KR20170141412A - Capacitive deionization apparatus and method for adsorbing ions in feed solution using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a capacitive deionization apparatus and a method for adsorbing ions in a feed solution using the same and, more specifically, to a capacitive deionization apparatus which has a simple structure, can be easily maintained and is advantageous to enlargement, and to a method for adsorbing ions in a feed solution using the same. The capacitive deionization apparatus comprises a pair of electrodes consisting of a positive electrode and a negative electrode; and a cylindrical hollow fiber membrane arranged between the electrodes.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a condensate desalination apparatus and a method for adsorbing ions present in an influent solution using the apparatus,

[0001] The present invention relates to a storage type desalination apparatus and a method for adsorbing ions present in an influent solution using the same, and more particularly, to a storage type desalination apparatus which is simple in structure, easy to maintain, To a method for adsorbing ions present in an inflow solution.

Efforts to develop and commercialize eco-technology have become visible worldwide as interest in solving greenhouse gas problems has increased. Especially, due to the drought problem due to the abnormal climate, the importance of drinking water has risen and research on desalting technology has been promoted. Desalination technology is widely required in various industrial processes such as boiler water production, ultrapure water production, cooling water for power plants, and removal of environmental pollutants in groundwater.

In order to solve the energy problem in Korea where the world energy price is skyrocketing due to the unbalanced supply and demand of fossil fuels, it is necessary to secure sustainable alternative energy sources and to convert existing industrial processes into energy- And desalination technology is required to develop a new concept that can dramatically reduce energy.

Currently, ion exchange methods are widely used as a method for removing ionic substances from the desalination technology. Although this method has the advantage of separating most ionic materials effectively and economically, it has a major disadvantage in that a large amount of acid, base, or salt concentrate is generated in the process of regenerating the ion-exchanged resin . In addition to the ion exchange method, membrane techniques such as reverse osmosis membrane method and electrodialysis method are applied. However, these processes have problems such as periodic replacement of membrane, drastic reduction of treated water due to membrane contamination, and increased energy consumption during operation. As a new desalination technique capable of solving such problems, research on capacitive deionization (CDI) using an electrochemical method has been actively carried out.

CDI technology is a desalination technology that can reversibly perform adsorption and desorption by changing the electrode potential as a technique of adding electric driving force to conventional adsorption and ion exchange mechanisms. In addition, since the CDI technology utilizes the adsorption reaction of ions by the electrical attraction in the electric double layer of the electrode surface when the electric potential is applied, it operates at a low electric potential. As a result, the energy consumption is much lower than other separation processes, Desalination technology.

In the conventional electrothermal desalination apparatus, the interval (flow path interval) between the electrodes is usually narrowed to 1 mm or less (typically 100 m), so that the structure is complicated and it is difficult to maintain the intervals uniformly. So that the performance is degraded.

Accordingly, development of a storage type desalting electrode capable of improving performance with a simple structure and easy cleaning has been demanded.

Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2015-0137560

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide an electrocatalytic desalination apparatus which is easy to maintain and repair because of its simple structure and suitable for enlargement, And a method for adsorbing ions present in the inflow solution using the same.

These and other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment.

The above object is achieved by a plasma display panel comprising a pair of electrodes made up of a positive electrode and a negative electrode; And a columnar hollow fiber membrane disposed between the electrodes.

At this time, the hollow fiber membrane can be made of an ion exchange resin, and the hollow fiber membrane having a diameter of 0.5 to 1.5 mm can be used.

Also, the hollow fiber membrane may contain a conductive material therein, the conductive material may be activated carbon, and the diameter of the conductive material may be 10 to 200 탆.

In addition, it may include an intermediate electrode disposed between the electrodes. In this case, a plurality of hollow fiber membranes may be provided, and the intermediate electrode may be disposed parallel to the pair of electrodes between the hollow fiber membranes.

The above object can also be accomplished by a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, comprising: applying a voltage to a storage and desalination device; Supplying an influent solution; And a step in which the ions present in the inflow solution are adsorbed into the hollow fiber membrane, and a method of adsorbing ions present in the inflow solution.

At this time, the hollow fiber membrane can be made of an ion exchange resin, and the hollow fiber membrane having a diameter of 0.5 to 1.5 mm can be used.

Also, the hollow fiber membrane may contain a conductive material therein, the conductive material may be activated carbon, and the diameter of the conductive material may be 10 to 200 탆.

