KR20180055003A - Cock Safety Device - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a cock safety device comprising: a cock body (10); a flow path opening/closing member (30) installed inside the cock body (10) and installed to be able to be vertically lifted/lowered so as to selectively block a supply flow path of hot or cold water; a driving shaft (40) to vertically lift/lower the flow path opening/closing member (30); an operation lever member (50); a water discharge button (20); and a safety cover (60) installed to surround the outer circumferential surface of the cock body (10) and having a button hole (64) penetrated on a front side to selectively expose the water discharge button (20) to the outside. As such, provided is an effect capable of preventing an accident caused by incorrect operation of a child or a baby.

Description

[0001] Cock Safety Device [

The present invention relates to a cock safety device, in which a safety cover is provided outside a cock body to prevent an outflow button from being exposed to the outside when a water purifier or a cold / hot water heater is not used, To a cork safety device which can be used.

Generally, a water purifier or a cold / hot water generator is a device for filtering raw water supplied to the inside or supplying purified water such as hot water or cold water to a user through a water tank in which purified water is stored. In such a water purifier or a cold / hot water generator, There is provided a water intake cock which supplies water.

The user can open the flow path inside the water purifier by pulling or pushing the water intake lever attached to the front surface of the water purifier main body in a predetermined direction. Generally, in the case of hot water discharged through a water purifier or a cold / hot water generator, a coke having a separate safety device is used to prevent a safety accident due to user's care because the temperature is very high.

In the case of the coke valve for the cold / warm water purifier described in Korean Patent No. 10-0303626, the intake lever can be operated only when the push button located at the front of the intake lever is pressed.

Therefore, it is possible to pressurize the water intake lever to the container in a state in which the water intake lever is operable by pressing the push button, so that cold water or hot water can be taken. When the water intake lever is returned to the original position after returning cold water or hot water and the push button is pressed again to return to the original position, the discharge port is not opened even if the water intake lever is pressed.

However, such a conventional cork valve has a problem in that when the push button is exposed to the outside at all times, anyone can easily press the push button, so that when children are carelessly operated, hot water gets out to the outside and safety accidents occur.

In addition, since the child-lock function currently sold on the market requires control by adding electronic components and mechanical components, the structure is complicated, and assembly efficiency and product manufacturing efficiency are poor.

Korean Patent Publication No. 10-0303626

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a safety cover for a water purifier or a cold / hot water heater, And to provide a cork safety device capable of preventing a safety accident caused by a malfunction of a button in advance.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cork safety device comprising: an inlet and an outlet for introducing and discharging hot or cold water; a cork A channel opening and closing member installed inside the cock body and vertically movably installed to selectively block hot water or cold water supply channels; and a valve unit installed at one side of the channel opening and closing member, A drive shaft which is connected to the flow path opening and closing member and moves up and down the flow path opening and closing member up and down and is rotatably installed at an end of the drive shaft, An operation lever member for elevating or lowering the cock to adjust the supply of hot water or cold water, And an opening and closing button for selectively locking and unlocking the movement of the flow path opening and closing member, and an outlet button provided to surround the outer circumferential surface of the cork body. The cocking body is movably installed in the cork body, And a safety cover selectively exposing the outflow button to the outside.

The safety cover may include a front cover portion disposed to cover the front of the cork body and covering the front of the cork body and having front and rear buttonholes extending through the front portion thereof and a front cover portion formed on both sides of the front cover portion, And a side cover portion covering both side surfaces of the cock body.

Between the safety cover and the cork body, a pair of elastic members, one end of which is connected to the cork body, and the other end of which is connected to the safety cover to elastically support the safety cover in an upward direction.

And a malfunction prevention protrusion protruding from a side surface of the side cover portion and selectively engaging with the operation lever member in accordance with the upward / downward movement of the safety cover to prevent malfunction of the operation lever member.

A first fixing protrusion protruding in a "┗" -shaped shape and having one end of the elastic member fixedly engaged with the first fixing protrusion is formed on the upper side of the coke body, And a second fixing protrusion coupled to the other end of the elastic member.

The coke safety device according to the present invention has the following effects.

