KR20180104181A - Composite light guide plate - Google Patents

Abstract

Light guide plates made of a composite structure of glass and plastic, and compounds, compositions, articles, devices, and methods for manufacturing backlight units including such light guide plates. In some embodiments, the composite light guide plates (LGPs) have similar or better optical properties than the light guide plates made of PMMA and have excellent mechanical properties such as stiffness, CTE and dimensional stability at higher humidity conditions than PMMA light guide plates .

Description

Composite light guide plate

The present disclosure relates to a light guide plate.

Cross reference of related application

This application claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/293572, filed February 10, 2016, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

The photometric backlight units mainly include a light guide plate (LGP) made of highly transparent plastic materials such as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). These plastic materials exhibit excellent properties such as light transmission, but these materials exhibit relatively poor mechanical properties such as rigidity, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and moisture absorbance.

The present disclosure is intended to solve the above-mentioned problems.

Aspects of the subject matter relate to composite light guide plates made of a composite structure including both glass and plastic and to compounds, compositions, articles, devices, and methods for manufacturing backlight units including such composite light guide plates . In some embodiments, composite light guide plates (LGPs) having superior mechanical properties such as stiffness, CTE, and dimensional stability at high humidity, as compared to PMMA light guide plates, have similar or better optical properties to light guide plates made of PMMA / RTI >

The principles and embodiments of the subject matter relate to a composite light guide plate for use with a backlight unit in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the composite light guide plate includes a front surface having a width and a height, a rear surface facing the front surface, and a first edge, a second edge, a third edge, and a fourth edge formed around the front surface and the rear surface The composite sheet having a thickness between the front surface and the back surface, the composite sheet including both a glass material and a plastic material in a coplanar relationship. In other embodiments, the composite light guide plate has a front surface having a width and a height, a rear surface facing the front surface, and a first edge, a second edge, a third edge, and a fourth edge formed around the front surface and the rear surface A glass sheet having a thickness between the front surface and the rear surface; And a first edge, a second edge, a third edge, and a fourth edge around the front and back surfaces, the front surface having a width and a height, a rear surface facing the front surface, The fronts of the glass sheet and the plastic sheet being coplanar with respect to each other and the back surfaces of the glass sheet and the plastic sheet being coplanar with respect to each other.

In some embodiments, the plastic material is selected from the group consisting of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polymethylmethacrylate, (Ethylene naphthalate), poly (ethylene succinate), polypropylene, stryene-methacrylate copolymer (MS), and the like. ), And a cyclic olefin copolymer (COC). In some embodiments, the glass material comprises between about 65.79 mol% and about 78.17 mol% SiO ₂ , between about 2.94 mol% and about 12.12 mol% Al ₂ O ₃ , between about 0 mol% and about 11.16 mol% B ₂ O ₃ , between about 0 mol% and about 2.06 mol% Li ₂ O, between about 3.52 mol% and about 13.25 mol% Na ₂ O, between about 0 mol% and about 4.83 mol% K ₂ O, between about 0 mol% Between about 0 mol% and about 4.2 mol% of CaO, between about 0 mol% and about 6.17 mol% of SrO, between about 0 mol% and about 4.3 mol% of BaO , And from about 0.07 mol% to about 0.11 mol% SnO ₂ . In some embodiments, the glass material comprises SiO ₂ between about 66 mol% and about 78 mol%, Al ₂ O ₃ between about 4 mol% and about 11 mol%, B ₂ O ₃ between about 4 mol% and about 11 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 2mol% among Li ₂ O, from about 4mol% to about 12mol% among Na ₂ O, from about 0mol% to about 2mol% between K ₂ O, from about 0mol% to about 2mol% among ZnO, from about 0mol% to about 5mol% CaO between about 0 mol% and about 2 mol%, SrO between about 0 mol% and about 5 mol%, BaO between about 0 mol% and about 2 mol%, and SnO ₂ between about 0 mol% and about 2 mol%. In some embodiments, the glass material comprises SiO ₂ between about 72 mol% and about 80 mol%, Al ₂ O ₃ between about 3 mol% and about 7 mol%, B ₂ O ₃ between about 0 mol% and about 2 mol%, about 0 mol% To about 2 mol% Li ₂ O, between about 6 mol% and about 15 mol% Na ₂ O, between about 0 mol% and about 2 mol% K ₂ O, between about 0 mol% and about 2 mol% ZnO, between about 2 mol% CaO between about 0 mol% and about 2 mol%, SrO between about 0 mol% and about 2 mol%, BaO between about 0 mol% and about 2 mol%, and SnO ₂ between about 0 mol% and about 2 mol%. In some embodiments, the glass material comprises SiO ₂ between about 60 mol% and about 80 mol%, Al ₂ O ₃ between about 0 mol% and about 15 mol%, B ₂ O ₃ between about 0 mol% and about 15 mol%, and about 2 mol % to from about 50mol% between R _x O, and, R is Li, Na, K, Rb, or one or more of any of the Cs, and x is 2, R is any one of Zn, Mg, Ca, Sr or Ba And x is 1, and Fe + 30Cr + 35Ni < about 60 ppm. Additional suitable compositions are further described herein.

In some embodiments, the glass material has a glass transition temperature between about 49.6 x 10-7 / C to about 70 x 10-7 / C, between about 30 x 10-7 / C to about 120 x 10-7 / 7 / C, between about 55x10-7 / C and about 85x10-7 / C, and between about 85x10-7 / C and about 120x10-7 / C. In some embodiments, the glass material has a density between about 2.34 gm / cc @ 20C and about 2.53 gm / cc @ 20C. In some embodiments, the article is a light guide plate. In some embodiments, the display device includes such a light guide plate. In some embodiments, the thickness of the plate is between about 0.2 mm and about 8 mm. In some embodiments, the thickness has a variation of less than 5%. In some embodiments, the glass material of the light guide plate is manufactured from a fusion draw process, a slot draw process, or a float process. In some embodiments, the glass comprises less than 1 ppm each of Co, Ni, and Cr. In some embodiments, the Fe concentration in the glass material is <about 50 ppm, <about 20 ppm, or <about 10 ppm. In some embodiments, Fe + 30Cr + 35Ni <about 60 ppm in the glass material, about 40 ppm in the glass material, about 20 ppm in the glass material, or about 10 ppm in the glass material. In some embodiments, the transmittance of the glass material at 450 nm for at least 500 mm length is greater than 85%, or the transmittance of the glass material at 550 nm for at least 500 mm length is greater than 90% The transmittance is 85% or more, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the transmittance of the glass material is substantially similar to the transmittance of the plastic material. In some embodiments, the glass material has a color shift of < 0.0015 or < 0.008. In some embodiments, the glass material has a color shift substantially similar to the color shift of the plastic material. In some embodiments, the glass material is disposed along the first edge, the second edge, the third edge, the fourth edge, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the glass material has a thickness of 0.4 * from the width of the article to 0.5 * the width of the article (the symbol "*" denotes "multiplication") to the first edge, 0.3 * from the width of the article to the first edge, 0.2 * from the width of the article to the first edge, 0.1 * from the width of the article to the first edge, 0.05 * 1 edge, or 0.01 * at a distance from the width of the article to the first edge. In some embodiments, the glass material is 0.5 * from the height of the article to the second edge, 0.4 * from the height of the article to the second edge, 0.3 * from the height of the article to the second edge is 0.2 From the height of the article to the second edge, 0.1 * from the height of the article to the second edge, 0.05 * from the height of the article to the second edge, or 0.01 * from the height of the article, .

Additional features and advantages of the present disclosure will be set forth in part in the description that follows, and in part will be obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art from the description, or may be learned by a person skilled in the art, Will be recognized by performing the methods as described herein.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description present various embodiments of the disclosure and are intended to provide an overview or framework for understanding the nature and character of the disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate various embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles and operations of the present disclosure.

The following detailed description can be better understood when read in conjunction with the following drawings.
1A to 1E are pictorial representations of exemplary embodiments of a composite light guide plate.
2 is a graph showing the distance between LED and LGP edge versus the percentage of optical coupling.
3 is a graph showing the expected coupling (in the absence of Fresnel losses) as a function of the distance between LGP and LED of a 2 mm thick LED coupled to a 2 mm thick LGP.
Figure 4 is a pictorial representation of the coupling mechanism from LED to glass LGP.
5 is a graph showing the expected angular energy distribution calculated from the surface topology.
6 is a cross-sectional depiction of an exemplary LCD panel having an LGP in accordance with one or more embodiments.

Described herein are composite light guide plates, methods of manufacturing composite light guide plates, and backlight units using composite light guide plates according to embodiments of the present subject matter.

Current light guide plates used in LCD backlighting applications are typically made of PMMA material because this is one of the best materials in terms of optical transmission in the visible spectrum. However, PMMA and other polymers can be used in a variety of applications including, for example, rigidity, moisture absorption, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), and at relatively low temperatures (E. G., Greater than 50 inches diagonal length) in terms of mechanical design, such as distortion and creep of the substrate.

Regarding stiffness, typical LCD panels are made of two thin glass plates with a PMMA light guide and a plurality of thin plastic films (diffusers, dual brightness enhancement films (DBEF) films, etc.) (Color filter substrate and TFT substrate). Due to the poor modulus of elasticity of the PMMA, the overall structure of the LCD panel does not have sufficient rigidity and additional mechanical structure is required to provide stiffness to the LCD panel. It should be noted that PMMA generally has a Young's modulus of about 2 GPa, while certain exemplary glasses have a Young's modulus in the range of about 60 GPa to 90 GPa or more.

With respect to moisture absorbance, humidity testing shows that PMMA is moisture sensitive and can vary in size by about 0.5%. For a PMMA panel having a length of 1 meter, this 0.5% change can increase the length by 5 mm, which is significant and makes the mechanical design of the corresponding backlight unit difficult. Conventional methods for solving this problem are to leave an air gap between the light emitting diodes (LEDs) and the PMMA light guide plate (LGP) so that the material can expand. A problem with this approach is that the optical coupling is extremely sensitive to the distance from the LEDs to the LGP, which can cause the display brightness to vary as a function of humidity. 2 is a graph showing the distance between the LED and the LGP edge versus the percentage of optical coupling. Referring to Figure 2, the relationship is shown, which represents a disadvantage of the conventional method for solving the problems of PMMA. More specifically, FIG. 2 assumes that both LED-to-LGP distance versus optical coupling plots have a height of 2 mm. As the distance between the LED and LGP increases, it can be observed that the optical coupling made between the LED and LGP is less efficient.

With respect to CTE, the CTE of PMMA is about 75E-6C ^-1 and has a relatively low thermal conductivity (0.2W / m / K), while some glasses have a CTE of about 8E-6C ^{-1 and} a CTE of about 0.8W / K of thermal conductivity. Of course, the CTEs of the other glasses may be different, and such disclosure does not limit the scope of the claims appended hereto. PMMA also has a transition temperature of about 105 &lt; 0 &gt; C, and when used as LGP, the PMMA LGP material can become very hot because its low conductivity makes it difficult to dissipate heat. Thus, deformation and / or creep of the PMMA can make the PMMA unsuitable as part of the LGP closest to the heat source. Other polymers, such as styrene-methacrylate copolymer (MS) polycarbonate (PC) or cyclic olefin copolymer (COC), have a melting point below 200 ° C and even below 150 ° C Of glass transition temperatures and may be significantly deformed and / or creeped when exposed to high temperatures (e.g., high intensity LEDs). Thus, the use of a composite structure of glass and plastic instead of PMMA as a material for the light guide plates offers benefits in these respects, but conventional glass has a relatively poor transmittance compared to PMMA, mainly due to iron and other impurities.

