KR20170135770A - Power supply apparatus of mobile car having charge-discharge device of secondary batteries and the booster used to the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is to provide a power supply of an electric vehicle having a device for switching a charging and discharging mode of a secondary battery which allows the switching of a power supply supplied to the load to be instantaneously and continuously performed by simultaneously performing the turn-off at one side thereof and the turn-on at the other side thereof, allows power to be maximally and efficiently supplied by maximally using a condition between each power supply, and boosts voltage to be charged to supply the same to the load. The power supply of an electric vehicle of the present invention comprises: a power generating unit connected to one axle of an electric vehicle to generate power at a low voltage so as to charge a low voltage battery; a booster for boosting the low voltage of the power generating unit to a high voltage; and a load driving unit for storing the high voltage boosted by the booster, and driving the other axle of the electric vehicle. The power generating unit includes: a low voltage charging and discharging battery for storing electricity obtained by a generator; and a first charging and discharging mode switching device for controlling any one side of the low voltage charging and discharging battery to be charged by a charging mode, and controlling electricity charged at the other side thereof to be transmitted to the booster by a discharging mode. The load driving unit includes: a high voltage charging and discharging battery stored at the high voltage boosted by the booster, or driving a motor with a stored voltage; and a second charging and discharging mode switching device for controlling the electricity boosted by the booster to charge any one side of the high voltage charging and discharging battery by the charging mode, and controlling a motor to be driven by the electricity charged at the other side thereof by the discharging mode.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention [0001] The present invention relates to a power supply device for an electric vehicle having a secondary battery charge / discharge mode switching device and a booster used therein,

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention [0001] The present invention relates to a power supply apparatus for an electric vehicle having a secondary battery charge / discharge mode switching device, and more particularly to a power supply apparatus for an electric vehicle having a primary battery, The drive unit charges the secondary side while the primary side is charged by the power generation or the input power source while the partial output of the secondary side supplies the power to drive the load while another part of the output is used to charge the other one or more secondary batteries, And a secondary battery charge / discharge mode switching device for charging a low-voltage battery with a low voltage and boosting the voltage again to a high voltage so as to charge the high-voltage battery, thereby driving the motor. To a power supply device of an electric vehicle.

Generally, a secondary battery is a rechargeable battery that can be reused after recharging when connected to a power source after use, unlike a primary battery that is not used once.

However, such a secondary battery has to be charged again after a certain period of time has elapsed after the battery is once charged by the charging capacity of the battery. During the charging of the secondary battery, discharge is impossible or remarkably lowers the charging / discharging efficiency In most cases, two or more secondary cells are provided and connected in parallel, or while one secondary cell is charged with a separate device, other secondary cells are discharged and used continuously.

Further, in the case of such a secondary battery, there is a common problem that when the battery is continuously discharged at a rated current, the actual use time is significantly shorter than the ideal use time at the manufacturer.

For example, a secondary lead-acid battery functions as a battery through a charge cycle that converts electrical energy into electrical energy and electrical energy into chemical energy.

Generally, in the secondary lead-acid secondary battery, sulfate and SO ₄ are combined with the electrode plate to generate water, thereby lowering the specific gravity of the secondary lead-acid battery. At the time of charging, the combined sulfate returns to the electrolyte solution and the specific gravity becomes larger.

In other words, it is composed of lead (Pb) and lead dioxide (PbO ₂ ) electrodes immersed in a concentrated sulfuric acid aqueous solution as a secondary lead acid battery,

_{Cathode: Pb (s) + HSO 4} - → PbSO 4 (s) + H + + 2e -

Cathode: PbO ₂ (s) + HSO ₄ ^- + 3H ⁺ + 2e ^- ? PbSO ₄ (s) + 2H ₂ O

2 chanap _{battery: Pb (s) + PbO 2} (s) + 2HSO 4 - + 2H + → 2PbSO 4 (s) + 2H 2 O

The battery reaction occurs.

The two electrode reactions produce insoluble PbSO ₄ , which is attached to both electrodes.

Since the density of the water is about 70% of the density of the sulfuric acid solution, the state of charge of the battery can be determined by measuring the density of the electrolytic solution, and the secondary lead acid battery The electrode reaction becomes a reverse reaction of the reaction.

However, during a long charge / discharge cycle, the sulphate sticking to the two electrodes during discharging (including self-discharge) may not be removed during charging, but may stick to the sulphate. .

This sulfation phenomenon becomes worse as the secondary lead-acid battery is discharged more, and as a result, the passage of chemical and electric reactions is cut off and the insulating function is performed, thereby lowering the voltage, capacity and specific gravity of the secondary lead acid battery.

As a result, there is a problem that the efficiency of the secondary lead storage battery is reduced and the time (discharge time) that can be used for one full charge of the secondary storage battery is remarkably shortened.

Indeed, in the case of a Delco battery, which is generally used for automobiles, the capacity of one lead acid battery is 12V, 100A, and the power is 1200W. When two lead acid batteries are connected in parallel, the total electric power becomes 2400W. When two batteries are connected in parallel and power is supplied to a load of 300W, theoretically 8 hours should be used, but in reality, it is not fully charged (it does not mean charging up to 2.4 kwh, It can only be used for about 1.5 hours which is far less than the discharge time.