According to the present invention, it is possible to adsorb ions in the inflow solution with a small voltage.

In addition, unlike the conventional depolarizing apparatus, it is possible to widen the gap between the positive electrode and the negative electrode so that the adsorbed ions can be desorbed (cleaned) easily and the fouling effect can be minimized, Can be saved.

In addition, the structure is simple, which is advantageous for enlarging the size of the electrostatic precipitator, and the intermediate electrode is used between both electrodes to uniformly distribute the voltage, thereby improving the performance of the desalination apparatus.

However, the effects of the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned effects, and other effects not mentioned can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a storage and desalination apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG.
2 is a front view of Fig.
FIG. 3 is a view schematically illustrating a process in which ions are adsorbed and desorbed from a hollow fiber membrane of a thermal decomposition apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
4 is a view showing an example of a conventional charge and discharge apparatus.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to embodiments and drawings of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these embodiments are provided by way of illustration only for the purpose of more particularly illustrating the present invention and that the scope of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments .

Also, unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains and, where contradictory, Will be given priority.

In order to clearly illustrate the claimed invention, parts not related to the description are omitted, and like reference numerals are used for like parts throughout the specification. And, when a section is referred to as "including " an element, it does not exclude other elements unless specifically stated to the contrary. In addition, "part" described in the specification means one unit or block performing a specific function.

In each step, the identification code (first, second, etc.) is used for convenience of explanation, the identification code does not describe the order of each step, and each step does not explicitly list a specific order in the context May be performed differently from the above-described sequence. That is, each of the steps may be performed in the same order as described, or may be performed substantially concurrently or in the reverse order.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a storage and desalination apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a front view of FIG. 1 and 2, the apparatus 100 of the present invention includes a pair of electrodes made of a positive electrode 10 and a negative electrode 20, and a pair of electrodes Of the hollow fiber membrane (30). FIG. 4 is a view showing an example of a conventional electrolytic demineralization apparatus. In general, the electrolytic demineralization apparatus has a pair of electrodes composed of a positive electrode and a negative electrode and a plate-like ion exchange membrane between the electrodes, ), The ions having opposite charges to the charged electrode migrate to the respective electrodes by electrostatic force and adsorbed on the electrode surface. Such a plate-type electrostatic precipitator has a narrow channel spacing of 1 mm or less (typically 100 탆), which is complicated in structure and difficult to maintain uniform spacing, and is difficult to clean when a clogging phenomenon occurs, there was.

Accordingly, unlike the conventional plate-type capacitative demineralization apparatus (see FIG. 4), a cylindrical hollow fiber membrane 30 is disposed between a pair of electrodes composed of a positive electrode 10 and a negative electrode 20 So that the structure can be simplified. More specifically, since a plurality of identical hollow fiber membranes 30 are regularly arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, not only the adsorption and desorption of ions present in the inflow solution can be facilitated, but also the cleaning can be easily performed, It can be prevented in advance.

In one embodiment, the electrodes are connected to a power source, one functioning as a positive electrode 10 and the other functioning as a negative electrode 20, which may be a carbon electrode. For example, the carbon electrode is preferably formed by coating the carbon slurry mixture at a rate of 0.5 to 1.0 m / min and drying at 80 to 90 ° C. Since the carbon electrode having less drying is likely to be broken, proper drying is necessary. In order to always produce a constant electrode, the temperature condition and the coating speed condition are more preferably made uniform at a rate of 1.0 m / min at 85 캜 desirable. The positive electrode 10 and the negative electrode 20 can be connected to the current collector, respectively, and the current collector supplies current to the electrode and protects the electrode. The current collector may use graphite or the like, and may not be used depending on the configuration of the electrode.

In one embodiment, the hollow fiber membrane 30 has a cylindrical shape with a plurality of pores formed on the surface thereof so that ions can pass therethrough, and may include a conductive material therein. The hollow fiber membrane 30 may be disposed between the positive electrode 10 and the negative electrode 20, and a plurality of the hollow fibers 30 may be regularly arranged (see FIG. 1). Unlike a plate-type ion exchange membrane used in a conventional capacitive desalination apparatus, the present invention uses a hollow fiber membrane 30 made in a cylindrical shape to solve the problems of the conventional electrolytic desalination apparatus, that is, And the cathode electrode 20 is narrower than 1 mm, which is structurally complicated.