Composite light guide structure and composition

1A to 1E are pictorial representations of exemplary embodiments of a composite light guide plate. 1A-1E, there is shown a first surface 110 (i.e., a first major surface), which may be a front surface, and a second surface (i.e., a second major surface), opposite the first surface, There is provided an exemplary embodiment having the shape and structure of an exemplary composite light guide plate 100 including a composite sheet of a material (e.g., plastic and glass) having a certain thickness. The first and second surfaces may have a height (H) and a width (W). Wherein the first and / or second side (s) have a roughness of less than 0.6 nm, less than 0.5 nm, less than 0.4 nm, less than 0.3 nm, less than 0.2 nm, less than 0.1 nm, ).

The sheet may have a thickness (T) between the front surface and the back surface, and the thickness forms four edges. The thickness of the sheet may be less than the height and width of the front and rear surfaces. In various embodiments, the thickness of the plate may be less than 1.5% of the height of the front and / or rear surface. Alternatively, the thickness T may be less than about 3 mm, less than about 2 mm, less than about 1 mm, or between about 0.1 mm and about 3 mm. The height, width, and thickness of the composite light guide plate can be configured and dimensioned for use in LCD backlight applications.

Referring to FIG. 1A, the first edge 130 may be, for example, a light injection edge that receives light provided by a light emitting diode (LED). All or a portion of the first edge 130 may be comprised of a glass or glass-ceramic material 130a. The glass or glass ceramic material may be coplanar with the plastic material 130b in the light guide plate 100. The glass or glass-ceramic portion 130a and the plastic portion 130b may be secured together using suitable optical coupling adhesives known in the art. The interface of these two or more portions 130a, 140a, 130b may be substantially planar, faceted, parabolic, or any other suitable or complex shape as desired. As used herein, " coplanar " means that a material (i.e., glass, glass-ceramic, or plastic) shares at least one major surface with other materials on the same plane. In some embodiments, a distance less than 0.5 * W to the first edge 130 may be a glass, or less than 0.4 * W to the first edge 130 may be glass, or the first edge 130 may be glass, Or less than 0.2 * W up to the first edge 130 may be free or less than 0.1 * W up to the first edge 130 may be free glass, Less than 0.05 * W up to edge 130 may be advantageous, or less than 0.01 * W up to said first edge 130 may be free, and may be all subranges therebetween. The light injection edge can scatter light with a full width half maximum (FWHM) of less than 12.8 degrees during transmission. The light injection edge grinds the edge without polishing the light injection edge ).

The glass sheet may further include a second edge 140 adjacent to the light injection edge and a third edge opposite the second edge and adjacent to the light injection edge, wherein the second edge and / The 3 edges scatter light within an angle of FWHM of less than 12.8 degrees at the time of reflection. The second edge 140 and / or the third edge may have a diffusion angle of less than 6.4 degrees at the time of reflection. Although the embodiment shown in FIG. 1A illustrates a single edge 130 into which light is injected, any one or more of the edges of the exemplary embodiment 100 may be light injected, It should be noted that it should not be restricted. For example, in some embodiments, the first edge 130 and its opposite edge may both be light injected (FIG. 1B) and include corresponding portions 130a of glass material. In other embodiments, the second edge 140 and / or one or both of its opposite edges may include light-injected portions (Figures 1c and 1d) and corresponding portions 140a of glass material . In further embodiments, the second edge 140 and the opposing edge and the first edge 130 and the opposite edge thereof can be injected with light (FIG. 1E) and corresponding portions of glass material 140a , 130a (e.g., a circumferential portion). In such embodiments, a distance of less than 0.5 * H up to the second edge 140, less than 0.5 * W up to the first edge 130, and / or the respective opposing edges may be advantageous; 0.4 * H up to the second edge 140, less than 0.4 * W up to the first edge 130, and / or the respective opposing edges may be free; 0.3 * H up to the second edge 140, less than 0.3 * W up to the first edge 130, and / or each of the opposing edges may be free; 0.2 * H up to the second edge 140, less than 0.3 * W up to the first edge 130, and / or the respective opposing edges may be free; 0.1 * H up to the second edge 140, less than 0.1 * W up to the first edge 130, and / or each of the opposite edges may be free; 0.05 * H up to the second edge 140, less than 0.05 * W up to the first edge 130, and / or each of the opposite edges may be free; Or 0.01 * H up to the second edge 140, less than 0.01 * W up to the first edge 130, and / or the respective opposing edges may be free; And all subranges therebetween. Of course, Figures 1a-1e depict a rectangular or square article, but the exemplary embodiments may be used in a display device having large and / or curved widths W or heights H, The scope of the claims appended hereto.

Additional embodiments may inject light into the second edge 140 and its opposite edge, rather than the first edge 130 and / or its opposite edge. The thickness of exemplary display devices may be less than about 10 mm, less than about 9 mm, less than about 8 mm, less than about 7 mm, less than about 6 mm, less than about 5 mm, less than about 4 mm, less than about 3 mm, or less than about 2 mm. In some embodiments, the widths (W _G) of the glass portion of the composite structure is approximately 0.1cm≤W _G ≤10cm, about 1cm≤W _G ≤10cm In some embodiments, in some embodiments from about 2cm≤ W _G, may be in some embodiments at about 10cm≤W _G, and in some embodiments from about 1cm≤W _G ≤50cm.

In various embodiments, the glass ancillary phase of the glass portion of the laminate sheet comprises 60-80 mol% SiO ₂ , 0-20 mol% Al ₂ O ₃ , and 0-15 mol% B ₂ O ₃ , and And may include an iron (Fe) concentration of less than 50 ppm. In some embodiments, there may be less than 25 ppm Fe, or in some embodiments the Fe concentration may be less than about 20 ppm. In various embodiments, the heat conduction of the glass portion of the composite light guide plate 100 may be greater than 0.5 W / m / K. In further embodiments, the glass portion of the composite sheet may be formed of a material selected from the group consisting of a polished float glass, a fusion draw process, a slot draw process, a re-draw process, Process. &Lt; / RTI &gt; The glass portion (s) may be suitably attached to the plastic portion of the composite sheet by an optically clear adhesive (OCA). Exemplary OCA materials include, but are not limited to, 8142KCL, 8146-X, 8173D, 817xCL, 817cPCL, 821X, 826x, 9483, and other suitable OCAs (tape or liquid). Exemplary plastic materials suitable for use in the plastic part or section 130b of exemplary composite sheets or light guide plates 100 include polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate But are not limited to, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polymethylmethacrylate, polyether ether ketone, polyethylene naphthalate, poly (etyelene succinate), poly But are not limited to, polypropylene (styrene-methacrylate copolymer (MS), cyclic olefin copolymer (COC), and other suitable polymer materials.

According to one or more embodiments, the glass portion of the LGP can be made from glass comprising colorless oxide compositions selected from the glass formers SiO ₂ , Al ₂ O ₃ , and B ₂ O ₃ . The exemplary glass may also include fluxes to obtain desirable melting and molding characteristics. These fluxes include alkali oxides (Li ₂ O, Na ₂ O, K ₂ O, Rb ₂ O, and Cs ₂ O) and alkaline earth metal acid complexes (MgO, CaO, SrO, ZnO and BaO). In an embodiment, the glass comprises from 60 to 80 mole percent SiO ₂ , from 0 to 20 mole percent Al ₂ O ₃ , from 0 to 15 mole percent B ₂ O ₃ , and from 5 to 20 percent alkaline oxide , Alkaline earth metals, or combinations thereof.

In some glass compositions described herein, SiO ₂ may serve as the basic glass formers. In certain embodiments, the glass has a density and chemical durability suitable for display glasses or light guide plate glasses, and a liquidus temperature that allows the glass to be formed by a down-draw process (e. G., A fusion process) to provide the viscosity) may be a concentration of SiO ₂ is more than 60 mol%. In view of the upper limit, the SiO ₂ concentration is generally less than or equal to about 80 mol% to allow the batch materials to melt using conventional high volume melting techniques, such as Joule melting in a refractory melting vessel . As the concentration of SiO ₂ increases, the 200 poise temperature (melting temperature) generally increases. In various applications, the SiO ₂ concentration is adjusted such that the glass composition has a melting temperature of 1750 ° C or less. In various embodiments, the mole percent of SiO ₂ ranges from about 60% to about 80%, or alternatively from about 66% to about 78%, or from about 72% to about 80%, or from about 65% Within about 79% range, and between subranges therebetween. In further embodiments, the mole percent of SiO ₂ may be between about 70% and about 74%, or between about 74% and about 78%. In some embodiments, the mole percent of SiO ₂ may be about 72% to 73%. In other embodiments, the mole percent of SiO ₂ may be from about 76% to about 77%.

Al ₂ O ₃ is another glass former used to make the glasses described herein. The higher molar percent of Al ₂ O ₃ can improve the annealing point and modulus of the glass. In various embodiments, the mole percent of Al ₂ O ₃ can range from about 0% to about 20%, alternatively from about 4% to about 11%, or from about 6% to about 8% 3% to about 7%, and all subranges therebetween. In further embodiments, the mole percent of Al ₂ O ₃ may be between about 4% and about 10%, or between about 5% and about 8%. In some embodiments, the mole percent of Al ₂ O ₃ may be between about 7% and 8%. In other embodiments, the mole percent of Al ₂ O ₃ may be between about 5% and 6%.

B ₂ O ₃ is a glass former, a flux that helps melt and lower the melting temperature. This affects both the liquidus temperature and the viscosity. In order to achieve these effects, the glass compositions of one or more embodiments may have B ₂ O ₃ concentrations of at least 0.1 mol%; However, some compositions may have negligible amounts of B ₂ O ₃ . As discussed above with respect to SiO ₂ , glass durability is very important for display applications. The durability can be controlled to some extent by the increased concentrations of the alkaline earth metal oxides and can be considerably reduced by the increased B ₂ O ₃ content. As the B ₂ O ₃ increases, the annealing point decreases, so it may be helpful to keep the B ₂ O ₃ concentration low. Thus, in various embodiments, the molar percent of B ₂ O ₃ can range from about 0% to about 15%, or alternatively from about 0% to about 12%, or from about 0% to about 11% , In the range of about 3% to about 7%, or in the range of about 0% to about 2%, and all subranges therebetween. In some embodiments, the mole percent of B ₂ O ₃ may be between about 7% and 8%. In other embodiments, the mole percent of B ₂ O ₃ may be between about 0% and 1%.

In addition to the glass formers (SiO ₂ , Al ₂ O ₃ , and B ₂ O ₃ ), the glasses described herein also include alkaline earth metal oxides. In one embodiment, at least three alkaline earth metal oxides, such as MgO, CaO, and BaO, and optionally SrO, are part of the glass composition. The alkaline earth metal oxides provide various properties important to melting, fining, molding, and end-use in the glass. Therefore, in order to improve the glass performance in this respect, in one embodiment, the ratio of (MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO) / Al ₂ O ₃ is between 0 and 2.0. As this ratio increases, the viscosity tends to increase more strongly than the liquidus temperature and it is increasingly difficult to obtain suitably high values of T _35k -T _liq . Thus, in another embodiment, the (MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO) / Al ₂ O ₃ ratio is about 2 or less. In some embodiments, the (MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO ) / Al 2 O 3 ratio of, or within about 0 to about 1.0 range, or in the range of about 0.2 to about 0.6, from about 0.4 to about 0.6 in a . In detailed embodiments, the (MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO ) / Al 2 O 3 ratio is less than about 0.55, or less than about 0.4.

