KR20180034138A - A fusible switch, a battery control device comprising the same and the control method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

A battery control device of a battery according to the present invention excludes, when a part of a battery cell is failed, a connection of the failed battery cell and at the same time, automatically connects a replacement battery, thereby constantly maintaining output voltage of the battery despite the failure of the battery cell. Also, the battery control device of a battery provides a melting switch assembly in which wiring resistance and a wiring space are minimized. Also, a switch used in the battery control device of the battery is a melting switch including two separated fixing electrodes and one moving electrode.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention [0001] The present invention relates to a fusion switch assembly, a battery control device including the fusion switch assembly,

More particularly, to a battery control device for automatically replacing a faulty cell with a replacement battery cell when a part of the battery cell is broken down. To a melt switch assembly.

Recently, with the development of electric vehicles and energy storage devices (ESS), researches on high voltage and large capacity battery packs connecting a plurality of battery cells have become active.

Currently, various methods such as battery management system (BMS) are used to secure the safety of the battery. However, due to the electrochemical non-linearity and unstable characteristics of the battery, .

Particularly, a battery pack having a plurality of battery cells connected thereto has a critical limitation in that if one unit cell fails, the entire expensive battery pack needs to be replaced.

If you do not want to replace the entire battery pack in its entirety, a technique has been developed to eliminate the connection after detecting a broken cell.

Patent Document 1 (Korean Patent Publication KR 10-2013-0040435 A, Publication Date: Apr. 24, 2014) and Patent Document 2 (Korean Patent Publication KR 10-2014-0091109 A, Publication Date: Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 disclose a battery pack in which a plurality of battery cells are connected in series. When a battery cell fails, the failed battery cell is bypassed in a battery connected in series, Thereby automatically restoring the failure of the entire battery pack.

However, the above-described technique has a problem in that it can not compensate for the voltage drop loss of the battery pack caused by bypassing the failed cell in the battery.

In addition, when the detour connection method is applied to a battery pack of serial-parallel connection, a voltage difference generated between modules connected in parallel occurs.

In addition, the patent also has a structural problem in that charge / discharge current of the battery load is cut off due to a discontinuity section generated when the failed cell is connected to the relay.

Accordingly, there is a need for a technique for solving the voltage drop problem of the battery pack and the discontinuity of charge / discharge current generated by the bypass connection method of the battery cell.

In Patent Documents 1 and 2, a plurality of switches including diodes are used. Since a large amount of current passes through these switches, on resistance is a problem.

When a large current flows through the switch, there is a high power consumption and heat due to the on resistance of the switch, which is a serious obstacle to the implementation of high output and high density of the switch

Typically, switches are largely divided into semiconductor-based switches and mechanical contact-based switches. Semiconductor-based switches such as transistors operate with excellent shock resistance and high operating frequency compared to mechanical switches such as relays and contactors. .

On the other hand, mechanical switches such as relays and contactors are characterized by their low impact resistance but very low contact resistance compared to semiconductor switches.

However, mechanical contact switches also have mechanical contact contact resistance due to the current flowing between the two conductors through mechanical contact. As a result, contact resistance causes excessive power consumption and switch heat generation .

Therefore, in order to reduce the contact resistance, it is usually necessary to increase the contact area between the conductors and to use a material having a low resistivity and a high conductivity. The contact resistance depends on the contact pressure between the two conductors. The higher the contact pressure, the lower the contact resistance.

However, when the contact surface is increased to satisfy the required level of contact resistance, the volume of the contact conductor increases proportionally, and the use of a conductor with a high conductivity such as silver or platinum increases the cost. In addition, since the mechanical contact is maintained from the external shock / vibration and the contact resistance is reduced by increasing the contact pressure, a strong physical force is required to increase the volume and weight of the switch.

Therefore, with the conventional switch technology, there is a limitation in realizing a small / lightweight switch having a high impact resistance when a large amount of current flows and a small contact resistance.

To overcome this, a soldering-based fusible switch for joining two contacts by melting of conductive bonding materials (a melting switch may be referred to as a fusion switch, but in this specification, a fusible switch ), And the inventions can be categorized into the following two techniques.

The first method is a method in which spaced electrodes are directly moved in contact with each other to closely contact the soldering material between the electrodes. That is, it can be called a press-contact method. The switch of Patent Document 3 (US registered patent US 5025119 A, filed on Jun. 18, 1991) is an example of this direct contact type. In the switch of Patent Document 3, Joule heat (heat generated in the conductor by current flow) is generated by the contact resistance and the conduction current generated in the contact process of the two electrodes, and by the Joule heat, And the material is melted.

However, the press-contact method has an advantage in that the on resistance can be reduced by the close contact of the two electrodes. However, due to the structure in which the electrode terminal moves, Capacity switches.

That is, the contacted electrode is limited to only a thin-walled conductor so as to have a bendability at a predetermined length so as to have mobility, and therefore, a thick conductor having a very low resistance value can not be used, which is structurally limited in minimizing conduction resistance.

Also, in Patent Document 3, Joule heat is generated by a contact resistance and a conduction current which are generated when a switch is turned on, and a structure in which the conductive bonding material is melted and fusion bonded by the Joule heat .

Therefore, in Patent Document 3, the degree of fusion bonding between the two electrodes is determined according to the Joule heat size generated by the conduction current and the contact resistance. Therefore, if the conduction current or contact resistance is not large enough to generate joule heat, there is a problem that the conduction resistance increases due to local melt bonding at the contact point.

The second method is a method in which a soldering material is melted by heat, and a molten soldering material is filled between two spaced stationary terminals, followed by solidification. The melting switch according to this method can be called a fusible switch in a filling method (Gap-filling method), and is disclosed in Patent Document 4 (United States Patent No. 5898356 A, published on Apr. 28, 1999) 5 (GB2355340 A, publication date: Apr. 18, 2001) is an example.

However, since the resistivity of the soldering material is generally larger than the resistivity of the electrode, the withstand voltage (or insulation resistance) between the electrodes in the above-mentioned embedding method increases in proportion to the distance between the electrodes, the amount of the conductive bonding material buried in the gap is increased in the direction of the distance to increase the on resistance of the switch.

Therefore, the above-mentioned buried type melting switch is not suitable for use in an environment requiring a high current of high voltage.

Also, the switches of Patent Document 4 and Patent Document 5 are complicated in structure, and a large amount of soldering material is required in the switch operation.

Further, in the case of the conventional melting switch, the case where the conduction current flowing through the switch is used is largely divided. In such a case, independent switch operation irrespective of the conduction current of the switch is difficult.

Also, a battery control apparatus in which a plurality of fusion switches are connected to a plurality of battery cells requires a melt switch assembly having a structure that minimizes wiring resistance when a large current flows.

In addition, when the melting switch of the melting switch assembly is connected to the battery cell and operated, high temperature generated in the melting switch can increase the temperature of the battery cell electrode and damage the battery cell.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is conceived to solve the problems described above, and an object of the present invention is to provide a control apparatus for a battery having a plurality of battery cells connected thereto, in which a faulty cell And to provide a battery control device for automatically replacing the battery.

The present invention also aims at providing a small / lightweight melting switch structure capable of minimizing the conduction resistance of the switch when a large amount of current flows.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a melting switch capable of reversible operation (return operation after a switch operation) and capable of on / off control independent of the conduction current of the switch.

Further, the conventional melting switch is capable of only a short-circuit type switch, but it is also intended to provide a melting switch that can be used as an open type switch.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a melt switch assembly having a structure that minimizes the wiring resistance of the battery control device when a large current flows when the battery control device requires a large current switch.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a cooling means for a melting switch assembly for effectively suppressing an increase in the temperature of a battery cell electrode during operation of the melting switch.

The apparatus for controlling a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention is a control apparatus for a battery in which a plurality of basic battery cells and a replacement battery cell are connected in series, wherein the basic battery cells are divided into units of a basic battery cell A first type switch connected in series to each of the groups; A second type switch in which the first type switches are connected in parallel to unit groups of the basic battery cells connected in series; A second type switch connected in series to each unit group of replacement battery cells constituting the even number of replacement battery cells; A first type switch in which the second type switches are connected in parallel to unit groups of the replacement battery cells connected in series; A sensing unit for measuring a state of each battery cell; Wherein the first type switch is a switch capable of transitioning from an initial short-circuit state to an open state, and the second-type switch is a switch that switches from a first open state to a short- And the control unit detects a failed battery cell among the basic battery cells from the input of the sensing unit, the first type switch connected to the unit group of the basic battery cell including the failed battery cell and the second type switch connected to the unit group of the basic battery cell including the failed battery cell, The switch is operated to exclude a unit group connection of the basic battery cell including the failed battery cell from the electric current line, and the first type switch and the second type switch connected to the unit group of the replacement battery cell are operated to operate the electric flow So as to be included in the line.

 The first type switch and the second type switch are constituted by a 'c-contact melting switch', and in the first basic battery cell unit group of the battery control device, the positive electrode is connected to the second fixed electrode (T2); The cathode is connected to the fourth fixed electrode T4 of the first basic battery cell unit group; The first fixed electrode T1 is wired to the third fixed electrode T3 of the first basic battery cell unit group; In the second basic battery cell unit group of the battery control device, the positive electrode is connected to the negative electrode of the first basic battery cell unit group and the fourth fixed electrode T4 of the second basic battery cell unit group; The negative electrode is connected to the second fixed electrode T2 of the second basic battery cell unit group; The first fixed electrode T1 is connected to the third fixed electrode T3 of the second basic battery cell unit group; Wherein the plurality of basic battery cells have the unit patterns formed as a plurality of series connection structures; In the first battery cell unit group of the battery control device, the positive electrode is connected to the fourth fixed electrode T4 of the first battery cell unit group; The negative electrode is connected to the second fixed electrode T2 of the first replacement battery cell unit group; The first fixed electrode T1 is wired to the third fixed electrode T3 of the first replacement battery cell unit group; In the second replacement basic battery cell unit group of the battery control device, the positive electrode is connected to the negative electrode of the first replacement battery cell unit group and the second fixed electrode T2 of the second replacement battery cell unit group; The cathode is connected to the fourth fixed electrode T4 of the second unit battery cell unit group; The third fixed electrode T3 is connected to the first fixed electrode T1 of the second unit battery cell group; And the plurality of replacement battery cells constitute a melting switch assembly in which the unit patterns are wired in a plurality of series connection structures.

A positive electrode and a negative electrode of the battery cell are positioned at a predetermined distance from one side of the battery cell (basic, replacement); Wherein the battery cells are stacked in a structure in which the positions of the electrodes (anode, cathode) are alternately arranged, and the electrodes of the stacked battery cells are arranged in a two-column shape; The 'c-contact melt switch' is disposed between the two column electrodes; The first fixed electrode T1 and the third fixed electrode T3 of the 'c-contact melting switch' are electrically short-circuited; The second fixed electrode T2 of the first 'c-contact meltdown switch' is wired with the anode of the first cell (of the first battery cell unit group) located in one row; The fourth fixed electrode T4 of the first 'ccontact melting switch' is wired with the cathode of the last cell (of the first battery cell unit group) located in the first row; The fourth fixed electrode T4 of the second 'c-contact meltdown switch' is wired with the positive electrode of the first cell (of the second battery cell unit group) located in the first row; The second fixed electrode T2 of the second 'ccontact melting switch' is wired with the cathode of the last cell (of the second battery cell unit group) located in the one side column; The first fixed electrode T1 of the second ccontact melting switch is connected to the first fixed electrode T1 of the third ccontact melting switch as a unit pattern, And the unit pattern constitutes a molten switch assembly by a plurality of series-connected wiring structures.

