KR20180031121A - METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR IMPROVING QUALITY - Google Patents

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR IMPROVING QUALITY Download PDF

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KR20180031121A
KR20180031121A KR1020160119046A KR20160119046A KR20180031121A KR 20180031121 A KR20180031121 A KR 20180031121A KR 1020160119046 A KR1020160119046 A KR 1020160119046A KR 20160119046 A KR20160119046 A KR 20160119046A KR 20180031121 A KR20180031121 A KR 20180031121A
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oil
pyrolysis
mixed
quality
methanol
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정인영
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정인영
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/10—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/07—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/04—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling
    • B29B2017/0424—Specific disintegrating techniques; devices therefor
    • B29B2017/0496—Pyrolysing the materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1003—Waste materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y02E50/32—
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/143—Feedstock the feedstock being recycled material, e.g. plastics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for pyrolysis of waste plastics. The present invention proposes a method and apparatus for improving the quality of pyrolysis oil and reducing the costs of pyrolysis oil in a mixed oil (light oil + heavy oil) state. 40% of methanol and 60% of the mixed oil are mixed at 40 °C for five minutes and are refined for ten minutes.

Description

폐 플라스틱 열분해유 품질개선 방법 및 장치{omitted}METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR IMPROVING QUALITY OF WRAPPED PLASTIC DISINFECTION OIL

본 발명은 폐 플라스틱으로부터 열분해유를 추출하여 구체적으로 열분해유(혼합유)의 품질을 향상하고 폐용제를 재활용하는 방법 및 장치에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for extracting pyrolysis oil from waste plastics, specifically improving the quality of pyrolysis oil (mixed oil) and recycling waste solvent.

일반적으로 열분해유를 추출하기 위해 재활용되는 폐 플라스틱은 PP(Poly Propylene), PE(Poly Ethylene), PS(Poly Styrene) 등이 있다.Generally, waste plastics recycled to extract pyrolysis oil are polypropylene (PP), poly (ethylene) (PE), and poly (styrene).

상기 PP, PE, PS는 열분해하여 열분해 가스 10%, 열분해유(혼합유) 80%, 카본 10% 정도가 생성 된다.The PP, PE, and PS are pyrolyzed to produce pyrolysis gas of 10%, pyrolysis oil (mixed oil) of about 80%, and carbon of about 10%.

열분해 가스(OFF GAS)는 메탄, 에탄, 프로판, 프로필렌 등이 주성분으로 LPG, LNG와 유사 한 발열량을 갖는다.The pyrolysis gas (OFF GAS) is mainly composed of methane, ethane, propane and propylene, and has a calorific value similar to that of LPG and LNG.

열분해유 중 20%는 경질유로서 주성분이 납사(NAPHTHA)이고, 80%는 중질유로서 주성분이 등유나 경유이며, 상기 경질유는 증류온도가 150℃ 이내이고, 인화점이 50℃ 미만인 저 비점물질로서 연소 시 버너에서 증기 폐색(VAPOR ROCK) 현상이 발생할 수 있다. 상기 중질유는 증류온도가 150℃~350℃이고, 인화점이 65℃~80℃로 양질의 연료이다. 그러나 색상이 흑색이고 불순물이 함유되어 잇어 벙커(BUNKER)유와 같은 저급 연료로 사용한다.20% of the pyrolysis oil is light oil, the main component is naphtha (NAPHTHA), 80% is heavy oil, the main component is kerosene or light oil, and the light oil is a low boiling substance having a distillation temperature of 150 ° C or less and a flash point of less than 50 ° C VAPOR ROCK may occur in the burner. The heavy oil has a high distillation temperature of 150 ° C to 350 ° C and a high flash point of 65 ° C to 80 ° C. However, the color is black and contains impurities, so it is used as low-grade fuel such as bunker oil.

카본은 주로 코크스 성분으로 약 7,000Kcal/Kg의 발열량을 보유하고 있으나 폐 플라스틱 중에 함유되어 있는 이물질(흙, 금속, 돌, 기타)이 포함되기 때문에 4,500~6,000 Kcal/Kg의 발열량을 갖는 고체 연료나 보조 연료로 사용한다.Carbon is mainly a coke component and has a calorific value of about 7,000 Kcal / Kg, but it contains a solid fuel having a calorific value of 4,500 to 6,000 Kcal / Kg because it contains foreign matters (earth, metal, stone, etc.) Used as an auxiliary fuel.

상기 PP(Poly Propylene)는 420℃에서 열분해가 시작되고, 480℃까지 완전히 열분해된다. 상기 PS(Poly Styrene)는 400℃에서 잔량 분배가 급격히 일어나므로 WAX 상의 물질 발생이 매우 작다.The PP (polypropylene) starts pyrolysis at 420 ° C and is completely pyrolyzed to 480 ° C. PS (Poly Styrene) is rapidly generated at 400 ° C, so that the generation of substances on WAX is very small.