In certain embodiments of the present disclosure, the alkaline earth metal oxides may be treated as having a substantially single compositional composition. This is because the quality more similar to each other compared to the viscoelastic properties of, the liquidus temperature and the liquid phase relationship of their influence the glass-forming oxides on the SiO _2, Al ₂ O _3, and B ₂ O _3. However, each of the alkaline earth oxides CaO, SrO, and BaO is a feldspar mineral, especially cyano site _{(anorthite) (CaAl 2 Si 2} O 8) , and cell cyan _{(celsian) (BaAl 2 Si 2} O 8) and containing strontium Although solid solutions can be formed, MgO does not participate in such crystals to a significant degree. Thus, when the feldspar crystals are already in the liquid phase, excess MgO stabilizes the liquid compared to the crystals and thus lowers the liquidus temperature. At the same time, the viscosity curves are generally steeper and reduce the melting temperatures with little or no effect on the low temperature viscosity.

The inventors have found that the addition of small amounts of MgO can make melting beneficial by reducing melting temperatures and increasing liquid viscosity while preserving high annealing points. In various embodiments, the glass composition may range from about 0 mol% to about 10 mol%, or from about 1.0 mol% to about 8.0 mol%, or from about 0 mol% to about 8.72 mol% To about 7.0 mol%, or from about 0 mol% to about 5 mol%, or from about 1 mol% to about 3 mol%, or from about 2 mol% to about 10 mol% Or MgO in the range of about 4 mole% to about 8 mole%, and all subranges therebetween.

Without being bound by any particular theory of operation, the calcium oxides present in the glass composition can be used to produce low liquidus temperatures (high liquid viscosities), high annealing points and modulus, and CTEs in the most desirable range for display and light guide applications Can be produced. It also contributes favorably to chemical durability and is relatively inexpensive as a batch material compared to other alkaline earth metal oxides. However, at high concentrations, CaO increases density and CTE. Further, at sufficiently low SiO ₂ concentrations, CaO can stabilize the anotite and thus reduce the liquid viscosity. Thus, in one or more embodiments, the CaO concentration may be between 0 and 6 mol%. In various embodiments, the concentration of CaO in the glass composition ranges from about 0 mol% to about 4.24 mol%, or from about 0 mol% to about 2 mol%, or from about 0 mol% to about 1 mol% , Or from about 0 mole% to about 0.5 mole%, or from about 0 mole% to about 0.1 mole%, and all subranges therebetween.

Both SrO and BaO can contribute to low liquidus temperatures (high liquid viscosities). The choice and concentration of these scavengers can be chosen to avoid CTE and density increases and reductions in modulus and annealing points. The relative proportions of SrO and BaO can be balanced to obtain a suitable combination of physical properties and liquid viscosity such that the glass can be formed by a down-draw process. In various embodiments, the glass is present in the range of about 0 to about 8.0 mole%, or about 0 mole% to about 4.3 mole%, or about 0 to about 5 mole%, 1 mole% to about 3 mole% Less than about 2.5 mole percent, and all subranges of SrO. In one or more embodiments, the glass is present in the range of about 0 to about 5 mole percent, or 0 to about 4.3 mole percent, or 0 to about 2.0 mole percent, or 0 to about 1.0 mole percent, About 0.5 mole percent, and all subranges therebetween.

In addition to the above configurations, the glass compositions described herein may include various other oxides to control the various physical, melting, refining, and molding characteristics of the glasses. Examples of such other oxides are _{TiO 2, MnO, Fe 2 O} 3, ZnO, Nb 2 O 5, MoO 3, Ta 2 O 5, WO 3, Y 2 O 3, La 2 O 3, and CeO ₂ and other rare earth But are not limited to, oxides and phosphates. In one embodiment, the amount of each of these oxides may be 2.0 mol% or less, and their total combined concentration may be 5.0 mol% or less. In some embodiments, the glass composition comprises about 0 to about 3.5 mol%, or about 0 to about 3.01 mol%, or about 0 to about 2.0 mol%, and ZnO in amounts of all subranges therebetween . The glass compositions described herein may also include various contaminants introduced into the glass by melting, refining, and / or molding equipment used to produce the glass and / or associated with batch materials. The glass may also include the tin oxide material I containing lines and / or tin as a result of the melt with them, for example, SnO _2, SnO, SnCO _3, SnC ₂ O _2, such as SnO ₂ through batching (batching) of can do.

The glass compositions described herein may include some alkaline constituents. For example, these glasses are not alkali-free glasses. As used herein, "alkali free glass" is a glass having a total alkali concentration of 0.1 mol% or less, wherein the total alkali concentration is the sum of the Na ₂ O, K ₂ O, and Li ₂ O concentrations. In some embodiments, the glass is in the range of about 0 to about 3.0 mole percent, in the range of about 0 to about 3.01 mole percent, in the range of about 0 to about 2.0 mole percent, in the range of about 0 to about 1.0 mole percent, Less than 3.01 mole percent, or less than about 2.0 mole percent, and all subranges of Li ₂ O therebetween. In other embodiments, the glass is present in the range of about 3.5 mol% to about 13.5 mol%, in the range of about 3.52 mol% to about 13.25 mol%, in the range of about 4 to about 12 mol%, in the range of about 6 mol% to about 15 mol% , Or in the range of from about 6 to about 12 mole percent, and all subranges of Na ₂ O therebetween. In some embodiments, the glass is present in the range of about 0 to about 5.0 mole percent, in the range of about 0 to about 4.83 mole percent, in the range of about 0 to about 2.0 mole percent, in the range of about 0 to about 1.0 mole percent, Less than about 4.83 mole percent, and K ₂ O in all subranges therebetween.

In some embodiments, the glass compositions described herein may have one or more of the following formulation characteristics: (i) an As ₂ O ₃ concentration of up to 0.05 mole percent; (Ⅱ) Sb ₂ O ₃ concentrations of up to 0.05 mol%; (Iii) a SnO ₂ concentration of at most 0.25 mol%.

As ₂ O ₃ is an effective high temperature clarifier for display glasses, and in some embodiments described herein, As ₂ O ₃ is used for clarification due to its excellent clarifying properties. However, As ₂ O ₃ is toxic and requires special handling during the glass manufacturing process. Thus, in certain embodiments, clarification is performed without the use of significant amounts of As ₂ O ₃ . That is, the finished glass has a maximum of 0.05 mol% As ₂ O ₃ . In one embodiment, As ₂ O ₃ is not intentionally used for clarification of the glass. In this case, the finished glass generally has a maximum of 0.005 mol% As ₂ O ₃ as a result of the contaminants present in the batch materials and / or the equipment used to melt the batch materials.

Although not toxic as As ₂ O ₃ , Sb ₂ O _{3 is} also toxic and requires special handling. Furthermore, Sb ₂ O ₃ is to increase the density as compared to glass using an As ₂ O ₃ or SnO ₂ fining agent, increases the CTE and, lowering the annealing point. Thus, in certain embodiments, fining is performed without the use of a large amount of Sb ₂ O _3. That is, the finished glass has a maximum Sb ₂ O ₃ of 0.05 mol%. In another embodiment, Sb ₂ O ₃ is is not used intentionally for the refining of the glass. In this case, the finished glass generally has a maximum of 0.005 mol% Sb ₂ O ₃ as a result of the contaminants present in the batch materials and / or the equipment used to melt the batch materials.

Compared to As ₂ O ₃ and Sb ₂ O ₃ clarification, tinning (ie, SnO ₂ clarification) is less effective, but SnO ₂ is a common material that does not have known harmful properties. In addition, for many years, SnO ₂ has been a component of display glasses through the use of tin oxide electrodes in line melting of batch materials for such glasses. The presence of SnO _{2 in} the display glass did not cause any known negative effects on the use of these glasses in the manufacture of liquid crystal displays. However, high concentrations of SnO ₂ are not preferred because they can cause the formation of crystal defects in display glasses. In one embodiment, the concentration of SnO _{2 in} the finished glass is in the range of about 0.25 mole percent or less, about 0.07 to about 0.11 mole percent, about 0 to about 2 mole percent, and all subranges therebetween.

Annotation refinement can be used alone or in combination with other refinement techniques as needed. For example, annotations can be combined with halide refinement, for example, bromine refinement. Other possible combinations include, but are not limited to, tin perchlorate plus sulphate, sulphide, cerium oxide, mechanical bubbling, and / or vacuum clarification. It is believed that these other refinement techniques can be used alone. In certain embodiments, maintaining the (MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO) / Al ₂ O ₃ ratio and individual alkaline earth metal concentrations within the above ranges makes the clarification process easier and more efficient to perform.

In various embodiments, the glass may comprise R _x O, where R is Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs and x is 2 or R is Zn, Mg, Ca, Sr, 1. In some embodiments, R _x O-Al ₂ O ₃ > 0. In another embodiment, 0 < R _x O-Al ₂ O ₃ < 15. In some embodiments, R _x O / Al ₂ O ₃ is between 0 and 10, between 0 and 5, between 1 and 1.5 to 3.75, or between 1 and 6, or between 1.1 and 5.7, All sub-ranges. In other embodiments, 0 < R _x O-Al ₂ O ₃ < 15. In further embodiments, x = 2 and R ₂ O-Al ₂ O ₃ <15, <5, <0, -8 to 0, or -8 to -1, and all subranges therebetween. In further embodiments, R ₂ O-Al ₂ O ₃ <0. In further embodiments, x = 2 and R ₂ O-Al ₂ O ₃ -MgO>-10,> -5, between 0 and -5, between 0 and -2,> -2, between -5 and 5, -4.5 to 4, and all subranges therebetween. In further embodiments, x = 2 and R _x O / Al ₂ O ₃ are between 0 and 4, between 0 and 3.25, between 0.5 and 3.25, between 0.95 and 3.25, and all subranges therebetween. These ratios play an important role in establishing the manufacturability of the glass articles and in determining the permeation performance. For example, glasses with roughly zero or more R _x O-Al ₂ O ₃ will tend to have better melt quality, but if R _x O-Al ₂ O ₃ is too large, the transmission curve will be negatively affected will be. Similarly, if R _x O-Al ₂ O ₃ (e.g., R ₂ O-Al ₂ O ₃ ) is within a given range as described above, the glass retains its meltability and inhibits the liquidus temperature of the glass And will have high transmittance in the visible spectrum. Similarly, the R ₂ O-Al ₂ O ₃ -MgO values described above can also help to suppress the liquidus temperature of the glass.

In one or more embodiments and as noted above, exemplary glasses may have low concentrations of elements that produce visible absorption when in a glass matrix. These absorbers include a partially cold f, containing transition metal elements such as Ti, B, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu and Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, And rare earth elements having orbitals. Of these, the most abundant common raw materials used for glass melting are Fe, Cr, and Ni. Iron is a common contaminant in the sand that is the source of SiO ₂ and is also a common contaminant in the source materials of aluminum, magnesium, and calcium. Chromium and nickel are generally present in low concentrations in common glass raw materials, but they can be present in various sand minerals and must be controlled at low concentrations. In addition, chromium and nickel can be added to the structural steel through corrosion of steel-lined mixers or screw feeders, for example, when the raw material or cullet is jaw-crushed, Can be introduced through contact with the same stainless steel. In some embodiments, the concentration of iron may be specifically less than 50 ppm, more specifically less than 40 ppm, or less than 25 ppm, and the concentration of Ni and Cr may specifically be less than 5 ppm, and more specifically less than 2 ppm. In further embodiments, the concentrations of all the other absorbents listed above may be less than 1 ppm each. In various embodiments, the glass comprises less than 1 ppm Co, Ni, and Cr or alternatively less than 1 ppm Co, Ni, and Cr. In various embodiments, the transition metal elements (V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) may be present in the glass at up to 0.1 wt%. In some embodiments, the concentration of Fe may be <about 50 ppm, <about 40 ppm, <about 30 ppm, <about 20 ppm, or about 10 ppm. In other embodiments, Fe_30Cr + 35Ni <about 60 ppm, about 50 ppm <about 40 ppm, about 30 ppm, about 20 ppm, or about 10 ppm.

