocking ultraviolet rays and infrared rays simultaneously. And titanium dioxide (Titanium Dioxide). More specifically, it may include 80 to 99 parts by weight of the synthetic resin base, 0.48 to 9.60 parts by weight of the mica, 0.005 to 0.100 parts by weight of the tin oxide, 0.005 to 0.10 parts by weight of the iron oxide, and 0.510 to 10.200 parts by weight of the titanium dioxide .

The synthetic resin base material of the present invention can be obtained by copolymerizing an ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, an ethylene / butyl acrylate copolymer, an ethylene / butyl acrylate copolymer, a low density polyethylene, a linear low density polyethylene, a polyvinyl chloride, an ethylene / ethyl acrylate copolymer, Hexene copolymer, and ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer.

Fig. 3 shows a natural mining crop cultivation system using the smart glass of the present invention. The natural mining crop growing system 2 includes a crop cultivation apparatus 20 including a cultivation room 21 provided with a cultivation bed (not shown), a mining apparatus 30 for introducing sunlight into the cultivation room 21, And a smart glass 1 for cultivating crops.

In the present embodiment, the crop cultivation apparatus 20 is provided with a multi-stage cultivation bed, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In addition, a crop cultivation apparatus having a crop growing bed, such as a plant plant, a hydroponic cultivation apparatus, a container type cultivation apparatus, a dome-structured crop cultivation apparatus, or the like can be applied irrespective of the term.

The mining apparatus 30 includes a miner 31, a light duct 32, and a light pipe 33. When the sunlight is irradiated to the minitator 31, sunlight is guided to the optical duct 32 installed in the vertical direction by the reflecting mirror 31a. Although not shown in the drawings, the minutestor 31 may include a photodetector and a solar tracking sensor capable of detecting the light intensity according to the incident angle of sunlight.

The light duct 32 is provided with a plurality of spritters 32a to reflect a part of the sunlight to the light pipe 33 and pass a part thereof. The light pipe 33 is installed at each end of the cultivation room to guide the sunlight to the upper part of the crop. An optical film 33a capable of totally reflecting sunlight is attached to the upper part of the inner wall of the light pipe 33 and a light diffusion plate 33b is attached to the lower part. The sunlight refracted by the light guide tube 33 is irradiated to the growth bed as a fluorescent lamp through the light guide tube 33 as a whole.

The smart glass 1 is attached to the front surface of the reflector 31a of the mining machine 31 or installed on the lower part of the photometering tube 33 to detect the amount of sunlight irradiated from the photometering tube 33 And the wavelength is adjusted.

In this way, by introducing natural light into the crop growing system (2) and adjusting the light intensity and wavelength of the sunlight by applying the smart glass (1) for cultivation of crops, it is possible to increase the energy efficiency compared to the plant plant using existing artificial light, Since natural light is utilized, the quality of agricultural products can be improved by maintaining the inherent color of the crop.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, such modifications or variations are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims.

1: Smart glass for growing crops 10: Transparent control member
15: Wavelength selection Film 2: Natural mining crop growing system
20: Crop cultivation apparatus 30: Mining apparatus

Claims (6)

A transparent adjusting member which is respectively turned to a transparent state or to an opaque state according to supply or cutoff of a power supply; And
And a wavelength selective film laminated on the inside or outside of the transparent adjusting member. The method according to claim 1,
The transparent control member includes a PDLC layer made of a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) and transmitting or scattering light, an indium-tin oxide coated ITO layer formed on the front and rear surfaces of the PDLC layer, And a substrate layer formed on an outer surface of each of the EVA film layers, the EVA film layer being formed on the front and rear surfaces of the layer, respectively. 3. The method of claim 2,
Wherein the substrate layer is an ETFE (Ethylene Tetra fluoro Ethylene) film. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the wavelength selecting film is laminated on the inside or outside of the transparent adjusting member. A crop growing apparatus including a cultivation room equipped with a cultivation bed where crops are grown;
A mining device for guiding outside sunlight into the crop growing device;
A transparent regulating member installed in the cultivation room of the mining device or the crop cultivation device and selectively transmitting the light guided to the mining device to the cultivated plant, and a wavelength control device which is laminated on the inside or outside of the transparent regulating member, And a smart glass for growing crops comprising a selected film. 6. The method of claim 5,
The PDLC layer may include a PDLC layer formed of a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) to transmit or scatter light, a transparent electrode layer disposed on the front side and the rear side of the PDLC layer, And an ETFE layer formed on an outer surface of each of the EVA film layers, the ITO layer being formed on the front surface and the rear surface of the ITO layer, .

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