Wherein the plurality of replacement battery cells constitute a melting switch assembly in which the unit patterns are connected in a plurality of series-connected structures.

The battery control device may be physically constructed of a melting switch assembly that is wired only on one side electrode on the same side of the plurality of battery cells.

The edge of the contact surface of the lower (gravity direction) electrode for melting and bonding through the conductive bonding material among the moving electrode and the fixed electrode of the 'c-contact melting switch' is heated to a predetermined height so that the molten conductive bonding material does not flow down to the side And can form a recessed portion by forming a blocking wall of a surrounding structure.

The moving electrode of the 'c-contact fusing switch' may include a through-hole through which the guide rod can pass in a direction perpendicular to the contact surface, and a movable electrode assembly moving along the path of the guide rod.

The moving electrode of the 'c-contact fusing switch' is provided with a hole of a feed screw in the vertical direction of the contact surface, and a rotary motor is provided to rotate the feed screw connected to the rotary shaft of the rotary motor, Assembly.

The rotating motor is preferably a step motor.

The temperature of the electrode of the battery cell can be prevented from rising due to the heat generated when the melting unit is melted and melted and the cooling unit is attached to the electrode of the battery cell.

  It is preferable that the cooling means is constituted by a thermoelectric element (thermoelectric cooling device).

The cooling means may pre-cool the electrode of the battery cell before performing the melt-bonding and melting-separation of the melt switch.

A method of controlling a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention is a method of controlling a battery control apparatus of a battery module in which a plurality of basic battery cells and a replacement battery cell are connected in series, The control unit of the battery control apparatus activates the first type switch and the second type switch connected to the unit group of the failed battery cell to exclude the connection of the failed basic battery cell from the electric current flow path The control unit of the battery control apparatus activating the first type switch and the second type switch connected to the unit group of the replacement battery cell to include the replacement battery cell in the electric current line, The apparatus comprises a plurality of unit battery cells connected in series to each of the unit cell groups of the basic battery cells constituted by an even number of the basic battery cells A first type switch connected in parallel to each of the unit groups of the basic battery cells connected in series with the first type switches, and a second type switch connected in parallel to each unit group of the replacement battery cells constituting the even number of replacement battery cells A first type switch connected in parallel to each unit group of the replacement battery cells connected in series with the second type switch, a sensing unit measuring the state of each battery cell, Wherein the first type switch is a switch capable of transitioning from a first shorted state to an open state, and the second type switch is an operation for transitioning from a first open state to a shorted state And the switch is a switch that can be operated.

The first type switch and the second type switch may be configured as a fifth type switch (d-contact type melting switch) to prevent the current of the battery control device from becoming discontinuous when the battery cell is replaced.

The battery control apparatus of the present invention is a battery control apparatus for a battery having a plurality of battery cells connected thereto. When a battery cell fails, the failed battery cell is automatically disconnected from the connection and replaced with a replacement battery.

The melting switch of the present invention is a fusible switch of an indirect contact-type method which does not cause the movement of the electrode terminal, thereby minimizing the distance between the electrodes, So that the melt-bonding between the electrodes is completely performed. Therefore, a large-capacity current can flow and a switch having a small conduction resistance can be made compact and lightweight.

The battery control device of the present invention provides a melting switch assembly having a structure capable of minimizing wiring resistance of the battery control device when a large current flows.

The battery control apparatus of the present invention provides a cooling means for the melting switch assembly for effectively suppressing the temperature rise of the battery cell electrode in operation of the melting switch.

1 is a view of a battery block of the present invention
2 is a view of a modified embodiment of a battery block of the present invention
3 is a view showing a state where a plurality of battery blocks are connected
Fig. 4 is a view showing a modification of the first type switch and the second type switch
5 is a conceptual diagram of a one-way fusible switch according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 shows a state before and after the operation of the a-contact melting switch of the first embodiment
7 shows an example of a shape of a moving electrode for mounting a heating element on a moving electrode
Fig. 8 shows a state before and after the operation of the a-contact melting switch of the second embodiment
Fig. 9 shows a state before and after the operation of the a-contact melting switch of the third embodiment
10 shows a state before and after the operation of the a-contact melting switch of the fourth embodiment
Fig. 11 shows a state before and after the operation of the modified embodiment of the a-contact fusion switch
Fig. 12 shows a state before and after the operation of the b contact-type melting switch of the first embodiment
Fig. 13 shows a state before and after the operation of the b contact-type melting switch of the second embodiment
Fig. 14 shows a state before and after the operation of the b contact-type melting switch of the third embodiment
15 is a conceptual diagram of a c-contact fusing switch according to the present invention
16 shows a state before and after the operation of the c-contact fusing switch according to the first embodiment
17 is a perspective view showing a case where a heating element is embedded in both the moving electrode and the fixed electrode in the first embodiment of the c-
18 shows a state in which a movement guide is installed in a c-contact fusing switch
19 shows a state in which the c-contact melting switch is sealed by the use switch housing
20 is a view showing an embodiment of the d-
21 shows a state in which a conductive bonding material flows down
22 is a cross-sectional view
23 shows an example of a perspective view of a lower electrode having a groove formed therein
Fig. 24 is a view showing the shape of the embodiment 1 in which the concave portion is formed
25 shows the shape of the concave portion according to the second embodiment
26 shows a state of the third embodiment in which the concave portion is formed
Fig. 27 Example of the melting switch in which the concave portion is formed
Fig. 28 Another embodiment of the melting switch in which the concave portion is formed
29 is a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment
Fig. 30 is a perspective view of the repeated melting switch of Fig. 29
Fig. 31 is a perspective view of the moving electrode of the repeated melting switch of Fig.
32 is a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment
33 is a cross-sectional view of a third embodiment
34 is a view showing one side of the melting switch assembly
35 is a symbol notation diagram of " c-contact melting switch &
36 is a schematic view of a melting switch assembly of a battery control device
37 is a perspective view of Fig. 36,
Fig. 38 is a view showing a state in which the heat-

While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof are shown by way of example in the drawings and will herein be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the invention is not intended to be limited to the particular embodiments, but includes all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The singular forms "a", "an" and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

In the following description, the 'first type switch' means a switch capable of transitioning from the first short-circuit state to the open state, and the 'second-type switch' means a transition from the first open state to the short- Which means the switch can be.

Also, a unit of a battery cell group in which a plurality of battery cells are connected in series is referred to as a 'battery module'.

In addition, a battery module coupled to a switching device is referred to as a 'battery block', and a plurality of battery blocks can constitute one battery pack.

1 is a view of a battery block of the present invention.

The battery module of FIG. 1 includes a plurality of basic battery cells 111 connected in series and a plurality of replacement cells 131 connected in series, (Cell) group 130 'are connected in series.

The first type switch S1 is connected in series to each basic battery cell, and the second type switch S2 is connected in parallel. At this time, regarding the position of the second type switch S2, it may be said that the second type switches are connected in parallel to the path of the first type switches connected in series.

In each replaceable battery cell, a first type switch S1 is connected in parallel and a second type switch S2 is connected in series. At this time, regarding the position of the first type switch S1, it may be said that the first type switches are connected in parallel to the path of the second type switches connected in series.

The battery cell may be a battery cell having a plurality of lower battery cells.

In the initial state. Since the first type switch S1 is short-circuited and the second type switch S2 is open, all of the basic battery cells are in the operating state, and the replacement battery cells are not in operation. That is, the basic battery cells are included in the electric current line (electric line), and the replacement battery cell is not included in the electric current line. At this time, the voltage between the module positive terminal 101 and the module negative terminal 102 is equal to the sum of the output voltages of the basic battery cells.

If the control unit of the battery control device finds a failed battery cell (including a defective battery cell and a deteriorated cell meaning) among the battery cells in operation, it is controlled to replace the failed battery cell with the replacement battery cell .

In order for the control unit to detect the failed battery cells, a sensing unit (for example, a device for measuring the voltage, current, and temperature of the battery cell) for measuring the state of each battery cell is provided and the measurement result is transmitted to the control unit It is a matter of course. Such a technique is already known and this part is not related to the characteristic part of the present invention, so a detailed description will be omitted.

The process of controlling the replacement of a failed battery cell by replacing the battery with a replacement battery will be described in detail as follows.

The control unit sends a signal to the first type switch connected to the failed battery cell to the open state and a signal to the second type switch connected to the failed battery cell to switch to the shorted state. Then, the failed battery cell is excluded from the electric current line, so that no electricity flows to the failed battery cell.

Then, the control unit selects one of the replacement battery cells of the replacement battery cell group 130, sends a signal to the first type switch connected to the selected replacement battery cell to switch to the open state, The connected Type 2 switch signals a transition to a shorted state. Then, the selected replacement battery cell is included in the electric current line, so that electricity can flow to the selected replacement battery cell.

After the above process is completed, the process of replacing the failed basic battery cell with the replacement battery cell is completed.

Here, the switches connected to the basic battery cell are used for cell separation, and thus may be referred to as 'cell separation switching unit 120'. Since the switches connected to the replacement battery cell are used for cell replacement, they can be referred to as 'cell replacement switching unit 140'.

The output voltage of the battery module is not lowered even after the failure of the failed battery cell if the replacement battery is connected to the electric current line after eliminating the failed battery cell.

The battery block 100 of FIG. 1 includes a 'basic battery group 110', a 'cell separation switching unit 120', a 'replacement battery group 130' and a 'cell replacement switching unit 140' .

The configuration of Fig. 1 can be modified.

2 is a diagram of a modified embodiment of the battery block of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is different from FIG. 1 in the configuration of the cell replacement switching unit 140a.

If N replacement battery cells are connected in series in the replacement battery group 130 and a switch is provided between the pole (positive pole or negative pole) of each replacement battery cell and the module positive pole terminal 101 , And (N + 1) switches may be provided as shown in FIG.

At this time, a first type switch is installed at a termimal connected to the basic battery cell group 110, and a second type switch is installed at a pole connected to the farthest side from the basic battery group 110.

And a third type switch is provided at the remaining (N - 1) pole points.

The 'third type switch' is a switch capable of performing an operation of transitioning from a first open state to a short-circuit state and an operation of transitioning from a short-circuit state to a re-open state.

The third type switch can also be regarded as a kind of the second type switch since it can perform the operation of transitioning from the first open state to the short-circuit state.

The operation of the battery control device of FIG. 2 will now be described.

If the control unit of the battery control device finds a failed battery cell among the operated battery cells, the process of excluding the failed connection of the battery cell is the same as that of the battery control device of FIG.

The difference is the operation of the cell replacement switching unit 140a for connecting the replacement battery.

If a faulty battery cell occurs for the first time, the switch 141, which is the switch, is opened and the switch 142, which is the next switch, is short-circuited. If another battery cell fails, the switch 142 is opened and the switch 143, which is the next switch, is short-circuited. By repeating this process, the replacement battery can be included in the electric current line as many as the number of failed batteries, so that the voltage of the battery module can be kept constant.