Even when the concentration of the transition metal is within the range described above, there may be a matrix and a redox effect that cause unwanted absorption. As one example, it is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art that iron occurs in the +3 or ferric state, and in the +2 or ferrous state, both valencies. In glass, Fe ³⁺ absorbs at about 380, 420, and 435 nm, while Fe ²⁺ absorbs mostly IR wavelengths. Thus, according to one or more embodiments, it may be desirable to force as much iron as possible into the ferros state to achieve a high transmittance at visible wavelengths. One non-limiting method to achieve this is to add components that are essentially reducing agents to the glass batch. These components may include reduced forms of carbon, hydrocarbons, or certain sub-metals, such as silicon, boron, or aluminum. However, if the iron level is within the stated range, at least 10% of the iron in the ferous state and more specifically more than 20% of the iron in the ferous state are achieved according to one or more embodiments, . Thus, in various embodiments, the concentration of iron in the glass produces an attenuation of less than 1.1 dB / 500 mm in the glass sheet. Furthermore, in various embodiments, the ratio (Li ₂ O + Na ₂ O + K ₂ O + Rb ₂ O + Cs ₂ O + MgO + ZnO + CaO + SrO + BaP) / Al ₂ O ₃ in the borosilicate glass is 0 The concentration of V + Cr + Mn + Fe + Co + Ni + Cu produces a light attenuation of less than 2 dB / 500 nm in the glass sheet.

The valence and coordination state of iron within the glass matrix can also be influenced by the bulk composition of the glass. For example, the iron redox ratio was tested in a molten glass of a SiO ₂ -K ₂ O-Al ₂ O ₃ system which was equilibrated in air at high temperature. It has been found that the ratio of Fe 3 + iron increases with the ratio K ₂ O / (K ₂ O + Al ₂ O ₃ ), which will translate from short wavelength to larger absorption from a practical point of view. During the search for the matrix _{effect, (Li 2 O + Na 2} O + K 2 O + Rb 2 O + Cs 2 O) / Al 2 O 3 and (MgO + CaO + ZnO + SrO + BaO) / Al 2 O ₃ &lt; / RTI &gt; ratio can also be important in maximizing the transmittance in borosilicate glasses. Thus, for the R _x O ranges described above, the transmittance at the exemplary wavelengths can be maximized for a given iron content. This is partly due to the matrix effect associated with the higher proportion of Fe ²⁺ and iron coordination environments.

The attenuation of light within the glass or polymer LGP can be determined from the relationship provided below.

(One)

Where alpha (alpha) is the absorbance in dB, and T is the transmittance through the glass sheet measured in air (including pressnel return losses corresponding to about 4% per glass-air interfaces). The terms? _(?) And T _(?) Refer to absorbance and transmittance, respectively, at the wavelength (?) In nm of the LGP. The terms alpha (polymer) and T (polymer) refer to the absorbance of each polymer and the transmittance of the polymer. The terms alpha _INT and T _INT refer to the internal absorbance and internal transmittance of the LGP, respectively.

The attenuation per unit length in the LGP section can be determined using the following relationship.

(2)

(I.e., the edges 130 and 140 of the LGP 110, as shown in FIGS. 1A and 1C), and the LGP distance is the width in cm the light is transmitted through (i.e., a width W W _1G and _2G) of the part of the glass (130a or 140a). The terms W _G and W _P refer to the width of the glass and polymer portions of the LGP, respectively. The terms W _1P and W _2P refer to the width of the polymeric portions of the LGP 110, respectively. It should be noted that these widths are not shown in FIG. 1B, FIG. 1D, and FIG. 1E only for clarity of each of the figures. However, each of the glass and polymer portions in these figures has these widths. The terms Ω (glass) and Ω (polymer) refer to the absorbance per unit length in dB / cm of glass and polymer, respectively. In some embodiments, 0.1 cm? W _{G? 10} cm, in some embodiments 1 cm? W _{G? 10} cm, in some embodiments 2 cm? W _G , in some embodiments 10 cm? W _G , Gt; _{W &lt; /} RTI &gt; In some embodiments,? (Free)? 0.7dB / cm at 450nm and? (Free)? 0.5dB / cm at 550nm or? (Free)? 0.7dB / cm at 630nm. In some embodiments,? (Free)? 0.35 dB / cm at 450 nm and? (Free)? 0.25 dB / cm at 550 nm or? (Free)? 0.35 dB / cm at 630 nm. In some embodiments,? (Free)? 0.14dB / cm at 450nm and? (Free)? 0.10dB / cm at 550nm or? (Free)? 0.14dB / cm at 630nm. In some embodiments, Ω (glass) ≤0.07dB / cm at 450 nm and Ω (glass) ≤0.05dB / cm at 550nm or Ω (glass) ≤0.07dB / cm at 630nm. In some embodiments,? (Free)? 0.014 dB / cm at 450 nm and? (Free)? 0.010 dB / cm at 550 nm or? (Free)? 0.014 dB / cm at 630 nm. In some embodiments, the 0.007dB / cm≤Ω (glass) ≤0.7dB / cm with respect to the _G 1cm≤W ≤10cm, and all 450nm wavelength of at least 630nm or less. In some embodiments, the 0.35dB≤Ω (glass) ≤0.7dB respect to 1cm≤W _G ≤10cm, and all 450nm wavelength of at least 630nm or less.

3 is a graph showing the expected coupling (without a loss of pressnel loss) as a function of the distance between LGP and LED for a 2 mm thick LED coupled into a 2 mm thick LGP. Referring to FIG. 3, the light injection in the exemplary embodiment primarily involves placing the LGP near one or more light emitting diodes (LEDs). According to one or more embodiments, efficient optical coupling from LED to LGP suffers from the use of LEDs having a thickness or height less than or equal to the thickness of the sheet. Thus, according to one or more embodiments, the distance from the LED to the LGP may be controlled to enhance LED light injection. Figure 3 shows the expected coupling (without a loss of the fresnel) as a function of its distance, considering 2mm high LEDs coupled into a 2mm thick LGP. According to FIG. 3, the distance should be about 0.5 mm to maintain about 80% bond. When plastic such as PMMA is used as a conventional LGP material, placing the LGP in physical contact with the LEDs is somewhat problematic. First, a minimum distance is required to allow the material to expand. Also, LEDs tend to be significantly heated, and in the case of physical contact, the PMMA can approach its Tg (105 DEG C versus PMMA). When the PMMA was brought into contact with the LEDs, the measured temperature rise was close to about 50 ° C due to the LEDs. Thus, for a PMMA LGP, a minimum air gap is required, which weakens the coupling as shown in FIG. According to embodiments of the subject where glass and plastic composite LGPs are used, heating of the glass is not a problem since the Tg (glass transition temperature) of the glass is much higher, and the glass makes the LGP an additional heating mechanism Physical contact can actually be beneficial because it has a sufficiently large thermal conductivity coefficient.

Figure 4 is a pictorial representation of the coupling mechanism from LED to composite LGP. 5, assuming that the LED is close to a lambertian emitter and that the refractive index of the glass is about 1.5, the angle alpha will be less than 41.8 degrees (such as 1 / 1.5) and beta is 48.2 degrees (90 -?). Since the total internal reflection (TIR) angle is approximately 41.8 degrees, this means that all light remains in the guide and the coupling is close to 100%. At the level of LED injection, the injection surface may cause some diffusion, which will increase the angle at which light propagates into the LGP. If this angle is greater than the TIR angle, light can leak from the LGP and cause a coupling loss. However, the condition for not introducing a considerable loss is that the light scattering angle is 48.2-41.8 = +/- 6.4 degrees (scattering angle <12.8 degrees). Thus, according to one or more embodiments, the plurality of edges of the LGP may have a mirror polish to improve LED coupling and TIR. In some embodiments, three of the four edges have a mirrored polish. Of course, these angles are exemplary only, and exemplary scattering angles may be <20 degrees, <19 degrees, <18 degrees, <17 degrees, <16 degrees, <14 degrees, <13 degrees, <12 degrees, <11 degrees , Or < 10 degrees, and should not limit the claims appended hereto. Further, exemplary diffusing angles upon reflection can be in the range of <15 degrees, <14 degrees, <13 degrees, <12 degrees, <11 degrees, <10 degrees, <9 degrees, <8 degrees, <7 degrees, 5 degrees, < 4 degrees, or < 3 degrees.

In some embodiments, the back side of the LGP glass and / or the plastic portions for further heat dissipation from the LGP may include a heat sink. Exemplary heat sinks may comprise a metal or other suitable thermally conductive material. Non-limiting examples include metal-filled polymers and metal films, iron and alloys thereof, aluminum and alloys thereof, silver and alloys thereof, stainless steel alloys, and the like. Some exemplary heat sinks may also have a thermal conductivity greater than 1 W (mK), in some embodiments greater than 10 W (mK), in some embodiments greater than 40 W (mK), and in some embodiments greater than 100 W Conductive materials. In some embodiments, the thickness of the thermally conductive material is greater than 10 microns, in other embodiments greater than 100 microns, in other embodiments greater than 500 microns, and in other embodiments, greater than 500 microns and less than 5 mm.

5 is a graph showing the expected angular energy distribution calculated from the surface topology. Referring to FIG. 5, a normal texture of an edge having a relatively high roughness width (1 mm order) but with relatively low special frequencies (20 μm order) is shown, which causes a low scattering angle. Further, this figure shows the expected angular energy distribution calculated from the surface topology. As can be seen, the scattering angle can be much less than 12.8 degrees in half-width (FWHM).

In terms of surface definition, the surface can be characterized by a local gradient distribution? (X, y) that can be calculated, for example, by taking the derivative of the surface profile. The angular deflection in the glass can be calculated by first order approximation as follows.

Thus, the surface roughness condition is θ (x, y) <n * 6.4 degrees with TIR at two adjacent edges.

LCD panel stiffness

One characteristic of an LCD panel is its overall thickness. In conventional attempts to make thinner structures, the lack of sufficient stiffness has become a serious problem. Stiffness, however, can be increased to an exemplary composite LGP because the modulus of elasticity of the glass is significantly larger than that of PMMA. In some embodiments, all of the components of the panel may be joined together at the edges to obtain maximum benefit from a stiffness standpoint.