The hollow fiber membrane 30 can be made of various ion exchange resins. Preferably, the region near the cathode electrode 20 with respect to the center of the anode 10 and the cathode electrode 20 is manufactured using a cation exchange resin, and the region near the anode 10 is manufactured using an anion exchange resin . Cation exchange resin is an ion exchange resin showing the action of cation exchange. It is an insoluble polymer acid, and it is classified into strongly acidic cation exchange resin and weakly acidic cation exchange resin according to the strength of acidity by the exchanger. As the host of the cation exchange resin, a hybrid polymer of styrene and divinylbenzene is generally used. As the weakly acidic cation exchange resin, a hybrid polymer of methacrylic acid and divinylbenzene is used. As the exchanger, there are sulfonic acid groups as strong acid groups, carboxy groups and phenolic hydroxyl groups as weak acid groups, and sulfone groups (-PO ₃ H ₂ ) and arson groups (-AsO ₃ H ₂ ). Preferably, a polystyrenesulfonic acid type resin can be used as the strongly acidic cation exchange resin. The anion exchange resin is an ion exchange resin exhibiting the function of anion exchange and classified into an infectious agent anion exchange resin and a weak base anion exchange resin according to an exchange. Specifically, a resin having a basic group such as an amino group (-NH ₂ , -NHR, -NR ₂ ), quaternary ammonium group or the like can be used for the insoluble synthetic resin matrix, and a styrenic anion exchange resin can be preferably used.

The diameter of the hollow fiber membrane 30 is preferably 0.5 to 1.5 mm. If the diameter of the hollow fiber membrane 30 is less than 0.5 mm, it is difficult to manufacture the membrane. If the diameter exceeds 1.5 mm, the contact area with the inflow solution is reduced and the adsorption rate is deteriorated.

In addition, the hollow fiber membrane 30 may include various conductive materials 31 therein, and the ion adsorption capability may be improved through the conductive material 31. At this time, the conductive material 31 may be activated carbon. When the inflow solution (saline water) is passed between the pair of electrodes and a contact pressure is applied to both ends, ions in the inflow solution flowing outside the hollow fiber membrane 30 pass through the hollow fiber membrane and are adsorbed on the activated carbon inside . In order to improve the adsorption efficiency, the diameter of the particles of the conductive material 31 is preferably in the range of 10 to 200 占 퐉, but it may be adjusted according to the size of the hollow fiber membrane 30 to be manufactured.

FIG. 3 is a view schematically illustrating a process in which ions are adsorbed and desorbed in the hollow fiber membrane 30 of the thermal decomposition apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. 3, the plurality of hollow fiber membranes 30 disposed between the positive electrode 10 and the negative electrode 20 may include activated carbon as the conductive material 31, (Outside the hollow fiber membrane 30) between the hollow fiber membranes 30. As the incoming solution moves between the hollow fiber membranes 30, the ions in the incoming solution pass through the hollow fiber membrane 30 and are adsorbed to the activated carbon inside. The adsorbed ions may be desorbed from the hollow fiber membrane 30 by injecting air or water into the hollow fiber membrane 30, desorbing the adsorbed ions to the outside of the hollow fiber membrane, or removing the activated carbon itself. That is, by including activated carbon particles in the hollow fiber membrane 30, ions can be desorbed more easily than the conventional plate type depolymerization apparatus, and the hollow fiber membranes 30 can be continuously used .

In one embodiment, the intermediate electrode 40 may be disposed between the positive electrode 10 and the negative electrode 20. More specifically, a plurality of hollow fiber membranes 30 may be regularly arranged between the positive electrode 10 and the negative electrode 20, and the intermediate electrode 40 may be disposed between the hollow fiber membranes 30 At this time, it is arranged in parallel with the positive electrode 10 and the negative electrode 20. The intermediate electrode 40 is a bipolar electrode. A plurality of bipolar electrodes may be disposed between the electrodes to uniformly apply a voltage between the electrodes, and a carbon-based bipolar electrode plate may be used. However, the present invention is not limited thereto .

The storage and desalination apparatus 100 may be operated alone, but preferably a plurality of sets can be operated. At this time, desalination of the influent solution can be continuously performed while each of the electrothermal desalination apparatuses 100 constituting the set alternately performs charging and discharging according to different operating schedules.