The battery control apparatus of FIG. 2 is advantageous in that the number of switches of the cell switching unit 140a can be reduced and the number of switches on the electric current line is reduced compared with the battery control apparatus of FIG. 1, If the first of the replacement batteries fails, the remaining replacement batteries can not be used at all.

However, the battery control device of the battery module of FIGS. 1 and 2 can output the same voltage as before after the failed battery cell is replaced, but the battery charge / discharge current may become discontinuous during the replacement process. Therefore, if a plurality of battery modules are connected in parallel, a charge / discharge current path is formed in another module connected in parallel even if a battery module (or a battery block) for replacing the battery cell is opened, so that a discontinuous section is not generated.

3 is a view showing a plurality of battery blocks connected to each other.

In the battery control device 200 of FIG. 3, n battery blocks 100a to 100n are connected in parallel, and module switches 210a to 210n are connected in series to each battery block.

Each battery block also includes a switching unit (a cell separation switching unit and a cell replacement switching unit) of FIG. 1 or 2, a basic battery group, and a replacement battery group.

When the control unit of the automatic battery cell changer detects the defective basic battery cell, the first type switch and the second type switch connected to the failed battery cell are operated to exclude the connection of the defective basic battery cell from the electric current line, The first type switch and the second type switch connected to the selected battery cell selected from among the battery modules are operated to be included in the electric current line. It is also preferable that the module switch of the corresponding battery module is opened during the replacement operation in order to prevent a voltage unbalance between the modules during replacement in the battery module.

Therefore, the operation of the battery control apparatus of Fig. 3 includes the following steps.

(1) the control unit of the battery control device detects a failed battery cell among the basic battery cells from the input of the sensing unit

(2) opening the module switch of the battery module including the failed battery cell in the control unit of the battery control unit

(3) The control unit of the battery control device operates the first type switch and the second type switch connected to the failed battery to exclude the connection of the failed basic battery cell from the electric current line

(4) The control unit of the battery control device activates the first type switch and the second type switch connected to the replacement battery cell to include the replacement battery cell in the electric current line

(5) a step of short-circuiting the module switch of the battery module including the failed battery cell by the control unit of the battery control device

The battery control apparatus of FIG. 3 has an advantage that the output voltage of the battery is kept constant during the replacement operation of the failed battery cell.

The control unit of the battery control device can determine whether the battery cell is faulty or not by receiving a state of the battery cell from the measuring unit that measures the state of the battery cell, A signal to short-circuit).

The control unit of the battery control device described above refers to a portion of the battery control device that controls the battery control device. At this time, the battery control device is a device including a battery control unit and a switching unit (a cell separation switching unit, a cell replacement switching unit, and the like).

The controller of the battery controller may be implemented using existing battery management system (BMS) technology.

The control unit may be divided into a control unit of the entire battery pack that connects the control unit of the battery module unit and the battery module, but is collectively referred to as a control unit for the sake of convenience in the present application.

Also, the first type switch and the second type switch in Figs. 1 and 2 can be transformed into a single switch.

4 is a modified view of the first type switch and the second type switch.

Fig. 4 (a) is a diagram of a first type switch and a second type switch, and Fig. 4 (b) is a diagram of one switch (fourth type switch) corresponding to Fig. 4 (a).

Fig. 4 (c) is a fifth-type switch diagram for enabling the contact switching of the contact of Fig. 4 (b) without boiling.

The fourth type switch of Fig. 4 (b) can be firstly switched to the state where the terminal a is shorted to the terminal b, opened to the terminal b with the terminal c opened, and shorted to the terminal c.

The fourth type switch of FIG. 4 (b) has the same function as that of FIG. 4 (a) composed of the "first type switch and the second type switch".

 Therefore, the first type switch and the second type switch can be replaced with the fourth type switch.

The 4-type switch has a structure in which a break before make occurs during switching of a contact, so that the current of the battery (or cell) becomes discontinuous while the failed battery cell is replaced.

 In order to prevent this, the first type switch and the second type switch can be replaced with a fifth type switch.

As shown in FIG. 4 (c), the 'type 5 switch' is a switch that can switch contacts without boiling.

Therefore, a short-circuit path is formed before the switch is opened, so that a discontinuous section of the current is not generated.

It is also desirable to shorten the short-circuit period (time) of the fifth type switch so as to minimize the short-circuit current duration of the battery cell.

The 'type 2 switch' may be referred to as a 'make contact switch' or 'one contact short-circuit switch', the 'first type switch' may be referred to as a 'b contact contact switch' Switch '.

A one-way switch means a switch having one current-carrying line, such as the first type switch or the second type switch.

A switch in which a 'first type switch' and a 'second type switch' are combined, that is, a switch as shown in FIG. 4 (a), may be referred to as a 'two-way switch' because two current- And may be referred to as a 'change-over contact switch', which will be referred to as a c-contact switch in the present invention.

In addition, the fifth type switch is referred to as a 'd contact switch' in 'make before break'.

However, the battery control device of FIGS. 1 to 3 includes a plurality of first type switches and second type switches, and a large amount of current flows through these switches. As a conventional mechanical contact type switch technology, A small / lightweight switch having high impact resistance at the same time and having a small contact resistance can not be made.

Therefore, the switch of the present invention is made of a fusible switch in order to make a small / trended switch having a small conduction resistance. A fusible switch refers to a switch in which the conductive bonding material between two electrodes is melted during operation of the switch. The conductive bonding material may also be referred to as a soldering material.

That is, after a conductive bonding material (for example, an alloy of lead, silver, tin, copper, indium or the like) is placed between two conductors constituting two electrodes, when the two electrodes are electrically connected, the conductive bonding material is melted The two electrodes are brought into contact with each other to solidify them, and when the two electrodes are electrically separated, the conductive bonding material is melted and removed.

In this case, when the conductive bonding material melts, the two conductors should not dissolve, so that the melting point of the conductive bonding material is preferably lower than the melting point of the two electrodes.

Therefore, the melting switch of the present invention includes both soldering (brazing soldering) and brazing (brazing soldering), which are classified according to the melting point temperature since the electrodes are not melted but only the conductive bonding material is melted, Also includes the meaning of brazing.

5 is a conceptual diagram of a one-way fusible switch according to the present invention. One-way fusible switches include a make contact-fusible switch and a b-contact fusible switch.

 a make contact-fusible switch means a fusible switch that implements the function of a contact switch, and a break contact-fusible switch means a b contact switch a fusible switch that implements the function of a break contact switch.

 One-way fusible switch may be used with the concept of a make contact-fusible switch and a b-contact fusible switch.

As shown in FIG. 5, the one-way fusible switch includes two separated stationary electrodes and a movable electrode that moves in contact with (or in contact with) the fixed electrode, A transferring part for providing a transferring force to the moving electrode so that the moving electrode can move in a unidirectional or bi-directional manner, a fusion bonding or a soldering process in a soldering state between the fixed electrode and the moving electrode, (soldering material) for performing a fusible disconnect in a desoldering state, and a heat generating portion.

The conveying unit may include means for generating a conveying force (for example, a spring, a motor, an electromagnet, etc.). The transfer unit transfers the force for moving the moving electrode, that is, the transfer force F, to the moving electrode.

The heating unit includes a heating element that generates heat to supply heat to melt the conductive bonding material located at the contact point between the fixed electrode and the moving electrode. The heat generating portion may supply heat to both the moving electrode and the two fixed electrodes, or may supply heat to only a part of the movable electrode and the two fixed electrodes. In Fig. 5, the heat supplied by the heating element is denoted by T.

In the case where the heating element is a device that generates heat by electricity, the heating element requires a power supply portion for supplying electricity. The power supply unit can supply or cut off power to the heating element.

A specific embodiment of the a-contact melting switch is as follows.

Fig. 6 shows a state before and after the operation of the a-contact melting switch of the first embodiment.

6 (a) shows a state prior to the operation of the a-contact melting switch.

6, the movable electrode 320 is initially fixed to the hold portion 330 in a melt-coupled state, and the fixed electrode 311 and the fixed electrode 312 are in an open state in which electricity does not pass.

The two fixed electrodes in Fig. 6 (a) are spaced apart and electrically separated. Therefore, it can be said that the two fixed electrodes are insulated and separated. That is, even when insulation by air or vacuum or insulation by an insulator is also insulated, the two fixed electrodes in Fig. 6 (a) can be said to be insulated and separated.

The holding part 330 is intended to fix the moving electrode 320 in order to provide durability against impact from the outside. A low-temperature molten material 331 is present between the moving electrode 320 and the holding unit 330 to melt-bond the moving electrode 320 and the holding unit 330. The low-temperature molten material 331 has a melting point lower than that of the moving electrode 320 and the holding unit 330, and may be a conductive material or a non-conductive material.

A conductive bonding material 320a is plated or coated on the lower portion of the movable electrode 320 and the upper portions of the two fixed electrodes 311 and 312. The melting point of the conductive bonding material 320a is lower than the melting point of the fixed electrodes 311 and 312 and the melting point of the moving electrode 320. [ A representative example of the conductive bonding material 320a is a solder.

 The moving electrode 320 has a heating element 321 formed of an insulated heating wire and the heating element power supply line 322 is connected to a power supply of the heating element.

 The spring 338 and the spring housing 339 constitute a feed force generating means.

The feed force generating means of Fig. 6 generates a feed force by the elastic force of the spring 338. Fig.

The transfer link 335 serves to transfer the transferring force of the spring to the moving electrode 320. The transfer link 335 is preferably attached to the moving electrode 320.

The transfer force generating means of FIG. 6 generates a transfer force, but the transfer electrode 320 can not move because the transfer electrode 320 is fixed to the hold portion 330 by the low-temperature molten material 331.

Fig. 6 (b) shows the state after the operation of the a-contact melting switch.

In FIG. 6 (a), when electric power is supplied to the heating element 321 to generate heat, the low-temperature molten material 331 is melted and moved downward by the moving electrode 320 by the feed force of the feed force generating means. The conductive bonding material 320a is also melted by the heat of the heating element.

Thereafter, when the power supply to the heating element 321 is interrupted, the conductive bonding material 320a is solidified while being in contact with the moving electrode 320 and the two fixed electrodes 311 and 312, can do. As a result, the two fixed electrodes 311 and 312 are electrically connected.

Since there is a sufficient distance between the two fixed electrodes 311 and 312, it has excellent withstand voltage characteristics. If an insulator is present between the two fixed electrodes 311 and 312, it has better withstand voltage characteristics.

The two fixed electrodes 311 and 312 have a structure in which the two fixed electrodes 311 and 312 are brought into close contact with the movable electrode 320 as much as possible while having a good withstand voltage characteristic, Is very small.

  6, since the two fixed electrodes 311 and 312 can be operated even in the case of a thick conductor having no bendability, the conduction resistance of the switch can be minimized and the size of the switch There is an advantage that it can be reduced.

The moving electrode 320 can be moved downward (in the direction of gravity) by gravity even if there is no feed force generating means. However, if there is no feed force generating means, the contact pressure for melt bonding is weak, and the installation direction for moving the moving electrode is limited.