6 is a cross-sectional depiction of an exemplary LCD panel with LGPs in accordance with one or more embodiments. 6, an exemplary embodiment of a panel structure 500 is provided. The structure includes an LGP 100 mounted on a backplate 550, the light of which can be moved and redirected towards the LCD and the observer. Exemplary LGP 100 may include any of the embodiments described above with reference to Figs. 1A through 1E illustrating glass or glass-ceramic portions 130a and 140a and plastic portions 130b. For clarity only, a single edge glass portion 130a is shown in FIG. 6, but such description should not limit the scope of the claims appended hereto. The structural component 555 can secure the LGP 100 to the backplate 550 and create a gap between the backside of the LGP and the backplate. A reflecting and / or diffusing film 540 may be positioned between the backside of the LGP 100 and the backplate 550 to send recycled light back to the LGP 100. A plurality of light sources 200 (e.g., LEDs, organic light emitting diodes OLEDs, or cold cathode fluorescent lamps CCFLs) may be located adjacent the light injection edge 130 of the LGP, Where the LEDs have a width equal to the thickness of the LGP 100 and are at the same height as the LGP 100. These light sources 200 may be used in some embodiments as a suitable adhesive 595, Such as optically transparent adhesives, etc. In other embodiments, a suitable adhesive 595 may be replaced by an air gap (not shown). &Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 &gt; Conventional LCDs & One or more backlight film (s) 570 may be positioned adjacent to the front of the LGP 100. The LCD panel 580 may also include structural elements, such as LEDs or CCFLs, (585) of the LGP 100 And the backlight film (s) 570 may be positioned in a gap between the LGP 100 and the LCD panel 580. Light from the LGP 100 may be incident on the film 570, which can backscatter high angle light and reflect low angle light back toward the reflective film 540 for recycling and can be directed forward (e.g., toward the user The bezel 520 or other structural member may hold the layers of the assembly in place. A liquid crystal layer (not shown) may be used, and the structure may be rotated And may include optoelectronic materials that cause polarization rotation of any light passing therethrough. Other optical configurations may include, for example, prismatic films, polarizers, or TFT arrays. , Wherein each of said optical filters described herein may be combined to achieve a transparent light guide plate with a partner in a transparent display device. In some embodiments, the LGP can be coupled to the structure (using optically transparent adhesive (OCA) or pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA)), wherein the LGP is part of the structural components of the panel And is placed in optical contact. In other words, a portion of the light may leak from the composite light guide through the adhesive. This leaked light can be scattered or absorbed by these structural components. As described above, this problem can be avoided if the first edge to which the LEDs are coupled to the LGP and two adjacent edges where the light should be reflected to the TIR are suitably prepared.

Exemplary widths and heights of the LGPs generally depend on the size of each LCD panel. It should be noted that embodiments of the present subject matter are applicable to any size LCD panel regardless of small (<40 "diagonal) or large (> 40" diagonal) displays.

Color shift compensation

Reducing the iron concentration in the previous glasses minimized the absorption and yellow shift, but it was difficult to completely eliminate it. The measured Δx, Δy for PMMA for the propagation distance of about 700 mm were 0.0021 and 0.0063. For the glasses with the composition ranges described herein, this was < 0.015, less than 0.0021 in the exemplary embodiments, and less than 0.0063. For example, in some embodiments, the color shift was measured at 0.007842 and in other embodiments at 0.005827. In order to solve the residual color shift, several exemplary solutions can be implemented. In one embodiment, a light guide blue painting may be used. By painting the light guide with blue, it is possible to increase the absorption of red and green artificially and increase the light extraction of blue. Thus, knowing how much color absorption difference exists, a blue paint pattern that can compensate for color shift can be calculated and applied inversely. In one or more embodiments, shallow surface scattering features may be used to extract light with wavelength dependent efficiency. By way of example, a square grating may have an optical path difference of half a wavelength? And has maximum efficiency. Thus, exemplary textures may be used primarily to extract blue and may be added to the main light extraction texture. In further embodiments, image processing may also be used. For example, an image filter that attenuates blue near the edge into which the light is injected may be applied. This may require a shift of the color of the LEDs themselves to maintain a correct white color. In further embodiments, the pixel structure can be used to resolve the color shift by adjusting the surface ratio of RGB pixels in the panel and increasing the surface of the blue pixels away from the edge where the light is injected. In the exemplary embodiments, the glass material of the composite light guide plate 100 or sheet may have substantially the same or the same color shift as the plastic material of the composite light guide plate 100.

Examples and glass compositions

In addition to the exemplary compositions, the attenuation effects of each configuration can be evaluated by identifying the wavelengths in the visible region that are most strongly attenuated. In the examples shown in Table 1, the absorption coefficients of the various transition metals were determined experimentally in relation to the concentrations of Al ₂ O ₃ versus R _x O. (However, for simplicity only the modifier Na ₂ O is shown below.)

dB / ppm / 500mm Al ₂ O _3> Na ₂ O Al ₂ O ₃ = Na ₂ O Al ₂ O ₃ < Na ₂ O V 0.119 0.109 0.054 Cr 2.059 1.869 9.427 Mn 0.145 0.06 0.331 Fe 0.336 0.037 0.064 Co 1.202 2.412 3.7 Ni 0.863 0.617 0.949 Cu 0.108 0.092 0.11

With the exception of V (vanadium), the minimum attenuation is found in Al ₂ O ₃ = Na ₂ O or more generally Al ₂ O ₃ to R _x O glasses. In various cases, the transition metals can take on more than one valence (e. G., Fe can be both +2 and +3) so that to some extent the redox ratio of these various valences is affected by the bulk composition . Particularly when there is a change in the number of closest anions (also called coordination numbers), the transition metals are derived from the interactions of electrons in the partially filled d-orbitals with surrounding anions (in this case, oxygen) Or " ligand field " effects of &lt; / RTI &gt; Therefore, both redox ratio and crystal field effects are likely to contribute to this result.

The absorption coefficients of the various transition metals can also be used to determine the attenuation of the glass composition over the path length in the visible spectrum (i.e., between 380 and 700 nm), as shown in Table 2 below.

Al ₂ O ₃ - R _x O = 4 0.119V + 2.059Cr + 0.145Mn + 0.336Fe + 1.202Co + 0.863Ni + 0.108Cu <2 Al ₂ O ₃ to R _x O = 0 0.109V + 1.869Cr + 0.06Mn + 0.037Fe + 2.412Co + 0.617Ni + 0.092Cu <2 Al ₂ O ₃ < R _x O = -4 0.054V + 9.427Cr + 0.331Mn + 0.064Fe + 3.7Co + 0.949Ni + 0.11Cu < 2

Of course, the values identified in Table 2 are illustrative only and should not limit the claims appended hereto. For example, it has also been unexpectedly found that a high permeability glass can also be obtained when Fe + 30Cr + 35Ni <60ppm. In some embodiments, the concentration of Fe may be <about 50 ppm, <about 40 ppm, <about 30 ppm, <about 20 ppm, or about 10 ppm. In other embodiments, Fe + 30Cr + 35Ni <about 50 ppm, about 40 ppm, about 30 ppm, about 20 ppm, or about 10 ppm.

Tables 3 and 4 provide some illustrative non-limiting examples of glasses prepared for embodiments of the present subject matter.

wt% mol% SiO ₂ 66.72 77.22 SiO ₂ (diff) 67.003 Al ₂ O ₃ 12 7.62 B ₂ O ₃ 8.15 7.58 Li ₂ O 0 0 Na ₂ O 7.73 8.08 K ₂ O 0.013 0.01 ZnO 0 0 MgO 1.38 2.22 CaO 0.029 0.03 SrO 3.35 2.09 BaO 0.08 SnO ₂ 0.176 0.08 Fe ₂ O ₃ 0.12

wt% mol% SiO ₂ 74.749 76.37 SiO ₂ (diff) 74.847 Al ₂ O ₃ 8.613 5.18 B ₂ O ₃ 0 0 Li ₂ O 0 0 Na ₂ O 11.788 11.66 K ₂ O 0.003 0 ZnO 0 0 MgO 4.344 6.61 CaO 0.027 0.03 SrO 0 0 BaO 0 0 SnO ₂ 0.24 0.1 Fe ₂ O ₃ 0.128

Exemplary compositions as thus far described may thus have a strain point in the range of about 525 DEG C to about 575 DEG C, about 540 DEG C to about 570 DEG C, or about 545 DEG C to about 565 DEG C, Lt; / RTI &gt; In one embodiment, the strain point is about 547 占 폚, and in another embodiment, the strain point is about 565 占 폚. Exemplary annealing points may range from about 575 DEG C to about 625 DEG C, from about 590 DEG C to about 620 DEG C, and all subranges therebetween. In one embodiment, the annealing point is about 503 占 폚, and in another embodiment, the annealing point is about 618 占 폚. The exemplary softening point of the glass is in the range of about 800 ° C to about 890 ° C, about 820 ° C to about 880 ° C, or about 835 ° C to about 875 ° C, and all subranges therebetween. In one embodiment, the softening point is about 836.2 占 폚, and in another embodiment, the softening point is about 874.7 占 폚. The density of exemplary glass compositions ranges from about 1.95 gm / cc @ 20 C to about 2.7 gm / cc @ 20 C, from about 2.1 gm / cc @ 20 C to about 2.4 gm / cc @ 20 C, 2.4 gm / cc @ 20 C, and all subranges therebetween. In one embodiment, the density is about 2.389 gm / cc @ 20C, and in another embodiment the density is about 2.388 gm / cc @ 20C. The CTEs (0-300 占 폚) for the exemplary embodiments range from about 30x10-7 / 占 폚 to about 95x10-7 / 占 폚, from about 50x10-7 / 占 폚 to about 80x10-7 / 占 폚, or about 55x10-7 / Lt; 0 &gt; C to about 70 x 10 &lt; -7 &gt; / C, and all subranges therebetween. In one embodiment, the CTE is about 55.7 x 10 &lt; -7 &gt; / DEG C, and in another embodiment, the CTE is about 69 x 10 &

The specific embodiments and compositions described herein provided transmittance from 400-700 nm of greater than 90%, greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, and even greater than 95%. Thus, the exemplary embodiments described herein have transmittance at 450 nm at 450 nm of greater than 85%, greater than 90%, greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, and even greater than 95% . Exemplary embodiments described herein may also have a transmittance of greater than 90%, greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, and even greater than 96% at 550 nm at a length of 500 mm. Additional embodiments described herein can have a transmittance of greater than 85%, greater than 90%, greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, and even greater than 95% at 630 nm at a length of 500 mm. In some embodiments, the transmittance of the glass material of the light guide plate 100 is substantially similar to or the same as the transmittance of the plastic material of the light guide plate at the same wavelengths.

In at least one embodiment, the LGP has a width of at least about 1270 mm and a thickness between about 0.5 mm and about 3.0 mm, and the LGP has a transmittance of at least 80% per 500 mm. In various embodiments, the thickness of the LGP is between about 1 mm and about 8 mm, and the width of the plate is between about 1100 mm and about 1300 mm.

In one or more embodiments, the glass portions of the LGP may be enhanced. For example, certain features may be provided in the exemplary glass used for the LGP, such as a suitable compression stress (CS), a high depth of compressive layer (DOL), and / or a suitable center tension . One exemplary process involves chemically strengthening the glass by preparing a glass sheet capable of ion exchange. The glass sheet may then undergo an ion exchange process, after which the glass sheet may undergo an anneal process if desired. Of course, if the CS and DOL of the glass sheet are required at the level resulting from the ion exchange step, no annealing step is required. In other embodiments, an acid etch process may be used to increase the CS on suitable glass surfaces. The ion exchange process may be carried out in a molten salt bath containing the glass sheet KNO ₃ , preferably in the range of about 1 to 24 hours, and / Followed by a relatively pure KNO ₃ for the first hour of about 8 hours, without limitation. Other salt bath compositions are possible, and it should be noted that taking these alternatives into account is well within the skill of those of ordinary skill in the art. Thus, the disclosure of KNO ₃ should not limit the claims appended hereto. This exemplary ion exchange process can produce an initial CS at the surface of the glass sheet, an initial DOL into the glass sheet, and an initial CT in the glass sheet. The anneal can then produce the final CS, final DOL, and final CT as desired.

Examples

The following examples are presented below to illustrate methods and results in accordance with the disclosed subject matter. These examples are not intended to encompass all embodiments of the subject matter disclosed herein, and are intended to illustrate representative methods and results. These examples are not intended to exclude equivalents and modifications of this disclosure which are obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art.

