KR20180025407A - Method, apparatus and computer program for controlling heating and cooling using by predicted mean vote - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a heating and cooling control method using PMV, and an apparatus and computer program for performing the method. The heating and cooling control method using PMV comprises: a first PMV influence factor calculation step of calculating a first PMV influence factor including indoor humidity, airflow velocity, average radiation temperature, amount of clothing, and amount of activity; a PMV calculation step of calculating a PMV value by substituting a plurality of temperature values (integer) within a predetermined range and the first PMV influence factor into a PMV calculation formula; a PMV determination step of determining if the calculated PMV value is within a predetermined target PMV range; and a temperature control step of controlling a heating and cooling apparatus such that the indoor temperature reaches a temperature value corresponding to a PMV value within the predetermined target PMV range if the calculated PMV value is within the predetermined target PMV range. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce complexity of calculation due to an inverse operation of the PMV calculation formula, thereby reducing a calculation amount of an apparatus and solving a problem that an indoor temperature cannot be calculated within an appropriate range.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to a cooling / heating control method using a PMV, an apparatus and a computer program for performing the method,

[0001] The present invention relates to a cooling / heating control method using a PMV, an apparatus and a computer program for performing the method, and more particularly, to an indoor / outdoor heating control method using a PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) The present invention relates to a cooling / heating control method using a PMV to provide a pleasant environment to a room occupant by controlling the apparatus, an apparatus for performing the method, and a computer program.

Modern people spend most of their day indoors. Therefore, it is becoming more and more important to maintain the comfort of indoor environment while saving energy in indoor living.

In general, the cooling and heating control of the room is performed by setting the room temperature desired by the occupant. However, since the actual set temperature is arbitrarily set by the occupant, there is a possibility that overcooling or overheating may occur, and the set temperature may not necessarily provide optimum comfort to the occupant.

The Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) is one of the most representative indices of indoor comfort, and is produced by the way that P.Ofanger averages the warmth of many people. If the PMV value is within a certain range, it means that the occupant can feel that he / she feels thermally comfortable. The PMV can be calculated by using six indicators (indoor temperature, humidity, airflow speed, average radiation temperature, wearing capacity of the occupant, activity amount).

Conventionally, a PMV value is set in advance, and an appropriate indoor temperature is derived by a method of inversely calculating an indoor temperature for achieving a target thermal comfort by substituting other indices other than the indoor temperature. However, the PMV calculation formula is nonlinear and the expression is complicated, and it takes a long time to calculate the appropriate room temperature, and even a case where the solution does not exist may occur. In order to solve this problem, a simplified PMV calculation formula using fixed variables or easily measurable variables has been used. However, in this case, if sufficient data can not be obtained, a problem arises in which it is difficult to calculate a proper room temperature It still existed.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention reduces the complexity of calculation due to the inverse calculation of the PMV calculation formula, re-sets the target PMV value in consideration of not only a simple target PMV value but also realistic factors such as power consumption, And a method for controlling the cooling and heating using the PMV for calculating an appropriate room temperature therefrom, and an apparatus for performing the method.

In the cooling / heating control method using the PMV according to the first embodiment of the present invention,

A first PMV influencing factor calculating step of calculating a first PMV influencing factor including the humidity of the room, the air flow rate, the average radiation temperature, the wearing amount, and the activity amount; A PMV calculation step of calculating a PMV value by substituting a plurality of temperature values (integer) within a predetermined range and the first PMV influence factor into a PMV calculation formula; A PMV determination step of determining whether the calculated PMV value falls within a predetermined target PMV range; And a temperature control step of controlling the cooling and heating apparatus so that the temperature of the room becomes a temperature value corresponding to the PMV value belonging to the predetermined target PMV range when the calculated PMV value belongs to the predetermined target PMV range .

The method further includes the steps of: if the user artificially resets the temperature of the room, substituting the first PMV influence factor and the reset temperature value into the PMV calculation formula to reassign the PMV value; And resetting the predetermined target PMV range using the re-calculated PMV value.

Here, in the temperature control step, when the PMV values belonging to the predetermined target PMV range among the calculated PMV values are plural, the power consumption among the temperature values corresponding to the PMV values belonging to the predetermined target PMV range is the lowest And selecting a temperature value.