In order to overcome such a problem, it is preferable to separately provide a moving force generating means for moving the moving electrode independently of the load of the moving electrode.

The feed force generating means may be one which generates a force by a motor (including a linear motor), an electromagnet, or the like, or may be one caused by a repulsive force or an elastic force between permanent magnets (e.g., using a leaf spring or a compression spring) It is possible. Depending on the requirements of the application, it is possible to generate unidirectional or bi-directional feed forces in various other ways.

In this case, in the case of the bi-directional feed force generating means generating a force by a motor, an electromagnet or the like, the bi-directional switch operation is possible, but the apparatus is somewhat complicated. Further, in the case of the transfer force generating means by the repulsive force or the elastic force between the permanent magnets, the device for generating the transfer force only in one direction can be implemented simply, but it is difficult to implement the device for generating the transfer force in both directions.

As shown in FIG. 6, in order to facilitate understanding of the embodiment of the present invention, a compression spring which is easily implemented as a typical feed force generating means is applied.

Needless to say, a motor and an electromagnet which are two-way feed force generating means can be used instead of the compression spring. There is an advantage that it is possible to perform the operation after the operation of the utilization switch and the return operation when the feed force generation means is provided in both directions. For example, in the case of the a-contact fusing switch, it is possible to perform the operation of changing from the open state to the short-circuit state to the returning operation of returning to the open state again.

That is, the state transition between the on-off contacts can have a reversible structure that operates in both directions.

The heating element 321 provides a function of melting the conductive bonding material 320a. The heating element 321 may be installed anywhere that the conductive bonding material 320a can be melted. However, the heating element 321 may be mounted inside the moving electrode 320 to reduce parts of the heating element and maximize heat transfer efficiency. The heating element may be one which generates heat by gas, liquid fuel, gunpowder or the like, but it is preferable to use an electric hot wire (a resistance wire that generates heat when passing electricity) for safety and ease of control.

It is preferable that the fixed electrode and the moving electrode are conductors capable of conducting electric current and made of a material having a good conductivity.

It is preferable that the moving electrode has a high conductivity, and when a heating element is present in the inside, a conductor having good thermal conductivity (for example, copper) is preferable because heat conduction should be good.

In the melting switch of the present invention, it is possible that the conductive bonding material is placed on the bonding portion of the fixed electrode and the moving electrode conductor to be melt-bonded in various forms such that the soldering physical property is not impaired (e.g., plating, coating, Fixed, etc.)

Particularly, in order to facilitate the fusion bonding with the protection of the fixed electrode and the movable electrode conductor from the external environment (corrosion prevention, oxidation prevention, etc.), the conductive bonding material is plated (for example, an alloy of lead, tin, silver, It is more preferable to be attached to the joint portion (contact surface) in a coating form.

It is also preferred that the conductive bonding material contains a soldering catalyst (e.g., flux for brazing) to facilitate melt bonding with the electrode.

The contact resistance between the fixed electrode and the moving electrode, the melting point temperature, and the mechanical / physical strength of the contact portion can be controlled by varying the physical properties of the constituent components of the conductive bonding material according to the intended use and application.

In this case, in order to shorten the time for melt bonding and melting separation of the moving electrode, a heating element may be further provided in the fixed electrode as well as the moving electrode.

In the conventional melting switch, the heat transfer efficiency at which the heat generating material for melting the conductive bonding material is transmitted to the conductive bonding material outside the electrode is low. If the heating element is installed inside the electrode as shown in FIG. 6, the contact area between the electrode and the heating element is increased to increase the heat transferred to the electrode, and the heating value of the electrode is increased. Therefore, the heat transfer efficiency to the conductive bonding material is high and the melting time can be shortened.

In the embodiment of FIG. 6 (a), there is also an advantage that the heat of the heating element does not escape through the two fixed electrodes 311 and 312.

7 is an example of a shape of a moving electrode for mounting a heating element on a moving electrode.

As shown in FIG. 7 (a), a through hole having a rectangular cross section is formed in the moving electrode so as to have a rectangular tube shape, and a plane heating element may be inserted into the through hole.

The structure shown in Fig. 7 (a) has a higher heat transfer efficiency than that of the conventional external heating element structure.

In the structure as shown in FIG. 7 (b), a plurality of through holes having a rectangular cross section are perforated to have a rectangular tube shape, and a heating element of an insulated hot wire may be inserted into the through hole.

As shown in FIGS. 7 (c) and 7 (d), a heating element formed of a plurality of holes in the moving electrode and composed of heat lines insulated from the through holes may be inserted.

When a plurality of hot wires are inserted into a plurality of holes, the contact area with the moving electrode is further increased, and the heat transfer efficiency is further increased.

Although a plurality of hot wires can be inserted into a plurality of holes, even if only one hot wire is inserted into one hole, it can function as a heating element.

It is needless to say that the inner shape of the moving electrode on which the heating element is mounted is not limited to the example shown in (a), (b), (c) and (d) of FIG.

As shown in FIGS. 7 (e) and 7 (f), a heating element composed of an insulated hot wire may be attached to the outer surface of the moving electrode having a multilayer structure.

The moving electrode having the multilayer structure shape has an advantage that it can be easily processed with a copper bar having a uniform thickness.

7, when the heating element is inserted into the moving electrode or attached to the surface of the multilayer structure, the contact area between the heating element and the moving electrode can be maximized, heat transfer efficiency is improved, the mounting density of the heating element So that the moving electrode can be heated to a high temperature in a short time.

Fig. 8 shows a state before and after the operation of the a-contact melting switch of the second embodiment.

Fig. 8 (a) shows a state prior to the operation of the a-contact melting switch.

An insulating support member 340 is formed on the lower portion of the movable electrode 320 and on the upper portions of the two fixed electrodes 311 and 312. The lower portion of the movable electrode 320 and the upper portion of the two fixed electrodes 311 and 312 The conductive bonding material 320a is plated or coated.

Insulation support member 340 (e.g., styrofoam, flux for brazing, etc.) should be made of a material that is weak to heat but has a sustained bearing capacity. That is, the insulating supporting member must have a lower melting point than the electrode contacting the insulating supporting member.

Fig. 8 (a) shows a state prior to the operation of the a-contact fusion switch, and Fig. 8 (b) shows a state after the operation of the a-contact fusion switch.

If the heating element 321 of the moving electrode 320 generates heat, the heat of the heating element 321 raises the temperature of the moving electrode 320 and the insulating supporting member 340 is melted by the heat to lose the supporting force do. Then, the moving electrode 320 moves downward by the feeding force of the feed force generating means, and then contacts the conductive bonding material 320a and melts the conductive bonding material 320a. Thereafter, when the heat generation of the heating element 321 is stopped, the conductive bonding material 320a solidifies and the moving electrode 320 and the fixed electrodes 311 and 312 are fusion-bonded.

The insulating support member 340 restricts the movement of the moving electrode before the melting switch is operated, and prevents the movement of the moving electrode from being limited by heat when the melting switch is operated.

8, the conductive bonding material 320a is plated or coated on the upper portions of the fixed electrodes 311 and 312. However, when a conductive bonding material is plated or coated on the lower portion of the moving electrode 320 coating or coating a conductive bonding material on both the upper portions of the fixed electrodes 311 and 312 and the lower portion of the moving electrode 320.

8, the area of the insulative support member 340 may be the same as the area of the lower surface of the movable electrode 320. However, the area of the insulative support member 340 may be set to be less than the lower surface of the movable electrode 320 It may be a small area.

Fig. 9 shows a state before and after the operation of the a-contact fusion switch of the third embodiment.

Fig. 9 (a) shows the state before the operation of the a-contact fusion switch, and Fig. 9 (b) shows the state after the operation of the a-contact fusion switch.

The two fixed electrodes 311 and 312 in Fig. 9 (a) are separated from each other and electrically separated.

The spring 338 and the spring housing 339 constitute a feed force generating means and a transfer link hole (hole) 335a is formed in the transfer link 335 and the transfer link hole 335a is formed inside the transfer link hole 335a Thereby fixing the position of the transmission link 335 while passing through the fuse wire 350.

A current is supplied to the heating element 321 and the fuse wire 350 and the fuse wire is melted and boiled so that the elastic force of the constrained compressed spring 338 is transmitted through the transmission link 335 And is transferred to the moving electrode 320.

Here, the above-described embodiment implementing the a-contact melting switch and all of the melting switches of the present invention including melt-bonding shorten the operation time and minimize the temperature rise of the fixed electrode terminal connection, The wire 350 may be used to sufficiently preheat the moving electrode in advance before melt bonding takes place.

That is, if power is first applied to the heating element 321 of the moving electrode 320 for a predetermined time before the fuse wire 350 is boiled, the moving electrode is heated to a high temperature before contacting the fixed electrode, The shortening of the time and the temperature rise of the connection portion of the fixed electrode terminal can be minimized.

In order to maximize the adhesion effect between the moving electrode and the fixed electrode in the above embodiments, the moving direction of the moving electrode contact surface is the same as that of the fixed electrode contact surface.

That is, it is highly desirable to set the contact angle to 0 degree in order to maximize the adhesion effect.

The contact angle is an angle formed by the moving direction of the moving electrode contact surface and the fixed electrode contact surface.

 The melting switch of the present invention is characterized in that the contact angle is not limited to 0 degrees but is allowed up to 90 degrees.

 10 is a fourth embodiment of an a-contact melting switch when the angle of contact is 90 degrees.

10 (a) shows the state before the operation of the a-contact fusion switch, and Fig. 10 (b) shows the state after the operation of the a-contact fusion switch.

 Fig. 10 is basically the same in function and configuration of the melting switch of Fig. 8, and the difference is a contact angle.

10, the contact angle is 90 degrees and the contact angle is 0 degrees.

In FIG. 10, in order to minimize leakage of the conductive bonding material 320a to the pressure of the compression spring during fusion bonding, it is preferable that the transmission link is formed in an upper lid shape and a lower lid 370 of the insulator is further provided to have a closed structure Do.

Fig. 11 shows a state before and after the operation of the modified embodiment of the a-contact melting switch.

Fig. 11 (a) shows the state before the operation of the a-contact fusion switch, and Fig. 11 (b) shows the state after the operation of the a-contact fusion switch.

11 (a), a heating element 421 is inserted into the third electrode 420, and power can be supplied to the heating element 421 through the heating element power supply line 322.

The conductive bonding material 420a is plated or coated on both sides of the third electrode 420. An insulating supporting member 440 is disposed between the first electrode 411 and the third electrode 420 and between the second electrode 412 and the third electrode 420. Insulation supporting member 440 is weak in heat and has a low melting point than electrodes (first electrode 411, second electrode 412, and third electrode 420) as an insulating material.

The bracket spring 450 is a 'cantilevered elastic spring' surrounding the first electrode 411 and the second electrode 412, and provides a compressive force. The insulator 450 outside the first electrode 411 and the second electrode 412 is electrically connected to the first electrode 411 and the second electrode 412 when the ' The insulator 450 is not required when the cramping spring 450 is made of a material that is not conductive (for example, plastic that does not have conductivity).