In the present invention, when the water purifier or the cold / hot water heater is not used, a safety cover is provided in front of the outflow button, the outflow button is prevented from being exposed to the outside, thereby preventing malfunction of the outflow button.

Therefore, a separate safety cover is provided at the front of the head-out button to prevent a safety accident caused by a malfunction of a child or an infant, thereby minimizing the damage caused by a safety accident of a child or an infant.

In addition, since the operation lever member is not operated when the safety cover is not moved downward because the malfunction preventing protrusion is formed on the side surface of the safety cover, hot water or cold water can not be taken out. .

1 is a perspective view showing a configuration of a preferred embodiment of a cock safety device according to the present invention;
2 is an exploded perspective view showing the construction of a preferred embodiment of the cock safety device according to the present invention.
3 is a front view showing the construction of a preferred embodiment of the cock safety device according to the present invention.
4 is a plan view showing the construction of a preferred embodiment of the cock safety device according to the present invention.
5 is a side view showing the construction of a preferred embodiment of the cock safety device according to the present invention.
6 is a sectional view showing the construction of a preferred embodiment of the cock safety device according to the present invention.
7 is a rear view showing a configuration of a safety cover constituting an embodiment of the present invention.
8 is a perspective view showing the construction of a safety cover and a cork body constituting the embodiment of the present invention.
9 is a perspective view showing a state in which the safety cover according to the present invention is moved in the downward direction and the outflow button is exposed to the outside.
10 is a side view showing a state in which the safety cover according to the present invention is moved in the downward direction and the outflow button is exposed to the outside.
11 is a side view showing a state in which the safety cover according to the present invention is moved downward and the operation lever member is rotated backward.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of a cock safety device according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a construction of a preferred embodiment of the cock safety device according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing a construction of a preferred embodiment of the cock safety device according to the present invention. 4 is a top plan view showing the construction of a preferred embodiment of the cock safety device according to the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a view showing the construction of the cock safety device according to the present invention A side view showing the construction of a preferred embodiment of the cock safety device is shown and a sectional view showing the construction of a preferred embodiment of the cock safety device according to the present invention is shown in Fig.

1 to 6, the cock safety device according to the present invention is provided with an inflow portion 14 and an outflow portion 12 through which hot water or cold water flows in and out, and supplies hot water or cold water to the outside A flow path opening / closing member 30 installed inside the coke body 10 and vertically movable up and down to selectively block hot and cold water supply flow paths, A driving shaft 40 which is installed on one side of the coke body 10 and protrudes to the upper portion of the coke body 10 and is connected to the flow path opening and closing member 30 to move the flow path opening and closing member 30 up and down, An operation lever member 50 which is rotatably installed at the end of the drive shaft 40 and which is pivotally moved in accordance with a user's operation and which elevates the drive shaft 40 up and down to regulate the supply of hot water or cold water, , A protruding portion formed in front of the cock body (10) A water outlet button 20 for selectively locking and unlocking the movement of the flow path opening and closing member 30 and an outlet button 20 which is installed to surround the outer circumferential surface of the cock body 10, And a safety cover 60 which is movably installed up and down and has a button hole 64 formed in the front thereof to selectively expose the outflow button 20 to the outside.

The cock body 10 has a hollow cylindrical shape and includes an outflow portion 12 formed to be long in the up and down direction and a hollow cylindrical shape protruding from the right side surface of the outflow portion 12 An inflow section 14 formed to be long in the left and right direction, and the like.

The outflow part 12 is formed so that the upper and lower sides are respectively opened and a large number of parts are installed in the inner circumferential space and the hot water supplied through the inflow part 14 in communication with the inflow part 14, Or a part temporarily stored before cold water is discharged to the outside.

An inlet 14 is formed at the center of the right side of the outlet 12. The outlet (12) and the inlet (14) are formed integrally. The inflow portion 14 has a hollow cylindrical shape and is formed long in the left and right direction. The inflow portion 14 is formed to be long in the left and right center of the right side surface of the outflow portion 12 and communicates hot water or cold water supplied from the hot water tank or the cold water tank to the outflow portion 12 ).