열분해유는 경질유와 중질유가 혼합되어 생산된다. 열분해유는 폐PLASTIC중에 함유된 이물질 중 염료, 안료, 침전물등이 포함되어 있어 열분해유의 품질을 저하시키고 특히 CH로 나타내는 지방족 불포화화합물이 함유되어 공기와 접촉하면 쉽게 산화되어 COLOR가 흑색으로 변한다.Pyrolysis oil is produced by mixing light oil and heavy oil. Pyrolysis oil contains dyes, pigments and precipitates among foreign substances contained in pulsed plastics. It degrades the quality of pyrolysis oil. Especially, it contains aliphatic unsaturated compounds represented by CH and easily oxidizes when it comes into contact with air, and COLOR turns black.

열분해유는 경질유, 중질유가 혼합되어 생산되고 있는데 국내에서는 경질유와 중질유가 100% 혼합된 OIL 상태에서 불순물을 제거하는 것을 기술력으로 대단히 어려워 저급의 B·C유 대용으로 저가로 판매되고 있어 기업의 경쟁력을 퇴보시키고 있다.Pyrolysis oil is produced by mixing light oil and heavy oil. In Korea, it is very difficult to remove impurities in OIL state where 100% of light oil and heavy oil are mixed. It is sold at a low price for low grade B · C oil. .

또한 혼합유중의 중질유만을 추출하여 메탄올 용제를 50:50으로 혼합한 후 1회 사용하여 품질을 개선하는 방법은 있으나 현실적으로 국내에서는 중질유만을 추출하기가 불가능하기 때문에 적용하기가 어렵다.In addition, there is a method to improve the quality by mixing the methanol solvent with 50:50 by extracting only the heavy oil in the mixed oil. However, in reality, it is difficult to apply only the heavy oil because it is impossible to extract only heavy oil in Korea.

본 방법은 중질유만을 분리하지 않고 혼합유 상태에서 용제로 추출하여 품질을 개선하고 용제의 사용 횟수를 증가시켜 생산성과 경제성을 도모하고자 하는 것이다.This method is intended to improve productivity and economy by improving the quality and increasing the number of times of use of solvent by extracting with solvent in a mixed oil state without separating only heavy oil.

열분해 품질을 개선했을 때 이 연료의 용도는 내연기관 및 경유가 사용되는 모든 연소기관에 사용되어 질 수 있다.When the pyrolysis quality is improved, the use of this fuel can be used in all combustion engines in which internal combustion engines and diesel are used.

열분해유는 경질유와 중질유가 혼합되어 생산되고 있는데 국내에서는 100% 혼합된 OIL 상태에서 불순물을 제거하는 것을 기술력으로 대단히 어려워 B·C유 대용으로 저가로 판매되고 있어 기업의 경쟁력을 퇴보시키고 있다.Pyrolysis oil is produced by mixing light oil and heavy oil. In Korea, it is very difficult to remove impurities in 100% mixed OIL state. Therefore, it is being sold at a low price for B · C type.

혼합유중의 중질유만을 추출하여 메탄올 용제를 50:50으로 혼합한 후 1회 사용하여 품질을 개선하는 방법은 있으나 현실적으로 국내에서는 용제를 1회 사용하여 중질유만을 분리 추출하는 것은 용제비가 상승하기 때문에 적용하기가 어렵다.Although there is a method of improving the quality by mixing methanol solvent at 50:50 and extracting only the heavy oil in the mixed oil, the quality of the product is improved by using it once. However, in Korea, when the solvent is used only once, It is difficult to do.

본 방법은 중질유만을 분리하지 않고 혼합유 상태에서 용제로 추출하여 품질을 개선하고 용제의 사용 횟수를 증가시켜 생산성과 경제성을 도모하고자 하는 것이다.This method is intended to improve productivity and economy by improving the quality and increasing the number of times of use of solvent by extracting with solvent in a mixed oil state without separating only heavy oil.

열분해 품질을 개선했을 때 이 연료의 용도는 내연기관 및 경유가 사용되는 모든 연소기관에 사용되어 질 수 있다.When the pyrolysis quality is improved, the use of this fuel can be used in all combustion engines in which internal combustion engines and diesel are used.

본 발명은 폐 플라스틱을 열분해 하는 과정에서 발생하는 열분해 가스, 열분해유, 카본 또는 상기 열분해유로 부터 나눠지는 경질유, 중(重)질유의 분리 및 이들의 재활용이 어려운 종래 문제점을 해결하려는 것이다.The present invention aims at solving the conventional problems of difficulty in separating and recycling the pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis oil, carbon or heavy oil and heavy oil separated from the pyrolysis oil channel generated in the pyrolysis process of waste plastic.