If the heating element 421 of the third electrode 420 generates heat in the state of FIG. 11 (a), the conductive bonding material 420a and the insulating supporting member 440 are melted by the heat. That is, the insulating supporting member 440 melts and disappears, and the conductive bonding material is in a molten state 420a. At this time, when the heating of the heating element is stopped in the state where the pressing force is applied by the latching spring 450, the conductive bonding material 420a is solidified and the third electrode 420 is electrically connected to the first electrode 411 and the second electrode 412, So that the first electrode 411 and the second electrode 412 are electrically connected to each other as shown in FIG. 11 (b).

11, the conductive bonding material 420a is plated or coated only on the third electrode 420. However, the conductive bonding material 420a may be coated on the first electrode 411 and the second electrode 412, The first electrode 411 and the second electrode 412 may be formed by plating or coating a conductive bonding material 420a on the third electrode 420, Or may be coated.

11, the third electrode 420 is fixed to the melting switch housing, and the first electrode 411 and the second electrode 412 are configured to constitute a feed force generating means so as to be separated from the third electrode 420 It is a matter of course that it can be a melting switch of the contact b.

A specific embodiment of the b-contact fusing switch is as follows.

b contact switch means a switch capable of performing an operation in which the two electrodes are switched from the first short-circuited state to the open state like the first-type switch, and the b-contact meltdown switch means a melted switch which is a b-

Fig. 12 is a front and rear view of the b contact-type fusing switch of the first embodiment.

Fig. 12 (a) shows a state prior to the operation of the b-contact fusing switch, and Fig. 6 (b) shows a state after the operation of the b-

12A, the conductive bonding material 520a is melted and bonded in a soldered state between the movable electrode 520 and the two fixed electrodes 511 and 512, so that the two fixed electrodes 511 and 512 are electrically It is connected.

The spring 538 and the spring housing 539 constitute a feed force generating means.

The feed force generating means of FIG. 12 generates a feed force by the elastic force of the spring 538.

The transfer link 535 serves to transfer the transferring force of the spring to the moving electrode 520. The transfer link 535 is preferably attached to the moving electrode 520.

The transfer force generating means of Figure 12 generates a transfer force but the transfer electrode 520 is fixed to the two fixed electrodes 511 and 512 by the conductive bonding material 520a, none.

A heating element 351 is present inside the moving electrode 520. The heating element 521 in Fig. 12 is an insulated heating wire. The heating element power supply line 522 serves to supply electric power to the heating element.

12A, when power is supplied to the heating element 521 provided on the moving electrode 520, the temperature of the moving electrode 520 is raised due to the heat generated by the heating element 521, The conductive bonding material 520a on the bonding portion of the fixed electrode 511 and the fixed electrodes 511 and 512 reaches the melting point (melting point), and the conductive bonding material is melted. At the same time, (511, 512) from the fixed electrode.

Thus providing a switching function that transitions from the first shorted state to the open state.

12 (b), the hold portion 530 is intended to fix the moving electrode 520 in order to provide durability against impact from the outside. A low-temperature molten material 531 is present between the moving electrode 520 and the holding unit 530 to melt-bond the moving electrode 520 and the holding unit 530. The low-temperature molten material 531 has a melting point lower than that of the moving electrode 520 and the holding unit 530, and may be a conductive material or a non-conductive material.

The low temperature molten material 531 is melted by the heat of the heating element and solidified after completion of the switching operation to fix the moving electrode 520 to the holding part 530. [

Even if there is no feed force generating means, it can be moved downward by the moving electrode 520 by gravity. The role of the hold portion 530 is important when there is no feed force generating means. In the case where the feed force generating means is provided as shown in FIG. 12, the hold portion 530 may be omitted.

Fig. 13 shows a state before and after the operation of the b contact-type fusing switch according to the second embodiment.

In FIG. 13, the fuse wire 550 restricts the elastic force of the compression spring 538, thereby blocking the force applied to the moving electrode 520 before the melting switch operates.

Fig. 13 (a) shows a state prior to the operation of the b-contact fusing switch, and Fig. 13 (b) shows a state after the operation of the b-

13A, the conductive bonding material 520a is fusion-bonded between the two fixed electrodes 511, 512 and the moving electrode 520, so that the two fixed electrodes 511, 512 are electrically connected have.

The spring 538 and the spring housing 539 constitute a feed force generating means and a transfer link hole (hole) 535a is formed in the transfer link 535 and the transfer link hole 535a is formed inside the transfer link hole 535a Thereby fixing the position of the transmission link 535 while passing through the fuse wire 550.

Current is supplied to the heating element 521 and the fuse wire 550 and the fuse wire is melted and boiled so that the elastic force of the constrained compressed spring 538 is transmitted through the transmission link 535 And is transferred to the moving electrode 520.

The conductive bonding material 520a is also melted by the heat of the heating element 521 so that the moving electrode 520 is separated from the fixed electrodes 511 and 512 and the electrical connection between the two fixed electrodes 511 and 512 is cut off .

Here, the operation of the b-contact fusing switch is irrelevant without using the fuse wire 550 for restraining the elastic force of the compression spring 538. [

The fuse wire 350 of FIG. 9, the fuse wire 550 of FIG. 13, and the like, of the insulating support member 320 of FIG. 8, the fuse wire 550 of FIG. 13, And various other methods may be implemented as the transport restraining means. For example, when a protrusion movable only in a direction perpendicular to the moving electrode moving direction is inserted into the side surface of the moving electrode to prohibit movement of the movable electrode, movement of the moving electrode is permitted when the protrusion is moved in a direction of withdrawing the protrusion from the side of the moving electrode will be. Such a transport suppressing means can be used for both the a-contact switch, the b-contact switch and the c-contact switch.

 Fig. 14 shows an embodiment of the b-contact fusing switch when the contact angle is 90 degrees.

Fig. 14 is the same in function and configuration as Fig. 12 and only structurally different in contact angle.

Fig. 14 (a) shows the state before the operation of the b-contact fusing switch, and Fig. 14 (b) shows the state after the operation of the b-

When the movable electrode, which is melt-bonded at a contact angle of 90 degrees, is separated from the fixed electrode, a time delay occurs because the movable electrode must move by the length of the fixed electrode contact surface.

On the other hand, when the movable electrode is melt-bonded at a contact angle of 0 degrees, the movable electrode is separated from the fixed electrode when the movable electrode moves.

15 is a conceptual diagram of a change over contact-fusible switch according to the present invention.

The c-contact meltdown switch means a melted switch that is a c-contact switch. The 'c-contact meltdown switch' can be a meltdown switch in which the b-contact meltdown switch and the a-contact meltdown switch are functionally combined.

15, the c-contact fusing switch includes two fixed electrodes (first fixed electrode or T1, second fixed electrode or T2) existing on the upper side and two fixed electrodes (third fixed electrode or T2, T3, a fourth fixed electrode or T4, a moving electrode T5 that moves in the vertical direction, a transfer unit that provides a transfer force to the moving electrode so that the moving electrode can move in a unidirectional or bidirectional direction, (soldering material) for performing fusible bonding in the soldering state or performing fusible disconnect in the desoldering state, and a heat generating portion.

The transfer unit may include means for generating a transfer force (for example, a spring, a motor, etc.).

The heating unit includes a heating element that generates heat to supply heat to melt the conductive bonding material located at the contact point between the fixed electrode and the moving electrode. The heat generating unit may supply heat to both the moving electrode T5 and the four fixed electrodes T1, T2, T3, and T4, or may supply heat only to some of them.

In the case where the heating element is a device that generates heat by electricity, the heating element requires a power supply portion for supplying electricity. The power supply unit can supply or cut off power to the heating element.

When the movable electrode moves up and the two upper fixed electrodes T1 and T2 are connected, the upper two fixed electrodes are electrically connected. When the movable electrode moves downward and connects the two lower fixed electrodes T3 and T4, the lower two fixed electrodes are electrically connected. Since the movable electrode T5 is fusion-bonded by the conductive bonding material when the fixed electrodes are connected, the resistance between the fixed electrodes is very small.

A specific embodiment of the c-contact melting switch is as follows.

Fig. 16 shows a state before and after the operation of the c-contact fusing switch according to the first embodiment.

Fig. 16 (a) shows a state prior to the operation of the c-contact fusing switch, and Fig. 16 (b) shows a state after the operation of the c-

FIG. 16 is a view in which the hold portion 330 of FIG. 6 or the hold portion 530 of FIG. 12 is replaced with a pair of independent fixed electrodes. At this time, a conductive bonding material is also required between the substituted fixed electrode and the movable electrode.

16, the first fixed electrode 611 and the second fixed electrode 612 are opened while the movable electrode 620 moves, and at the same time, the third fixed electrode 613 and the third fixed electrode 613 4 The fixed electrode 614 is short-circuited, so that it can perform the same function as the switch of Fig. 4 (a)

The movable electrode 620 shown in Fig. 16 is moved and brought into contact with the fixed electrode contact portion positioned perpendicularly to the direction of gravity or transfer force (when the transfer force generating means is provided) applied to the movable electrode as in Figs. 6 and 9 do.

A heating element 621 is present inside the moving electrode 620. The heating element 621 in Fig. 16 is an insulated heating wire. The heating element power supply line 622 serves to supply electric power to the heating element.

The spring 638 and the spring housing 639 constitute a feed force generating means.

The feed force generating means of Fig. 16 generates a feed force by the elastic force of the spring 638. Fig.

The transfer link 635 serves to transfer the transferring force of the spring to the moving electrode 620. The transfer link 635 is preferably attached to the moving electrode 620.

The transfer force generating means of Figure 16 generates a transfer force but since the moving electrode 620 is fixed to the first fixed electrode 611 and the second fixed electrode 612 by the conductive bonding material 620a, (620) can not move.

16, when power is supplied to the heating element 621 through the heating element power supply line 622, the conductive bonding material 620a in contact with the moving electrode 620 is melted. As a result, the moving force of the feed force generating means moves the moving electrode 620 downward, and the moving electrode 620 moves from the third fixed electrode 611 and the fourth fixed electrode 612 to the conductive bonding material 620a.

If the melt-bonding between the fixed electrode and the moving electrode is performed only by the pressure due to the load of the moving electrode, the contact pressure for melt-bonding weakens and the mounting direction is limited due to the directionality due to gravity.

In order to overcome such a problem, a moving force generating means for moving the moving electrode independently of the load of the moving electrode may be additionally provided.

Fig. 16 shows a state in which the feed force generating means of the c-contact fusing switch is a compression spring.

Needless to say, a motor and an electromagnet which are two-way feed force generating means can be used instead of the compression spring.

In the drawings of the above embodiments, the heating element is embedded only in the moving electrode, but a heating element may be embedded in both the moving electrode and the fixed electrode in order to melt the conductive bonding material more quickly and shorten the operation time of the melting switch.

17 is a perspective view of a case where a heating element is embedded in both the moving electrode and the fixed electrode in the first embodiment of the c-contact melting switch. Fig. 17 (a) shows a state prior to the operation of the c-contact fusing switch, and Fig. 17 (b) shows a state after the operation of the c-

A plurality of holes for inserting a heating element are also formed in the moving electrode 620 in FIG. 17, and a plurality of holes for inserting a heating element are formed in the four fixed electrodes 611, 612, 613 and 614 as well.