Although efforts have been made to ensure accuracy with respect to numbers (e.g., amounts, temperatures, etc.), some errors and deviations should be considered. Unless otherwise stated, the temperature is in degrees Celsius or room temperature, and the pressure is at or near atmospheric. The compositions themselves are given in mole% on an oxide basis and are normalized to 100%. There are numerous variations and combinations of reaction conditions, such as composition concentrations, temperatures, pressures and product purity from the described process, and other reaction ranges and conditions that can be used to optimize yield. Only reasonable and routine experiments will be required to optimize these process conditions.

The glass properties given in this specification and in Table 5 below have been determined according to techniques common in the glass industry. Thus, the linear thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) over the temperature range of 25-300 ° C is expressed as x 10-7 / ° C, and the annealing point is expressed in ° C. These were determined from fiber elongation techniques (ASTM reference numbers E228-85 and C336, respectively). The density in grams / cm &lt; 3 &gt; was measured by the Archimedes method (ASTM C693). The melting temperature in degrees Celsius (defined as the temperature at which the glass melt exhibits a viscosity of 200 poises) is calculated using a Fulcher equation fit to the high temperature viscosity data measured through a rotary cylinder viscometer (ASTM C965-81) .

The liquidus temperature of the glass in degrees Celsius was measured using the standard gradient boat liquidus method of ASTM C829-81. This involves placing the ground glass particles in a platinum boat, placing the boat in a furnace having regions of gradient temperatures, heating the boat in an appropriate temperature region for 24 hours, Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 &gt; of high temperature. &Lt; / RTI &gt; Specifically, the glass sample was removed in one piece from the Pt boat and irradiated using Pt polarizing microscope to confirm the position and properties of Pt and air interfaces, and of crystals formed within the sample. Since the gradient of the furnace is well known, the temperature versus position can be well estimated within 5-10 占 폚. The temperature at which the crystals are observed within the sample is taken to represent the liquidus of the glass (during the corresponding test time). To observe slower growth phases, the test is often performed for a longer time (e.g., 72 hours). The liquid phase viscosity in poise units was determined from the liquidus temperature and the coefficients of the pooled form. If included, the Young's modulus in GPa units was determined using the resonant ultrasound spectroscopy technique of the general type shown in ASTM E1875-00e1.

Exemplary glasses of the tables herein were prepared using commercial glass ground as a silica source such that 90 weight percent of the silica source passed through a standard US100 mesh sieve. Alumina was an alumina source, periclase was a source of MgO, limestone was a source of CaO, strontium carbonate, strontium nitrate or a mixture thereof was the source of SrO, barium carbonate was the source of BaO, (IV) oxide was the source of SnO ₂ . The raw materials were thoroughly mixed and mounted in a platinum container suspended in a furnace heated by silicon carbide glowbars, melted and stirred for several hours at temperatures between 1600 and 1650 C to ensure uniformity, Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 &gt; platinum &lt; / RTI &gt; The resulting patties of glass were annealed at or near the annealing point and then subjected to various experimental methods to determine the physical, viscosity and liquid characteristics.

These methods are not unique and the disclosures of the tables herein may be prepared using standard methods well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. These methods include a continuous melting process, which may be performed, for example, in a continuous melting process, wherein the melt used in the continuous melting process is heated by gas, by an electric power source, or by a combination thereof.

Suitable raw materials for producing exemplary glasses are commercially available sand as sources for SiO ₂ ; As sources for Al ₂ O ₃ , aluminas, aluminum hydroxides, alumina in hydrated form, and various aluminosilicates, nitrates and halides; Sources for B ₂ O ₃ include boric acid, anhydrous boric acid and boron oxide; Sources for MgO include ferricles, dolomites (also sources of CaO), magnesia, magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, and various forms of magnesium silicates, aluminosilicates, nitrates and halides ; As sources for CaO, limestone, aragonite, dolomite (which is also the source of MgO), wollastonite, and various forms of calcium silicates, aluminosilicates, nitrates and halides; And oxides of strontium and barium, carbonates, nitrates and halides. When chemical refining agents are required, tin may be added to SnO ₂ , oxides mixed with other major glass constituents (e.g., CaSnO 3), or with SnO in oxidizing conditions, tin oxalate, tin halide, May be added to the tin compounds known to the skilled artisan.

The glasses in the tables herein may contain SnO2 as a fining agent, but other chemical fining agents may also be used to obtain a glass of sufficient quality for display applications. For example, exemplary glasses can use any one or a combination of As2O3, Sb2O3, CeO2, Fe2O3, and halides as intentional additives to facilitate clarification, any of which may include SnO2 chemical It can be used with a fining agent. Of these, As2O3 and Sb2O3 are generally recognized as toxic materials and are controlled, for example, in waste streams that can occur during the glass manufacturing process or during the processing of TFT panels. It is therefore preferred to limit the concentrations of As2O3 and Sb2O3 to 0.005 mol% or less individually or in combination.

In addition to the deliberately added elements into the exemplary glasses, low levels of contamination in the raw materials, through high temperature erosion of refractories and noble metals in the manufacturing process, or to low levels Through intentional introduction, almost all the stable elements in the periodic table are present in the glass at a certain level. For example, zirconium can be introduced as a contaminant through interaction with zirconium-rich refractories. As a further example, platinum and rhodium can be introduced through interaction with precious metals. As a further example, iron may be introduced as a tramp in the raw materials or intentionally added to improve the control of the gas contents. As a further example, manganese may be introduced to control color or to improve the control of gas inclusions.

Hydrogen is inevitably present in the form of the hydroxyl anion OH-, and its presence can be ascertained through standard infrared spectroscopy techniques. The dissolved hydroxyl ions have a significant and non-linear effect on the annealing point of the exemplary glasses, and thus it may be necessary to adjust the concentrations of the major oxide constituents to compensate to obtain the desired annealing point. The hydroxyl ion concentration can be controlled to some extent through selection of raw materials or selection of the melting system. For example, boric acid is a major source of hydroxyls, and replacing boric acid with boron oxide may be a useful method of controlling the hydroxyl concentration in the final glass. The same deductions apply to other possible raw materials including compounds containing hydroxyl ions, hydrates, or physically adsorbed or chemisorbed water molecules. When burners are used in the melting process, the hydroxyl ions can be introduced through the combustion products from the combustion of natural gas and related hydrocarbons, and thus the energy used for melting to compensate can be transferred from the burners to the electrode . &Lt; / RTI &gt; Alternatively, an iterative process of adjusting the major oxide configurations may be used instead to compensate for the deleterious effects of dissolved hydroxyl ions.

Sulfur is often present in natural gas and is also a tramp component in many carbonate, nitrate, halide, and oxide raw materials. In the form of SO2, sulfur may be a problematic source of gas inclusion. The tendency to form SO2-rich defects can be managed to a considerable extent by controlling the level of sulfur in the raw material and by including low levels of relatively reduced polyvalent cations into the free matrix. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is likely that SO2-enriched gas inclusions occur primarily through the reduction of sulfate (SO4 &lt; - &gt;) dissolved in the glass. The elevated barium concentration of the exemplary glass is shown to increase the yellow retention in the early stages of melting in the glass, but as noted above, barium has a low liquidus temperature and thus a high T35k-Tliq and a high liquid It is required to obtain viscosity. Controlling intrinsically low levels of sulfur in the raw materials is a useful way to reduce dissolved sulfur (mainly sulfate) in the glass. In particular, sulfur is preferably less than 200 ppm by mass in the batch materials, and more preferably less than 100 ppm by mass in the batch material.

Reduced polygons can also be used to control the tendency of the exemplary glasses to form SO2 bubbles. Without wishing to be bound by theory, these elements act as electron donors that inhibit the electromotive force of potential silver sulfate reduction. Sulfate reduction can be written in terms of half reactions, for example SO4 = - SO2 + O2 + 2e-, where e represents electrons. The equilibrium constant for the half reaction is Keq = [SO2] [O2] [e-] 2 / [SO4 =], where parentheses represent chemical activities. Ideally, you would want to force the reaction to produce sulfate from SO2, O2, and 2e-. Adding nitrates, peroxides, or other oxygen-rich raw materials may be helpful, but may act against sulfate reduction in earlier stages of melting, which may hinder the benefit of adding them from scratch. SO2 has a very low solubility in most glasses, so adding to the glass melting process is impractical. Electrons can be " added " through reduced multidentates. For example, the appropriate half cycle reaction of ferrous ion (Fe2 +) is expressed as 2Fe2 + → 2Fe3 + + 2e-.

The "activity" of electrons can be forced to the left by a sulfate reduction reaction, stabilizing SO4 = in the glass. Suitable reduced polyatoms include, but are not limited to, Fe2 +, Mn2 +, Sn2 +, Sb3 +, As3 +, V3 +, Ti3 +, and others familiar to those of ordinary skill in the art. In each case, minimizing concentrations of these components to avoid deleterious effects on the color of the glass, or, in the case of As and Sb, avoiding adding these components to a sufficiently high level for waste management problems during the end-user's process It can be important.

In addition to the major oxide components of the exemplary glasses and the ancillary or tramp configurations mentioned above, halides introduced as contaminants introduced through the selection of raw materials or as intentional components used to remove gaseous inclusions in the glass, Lt; / RTI &gt; As clarifying agents, halides may be included at levels of up to about 0.4 mole%, but it is desirable to use a generally lower possible amount to avoid corrosion of off-gas handling equipment. In some embodiments, the concentrations of each halide configuration are less than about 200 ppm by mass for each halide, or less than about 800 ppm by mass for the sum of all halide configurations.

In addition to these major oxide components, ancillary and tramp components, polyelectrics and halide refining agents, it may be useful to include low concentrations of other colorless oxide components to achieve desired physical, optical, or viscoelastic properties have. These oxides can be selected from the group consisting of TiO2, ZrO2, HfO2, Nb2O5, Ta2O5, MoO3, WO3, ZnO, In2O3, Ga2O3, Bi2O3, GeO2, PbO, SeO3, TeO2, Y2O3, La2O3, Gd2O3 and others known to those of ordinary skill in the art But is not limited to these. Through an iterative process of adjusting the relative proportions of the major oxide components of exemplary glasses, these colorless oxides can be added to the annealing point, T35k-Tliq , or up to a level of up to about 2 mole% .

Table 5 shows examples of high permeability glasses (Samples 1-106) as described herein. Glass compositions suitable for exemplary composite articles and light guide plates are also set forth in Table 6-12 below, so these examples should, however, not limit the claims appended hereto.