열분해유중 혼합유(경질유 + 중질유)를 40℃ 가열상태에서 메탄올 40%와 혼합유 60%를 5분간 혼합하고 10분간 분리정제하여 하부위 열분해유 만을 DRAIN하고 상부의 메탄올은 그냥 놔둔 상태에서 혼합유만 3~5회 반복한다.The mixture of pyrolysis oil (light oil + heavy oil) was mixed with 40% of methanol and 60% of mixed oil for 5 minutes under the condition of heating at 40 ℃ and separated and purified for 10 minutes. Only the lower pyrolysis oil was DRAIN, Repeat 3 or 5 times.

최종적으로 3~5회 사용된 폐메탄올은 다시 64.3℃, 1atm에서 증류하여 재사용한다. 이때 용제의 감소율은 2%미만이며 이는 연료유로 재생한다.The waste methanol that is finally used 3 to 5 times is distilled again at 64.3 ° C and 1 atm to be reused. At this time, the reduction rate of the solvent is less than 2%, which recovers the fuel flow path.

아래의 실험결과는 상기와 같은 방법으로 혼합유를 메탄올 용제에 의해 추출한 실험결과로서 3~5차례 반복하여 메탄올을 사용한 결과로서 시판되는 경유 품질규격에 동등한 결과를 얻었다.The results of the experiment below were obtained by repeating the experiment 3 ~ 5 times with methanol solvent extracted from the mixed oil by the same method as above, and the results were equivalent to those of the commercial diesel oil quality standards.

※ 품질개선 결과※ Quality improvement result

Figure pat00001
Figure pat00001

아래의 실험결과는 용제가 용해력이 강하므로 혼합유 중의 경질유분을 용해시켰을 때 변하는 실험결과로서 교반시간 5분, 가열온도 40℃에서 완전 분리되어 열분해유 품질을 개선시키는 결과를 얻었다.The results of the experiment are as follows. The result of the experiment that the solvent changes when the light oil component in the mixed oil is dissolved, because the solvent has a strong dissolving power, it is completely separated at the stirring time of 5 minutes and the heating temperature of 40 ° C. to improve the quality of pyrolysis oil.

※ 교반시간에 따른 혼합유 성상 변화※ Mixed oil phase change with agitation time

Figure pat00002
Figure pat00002

아래의 실험결과는 용제가 용해력이 강하므로 혼합유 중의 경질유분을 용해시켰을 때 변하는 실험결과로서 분리정제 10분, 가열온도 40℃에서 완전 분리되어 열분해유 품질을 개선시키는 결과를 얻었다.The results of the experiment are as follows. The result of the experiment that the solvent changes when the light oil component in the mixed oil is dissolved because the solvent is strong in dissolving power.

※분리정제시간에 따른 혼합유 성상변화※ Mixed oil phase change according to separation purification time

Figure pat00003
Figure pat00003

본 발명에 상용되는 메탄올 품질은 아래와 같다.The methanol quality compatible with the present invention is as follows.

Figure pat00004
Figure pat00004

혼합유와 정제된 오일Mixed and refined oils

Figure pat00005
Figure pat00005

혼합유와 메탄올 교반(1차, 2차, 3차)Mixing oil and methanol stirring (primary, secondary, tertiary)

Figure pat00006
Figure pat00006

정제된 오일(1차, 2차, 3차, 4차, 5차)Purified oil (primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary, tertiary)

Figure pat00007
Figure pat00007

본 발명은 열분해유를 혼합유 상태에서 연료품질을 경유급으로 개선하여 기존 저가의 B·C유를 대용해서 경유연소설비에 사용할 수 있게 하여 에너지 대체 효과를 얻고 폐용제를 반복사용하여 경비를 절감하는데 목적이 있다.The present invention improves the fuel quality to the diesel oil in the mixed oil state and can substitute the existing low cost B · C oil for the diesel fuel combustion system to obtain the energy substitution effect and reduce the expense by repeatedly using the waste solvent .