The separation force and the contact force (contact pressure) applied to the movable electrode during the melt separation and fusion bonding are determined by the force generated in the feed force generation unit. Here, when the movable electrode is fusion-bonded to the fixed electrode in a state where the contact force (contact pressure) is high, the conduction resistance can be relatively reduced.

The transfer force generating means may further include a transfer link to transfer the force generated by the transfer force generating means to the transfer electrode via the transfer link.

The transfer link is configured to move across the two fixed electrodes in the moving direction of the moving electrode to provide a partition function to prevent shorting of the two fixed electrodes due to the fluidity of the molten conductive bonding material can do. Here, it is preferable that the partition has a flat plate shape.

Needless to say, the transfer link of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment but may have various shapes depending on the shape and structure of the transfer force generating means, the fixed electrode, the movable electrode, and the melt switch.

In addition, a movement guide (a guide groove, a guide rod, or the like) may be provided so as to move accurately when the movable electrode moves.

Fig. 18 shows a state in which a movement guide is installed in the c-contact melting switch.

18 (a) shows a state where guide grooves are formed in the c-contact fusing switch.

18 (a), a guide groove 671 is formed in the molten switch housing 670, and the transfer link having the shape of the partition 636 can be moved up and down along the guide groove 671. The moving electrode 620 coupled to the partition 636 moves up and down together with the partition 636 to be coupled to the upper first fixed electrode 611 and the second fixed electrode 612, The electrode 613 and the fourth fixed electrode 614.

Fig. 18 (b) shows a state in which a guide rod is installed in the c-contact melting switch.

18 (b), the guide rod 672 is fitted in the through hole 620h in the moving direction of the moving electrode 620, and the guide rod is formed such that the moving electrode can move up and down along the guide rod 672 To provide a path of travel.

The transmission link 635 is formed in the shape of a partition 636 to prevent a short circuit between the fixed electrodes 611 and 612 which are melted and separated by the molten conductive bonding material and the movable electrode 620 are moved.

In Fig. 18 (b), a heating element (not shown in the figure) is preferably provided inside the moving electrode 620. [

In the case where the melting switch is made of an actual product, it is preferable that the fixing electrode and the power supply line, which are necessarily exposed to the outside, are sealed by the housing of the melting switch housing or the melting switch assembly for blocking and safety of the melted conductive bonding material.

Fig. 19 is a view in which the c-contact melting switch is sealed by the use switch housing.

In Fig. 19, the c-contact melting switch is sealed by the use switch housing 670, and only four fixed electrodes 611, 612, 613 and 614 and a power supply line (not shown) are exposed to the outside.

6, 8, 9, 10, 12 to 14, and 16, the housing 680 is conceptually represented by a rectangle (a rectangle indicated by a dotted line). 6, 8, 9, 10, 12 to 14, and 16 correspond to the housing 680, and only a part of the two fixed electrodes are exposed to the outside of the housing 680.

20 is an embodiment of a 'd-contact melting switch'.

16 has a structure in which the lower fixed electrodes 613 and 614 are short-circuited after the upper fixed electrodes 611 and 612 are opened, and there is a discontinuous section at the time of switching the contacts.

On the other hand, the d-contact melting switch in Fig. 20 is characterized in that there is no discontinuous section.

That is, the lower fixed electrodes 713 and 714 are short-circuited before the upper fixed electrodes 711 and 712 are opened. (make before break contact)

Fig. 20 (a) shows a state before the operation of the d-contact fusing switch, and Fig. 20 (b) shows a state during operation of the d- Fig. 20 (c) shows the state after the operation of the d-contact fusing switch, and Fig. 20 (d) shows the inside of the d-contact melting switch.

 The upper fixed electrodes 711 and 712 have a contact angle of 90 degrees and provide a predetermined time delay (or moving distance) until the moving electrode 720 is separated.

  When the movable electrode 720 is moved by the distance between the auxiliary moving electrode 720aa and the fixed electrodes 713 and 714 by the compression spring 738 of the transfer force generating means as shown in Figure 20 (b), the auxiliary moving electrode 720aa Are also moved to the one body to be brought into contact with the fixed electrodes 713 and 714 (short-circuited).

Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 20 (c), the movable electrode 720 moves by the pressing force of the transfer force generating unit until it is completely adhered to the auxiliary moving electrode 720aa so that the upper fixed electrodes 711 and 712 are opened, (720aa) is melt-bonded in a state of being in close contact with the fixed electrodes (713, 714).

 The auxiliary moving electrode and the moving electrode are preferably melt-coupled to increase the heat transfer effect to the auxiliary moving electrode in the heating element 721 of the moving electrode.

Further, the heating element 721 may be provided on the auxiliary moving electrode 720aa as necessary.

It is preferable that the physical connection between the moving electrode and the auxiliary moving electrode is made of a deformable body hhh (e.g., flexible wire) whose shape is deformed when a predetermined force is applied.

Here, the shape deformation includes all shape deformations caused by various causes such as bending, boiling, breaking, and the like.

20 (b), the deformable body is not deformed (bent) when it is moved, and the transfer force of the compression spring 738 is transmitted to the auxiliary moving electrode. When the urging pressure is applied as shown in FIG. 20 (c) It is easily deformed (bent).

The time during which the upper fixed electrode gap 711.712 and the lower fixed electrodes 713 and 714 are short-circuited simultaneously is determined by the strength of the force applied to the movable electrode by the transfer force generating means and the magnitude of the force applied to the movable electrode 720). ≪ / RTI >

The fuse wire 350 of FIG. 9, the fuse wire 550 of FIG. 13, and the like, of the insulating support member 320 of FIG. 8, the fuse wire 550 of FIG. 13, And various other methods may be implemented as the transport restraining means. For example, when a protrusion movable only in a direction perpendicular to the moving electrode moving direction is inserted into the side surface of the moving electrode to prohibit movement of the movable electrode, movement of the moving electrode is permitted when the protrusion is moved in a direction of withdrawing the protrusion from the side of the moving electrode will be. Such a transport suppressing means can be used for both the a-contact switch, the b-contact switch and the c-contact switch.

When the two electrodes are melt-bonded through the conductive bonding material, the conductive bonding material can flow down.

21 shows a state in which the conductive bonding material flows down.

21 (a) shows a state before the upper electrode 10 and the lower electrode 20 are fusion-bonded, and Fig. 21 (b) shows a state after the upper electrode 10 and the lower electrode 20 are fusion-bonded.

Where the top and bottom are determined by the direction of gravity. That is, the direction in which gravity acts is downward.

When the gap between the upper electrode 10 and the lower electrode 20 becomes narrow, the molten conductive bonding material 20a is pushed out laterally by the pressure and the conductive bonding material 20a pushed out is lowered downward by gravity do.

In addition, when the conductive bonding material 20a is melted in a state where the upper electrode 10 and the lower electrode 20 in FIG. 21 (a) are inclined, the conductive bonding material 20a may flow downward. This is also true when the conductive bonding material 20a is plated or coated on the electrode.

If grooves are provided in the lower electrode (in the direction in which gravity acts), it is possible to minimize the flow of molten conductive bonding material sideways

The position of the groove is preferably formed along the rim of the molten bond portion of the lower electrode.

22 shows an embodiment in which a groove is formed in the lower electrode.

22 (a) shows a state before the upper electrode 10 and the lower electrode 20 are fusion-bonded, and Fig. 22 (b) shows a state after the upper electrode 10 and the lower electrode 20 are fusion bonded.

A groove 21 is formed in the lower electrode 20 of Fig. 22 along the rim of the molten bond portion.

In FIG. 22 (b), since the conductive bonding material 20a is gathered in the groove 21, it is possible to minimize the amount of overflow or overflow.

23 is an example of a perspective view of the lower electrode with grooves formed thereon.

In order to prevent the molten conductive bonding material from flowing sideways, it is also possible to provide a concave portion at the lower portion (in the direction in which gravity acts).

Fig. 24 is a view of Embodiment 1 in which a concave portion is formed.

Fig. 24 (a) shows a state before two electrodes are in contact with each other, and Fig. 24 (b) shows a state after two electrodes are in contact with each other.

The lower electrode 20 is provided with a recess 25 to receive the conductive bonding material 20a.

The convex portion 15 of the upper electrode 10 is formed in a shape corresponding to the concave portion 25 of the lower electrode 20 so that the convex portion 15 of the upper electrode 10 is formed in the lower It can be brought into close contact with the concave portion 25 of the electrode 20.

Fig. 25 is a view of the second embodiment in which the recess is formed.

Fig. 25 (a) shows a state before two electrodes are in contact with each other, and Fig. 25 (b) shows a state after two electrodes are in contact with each other.

Fig. 25 (a) shows a state before two electrodes are in contact with each other, and Fig. 25 (b) shows a state after two electrodes are in contact with each other.

The lower electrode 20 is provided with a recess 25 to receive the conductive bonding material 20a.

The convex portion 15 of the upper electrode 10 is formed in a shape corresponding to the concave portion 25 of the lower electrode 20 so that the convex portion 15 of the upper electrode 10 is formed in the lower It can be brought into close contact with the concave portion 25 of the electrode 20.

In Fig. 24, the concave portion of the lower electrode and the convex portion of the upper electrode are in the form of a polyhedron, but in Fig. 25, there is a difference in that the concave portion of the lower electrode and the convex portion of the upper electrode are curved surfaces.

In the embodiment shown in Figs. 24 and 25, the shape and size of the concave portion and the convex portion are substantially the same, but if the convex portion is made slightly smaller than the concave portion or the shape of the convex portion is partially cut out, , It is more advantageous to prevent the molten conductive bonding material from being sideways as it can be located in the empty space.

Also, if the depth of the concave portion is increased, the melted conductive bonding material 20a does not flow down even when the melting switch is inclined.

26 is a view of the third embodiment in which the concave portion is formed.

Fig. 26A shows a state before two electrodes are in contact, Fig. 26B shows a state after two electrodes are in contact, and Fig. 26C shows a state in which two electrodes are tilted before coming into contact .

If the lower electrode is provided with a concave portion, the loss of the conductive bonding material is minimized since the conductive bonding material does not flow out to the outside even if the melting switch is repeatedly operated several times, which is advantageous for producing a repeated melting switch.

The shape, size and depth of the concave portion can be variously modified as needed.

In order to prevent the molten conductive bonding material from flowing sideways, the melting switch of the present invention can be formed into a direct recessed shape in the downward direction (direction in which gravity acts) as shown in Figs. 24, 25 and 26 However, a recess can be formed by using a heat resistant member (for example, a plastic resin stream, a metal thin film, or the like).

That is, when the molten conductive adhesive material is melted along the edge of the contact surface of the downward (gravitational direction) electrode during the melt bonding of the moving electrode and the fixed electrode of the melting switch, the concave portion is recessed by the blocking wall of the heat resistant member, Can be constructed.

The concave portion formed by the blocking wall has an advantage that it can be applied to a bus bar electrode of a general copper sheet / plate.

Fig. 27 is an embodiment of a melting switch in which a concave portion is formed.

27 shows a " c-contact fusing switch " having a recess in the shape of a barrier wall.