In the cooling / heating control method using the PMV according to the second embodiment of the present invention,

A first PMV influencing factor calculating step of calculating a first PMV influencing factor including the humidity of the room, the air flow rate, the average radiation temperature, the wearing amount, and the activity amount; A target PMV setting step of confirming the electric charge information according to the time and setting a target PMV value or range based on the electricity charge information; And a temperature control step of calculating a room temperature value by substituting the first PMV influence factor and the target PMV value into the PMV calculation equation and controlling the cooling and heating apparatus so that the indoor temperature becomes the calculated temperature value.

Here, the target PMV setting step may be set based on a database of PMV values matched with electric bill information according to time.

In the first and second embodiments, the change amount of the first PMV influence factor may be detected, and the execution period of each step may be reset based on the change amount and the preset reference value.

In the cooling / heating control apparatus using the PMV according to the present invention,

A first PMV influencing factor calculating unit for receiving the measurement information from the sensor and calculating first PMV influencing factors including humidity, air flow rate, average radiation temperature, wear amount, and activity amount of the room; A PMV calculation unit for calculating a PMV value by substituting a plurality of temperature values (integer) within a predetermined range and the first PMV influence factor into a PMV calculation formula; And a temperature control unit for determining whether the calculated PMV value falls within a predetermined target PMV range and for controlling the cooling and heating apparatus so that the indoor temperature becomes a temperature value corresponding to the PMV value belonging to the predetermined target PMV range .

The target PMV setting unit may further include a target PMV setting unit for confirming the time and the corresponding electricity rate information, and setting a target PMV value or range based thereon.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to reduce the computational complexity due to the inverse operation of the PMV calculation formula, thereby reducing the amount of operation of the apparatus and solving the problem that the indoor temperature can not be obtained in an appropriate range.

Not only the comfort of the indoor environment but also the energy consumption can be set because the target temperature value can be set by reflecting the information of the power consumption and the electric charge that should be considered in operating the air conditioner in real life.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
1 shows an example of a cooling / heating control system using a PMV according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows a procedure of a cooling / heating control method using a PMV according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a method for controlling cooling and heating using a PMV according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 shows a configuration of a cooling and heating control apparatus using a PMV according to the present invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The present invention is capable of various modifications and various embodiments, and specific embodiments will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The following examples are provided to aid in a comprehensive understanding of the methods, apparatus, and / or systems described herein. However, this is merely an example and the present invention is not limited thereto.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, well-known functions or constructions are not described in detail since they would obscure the invention in unnecessary detail. The following terms are defined in consideration of the functions of the present invention, and may be changed according to the intention or custom of the user, the operator, and the like. Therefore, the definition should be based on the contents throughout this specification. The terms used in the detailed description are intended only to describe embodiments of the invention and should in no way be limiting. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the singular forms of the expressions include plural forms of meanings. In this description, the expressions "comprising" or "comprising" are intended to indicate certain features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, parts or combinations thereof, Should not be construed to preclude the presence or possibility of other features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, portions or combinations thereof.

It is also to be understood that the terms first, second, etc. may be used to describe various components, but the components are not limited by the terms, and the terms may be used to distinguish one component from another .

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of an air conditioning control method using a PMV according to the present invention, an apparatus for performing the method, and a computer program will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) is estimated to be 3 (very hot), +2 (warm), +1 (slightly warm), 0 (pleasant), -1 Cold), and -3 (very cold). The PMV can be calculated when the physical variables such as room temperature, mean radiant temperature, air velocity, and humidity are estimated by estimating individual variables such as activity amount (metabolic rate) and wearing amount (thermal resistance). The PMV calculation equation is as shown in the following Equation 1, and t _cl , h _c , and f _cl can be obtained by using Equations (2) to (4) in advance.

[Equation 1]

 &Quot; (2) "

&Quot; (3) "

&Quot; (4) "

Here, M is activity, W is the external work, Pa is a moisture partial pressure, V _ar the air flow speed, I _cl is a clothing thermal insulation coefficient, t _a is the room temperature, t _mrt copies temperature, f _cl is the exposure of the garment area ratio, t _cl is the garment surface temperature, and h _c is the heat transfer coefficient of the human body surface.