As described above, the present invention is characterized in that, unlike the conventional plate type depolarizing apparatus, a plurality of hollow fiber membranes 30 containing activated carbon are disposed between the positive electrode 10 and the negative electrode 20, The intermediate electrode 40 is arranged between the positive electrode 10 and the negative electrode 20 at regular intervals between the first electrode 30 and the second electrode 30 so that the structure can be simplified and the inside of the electrode can be easily cleaned I know.

Next, a method of adsorbing ions present in the influent solution according to another embodiment of the present invention will be described. However, the ion adsorption method using the above-described condensate desalination apparatus will be described, and redundant description will be omitted with respect to the storage desalination apparatus.

A method of adsorbing ions present in an influent solution according to another embodiment of the present invention includes: applying a voltage to a charge desalination apparatus; Supplying an influent solution; And adsorbing the ions present in the inflow solution into the cylindrical hollow fiber membrane.

Specifically, when a voltage is applied within a potential range in which electrolysis of water does not occur, a certain amount of charge is charged to the electrode. When a charged solution containing ions (saline water) is passed through a charged electrode, ions having opposite charges to that of the charged electrode are transferred to the conductive material (activated carbon) inside the cylindrical hollow membrane disposed between the electrodes by electrostatic force And the inflow solution passing through the electrode becomes fresh water from which ions have been removed. If the ions are sufficiently adsorbed and saturated in the hollow fiber membrane, the ions can not be adsorbed, and the desorption process is performed. The desorption process is the opposite of the adsorption process in which the ions move into the hollow fiber membrane while the incoming solution flows out of the hollow fiber membrane. The power applied to the electrode is cut off and water or air is injected into the hollow fiber membrane, So that it is desorbed outside the hollow fiber membrane. In addition, the desorption process may be performed by removing the conductive material (activated carbon) itself from which the ions are adsorbed, and then removing the ions from a separate apparatus. The ion-desorbed conductive material may again be used for a capacitive desalination electrode.

In addition, a method of adsorbing ions present in the inflow solution may be performed by a plurality of sets of the storage and desalination apparatuses. At this time, each of the electrothermal desalination apparatuses 100 constituting the set can perform the adsorption and desorption processes alternately according to different operating schedules.

The present invention is characterized in that a cylindrical hollow membrane instead of a plate type ion exchange membrane is disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode to simplify the structure of the electrolytic desalination device and to easily adsorb and desorb ions in the inflow solution I have. Unlike the conventional plate type, ions can be adsorbed into the hollow fiber membrane by supplying an inflow solution between the hollow fiber membranes containing a conductive material, and the adsorbed ions remove the conductive material inside the hollow fiber membrane, Or adsorbed ions may be desorbed from the hollow fiber membrane by injecting air or water into the hollow fiber membrane.

It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and various changes and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

100: Capacitive desalination device 10: Positive electrode
20: negative electrode 30: hollow fiber membrane
31: conductive material 40: intermediate electrode

Claims (14)

A pair of electrodes composed of a positive electrode and a negative electrode; And
And a columnar hollow fiber membrane disposed between the electrodes. The method according to claim 1,
Characterized in that the hollow fiber membrane is made of an ion exchange resin. The method according to claim 1,
And the diameter of the hollow fiber membrane is 0.5 to 1.5 mm. The method according to claim 1,
Characterized in that the hollow fiber membrane comprises a conductive material therein. 5. The method of claim 4,
Characterized in that the conductive material is activated carbon. 5. The method of claim 4,
Characterized in that the diameter of the conductive material is from 10 to 200 mu m. The method according to claim 1,
And an intermediate electrode disposed between the electrodes. 8. The method of claim 7,
There are a number of hollow fiber membranes,
Characterized in that the intermediate electrode is arranged parallel to the pair of electrodes between the hollow fiber membranes. Applying a voltage to the electrothermal desalination apparatus;
Supplying an influent solution; And
Wherein the ions present in the inflow solution are adsorbed into the cylindrical hollow fiber membrane. 10. The method of claim 9,
Wherein the hollow fiber membrane is made of an ion exchange resin. 10. The method of claim 9,
Wherein the hollow fiber membrane has a diameter of 0.5 to 1.5 mm. 10. The method of claim 9,
Wherein the hollow fiber membrane comprises a conductive material therein. ≪ RTI ID = 0.0 > 11. < / RTI > 13. The method of claim 12,
Characterized in that the conductive material is activated carbon. 13. The method of claim 12,
Characterized in that the diameter of the conductive material is from 10 to 200 占 퐉.

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