On the left side surface of the outflow portion 12, an outflow button 20 is provided. The outgoing button 20 is a general button, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted. The outflow button 20 is provided on the side of the outflow portion and is pressed by the user's operation and returned to the home position by the return spring 22 of the lock shaft 24 to be described later.

A hooking end (22) is formed below the heading button (20). As shown in FIG. 2, the latching end 22 protrudes from the lower portion of the head-releasing button 20 and is formed integrally with the head-releasing button 20. 6, when the safety cover 60 to be described later is moved downward, the latching end 22 is brought into close contact with the upper surface of the latching jaw 80 to be described later, .

The latching end 22 is detached from the upper side of the latching jaw 80 when the water ejection button 20 is pressed so that the safety cover 60 to be described later is returned to the original position, As shown in FIG.

A lock shaft (24) is installed inside the head release button (20). The lock shaft 24 has a cylindrical shape and is formed long in the left and right direction. The lock shaft 24 is installed inside the outflow button 20 so that the outflow button 20 is moved from left to right as it is pressed from the left to the right, Direction.

On the right side of the lock shaft (24), a return spring (26) is provided. The return spring 26 is a general elastic spring, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted. The return spring 26 is provided between the lock shaft 24 and the inner circumferential surface of the outflow portion 12 to elastically support the lock shaft 24 in the direction of the outflow button 20. When the pushing force acting on the push button 20 is released by the resiliently supporting the lock shaft 24 by the return spring 26, the push button 20 returns to the home position and the lift The shaft 34 is moved downward and the supply of hot water or cold water is interrupted.

An elevation guide portion (28) is formed on the right outer peripheral surface of the lock shaft (24). As shown in FIG. 6, the elevation guide portion 28 is recessed in a trapezoidal shape on the lower surface of the lock shaft 24. A lifting shaft 34 to be described later is inserted into the lifting guide portion 28 to guide the lifting and lowering member 30 to be lifted up and down according to the lateral movement of the locking shaft 24. [

A flow path opening / closing member (30) is installed in the outflow portion (12). The flow path opening and closing member 30 has a cylindrical shape and is formed to be long in the up and down directions. The flow path opening and closing member 30 is provided inside the outflow portion 12 to close or open the lower end of the outflow portion 12 to control the supply of hot water or cold water.

A shaft receiving groove 32 is formed at an inner center of the flow path opening and closing member 30. The shaft accommodating groove 32 is formed at the center of the upper surface of the flow path opening and closing member 30 by a predetermined depth. A portion of the lifting shaft 34, which will be described later, is inserted and fixed in the shaft receiving groove 32.

An elevating shaft (34) is installed in the shaft receiving groove (32). The lifting shaft 34 has a cylindrical shape and is formed long in the vertical direction. The lower end of the lifting shaft 34 is fixed to the shaft receiving groove 32 and the upper end thereof is fixedly attached to the outer surface of the lock shaft 24. The upper end of the lifting shaft 34 is accommodated in the lifting guide 28 in accordance with the left and right movement of the lock shaft 24 and is lifted up and down by the lifting and lowering of the drive shaft 40, (30) up and down.

On the outer circumferential surface of the lifting shaft (34), a lifting spring (36) is provided. The lifting springs 36 are installed on the outer circumferential surface of the lifting shaft 34 to elastically support the lifting shaft 34 in the upward direction.

On the upper side of the lifting shaft 34, a drive shaft 40 is installed. The drive shaft 40 is formed in a rectangular parallelepiped shape and includes a drive shaft 42 formed to be long in the vertical direction and a drive shaft 42 integrally formed with the drive shaft 42 and protruding from both sides of the lower surface of the drive shaft 42 And a pressing protrusion 44 for selectively pressing the lifting shaft 34 in accordance with the upward and downward movement of the driving shaft 42. [

A portion of the drive shaft 42 protrudes outside the coke body 10 and is connected to an operation lever member 50 to be described later and is lifted up and down according to the rotation of the operation lever member 50.

A pushing protrusion 44 protrudes from the lower portion of the drive shaft 42. The pushing protrusions 44 are formed as a pair and protrude from the lower surface of the drive shaft 42 at a predetermined distance. The lock shaft 24 is inserted between the pushing projections 44 and presses the lift shaft 34 downward.