Table 6 provides alkali-containing and ion-exchangeable glasses suitable for the exemplary composite light guide plates and articles described herein.

mole% SiO ₂ 54-72 Al ₂ O ₃ 8-17 B ₂ O ₃ 0-8 P ₂ O ₅ 0-7 R ₂ O 12-20 RO 0-8 B ₂ O ₃ + P ₂ O ₅ 0-10 Al ₂ O ₃ + B ₂ O ₃ + P ₂ O ₅ 8-25

Table 7 provides display glasses suitable for the exemplary composite light guide plates and articles described herein.

mole% SiO ₂ 62-75 Al ₂ O ₃ 8-15 B ₂ O ₃ 0-12 RO 8-17 P ₂ O ₅ 0-3

Table 8 provides sodalime glass compositions suitable for the exemplary composite light guide plates and articles described herein.

mole% SiO ₂ 63-81 Al ₂ O ₃ 0-2 MgO 0-6 CaO 7-14 Li ₂ O 0-2 Na ₂ O 9-15 K ₂ O 0-1.5 Fe ₂ O ₃ 0-0.6 Cr ₂ O ₃ 0-0.2 MnO ₂ 0-0.2 Co ₃ O ₄ 0-0.1 TiO ₂ 0-0.8 SO ₃ 0-0.2 Se 0-0.1

Table 9 provides borosilicate glass compositions suitable for exemplary composite light guide plates and articles herein.

mole% SiO ₂ 43-74 B ₂ O ₃ 0-8.5 Al ₂ O ₃ 6-10 MgO 0.5-9 CaO 15-28 Na ₂ O 0-2.5 K ₂ O 0-0.5 Fe ₂ O ₃ 0-0.3 TiO ₂ 0-1 F 0-2

Table 10 further provides display glass compositions suitable for the exemplary composite light guide plates and articles described herein.

mole% SiO ₂ 62-85 Al ₂ O ₃ 0.5-2.5 MgO 0-2.7 CaO 0-4.5 SrO 0.5-7.5 BaO 0.5-6.5 Li ₂ O 0-1.5 Na ₂ O 6-11 K ₂ O 4-7 Fe ₂ O ₃ 0-0.2 TiO ₂ 0-0.5 CeO ₂ 0-0.3 ZrO ₂ 0-2 PbO 0-1 ZnO 0-1.5 As ₂ O ₃ 0-0.1 Sb ₂ O ₃ 0-0.2 F 0-3

Table 11 further provides borosilicate glass compositions suitable for the exemplary composite light guide plates and articles described herein.

mole% SiO ₂ 65-85 Al ₂ O ₃ 1-5 B ₂ O ₃ 8-15 CaO 0-2.5 Na ₂ O 3-9 K ₂ O 0-2 BaO 0-1

Table 12 provides additional borosilicate glass compositions suitable for the exemplary composite light guide plates and articles described herein.

mole% SiO ₂ 50-78 B ₂ O ₃ 2.5-9 Al ₂ O ₃ 0-4 MgO 1.5-8 CaO 5-15 Na ₂ O 12-18 K ₂ O 0-1.5 Fe ₂ O ₃ 0-0.3 F 0-2.5 SO ₃ 0-0.2

As mentioned in the foregoing Tables and Discussions, an exemplary article includes a front surface having a width and height, a rear surface opposite the front surface, and a first edge, a second edge, a third edge, And a composite sheet having a thickness between the front and back surfaces forming the four edges, wherein the composite sheet comprises both glass and plastic materials. In some embodiments, the plastic material is selected from the group consisting of polyketal methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polymethylmethacrylate, polyetheretherketone, polyethylene naphthalate, poly Succinate), polypropylene, styrene-methacrylate copolymer (MS), and cyclic olefin copolymer (COC). In some embodiments, the glass material comprises between about 65.79 mol% and about 78.17 mol% SiO ₂ , between about 2.94 mol% and about 12.12 mol% Al ₂ O ₃ , between about 0 mol% and about 11.16 mol% B ₂ O ₃ , between about 0 mol% and about 2.06 mol% Li ₂ O, between about 3.52 mol% and about 13.25 mol% Na ₂ O, between about 0 mol% and about 4.83 mol% K ₂ O, between about 0 mol% Between about 0 mol% and about 4.2 mol% of CaO, between about 0 mol% and about 6.17 mol% of SrO, between about 0 mol% and about 4.3 mol% of BaO , And from about 0.07 mol% to about 0.11 mol% SnO ₂ . In some embodiments, the glass material comprises SiO ₂ between about 66 mol% and about 78 mol%, Al ₂ O ₃ between about 4 mol% and about 11 mol%, B ₂ O ₃ between about 4 mol% and about 11 mol%, about 0 mol% To about 2 mol% Li ₂ O, between about 4 mol% and about 12 mol% Na ₂ O, between about 0 mol% and about 2 mol% K ₂ O, between about 0 mol% and about 2 mol% ZnO, between about 0 mol% MgO, CaO between about 0 mol% and about 2 mol%, SrO between about 0 mol% and about 5 mol%, BaO between about 0 mol% and about 2 mol%, and SnO ₂ between about 0 mol% and about 2 mol%. In some embodiments, the glass material comprises SiO ₂ between about 72 mol% and about 80 mol%, Al ₂ O ₃ between about 3 mol% and about 7 mol%, B ₂ O ₃ between about 0 mol% and about 2 mol%, about 0 mol% To about 2 mol% Li ₂ O, between about 6 mol% and about 15 mol% Na ₂ O, between about 0 mol% and about 2 mol% K ₂ O, between about 0 mol% and about 2 mol% ZnO, between about 2 mol% CaO between about 0 mol% and about 2 mol%, SrO between about 0 mol% and about 2 mol%, BaO between about 0 mol% and about 2 mol%, and SnO ₂ between about 0 mol% and about 2 mol%. In some embodiments, the glass material comprises SiO ₂ between about 60 mol% and about 80 mol%, Al ₂ O ₃ between about 0 mol% and about 15 mol%, B ₂ O ₃ between about 0 mol% and about 15 mol%, and about 2 mol % To about 50 mol% R _x O wherein R is any one or more of Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs and x is 2 or any one or more of Zn, Mg, Ca, Sr, X is 1, and Fe + 30Cr + 35Ni < about 60 ppm. In some embodiments, the glass material has a CTE between about 49.6 x 10 < -7 &gt; / DEG C and about 70 x 10 <&quot; 7 & In some embodiments, the glass material has a density between about 2.34 gm / cc @ 20C and about 2.53 gm / cc @ 20C. In some embodiments, the article is a light guide plate. In some embodiments, the display device includes such a light guide plate. In some embodiments, the thickness of the plate is between about 0.2 mm and about 8 mm. In some embodiments, the thickness has a variation of less than 5%. In some embodiments, the glass material of the light guide plate is manufactured from a fusion draw process, a slot draw process, or a float process. In some embodiments, the glass comprises less than 1 ppm each of Co, Ni, and Cr. In some embodiments, the concentration of Fe in the glass material is <about 50 ppm, <about 20 ppm, or <about 10 ppm. In some embodiments, Fe + 30Cr + 35Ni <about 60 ppm in the glass material, about 40 ppm in the glass material, about 20 ppm in the glass material, or about 10 ppm in the glass material. In some embodiments, the transmittance of the glass material at 450 nm for at least 500 mm length is greater than 85%, or the transmittance of the glass at 550 nm for at least 500 mm length is greater than 90%, or at least about 500 mm, The transmittance is 85% or more, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the transmittance of the glass material is substantially similar to the transmittance of the plastic material. In some embodiments, the glass material has a color shift of &lt; 0.015 or &lt; 0.008. The glass material has a color shift substantially similar to the color shift of the plastic material. In some embodiments, the glass material is positioned along the first edge, the second edge, the third edge, the fourth edge, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the glass material is 0.5 * from the width of the article to the first edge, 0.4 * from the width of the article to the first edge, 0.3 * from the width of the article to the first edge, 0.2 From the width of the article to the first edge, 0.1 * from the width of the article to the first edge, 0.05 * from the width of the article to the first edge, or 0.01 * from the width of the article, . &Lt; / RTI &gt; In some embodiments, the glass material is 0.5 * from the height of the article to the second edge, 0.4 * from the height of the article to the second edge, 0.3 * from the height of the article to the second edge is 0.2 From the height of the article to the second edge, 0.1 * from the height of the article to the second edge, 0.05 * from the height of the article to the second edge, or 0.01 * from the height of the article, .

It is to be understood that the various disclosed embodiments may involve certain features, elements, and steps described in connection with the specific embodiments. It is also to be understood that a particular feature, element, or step has been described in connection with one particular embodiment, but may be interchanged or combined with alternative embodiments in various non-illustrated combinations or permutations.

Also, as used herein, the terms "the", "a", or "an" mean "at least one" and, conversely, Will be. Thus, for example, reference to " ring " includes examples having two or more such rings unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Likewise, " plurality " or " array " is intended to denote " more than one. As such, the "plurality of water droplets" includes two or more such water droplets, such as three or more such droplets, and the "array of rings" includes two or more such droplets, such as three or more such rings.

Ranges may be expressed herein as "about" one specific value and / or "about" another specific value. When such a range is expressed, the examples include one specific value and / or another specific value. Similarly, where values are expressed as approximations, it will be understood that, by use of the " approximately " preceding, the particular value forms a different aspect. It will be further understood that the endpoints of the ranges are meaningful independent of and in relation to the other endpoints.

As used herein, the terms " substantial ", " substantially ", and variations thereof are intended to refer to the fact that the features described are the same or approximately the same as the values or descriptions. For example, a " substantially planar " surface is intended to represent a planar or substantially planar surface. Further, as defined above, " substantially similar " is intended to indicate that the two values are the same or approximately the same. In some embodiments, " substantially similar " may represent values within about 10% of each other, e.g. within about 5% of each other, or within about 2% of each other.

Unless expressly stated otherwise, no method presented herein is intended to be construed as requiring that the steps be performed in any particular order. Thus, it is not intended that any particular order be deduced, unless the method claim actually mentions the order in which the steps should follow or that the steps are not specifically referred to in the claims or the description as being limited in a particular order.

It is to be understood that various features, elements, or steps of certain embodiments may be initiated using the term " comprising ", but the terms " consisiting " or " It is to be understood that alternative embodiments are encompassed that may be utilized and described. Thus, for example, alternative embodiments implied for an apparatus comprising A + B + C include embodiments in which the apparatus is configured as A + B + C and embodiments in which the apparatus is essentially configured as A + B + C .

It will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. As modifications, sub-combinations and alterations of the disclosed embodiments, including the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, may occur to those of ordinary skill in the art, this disclosure is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to any of the appended claims and their equivalents Should be construed as including.

Claims (41)