도 1은 본 발명이 적용된 폐 플라스틱 열분해유 품질개선 방법 및 장치를 도시한 구성도
<도면의 주요 부분에 대한 부호의 간단한 설명>
100: 혼합유 교반조 110: 교반기
120: 스팀 130: 레벨게이지
200: 정제유조
300: 정제유조 310: 펌프
400: 폐용제 정제조 410: 스팀
420: 증류탑 430: 펌프
500: 응축기
600: 정제용제조 610: 펌프BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a method and apparatus for improving the quality of waste plastics thermal decomposition oil to which the present invention is applied
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG.
100: mixed oil stirring tank 110:
120: Steam 130: Level gauge
200: refined oil tank
300: refined oil tank 310: pump
400: Waste solvent preparation 410: Steam
420: distillation column 430: pump
500: condenser
600: Manufacture for purification 610: Pump

본 발명의 바람직한 실시 예를 첨부된 도 1에 의거 구체적으로 열거하면Detailed embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings,

본 발명의 열분해유 품질개선 방법 및 장치는 도 1에서 열거한 바와 같이 혼합유 교반조(100)에 혼합유(경질유+중질유)를 60% 주입하고, STM으로 50℃로 가열한다. 가열 후 용제(메탄올) 40%를 혼합유 교반조(100)에 주입한다. 이때 주입이 완료되면 40℃가 된다.In the pyrolysis oil quality improving method and apparatus of the present invention, 60% of mixed oil (light oil + heavy oil) is injected into the mixed oil stirring tank 100 as shown in FIG. 1 and heated to 50 ° C by STM. After heating, 40% of the solvent (methanol) is injected into the mixed oil stirring tank 100. At this time, when the injection is completed, the temperature is 40 ° C.

상기 혼합유 교반조(100)에서 교반기(110)에서 5분간 교반한 뒤 10분간 정제시킨다. 이때 레벨게이지(130)을 통하여 액상칼라로 분리됨을 알 수 있다. 이때 하부의 정제된 혼합유만을 정제유조(200, 300)으로 보낸다.In the mixed oil stirring tank 100, the mixture is stirred in an agitator 110 for 5 minutes and then refined for 10 minutes. At this time, it can be seen that liquid level color is separated through the level gauge 130. At this time, only the purified refined mixture is sent to refineries 200 and 300.

상기 혼합유 교반조(100)에서 다시 혼합유 60%를 주입하여 상기와 같은 방법으로 3~5회 반복하여 정제한다. 정제된 혼합유는 이송펌프(310)에 의해 제품 저장조로 보내진다.In the mixed oil stirring tank 100, 60% of the mixed oil is injected again, and the mixture is repeatedly refilled 3 to 5 times as described above. The purified mixed oil is sent to the product storage tank by the transfer pump 310.

상기 혼합유 교반조(100)에서 3~5회 반복하여 사용한 폐용제는 폐용제 정제조(400)으로 보내지며 스팀(410)에 의하여 약 100℃까지 가열하면 이때 폐용제의 유증기가 발생되어 증류탑(420)에서 충진물의 접촉을 거쳐 응축기(500)에서 응축된 후 정제용제조(600)으로 보내진다.The waste solvent used repeatedly 3 to 5 times in the mixed oil stirring tank 100 is sent to the waste solvent purification apparatus 400. When heated to about 100 ° C. by the steam 410, the vapor of the waste solvent is generated, The condensate is condensed in the condenser 500 through the contact of the filler in the condenser 420, and then sent to the purifier 600 for purification.

Claims (3)

폐플라스틱 열분해유 품질 개선 방법 및 장치에 있어서
열분해유중 혼합유(경질유+중질유)를 40℃상에서 메탄올 40%와 혼합유 60%를 혼합하여 열분해유 품질을 개선하는 방법 및 장치In a method and an apparatus for improving the quality of waste plastic pyrolysis oil
Method and apparatus for improving the quality of pyrolysis oil by mixing 40% of methanol and 60% of mixed oil at 40 ° C in mixed pyrolysis oil (light oil + heavy oil) 폐플라스틱 열분해유 품질 개선 방법 및 장치에 있어서
열분해유중(경질유+중질유)에 메탄올을 혼합하여 혼합시간 5분, 정제시간 10분을 유지하는 방법 및 장치In a method and an apparatus for improving the quality of waste plastic pyrolysis oil
A method and an apparatus for maintaining a mixing time of 5 minutes and a refining time of 10 minutes by mixing methanol in pyrolysis oil (light oil + heavy oil) 폐플라스틱 열분해유 품질 개선 방법 및 장치에 있어서
열분해유중 혼합유(경질유+중질유)에 메탄올을 반복하여 3~5회 사용한 후 폐메탄올을 재생하여 사용하고 잔사는 연료유로 재사용하는 방법 및 장치In a method and an apparatus for improving the quality of waste plastic pyrolysis oil
Method and apparatus for recycling waste methanol after repeated use of methanol 3 to 5 times in mixed oil (light oil + heavy oil) of pyrolysis oil and reusing fuel oil in residue
KR1020160119046A 2016-09-19 2016-09-19 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR IMPROVING QUALITY KR20180031121A (en)

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