The movable electrode 620 is moved to the lower fixed electrodes 613 and 614 along the path of the movement guide 672 at the time of melt separation at the upper fixed electrodes 611 and 612 by the compression force of the spring 638, And a heating element is installed in the heating element mounting hole of the moving electrode 620. [

27, the fixed electrodes 613 and 614 under the c-contact fusing switch form recesses with a structure in which the barrier walls GGG of the heat-resistant member surround the contact surfaces, and the movable electrode 620 is formed of a convex portion corresponding to the concave portion It can have negative shape.

Also, the conductive bonding material may be positioned in various forms in the recesses.

28 is another embodiment of the melting switch in which the recess is formed.

28 shows a " c-contact fusing switch " having a recess in the shape of a blocking wall.

FIG. 27 shows a structure in which the moving electrode 620 moves downward, and the lower fixed electrodes 613 and 614 have concave portions in the shape of a blocking wall (GGG), whereas FIG. 28 shows a structure in which the moving electrode 620 moves upward The movable electrodes 613 and 614 have recesses in the shape of a blocking wall GGG.

Accordingly, the melting switch of the present invention is characterized in that the edge of the contact surface of the lower (gravity direction) electrode for melting and bonding through the conductive bonding material among the moving electrode and the fixing electrode is formed so as to prevent the molten conductive bonding material from flowing down to the side And a concave portion is formed by forming a blocking wall of the structure.

However, in order for the melting switch to repeatedly perform the switching operation instead of the single-time switch operation, it is necessary to continuously provide the conductive bonding material required for performing the melt bonding and the melting separation repeatedly, and the feeding- It should be able to generate a feed force in both directions, not in one direction. An example of a typical means by which a transfer force can be transmitted in both directions is a motor. The moving electrode is coupled to a feed screw that converts the rotational motion of the motor into linear motion and receives the transfer force in both directions.

29 is a first embodiment of an iterative melting switch.

29, the fixed electrodes 811 and 812 and the motor 850 are fixed to the housing of the melting switch.

Fig. 29 (a) shows a state in which the repeated melting switch is opened, and Fig. 29 (b) shows a state in which a repeated melting switch is short-circuited.

A moving electrode 820 is present below the spaced apart two fixed electrodes 811 and 812. The movable electrode 820 can move up and down by the rotation torque of the motor 850. [ A feed screw 851 is connected to the motor and a thread having a shape corresponding to the feed screw 851 is formed on the transfer link 852 so that the transfer link 852 is moved up and down as the motor rotates .

The transfer link 852 is coupled to the moving electrode 820.

Here, since the transporting position of the moving electrode 820 can be controlled by the motor 850, the moving electrode can be sufficiently preheated and then contacted with the fixed electrode for melt bonding.

29A, when the movable electrode 820 is spaced apart from the two fixed electrodes 811 and 812, the two fixed electrodes 811 and 812 are electrically separated from each other. As shown in FIG. 2B, when the movable electrode 820 is coupled to the two fixed electrodes 811 and 812, the two fixed electrodes 811 and 812 are electrically connected.

Fig. 30 is a perspective view of the repeated melting switch of Fig. 29;

Fig. 31 is a perspective view of the moving electrode of the repeated melting switch of Fig. 29;

Two concave portions 825 are formed on the upper portion of the moving electrode 820 so that the conductive bonding material can be positioned. A plurality of holes for inserting a heating element are formed in the lower portion of the moving electrode 820.

32 is a second embodiment of an iterative melting switch.

32, the fixed electrodes 811 and 812 and the motor 850 are fixed to a housing (not shown).

32, a heating element is attached to the surface of the moving electrode 820, and the feeding screw of the motor is directly coupled to the moving electrode without a transmitting link.

Here, the motor can be replaced by a stepping motor to transfer the moving electrode in both directions and to detect the feeding position of the moving electrode

That is, since the step motor rotates at one step per pulse, it is possible to detect the position of the moving electrode by the number of drive pulses of the step motor without additionally providing the feed position detecting means.

The melting switch of FIGS. 29 and 32 can be structurally an iterative switch that simultaneously provides the functions of an "a-contact melting switch" and a "b-contact melting switch".

33 is a third embodiment of an iterative melting switch.

Specifically, FIG. 33 shows a structure in which the moving electrode 620 moves up and down in the gravitational direction due to the iterative melting switch of the 'c-contact melting switch', so that the lower fixed electrodes 613 and 614 and the moving electrode 620 are concave And the like.

The concave portion may be a concave portion or a concave portion formed by a blocking wall of the heat resistant member.

33 shows the shape of the recess formed by the blocking wall GGG.

33, in order to move the moving electrode 620 up and down, the moving electrode 620 provides a hole of the feeding screw in the vertical direction of the contact surface so that the feed screw of the motor is directly coupled to the moving electrode 620 . ≪ / RTI >

By the rotation of the motor, the feed screw connected to the rotating shaft rotates and the moving electrode can move in both directions.

It is preferable that the motor is a step motor for detecting the feeding position of the moving electrode.

The melting switches described above are characterized in that they 'melt connection of two fixed electrodes and a moving electrode, which are inevitably present in a switch, with a conductive bonding material to reduce conduction resistance, and the melting switch is variously modified .

In the previous embodiments, the conductive bonding material was provided in a plating or coating manner in advance on the fixed electrode and the movable electrode. However, in order to provide a sufficient amount of the conductive bonding material, an additional non-freezing conductive bonding material may be interposed between the fixed electrode and the moving electrode. For example, it is attached to a fixed electrode or a moving electrode in a form coupled with an insulator supporting member weak in heat, or is coated on a soldering catalyst body (for example, a flux-metal oxidation coating inhibitor) and attached to a fixed electrode or a moving electrode.

When the melting switch is connected to a plurality of battery cells of the battery control device to realize a melting switch assembly, electrode routing is required to minimize electrical resistance and wiring space between the electrodes.

That is, there is a need for a routing topology of a melting switch assembly that minimizes the wiring resistance and wiring space of the melting switch assembly.

In addition, the melting switch assembly of the battery control device is required to have a cooling device for suppressing a rise in the temperature of the battery cell electrode connected to the melting switch by the heat generated during the melting and melting of the melting switch.

In order to minimize the wiring resistance and the wiring space of the melting switch assembly of the battery control device in FIG. 1, the melting switch assembly of the present invention is constructed with one electrode wiring structure (a structure wired only on one electrode of a plurality of battery cells).

To this end, First 1, the basic battery cell 111 and the replacement battery cell 131 are structured to include a plurality of lower battery cells connected in series, so that the basic battery cell 111 and the replacement battery cell 131 are ' Cell unit group '.

Second, the number of cells of the 'battery cell unit group' may be doubled (even number).

Third, the wiring circuit can be configured so that the first-type switch S1 and the second-type switch S2 have a simple wiring structure.

According to the above-described method, the melt switch assembly of the present invention can provide one side electrode wiring structure in which the wiring resistance and the wiring space are minimized.

The number of battery cells included in the 'battery cell unit group' is doubled (even number) in order to provide a structure in which only one electrode is wired.

And a wiring circuit for the first type switch S1 and the second type switch S2 that has a short wiring path is constituted.

Fig. 34 shows an embodiment of an electrode wiring on one side of a melting switch assembly.

In FIG. 34, the number of battery cells in the battery cell unit group is 2 (even number) for illustrative purposes.

The symbols shown in FIGS. 34 and 36 follow the notation symbol of the 'c-contact melting switch CS' shown in FIG.

35 (a), T1 denotes a first fixed electrode, T2 denotes a second fixed electrode, T3 denotes a third fixed electrode, T4 denotes a fourth fixed electrode, and T5 denotes a moving electrode.

S1 denotes a first type switch, and S2 denotes a second type switch.

   FIG. 35 (b) is a symbol in FIG. 35 (a), and the arrow direction indicates the moving direction in which the moving electrode is fused.

A detailed electrode wiring diagram of one side of the melting switch assembly of Fig. 34 is as follows.

In Fig. 34, the first type switch and the second type switch are constituted by a 'c-contact melting switch'

In the first basic battery cell unit group,

       The positive electrode is connected to the second fixed electrode T2 of the first basic battery cell unit group;

       The cathode is connected to the fourth fixed electrode T4 of the first basic battery cell unit group;

       The first fixed electrode T1 is wired to the third fixed electrode T3 of the first basic battery cell unit group;

       In the second basic battery cell unit group,

       The positive electrode is connected to the negative electrode of the first basic battery cell unit group and the fourth fixed electrode T4 of the second basic battery cell unit group;

       The negative electrode is connected to the second fixed electrode T2 of the second basic battery cell unit group;

       The first fixed electrode T1 is connected to the third fixed electrode T3 of the second basic battery cell unit group;

Wherein the plurality of basic battery cells have the unit patterns formed as a plurality of series connection structures;

       In the first replacement battery cell unit group,

       The positive electrode is connected to the fourth fixed electrode T4 of the first replacement battery cell unit group;

       The negative electrode is connected to the second fixed electrode T2 of the first replacement battery cell unit group;

       The first fixed electrode T1 is wired to the third fixed electrode T3 of the first replacement battery cell unit group;

      In the second replacement primary battery cell unit group,

      The positive electrode is connected to the negative electrode of the first unit battery cell unit group and the second fixed electrode T2 of the second unit battery cell unit group;

      The cathode is connected to the fourth fixed electrode T4 of the second unit battery cell unit group;

      The third fixed electrode T3 is connected to the first fixed electrode T1 of the second unit battery cell group; And the plurality of replacement battery cells have the unit pattern formed of a plurality of series connection wiring structures.

36 is a schematic view of a melting switch assembly for the wiring diagram of FIG. 34;

The structure of the wiring assembly for the basic battery cell and the replacement battery cell in FIG. 34 is the same, so that the basic battery cell display is omitted from the drawing.

As shown in FIG. 36, the positive electrode PPPP and the negative electrode NNN of the replacement battery cell 131 are positioned at a predetermined distance from one side of the replacement battery cell 131;

In the replacement battery cell 131, the electrodes (anode, cathode) are alternately stacked in a series structure, the electrodes of the stacked replacement battery cells 131 are arranged in a two-column shape;

The 'c-contact melting switch (CS)' is disposed between the two column electrodes;

The first fixed electrode T1 and the third fixed electrode T3 of the 'c-contact fusion switch CS' are electrically short-circuited;

The second fixed electrode T2 of the first 'c-contact' melting switch CS1 'is wired with the positive electrode of the replacement battery cell 131_1 located in one row;

The fourth fixed electrode T4 of the first 'c' contact fusion switch CS1 'is wired with the cathode of the replacement battery cell 131_2 located in the one side row;

The fourth fixed electrode T4 of the second 'c-contact' melting switch CS2 'is wired with the positive electrode of the replacement battery cell 131_3 located in the one side row;

The second fixed electrode T2 of the second 'c-contact' melting switch CS2 'is wired with the negative electrode of the replacement battery cell 131_4 located in the first row;

The first fixed electrode T1 of the second c'contact melting switch CS2 is wired with the first fixed electrode T1 of the third c'contact meltdown switch CS3 '

In the plurality of battery cells, the unit patterns are wired in a plurality of serial connection structures.

Therefore, as shown in FIG. 36, the melting switch (CS) assembly has an electrode wiring structure in which a fixed electrode of the melting switch is connected to a connecting conductor (BBB) only on one side electrode of a battery cell arranged in two rows.

The connection conductor BBB is preferably a busbar when a large amount of current flows.