A first edge, a second edge, a third edge, and a fourth edge around the front and back sides, a front surface having a width and a height, a rear surface opposite the front surface, The composite sheet comprising:
Characterized in that the composite sheet comprises both a coplanar relationship of glass material and a plastic material. A first edge, a second edge, a third edge, and a fourth edge around the front and back sides, a front surface having a width and a height, a rear surface opposite the front surface, ; And
A first edge, a second edge, a third edge, and a fourth edge around the front and back surfaces, a front surface having a width and a height, a rear surface opposite the front surface, A plastic sheet,
Wherein the front surfaces of the glass sheet and the plastic sheet are coplanar with respect to each other,
Wherein the glass sheet and the back surfaces of the plastic sheet are coplanar with respect to each other. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
The plastic material may be selected from the group consisting of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polymethylmethacrylate, polyehter ether ketone ), Polyethylene naphthalate, poly (ethylene succinate), polypropylene, stryene-methacrylate copolymer (MS), and cyclic olefin Wherein the polymer is selected from the group consisting of cyclic olefin copolymers (COC). The method according to claim 1 or 2,
The glass material
About 65.79 mol% (mol%) to about 78.17 mol% SiO ₂ ,
Between about 2.94 mol% and about 12.12 mol% Al ₂ O ₃ ,
Between about 0 mol% and about 11.16 mol% B ₂ O ₃ ,
Between about 0 mol% and about 2.06 mol% Li ₂ O,
Between about 3.52 mol% and about 13.25 mol% Na ₂ O,
Between about 0 mol% and about 4.83 mol% K ₂ O,
Between about 0 mol% and about 3.01 mol% of ZnO,
Between about 0 mol% and about 8.72 mol% MgO,
Between about 0 mol% and about 4.24 mol% CaO,
From about 0 mol% to about 6.17 mol% SrO,
Between about 0 mol% and about 4.3 mol% BaO, and
About 0.07 mol% to about 0.11 mol% SnO ₂ . The method according to claim 1 or 2,
The glass material
Between about 66 mol% and about 78 mol% SiO ₂ ,
Between about 4 mol% and about 11 mol% Al ₂ O ₃ ,
Between about 4 mol% and about 11 mol% B ₂ O ₃ ,
Between about 0 mol% and about 2 mol% Li ₂ O,
Between about 4 mol% and about 12 mol% Na ₂ O,
Between about 0 mol% and about 2 mol% K ₂ O,
Between about 0 mol% and about 2 mol% of ZnO,
Between about 0 mol% and about 5 mol% MgO,
Between about 0 mol% and about 2 mol% CaO,
Between about 0 mol% and about 5 mol% SrO,
Between about 0 mol% and about 2 mol% BaO, and
Article characterized in that it comprises from about 0mol% to about 2mol% between SnO _2. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
The glass material
Between about 72 mol% and about 80 mol% SiO ₂ ,
Between about 3 mol% and about 7 mol% Al ₂ O ₃ ,
Between about 0 mol% and about 2 mol% B ₂ O ₃ ,
Between about 0 mol% and about 2 mol% Li ₂ O,
Between about 6 mol% and about 15 mol% Na ₂ O,
Between about 0 mol% and about 2 mol% K ₂ O,
Between about 0 mol% and about 2 mol% of ZnO,
Between about 2 mol% and about 10 mol% MgO,
Between about 0 mol% and about 2 mol% CaO,
Between about 0 mol% and about 2 mol% SrO,
Between about 0 mol% and about 2 mol% BaO, and
Article characterized in that it comprises from about 0mol% to about 2mol% between SnO _2. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
The glass material
Between about 60 mol% and about 80 mol% SiO ₂ ,
Between about 0 mol% and about 15 mol% Al ₂ O ₃ ,
Between about 0 mol% and about 15 mol% B ₂ O ₃ , and
Between about 2 mol% and about 50 mol% R _x O,
R is any one or more of Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs, x is 2, or R is any one or more of Zn, Mg, Ca, Sr or Ba, x is 1,
Fe + 30Cr + 35Ni < about 60 ppm. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
The glass material
Between about 54 mol% and about 72 mol% SiO ₂ ,
Between about 8 mol% and about 17 mol% Al ₂ O ₃ ,
Between about 0 mol% and about 8 mol% B ₂ O ₃ ,
Between about 0 mol% and about 7 mol% of P ₂ O ₅ ,
Between about 12 mol% and about 20 mol% of R ₂ O (R is any one or more of Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs)
Between about 0 mol% and about 8 mol% RO (where R is any one or more of Zn, Mg, Ca, Sr, or Ba)
Between about 0 mol% and about 10 mol% B ₂ O ₃ + P ₂ O ₅ , and
And between about 8 mol% and about 25 mol% Al ₂ O ₃ + B ₂ O ₃ + P ₂ O ₅ . The method according to claim 1 or 2,
The glass material
From about 62 mol% to about 75 mol% SiO ₂ ,
Between about 8 mol% and about 15 mol% Al ₂ O ₃ ,
Between about 0 mol% and about 12 mol% B ₂ O ₃ ,
Between about 0 mol% and about 3 mol% P ₂ O ₅ , and
Between about 8 mol% and about 17 mol% RO (R is any one or more of Zn, Mg, Ca, Sr, or Ba). The method according to claim 1 or 2,
The glass material
Between about 63 mol% and about 81 mol% SiO ₂ ,
Between about 0 mol% and about 2 mol% Al ₂ O ₃ ,
Between about 0 mol% and about 2 mol% Li ₂ O,
Between about 9 mol% and about 15 mol% Na ₂ O,
Between about 0 mol% and about 1.5 mol% K ₂ O,
Between about 0 mol% and about 6 mol% MgO,
Between about 7 mol% and about 14 mol% CaO,
Between about 0 mol% and about 0.6 mol% Fe ₂ O ₃ ,
Between about 0 mol% and about 0.2 mol% Cr ₂ O ₃ ,
Between about 0 mol% and about 0.2 mol% MnO ₂ ,
Between about 0 mol% and about 0.1 mol% Co ₃ O ₄ ,
Between about 0 mol% and about 0.8 mol% TiO ₂ ,
Between about 0 mol% and about 0.2 mol% SO ₃ , and
From about 0 mol% to about 0.1 mol% Se. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
The glass material
Between about 43 mol% and about 74 mol% SiO ₂ ,
Between about 0 mol% and about 8.5 mol% B ₂ O _3,
Between about 6 mol% and about 10 mol% Al ₂ O ₃ ,
Between about 0 mol% and about _2.5 mol% Na ₂ O,
Between about 0 mol% and about 0.5 mol% K ₂ O,
Between about 0.5 mol% and about 9 mol% MgO,
Between about 15 mol% and about 28 mol% CaO,
Between about 0 mol% and about 0.3 mol% Fe ₂ O ₃ ,
Between about 0 mol% and about 1 mol% TiO ₂ , and
From about 0 mol% to about 2 mol% F. &lt; Desc / Clms Page number 12 &gt; The method according to claim 1 or 2,
The glass material
Between about 62 mol% and about 85 mol% SiO ₂ ,
Between about 0.5 mol% and about _2.5 mol% Al ₂ O ₃ ,
Between about 0 mol% and about 1.5 mol% Li ₂ O,
Between about 6 mol% and about 11 mol% Na ₂ O,
Between about 4 mol% and about 7 mol% K ₂ O,
Between about 0 mol% and about 2.7 mol% MgO,
Between about 0 mol% and about 4.5 mol% CaO,
Between about 0.5 mol% and about 7.5 mol% SrO,
Between about 0.5 mol% and about 6.5 mol% BaO,
Between about 0 mol% and about 0.2 mol% Fe ₂ O ₃ ,
Between about 0mol% to about 2mol% ZrO _2,
Between about 0 mol% and about 1 mol% PbO,
Between about 0 mol% and about 0.3 mol% CeO ₂ ,
Between about 0 mol% and about 0.5 mol% TiO ₂ ,
Between about 0 mol% and about 1.5 mol% of ZnO,
Between about 0 mol% and about 0.1 mol% As ₂ O ₃ ,
Between about 0 mol% and about 0.2 mol% Sb ₂ O ₃ , and
Characterized in that it comprises between about 0 mol% and about 3 mol% F. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
The glass material
Between about 65 mol% and about 85 mol% SiO ₂ ,
Between about 1 mol% and about 5 mol% Al ₂ O ₃ ,
Between about 8 mol% and about 15 mol% B ₂ O ₃ ,
Between about 3 mol% and about 9 mol% Na ₂ O,
Between about 0 mol% and about 2 mol% K ₂ O,
CaO between about 0 mol% and about 2.5 mol%, and
RTI ID = 0.0 &gt; 0% &lt; / RTI &gt; to about 1 mol% BaO. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
The glass material
Between about 50 mol% and about 78 mol% SiO ₂ ,
Between about 0 mol% and about 4 mol% Al ₂ O ₃ ,
Between about _2.5 mol% and about 9 mol% B ₂ O ₃ ,
Between about 12 mol% and about 18 mol% Na ₂ O,
Between about 0 mol% and about 1.5 mol% K ₂ O,
Between about 1.5 mol% and about 8 mol% MgO,
Between about 5 mol% and about 15 mol% CaO,
Between about 0 mol% and about 0.3 mol% Fe ₂ O ₃ ,
Between about 0 mol% and about 0.2 mol% SO ₃ , and
RTI ID = 0.0 &gt; 0% &lt; / RTI &gt; to about 2.5 mol%. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
Wherein the glass material has a CTE between about 30 x 10 ^-7 / C to about 120 x 10 ^-7 / C. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15,
Wherein the article is a light guide plate. A display device comprising the light guide plate according to claim 16. 18. The method of claim 16,
Wherein the thickness of the plate is from about 0.2 mm to about 8 mm. 18. The method of claim 16,
Wherein the thickness has a variation of less than 5%. 18. The method of claim 16,
Wherein the glass material of the light guide plate is manufactured from a fusion draw process, a slot draw process, or a float process. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
Wherein the glass comprises less than 1 ppm each of Co, Ni, and Cr. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
Wherein the concentration of Fe in the glass material is < about 50 ppm. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
The transmittance of the glass material for at least 500 mm to 450 nm is at least 85%, or the transmittance of the glass material for at least 500 mm to 550 nm is at least 90%, or the transmittance of the glass material for at least 630 nm is at least 85 % Or more, or combinations thereof. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
Wherein the transmittance of the glass material is substantially similar to the transmittance of the plastic material. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
Wherein the glass material has a color shift of < 0.008. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
Wherein the glass material has a color shift substantially similar to a color shift of the plastic material. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the glass material is disposed along the first edge, the second edge, the third edge, the fourth edge, or combinations thereof. The method of claim 2,
Wherein the glass material is disposed along the first, second, third, and fourth edges of the plastic material, or combinations thereof. The method according to claim 1,
0.3 * from the width of the article to the first edge, 0.2 * from the width of the article: 0.5 * from the width of the article to the first edge, 0.4 * from the width of the article to the first edge, 0.1 * from the width of the article to the first edge, 0.05 * from the width of the article to the first edge, or 0.01 * from the width of the article to the first edge Goods featured. The method according to claim 1,
0.3 * from the height of the article to the second edge, 0.2 * from the height of the article to the second edge from the height of the article to the second edge, 0.1 * from the height of the article to the second edge, 0.05 * from the height of the article to the second edge, or 0.01 * from the height of the article to the second edge Goods featured. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
The glass material articles, characterized in that, 1cm≤W _G ≤10cm has a width (W _G). The method according to claim 1 or 2,
The glass material has a width (W _G), characterized in that the article of 2cm≤W _G. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
The glass material articles, characterized in that, 1cm≤W _G ≤50cm has a width (W _G). The method according to claim 1 or 2,
(Glass)? 0.7dB / cm at 450nm and? (Free)? 0.5dB / cm at 550nm, or? (Free)? 0.7dB / cm at 630nm with absorbance? (Glass) Goods featured. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
(Glass)? 0.35dB / cm at 450nm,? (Free)? 0.25dB / cm at 550nm, or? (Free)? 0.35dB / cm at 630nm with absorbance? (Glass) Goods featured. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
(Glass)? 0.14dB / cm at 450nm,? (Free)? 0.10dB / cm at 550nm, or? (Free)? 0.14dB / cm at 630nm with absorbance? (Glass) Goods featured. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
(Glass)? 0.05dB / cm at 450nm,? (Free)? 0.05dB / cm at 550nm, or? (Free)? 0.07dB / cm at 630nm, with absorbance? (Glass) Goods featured. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
(Glass)? 0.014 dB / cm at 450 nm,? (Free)? 0.010 dB / cm at 550 nm, or? (Free)? 0.014 dB / cm at 630 nm, with absorbance? (Glass) Goods featured. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
(Glass)? 0.7dB / cm at 450nm and? (Free)? 0.5dB / cm at 550nm, or? (Free)? 0.7dB / cm at 630nm with absorbance? (Glass) Goods featured. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
The glass material is, 1cm≤W _G ≤10cm has a width (W _G),
Wherein the glass material has an absorbance? (Glass) and is 0.007 dB / cm? (Free)? 0.7 dB / cm for all wavelengths from 450 nm to 630 nm. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
The glass material is, 1cm≤W _G ≤10cm has a width (W _G),
Wherein the glass material has an absorbance? (Glass) and is 0.35dB / cm? (Free)? 0.7dB / cm for all wavelengths from 450nm to 630nm.

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