In order to calculate the PMV, the values of the respective parameters (PMV influencing factors: temperature, humidity, airflow rate, average radiation temperature, wearing capacity, activity amount) of the PMV calculation formula should be inputted. As shown in Table 1 below, physical variables such as temperature, humidity, air velocity, and average radiation temperature are measured or calculated, and personal variables such as clothing amount and activity amount are estimated.

1 shows an example of a cooling / heating control system using a PMV according to the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1, the cooling / heating control system using the PMV according to the present invention may include an air conditioner controller 100, an upper controller 200, a sensor 300, and an HVAC 400. Further, when each of the above configurations is physically spaced apart, it may further include a communication network connecting the respective configurations.

Further, each configuration of the cooling / heating control system using the PMV according to the present invention is shown as an example only, and it is not necessarily configured as shown in Fig. For example, each function of the controller 200, the sensor 300, and the HVAC 400 may be included in the cooling / heating control device 100.

The cooling and heating control apparatus 100 is for controlling various influencing factors in order to optimize the indoor environment. In particular, the heating and cooling control apparatus 100 can perform calculation, control, and the like for controlling the indoor temperature. For example, a specific control command may be calculated using information received from the host controller 200 and the sensor 300, and the specific control command may be transmitted to the HVAC 400 or the like using the calculated control command. The specific control command may include a command to calculate a PMV value using the PMV influence factor and to control the room temperature to a temperature value corresponding to the calculated PMV value.

The host controller 200 may provide the PMV set value or range, electricity bill information, etc. to the cooling / heating control device 100, and may be, for example, a building energy management system (BEMS) .

The sensor 300 may include a thermometer for measuring the temperature, a hygrometer for measuring the humidity, an airflow rate sensor for measuring the airflow rate, and a black bulb thermometer for measuring the radiation temperature. Furthermore, the sensor 300 may further include an arithmetic function capable of calculating the amount of clothing based on the clothes weight, the clothes heat resistance table, and the amount of activity based on the occupant's heart rate, breathing metabolism, and activity record table.

The HVAC 400 refers to heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. The HVAC 400 may include facilities for introducing hot or cold air into a room to adjust temperature, or to remove dust through ventilation.

FIG. 2 shows a procedure of a cooling / heating control method using a PMV according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 2, the cooling / heating control method using the PMV according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes a first PMV influence factor calculation step S210, a PMV calculation step S220, a PMV determination step S230, (S240).

First, in step S210, the cooling / heating control apparatus 100 can calculate the humidity, the airflow speed, the average radiation temperature, the wearing amount, the activity amount, and the like of the room. At this time, it can be calculated using the information such as the temperature, the humidity, and the airflow rate received from the sensor 300. For convenience of explanation, among the six influence factors for calculating the PMV, the remaining variables except for the room temperature are referred to as the first PMV influence factor.

In step S220, the cooling and heating control device 100 calculates a temperature value (integer) within a predetermined range and the first PMV influence factor calculated in the previous step S210 to the PMV calculation formula described in the above-mentioned Equations 1 to 4 The PMV value of the present room can be calculated.

The temperature value belonging to the predetermined range may be set to a temperature range, for example, 18 ° C to 26 ° C, in which a normal person can live in daily life without great inconvenience. In general, the heating / cooling apparatus operates at the temperature value of the purified water. Therefore, in this case, the temperature values within the predetermined range are 18 ° C, 19 ° C, 20 ° C, 21 ° C, 22 ° C, 23 ° C, 24 ° C, Lt; / RTI >

Eight PMV values can be calculated by substituting the eight temperature values (integer) of 18 deg. C to 26 deg. C and the first PMV influence factor into the PMV calculation formula for each temperature.

In step S230, the cooling / heating control device 100 may determine whether the PMV value calculated in the previous step S220 belongs to a predetermined target PMV range. Here, the predetermined target PMV range means a PMV value arbitrarily set within a range that is empirically and statistically determined that the occupant can feel comfortable. For example, from -0.5 to 0.5.

In this step, it is possible to trace the appropriate room temperature in reverse while determining whether or not the PMV value calculated using the temperature value (integer) belonging to the predetermined range falls within the predetermined target PMV range. Thus, it is possible to prevent problems such as an excessive computation burden and a solution that are caused in the conventional inverse operation method.