Also, the wiring having the above-described structure physically provides a wiring of a single-layer structure that does not overlap only one electrode on the same side of the plurality of battery cells (basic battery cell, replacement battery cell) Provides an advantage of miniaturization in a shape of a low height while minimizing wiring resistance by a short wiring path.

In FIG. 36, cooling means for suppressing a temperature rise of the battery cell electrode due to heat generated during fusion bonding and melting separation may be included in the melting switch assembly.

Here, the attachment position of the cooling means is an electrode portion of the battery cell connected to the melting switch.

As shown in FIG. 36, the cooling means attached to the battery cell electrode due to the one-side electrode wiring structure is advantageous in that it is attached only to one electrode, thereby reducing the cooling area.

It is preferable that the cooling means is a thermoelectric element (Peltier element) cooling apparatus which is excellent in local cooling ability and advantageous in downsizing.

The thermoelectric element generates a temperature difference on both sides when an electric current is supplied.

In order to keep the temperature difference constantly, a conductor is brought into contact with the heat absorbing surface of the thermoelectric element, and the heat radiating portion is brought into contact with the heat generating surface of the thermoelectric element to transfer the heat of the conductor to the heat radiating portion.

Fig. 37 is a perspective view of Fig. 36. Fig.

37, there is shown a simple one-side electrode wiring structure that is wired to only one side of the battery cell. The wiring between the electrodes is made up of a connecting conductor (BBB) of a bus bar, and a thermoelectric element is attached to one electrode part of the battery cell.

       FIG. 38 is a view showing the heat dissipating unit shown in FIG. 36;

It is needless to say that the heat dissipation unit can be realized in various forms and sizes according to the required cooling capacity, the shape of the conductor, and the available space, and can be realized by the air cooling type and the water cooling type.

Preferably, the heat dissipation unit further includes a power switch for controlling the melting switch and the thermoelectric element to radiate heat.

Further, the cooling means can suppress the local sudden temperature rise caused by the abnormal heat generation of the battery by the battery cell electrode cooling method irrespective of the operation of the melting switch.

The conventional battery cooling apparatus can not efficiently suppress the local sudden temperature rise caused by abnormal heat generation during charging / discharging of the battery due to the structure for cooling the surface of the battery cell. This may cause ignition or explosion of the battery.

That is, the cooling method through the surface of the battery cell (body) is such that the heat inside the battery cell structure is transferred through several layers of the anode / separator / cathode, so that the heat transfer rate is lower than that of the battery cell electrode having an excellent thermal conductivity, .

Therefore, the cooling means of the present invention can quickly remove the generated heat inside the battery cell by directly attaching the thermoelectric element to the surface of the battery cell electrode to directly cool the cell electrode.

In addition, when the battery management system (BMS) senses a local abnormal temperature rise of the battery in cooperation with the cooling water level, the battery management system (BMS) supplies current to the thermoelectric element of the cooling means corresponding to the part, By rapidly cooling the cell electrode, it is possible to effectively suppress the local abnormal temperature rise of the battery.

As described above, the battery cell electrode cooling system composed of the thermoelectric elements provides a function of not only rapidly suppressing the temperature rise of the battery cell electrode generated during the operation of the melting switch but also effectively suppressing the abnormal temperature rise of the battery locally .

Further, in order to further enhance the temperature rise suppressing ability of the battery or the battery cell electrode, a cooling means (thermoelectric element) is further attached to the other electrode (the left electrode of the battery cell in FIG. 36) of the battery cell not connected to the above- can do.

The cooling means can also be applied as a battery cooling system depending on the cooling capacity.

Further, when the battery is cooled in a water-cooled manner in the battery control apparatus of the present invention, it is preferable to apply a water-cooled heat sink (circulating the inside of the heat sink to the cooling water) to the melt switch assembly constituting the battery control device for high heat radiation effect and miniaturization .

 Therefore, the melting switch assembly of the present invention can minimize the temperature rise of the fixed electrode terminal connection portion by attaching the air-cooling type and the water-cooling type heat dissipation means to the fixed electrode terminal by various methods.

The melting switch and the melt switch assembly of the present invention can be used in battery control devices and energy storage devices (ESS) of electric vehicles, but they can also be applied to various fields including large power switches. That is, if a device including a switch for controlling a large current is needed, it can be applied to any field.

Claims (13)

1. A controller for a battery in which a plurality of basic battery cells and a replacement battery cell are connected in series,
A first type switch connected in series to each unit group of basic battery cells constituted by an even number of basic battery cells;
A second type switch in which the first type switches are connected in parallel to unit groups of the basic battery cells connected in series;
A second type switch connected in series to each unit group of replacement battery cells constituting the even number of replacement battery cells;
A first type switch in which the second type switches are connected in parallel to unit groups of the replacement battery cells connected in series;
A sensing unit for measuring a state of each battery cell;
And a control unit for controlling operations of the switches,
The first type switch is a switch capable of transitioning from an initial short-circuit state to an open state,
The second type switch is a switch capable of transitioning from a first open state to a short-circuit state,
The control unit operates the first type switch and the second type switch connected to the unit group of the basic battery cells including the failed battery cell to detect the failed battery cell among the basic battery cells from the input of the sensing unit, And the first type switch and the second type switch connected to the unit group of the replacement battery cell are operated so as to be included in the electric current flow line, Gt;
The method according to claim 1,
The first type switch and the second type switch are constituted by a "c-contact melting switch"
In the first basic battery cell unit group of the battery control device,
The positive electrode is connected to the second fixed electrode T2 of the first basic battery cell unit group;
The cathode is connected to the fourth fixed electrode T4 of the first basic battery cell unit group;
The first fixed electrode T1 is wired to the third fixed electrode T3 of the first basic battery cell unit group;
In the second basic battery cell unit group of the battery control device,
The positive electrode is connected to the negative electrode of the first basic battery cell unit group and the fourth fixed electrode T4 of the second basic battery cell unit group;
The negative electrode is connected to the second fixed electrode T2 of the second basic battery cell unit group;
Wherein the first fixed electrode T1 is wired to the third fixed electrode T3 of the second basic battery cell unit group, and the plurality of basic battery cells have a plurality of unit cells, Structure;
In the first replacement battery cell unit group of the battery control device,
The positive electrode is connected to the fourth fixed electrode T4 of the first replacement battery cell unit group;
The negative electrode is connected to the second fixed electrode T2 of the first replacement battery cell unit group;
The first fixed electrode T1 is wired to the third fixed electrode T3 of the first replacement battery cell unit group;
In the second replacement primary battery cell unit group of the battery control device,
The positive electrode is connected to the negative electrode of the first unit battery cell unit group and the second fixed electrode T2 of the second unit battery cell unit group;
The cathode is connected to the fourth fixed electrode T4 of the second unit battery cell unit group;
And the third fixed electrode T3 is wired to the first fixed electrode T1 of the second unit battery cell unit group, and the plurality of replacement battery cells have a plurality of unit connection patterns, Wherein said first and second battery cells are connected to each other via said second switch.
The method of claim 2,
A positive electrode and a negative electrode of the battery cell are positioned at a predetermined distance from one side of the battery cell (basic, replacement);
Wherein the battery cells are stacked in a structure in which the positions of the electrodes (anode, cathode) are alternately arranged, and the electrodes of the stacked battery cells are arranged in a two-column shape;
The 'c-contact melt switch' is disposed between the two column electrodes;
The first fixed electrode T1 and the third fixed electrode T3 of the 'c-contact melting switch' are electrically short-circuited;
The second fixed electrode T2 of the first 'c-contact meltdown switch' is wired with the anode of the first cell (of the first battery cell unit group) located in one row;
The fourth fixed electrode T4 of the first 'ccontact melting switch' is wired with the cathode of the last cell (of the first battery cell unit group) located in the first row;
The fourth fixed electrode T4 of the second 'c-contact meltdown switch' is wired with the positive electrode of the first cell (of the second battery cell unit group) located in the first row;
The second fixed electrode T2 of the second 'ccontact melting switch' is wired with the cathode of the last cell (of the second battery cell unit group) located in the one side column;
The first fixed electrode T1 of the second 'ccontact melting switch' is connected to the first fixed electrode T1 of the third ccontact melting switch ' As a unit pattern,
Wherein the plurality of battery cells have a plurality of unit connection patterns and the unit patterns form a plurality of series connection wiring structures.
The method of claim 3,
Wherein the battery control device is physically constructed of a melting switch assembly having a structure that is wired only on one side electrode on the same side of the plurality of battery cells.
The method according to any one of claims 2 to 3,
The edge of the contact surface of the lower (gravity direction) electrode for melting and bonding through the conductive bonding material among the moving electrode and the fixed electrode of the 'c-contact melting switch' is heated to a predetermined height so that the molten conductive bonding material does not flow down to the side And a melted switch assembly that forms a recessed portion by forming a blocking wall of a surrounding structure.
The method according to any one of claims 2 to 3,
Wherein the moving electrode of the 'c-contact fusing switch' comprises a through-hole through which the guide rod can pass in a direction perpendicular to the contact surface, and a moving electrode is moved along the path of the guide rod. Battery control device.
The method according to any one of claims 2 to 3,
The moving electrode of the 'c-contact fusing switch' provides a hole of the feed screw in the vertical direction of the contact surface and rotates the feed screw connected to the rotary shaft of the rotary motor with a rotating motor to move the moving electrode in both directions And a battery control unit.
The method of claim 7,
Wherein the rotating motor is a stepping motor.
The method of claim 3,
And a cooling unit attached to an electrode of the battery cell to suppress a temperature rise of an electrode of the battery cell due to heat generated during fusion bonding and melting and separation of the melting switch. .
The method of claim 9,
Wherein the cooling means comprises a thermoelectric element (thermoelectric cooling device).
The method of claim 10,
Wherein the cooling means pre-cools the electrode of the battery cell before performing the fusion bonding and the melting separation of the melting switch.
A method for controlling a battery control apparatus of a battery module in which a plurality of basic battery cells and replacement battery cells are connected in series,
The control part of the battery control device detects a faulty battery cell of the basic battery from the input of the sensing part;
The controller of the battery control device activating the first type switch and the second type switch connected to the unit group of the failed battery cell to exclude the connection of the failed basic battery cell from the electric current line;
The control unit of the battery control apparatus activates the first type switch and the second type switch connected to the unit group of the replacement battery cell to include the replacement battery cell in the electric current line;
Lt; / RTI >
The battery control device includes:
A first type switch connected in series to each unit group of basic battery cells constituted by an even number of basic battery cells;
A second type switch in which the first type switches are connected in parallel to unit groups of the basic battery cells connected in series;
A second type switch connected in series to each unit group of replacement battery cells constituting the even number of replacement battery cells;
A first type switch in which the second type switches are connected in parallel to unit groups of the replacement battery cells connected in series;
A sensing unit for measuring a state of each battery cell;
And a control unit for controlling operations of the switches,
The first type switch is a switch capable of transitioning from an initial short-circuit state to an open state,
Wherein the second type switch is a switch capable of transitioning from a first open state to a short-circuit state.
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12,
Wherein the first type switch and the second type switch are constituted by a fifth type switch to prevent the current of the battery control device from becoming discontinuous when the battery cell is replaced.

Images