When the drive shaft 42 moves upward, the pushing protrusion 44 releases the pushing action of the lifting shaft 34 to move the flow path opening / closing member 30 in the upward direction, The lower end of the outflow portion 12 is opened and hot water or cold water exits to the outside.

That is, when the up-and-down button 20 is pressed by the user, the lock shaft 24 is moved from the left to the right, and the upper end of the lift shaft 34 is inserted into the lift guide portion 28 The operation lever member 50 to be described later moves the drive shaft 42 in an upward direction so that the flow path opening and closing member 30 opens the lower end of the outflow portion 12. [

Even when the operation lever member 50 to be described later is rotated, only the drive shaft 42 is lifted upward and the upper end of the lifting shaft 34 is lifted upward The flow path opening / closing member 30 is not opened because it is not inserted into the elevation guide portion 28.

"자 형상으로 이루어져, 상기 회동몸체(52)를 상,하로 회전시키는 레버지지대(54)와, 상기 레버지지대(54)의 하단부 사이에 설치되며, 소정두께를 가지는 원호형 판재로 이루어져 사용자의 손이 파지되는 누름판(58) 등으로 구성된다.An operation lever member 50 is provided on the upper side of the drive shaft 40. The operating lever member 50 includes a rotating body 52 installed to surround both sides of the driving shaft 40 and having a fixing pin 41 inserted therein and the driving shaft 40 being fixedly coupled to the inside thereof, Fixed on both sides of the rotating body 52,

Like member having a predetermined thickness and provided between the lower end of the lever support 54 and the lever support 54 for rotating the rotary body 52 up and down, And a pressing plate 58 which is held by the pressing plate 58.

The pivoting body 52 has a hexahedron shape and a coupling hole (not shown) is formed to be recessed inward at the center. A fixing pin 41 is inserted into the coupling hole of the rotating body 52 and the rotating body 52 is rotatably fixed to the driving shaft 42. The driving shaft 42 is moved up and down according to the rotation of the rotating body 52.

"자 형태로 서로 대응 되게 형성된다. 상기 레버지지대(54)는 한 쌍으로 이루어져, 상기 회동몸체(52)의 양측면에 각각 형성된다. 상기 레버지지대(54)는 상기 회동몸체(52)를 상,하로 회전시키는 역할을 한다.On both sides of the rotating body 52, a lever support 54 is formed. 2, the lever supporter 54 is formed so as to extend along substantially both sides of the rotating body 52,

The lever supporters 54 are formed on both sides of the rotating body 52. The lever supporters 54 are formed on the opposite sides of the rotating body 52, , And rotates it downward.

A latching portion 56 is formed at the upper center of the lever support 54. The latching part 56 is a bent part of the lever support 54 and is a part where the connection part between the upper part and the lower part of the lever support 54 is bent. The latching portion 56 prevents the operation lever member 50 from rotating backward when the safety cover 60 to be described later is caught by the malfunction preventing protrusion 70 to be described later.

A pressing plate 58 is formed between the pair of lever supports 54. The pressing plate 58 is formed of an arc-shaped plate having a predetermined thickness, and is a portion where the user's hand is grasped and pressed.

That is, as the push plate 58 is pushed by the user, the lever support 54 is moved backward, and the pivoting body 52 connected to the lever support 54 contacts the push pin 41 So that the drive shaft 40 is moved up and down.

7 is a rear view showing a configuration of a safety cover constituting an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a configuration of a safety cover and a cock body constituting the embodiment of the present invention, 10 is a perspective view illustrating a state in which the safety cover according to the present invention is moved downward to expose the outflow button, FIG. 11 is a side view showing a state in which the safety cover according to the present invention is moved downward and the operation lever member is rotated backward.

7 to 11, a safety cover 60 is installed on the outer side of the cork body 10. The safety cover 60 covers the front of the cock body 10 and covers the front of the cock body 10. The front cover 60 has a button hole 64, A side cover part 66 formed on both sides of the front cover part 62 and covering both side surfaces of the cock body 10, and the like.

The front cover part 62 is made of a plate material having a predetermined thickness and is formed in a circular arc shape on the front surface. The front cover part 62 is installed so as to surround the front part of the cock body 10 so as to prevent the outflow button 20 from being exposed to the outside.