In step S240, the cooling / heating control device 100 calculates a temperature value corresponding to the PMV value belonging to the predetermined target PMV range among the PMV values calculated by substituting the plurality of temperature values (integer) (HVAC) < / RTI >

For example, a temperature value (integer) belonging to the predetermined range is 18 deg. C to 26 deg. C, a predetermined target PMV range is -0.5 to +0.5, and a PMV value calculated according to each temperature value is shown in Table 2 .

Temperature (℃) PMV value 18 -2.3 19 -2.0 20 -1.7 21 -1.2 22 -0.6 23 +0.3 24 +0.9 25 +1.6

At this time, since the PMV value belonging to the predetermined target PMV range is +0.3 and the corresponding temperature value is 23 deg. C, the cooling and heating control device 100 controls the HVAC 400 so that the indoor temperature becomes 23 deg. Can be controlled.

If there are a plurality of PMV values belonging to the predetermined target PMV range among the calculated PMV values, a temperature value having the lowest power consumption among the temperature values corresponding to the PMV values belonging to the predetermined target PMV range can be selected.

On the other hand, when the PMV value belonging to the predetermined target PMV range does not exist among the calculated PMV values, the temperature value corresponding to the PMV value closest to the predetermined target PMV range can be selected.

In addition, when the occupant sets the target temperature by himself / herself instead of the control by the cooling / heating control device 100 according to the present invention, the cooling / heating control device 100 sets the first PMV influence factor and the inputted temperature to the PMV It is possible to re-calculate the PMV value by substituting it into the calculation formula, and reset the predetermined target PMV range using the re-calculated PMV value. This makes it possible to optimize the room environment preferred by each occupant.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a method for controlling cooling and heating using a PMV according to a second embodiment of the present invention. The second embodiment is characterized in that the electricity price information according to the time is further used in setting the target PMV value or range.

Referring to FIG. 3, the cooling / heating control method using the PMV according to the second embodiment of the present invention includes a first PMV influence factor calculation step S310, a target PMV setting step S320, and a temperature control step S330 Lt; / RTI >

First, in step S310, the cooling / heating control apparatus 100 may calculate the first PMV influencing factor including the humidity, the air flow rate, the average radiation temperature, the wearing amount, and the activity amount of the room. This step is not described in detail in the step S210 of the first embodiment of the present invention.

In step S320, the heating / cooling control device 100 can set a desired PMV value or a range based on the electricity rate information according to the time. More specifically, the heating / cooling control device 100 can confirm the current time and confirm the electricity rate information according to the time. At this time, the electricity bill information can be received from the host controller 200 in real time.

As a simple example for convenience of explanation, it is assumed that the electricity rate is relatively inferior to the afternoon time in the morning time. In this case, the target PMV value may be set to -0.5 in the morning time, and the target PMV value may be set to +0.5 in the afternoon to save the electricity bill.

In this step, the database for the PMV value matched with the electricity rate according to the time is set in advance and the target PMV value is immediately obtained by using the database only when the cooling / heating control device 100 confirms the current time And can be acquired and set.

FIG. 4 shows a configuration of a cooling and heating control apparatus using a PMV according to the present invention.

4, the cooling and heating control apparatus 100 using the PMV includes a first PMV influencing factor calculating unit 110, a PMV calculating unit 120, a temperature controlling unit 130, and a target PMV setting unit 140 ). ≪ / RTI > In addition, it may further include a database of PMV values matched with the electric bill information according to the time.

The first PMV influencing factor calculating unit 110 calculates a first PMV influencing factor including a humidity, an air flow rate, an average radiation temperature, a wearing amount, and an activity amount based on information received from the sensor 300 and input information by the user Respectively.

The PMV calculator 120 may calculate a PMV value by substituting a plurality of temperature values (integers) belonging to a predetermined range and the first PMV influence factor into the PMV calculation equations of Equations (1) to (4). A plurality of temperature values (constants) belonging to the predetermined range can be set based on empirical and statistical data. For example, 18 [deg.] C to 26 [deg.] C.