A button hole 64 is formed on the center of the front cover 62. The buttonhole 64 has a rectangular shape and is formed to pass through the front and back. The buttonhole 64 is located on the upper side of the water release button 20 when the safety cover 60 is positioned on the upper side of the cock body 10 and the safety cover 60 is located above the cock body 10 And is located in front of the head button 20 so that the user can press the head button 20.

Side cover parts 66 are formed on both sides of the front cover part 62. The side cover portion 66 is formed of a rectangular plate and protrudes perpendicularly to both sides of the front cover portion 62. The side cover portion 66 is integrally formed with the front cover portion 62 and has both side surfaces of the cork body 10 to support the front cover portion 62. [

A continuous protrusion protrusion 68 is formed at a side of the side surface of the side cover portion 66. 9, the continuous protrusion protrusion 68 is protruded by a predetermined height in the center of a side surface of the side cover portion 66 so that the lever support 54 is rotated toward the front side of the cock body 10 And is in close contact with the front surface of the lever support 54. [

That is, in the conventional water purifier and the cold / hot water heater, the operation lever member 50 is pivoted forward and upward to perform continuous watering, but in order to prevent this, the continuous water- 54 to prevent the operation lever member 50 from rotating in the forward direction.

A malfunction prevention protrusion 70 is formed at the right side center of the side cover portion 66. The malfunction prevention protrusion 70 protrudes in a substantially triangular shape, and an arc-shaped guide surface 72 is formed on the upper surface. The malfunction preventing protrusion 70 is engaged with the engaging portion 56 when the safety cover 60 is positioned on the upper side of the cock body 10 so that the rear portion of the operation lever member 50 is restricted.

10, when the safety cover 60 is positioned at the end of the cock body 10, the malfunction prevention protrusion 70 may be formed such that the end of the locking portion 56 moves along the guide surface So that the operation lever member 50 is pivoted rearward and hot water or cold water can be discharged.

That is, according to the upward / downward movement of the safety cover 60, the malfunction preventing protrusion 70 is moved upward and downward to selectively restrict the rotation of the operation lever member 50, A safety accident can be prevented by a malfunction of the motor 50.

A first fixing protrusion (73) is formed on the upper side of the coke body (10). As shown in FIG. 8, the first fixing protrusions 73 protrude in the shape of "┗" and protrude from the front upper side of the cork body 10, respectively. The bent portion of the first fixing protrusion 73 is a portion where one end of an elastic member 76 to be described later is fixed.

On the inner wall of the side cover portion 66, a second fixing protrusion 74 is formed. 8, the second fixing protrusion 74 is protrudingly formed in the shape of "┎", and is a portion where the other end of the elastic member 76 to be described later is engaged and fixed.

An elastic member 76 is provided between the first fixing protrusion 73 and the second fixing protrusion 74. The elastic member 76 is a general coil spring, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted. The upper end of the elastic member 76 is coupled to the first fixing protrusion 73 and the lower end is coupled to the second fixing protrusion 74 to elastically support the safety cover 60 in an upward direction.

That is, the safety cover 60 is elastically supported by the elastic member 76 in an upward direction, and the safety cover 60 is automatically returned to the original position after the water-release button 20 is pushed.

A locking protrusion 80 is formed in the lower portion of the inner wall surface of the front cover part 62. The latching jaw 80 protrudes in the shape of a right triangle as shown in Fig. The latching protrusion 80 is protruded rearward from the front cover part 62 and is located below the latching end 22 when the safety cover 60 moves downward, 60 to the end of the cock body 10.

That is, when the safety cover 60 is moved in the downward direction of the cock body 10 in order to dispense hot water or cold water, the catching jaw 80 is moved to the hooking end 22 of the water- The safety cover 60 is temporarily fixed in a state in which the safety cover 60 is moved in a downward direction of the cock body 10.

At the same time that the outflow button 20 is depressed to discharge hot water or cold water, the latching end 22 is moved backward to release the engagement with the latching jaw 80, (60) returns to the home position.

Hereinafter, the operation of the cock safety device of the present invention having the above-described structure will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 11. FIG.

First, as shown in FIG. 9, the user moves the safety cover 60 to the end of the cock body 10 while holding the safety cover 60 as shown in FIG.

When the safety cover 60 is moved to the lower portion of the cock body 10, the engagement protrusion 80 formed on the inner wall surface of the front cover portion 62 is hooked to the engagement end 22 of the outflow button 20 So that the safety cover 60 is fixed in a state where it is moved to the lower side of the cock body 10.

When the safety cover 60 is moved downward, the button 20 is positioned on the front side of the button 20 in the button hole 64 of the safety cover 60 so that the button 20 is opened to the outside .

The user presses the water-release button 20, and rotates the operation lever member 50 backward, thereby leaving hot water or cold water.

When the user releases the hot water or cold water, the safety cover 60 is automatically moved upward.

The automatic return operation of the safety cover (60) is generated simultaneously with the pressing operation of the head release button (20) by the user.

When the user pushes the water release button 20, the latching end 22 is moved backward to release the engagement of the latching jaw 80 and the latching end 22 of the safety cover 60, An elastic member 76 is provided between the cover 60 and the cork body 10 so that the safety cover 60 is automatically moved upward.

The safety button 60 is opened and the safety button 60 is opened and the safety button 60 is opened to allow the safety button 60 to be opened. .

When the safety cover 60 is positioned on the upper side of the cock body 10, the malfunction prevention protrusion 70 is formed on the side cover portion 66 of the safety cover 60 so that the operation lever member 50 The rearward rotation is prevented.

Therefore, when the user does not move the safety cover 60 in the downward direction, the operation lever member 50 is not operated backward, so that a safety accident due to the malfunction of the operation lever member 50 can be prevented.

 The scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and many other modifications based on the present invention will be possible to those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention.

10. Coke body 12. Outlet
14. Inlet 20.
22. Jam end 24. Lock shaft
30. A flow path opening / closing member 40. A drive shaft
50. Operation lever member 60. Safety cover
64. Buttonhole 70. Malfunction prevention projection

Claims (5)

A coke body (10) provided with an inlet (14) and an outlet (12) through which hot water or cold water flows in and out and supplies hot water or cold water to the outside;
A flow path opening and closing member 30 installed inside the coke body 10 and vertically movable up and down to selectively block hot or cold water supply flow;
A part of which is protruded to the upper portion of the coke body 10 and connected to the flow path opening and closing member 30 so as to move the flow path opening and closing member 30 up and down A drive shaft (40);
An operation lever member 50 rotatably installed at an end of the drive shaft 40 and rotated left and right according to a user's operation to elevate the drive shaft 40 up and down to regulate supply of hot water or cold water, ;
An outflow button 20 protruding from the front of the cock body 10 and being movable forward and backward to selectively lock and unlock the movement of the flow path opening and closing member 30;
A button hole 64 is formed in a front portion of the cork body 10 so as to be movable up and down and a button hole 64 is selectively formed in the cork body 10 so that the water- And a safety cover (60) that exposes the cork. The safety cover (60) according to claim 1, wherein the safety cover (60)
A front cover 62 covering the front of the cork body 10 and covering the front of the cork body 10 and having button holes 64 penetrating front and back;
And a side cover part (66) formed on both sides of the front cover part (62) and covering both side surfaces of the cork body (10). 2. The safety cover (60) according to claim 1, wherein between the safety cover (60) and the cock body (10)
And a pair of elastic members 76 connected to the cock body 10 at one end and connected to the safety cover 60 at the other end to elastically support the safety cover 60 in an upward direction Cork safety device. The safety cover according to claim 2, further comprising: a side cover part protruding from a side surface of the side cover part, and being selectively engaged with the operation lever member in accordance with the upward / downward movement of the safety cover, 50) for preventing malfunction of the cork safety device (70). 4. The coke oven according to claim 3, wherein on the upper side of the coke body (10)
A first fixing protrusion 73 protruding in the shape of "┗ " and having one end of the elastic member 76 engaged with and fixed to the first fixing protrusion 73,
Inside the side cover portion 66,
, And a second fixing protrusion (74) protruding in a "┎" shape and to which the other end of the elastic member (76) is fixed.

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