The temperature control unit 130 determines whether the calculated PMV value falls within a predetermined target PMV range, and determines whether or not the indoor temperature is a temperature value corresponding to the PMV value belonging to the predetermined target PMV range, ) ≪ / RTI > Furthermore, it is also possible to control the cooling and heating apparatus 400 so that the temperature value corresponds to the target PMV value set based on the electricity rate information.

The target PMV setting unit 140 can confirm the time and the electric bill information corresponding thereto and set the target PMV value or range based thereon.

Meanwhile, the embodiments of the present invention described above can be written in a program that can be executed in a computer, and the created program can be stored in a medium.

The medium may be a storage such as a magnetic storage medium (e.g., ROM, floppy disk, hard disk, etc.), an optical reading medium (e.g. CD ROM, DVD, etc.) and a carrier wave Media, but is not limited thereto.

The foregoing description is merely illustrative of the technical idea of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the essential characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments described in the present invention are not intended to limit the technical spirit of the present invention, but are intended to be illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of protection of the present invention should be construed by the following claims, and all technical ideas within the scope of equivalents thereof should be construed as being included in the scope of the present invention.

100: cooling / heating control device 110: first PMV influencing factor calculating section
120: PMV calculation unit 130: temperature control unit
140: target PMV setting unit
200: host controller 300: sensor
400: HVAC

Claims (9)

A first PMV influencing factor calculating step of calculating a first PMV influencing factor including the humidity of the room, the air flow rate, the average radiation temperature, the wearing amount, and the activity amount;
A PMV calculation step of calculating a PMV value by substituting a plurality of temperature values (integer) within a predetermined range and the first PMV influence factor into a PMV calculation formula;
A PMV determination step of determining whether the calculated PMV value falls within a predetermined target PMV range; And
And a temperature control step of controlling the cooling and heating apparatus so that the temperature of the room becomes the temperature value corresponding to the PMV value belonging to the predetermined target PMV range when the calculated PMV value belongs to the predetermined target PMV range A method of cooling and heating control using a PMV.
The method according to claim 1,
The method comprises:
When the user artificially resets the temperature of the room,
Substituting the first PMV influence factor and the reset temperature value into the PMV calculation formula, and returning the PMV value; And
Further comprising the step of resetting the predetermined target PMV range using the re-calculated PMV value.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the temperature control step comprises:
And selecting a temperature value at which power consumption among the temperature values corresponding to the PMV values belonging to the predetermined target PMV range is lowest when a plurality of PMV values belonging to the predetermined target PMV range among the calculated PMV values are included And controlling the temperature of the PMV.
A first PMV influencing factor calculating step of calculating a first PMV influencing factor including the humidity of the room, the air flow rate, the average radiation temperature, the wearing amount, and the activity amount;
A target PMV setting step of confirming the electric charge information according to the time and setting a target PMV value or range based on the electricity charge information; And
And a temperature control step of calculating a room temperature value by substituting the first PMV influence factor and the target PMV value into a PMV calculation formula and controlling the cooling and heating apparatus so that the temperature of the room is a calculated temperature value, Control method.
5. The method of claim 4,
The target PMV setting step includes:
Based on a database of PMV values matched with electricity rate information according to the time.
The method according to claim 1 or 4,
The method comprises:
Detecting a change amount of the first PMV influence factor, and resetting the execution period of each step based on the change amount and a preset reference value.
A computer program stored on a medium for executing the method of any one of claims 1 to 6 in combination with hardware.
A first PMV influencing factor calculating unit for receiving the measurement information from the sensor and calculating first PMV influencing factors including humidity, air flow rate, average radiation temperature, wear amount, and activity amount of the room;
A PMV calculation unit for calculating a PMV value by substituting a plurality of temperature values (integer) within a predetermined range and the first PMV influence factor into a PMV calculation formula; And
And a temperature control unit for determining whether the calculated PMV value belongs to a predetermined target PMV range and for controlling the cooling and heating apparatus such that the temperature of the room is a temperature value corresponding to a PMV value belonging to the predetermined target PMV range Wherein the control unit controls the PMV control unit to control the cooling / heating control unit.
9. The method of claim 8,
Further comprising a target PMV setting unit for confirming the time and the electricity rate information and setting a target PMV value or range based thereon.

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