As shown in the following Table 1, power supply is constructed by connecting two lead acid batteries of DC12V and 100A output in parallel, and a 300W inverter (Model SI-1000A) This is the result of checking the voltage of the lead accumulator battery and the voltage of the inverter in 10-minute increments when the incandescent bulb load is connected and discharged continuously.

As shown in <Table 1>, it can be seen that, in the case of continuous discharge such as when the 300 W lamp is continuously turned on in the stand, the battery output voltage rapidly decreases with time, Min), the battery output voltage drops below 10.64 V, indicating that the battery can no longer be used.

As described above, such a phenomenon occurs when the (+) electrode and (-) electrode surface are coated with lead sulfate in the process of continuously discharging without intermediate charging, the reaction rate of the battery decreases, (0.49 kWh) of the capacity (2.4 kWh).

On the other hand, the number of times the secondary battery is used for charging and discharging is limited. For example, in the case of a battery such as the lead-acid battery, the battery is limited to 300 cycles.

This is due to the decrease in the capacity that can be used through charging and discharging as the charging and discharging are repeated. For example, in the case of two Delco 12V 100A batteries, 1.5 hours of continuous use is used, resulting in a theoretical maximum capacity of 16.6% However, when the battery is charged and discharged three times, only about 15% can be used by using 1.2 hours (1 hour and 12 minutes), and when it is used six times, only about 13.9% can be used by about 1 hour and 7 minutes, The% value continues to decrease, making it meaningless when used 300 times.

In addition, in the case of the above lead acid battery, due to the damage of the device due to overload and the fear of explosion, it is stipulated that the secondary battery can not be used absolutely during charging due to the characteristics of the secondary storage battery. The battery can not be used for about 1.5 hours at normal discharge but it takes about 10 hours to charge the battery. Therefore, in case of a stand to be continuously discharged at night, several batteries must be charged beforehand, There were many inconveniences economically.

In order to solve such a problem, a technique of supplying electric power to a load while alternately discharging two or more batteries and using part of the discharged electric power as a charging voltage of another battery is disclosed in Korean Patent Publication No. 2006-111499 Lt; / RTI &gt;

That is, the first prior art provides a system and method for managing battery power usage, as shown in FIG. 1, in which a first battery 1 powers up to recharge a second battery 2 While providing power to the external load. At a designated time, the switching system and method cause the first and second batteries to change their duties. That is, at a designated time, the second battery may also begin to provide power to the external load while providing power to charge the first battery. The switching system and method cause the first battery and the second battery to change their mission without interrupting the delivery of power to an external load.

As a result, a system and method are provided for efficiently using and managing the power provided by multiple batteries, as represented in the first prior art embodiment. The exchanger switch may be set to change between two or more batteries so that a single battery is not quickly drained. When one battery starts to lose power, the exchange switch starts to draw power from the other battery. Other batteries can provide the recharge current to the weakest battery. An exchange switch can support switching between two or more batteries. Switching switch implementations in power supply systems increase the service life of batteries as a result of efficient use of battery power.

However, in the case of the first prior art described above, there is a theoretically possible but fatal problem, and it is not actually used as a product because, for example, upon switching from the second battery to the first battery, (+) Terminal of the battery instantly contacts the (-) terminal of the first battery, so that a strong surge current and spark are generated here, which causes a battery explosion, Is a fatal problem that can not be avoided in a situation where a strong current is interrupted.

In order to solve the problems of the first prior art described above, the inventor of the present invention has made the same inventions as those of Japanese Patent Nos. 1297148 to 1297150. This is because, by using two or more secondary batteries, The output of which is used to supply power to the load while the remaining output is used to charge the other secondary battery so that the secondary battery can be safely used alternately and safely.

In other words, when two or more secondary batteries are provided, one of the secondary batteries is used to supply power to the load, while the remaining output is used to charge the other secondary battery, It is possible to provide a power supply unit using a secondary battery that can safely store and supplement energy without overload, device breakage, or explosion.

This will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 2 to 6 of the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 3 is a front perspective view of the relay of FIG. 2, FIG. 3b is a rear perspective view of the relay of FIG. 2, and FIG. 4 is a front perspective view of the relay of FIG. FIG. 5 is a flow chart showing the control operation of the control unit of FIG. 4, and FIG. 6 is a photograph of the battery 1 of the power source device according to the second prior art when the battery 1 is in a discharged state, It is a photograph of the actual action in the state.

2, the power supply device according to the second prior art includes a first battery 1 and a second battery 2 as secondary cells, a DC voltage of a battery in a discharge mode, A charger 40 for rectifying the output AC or commercial AC power of the inverter 30 by DC to charge the battery in the charging mode and a control unit 20 for controlling them, And a relay unit 10 for connecting the battery to the inverter or the charger according to the control operation of the control unit 20 for designating the first battery 1 and the second battery 2 as the discharge mode or the charge mode, respectively.

In some cases, a commercial AC power source for directly charging the battery may be connected to the fourth switch SW4, or may further include an external power source such as an external solar cell 60 for directly charging the battery.

It is preferable that the first battery 1 and the second battery 2 as a pair of the secondary batteries form a pair, but the number is not necessarily limited to two, but may be three or more. Each of the first battery 1 and the second battery 2 as a secondary battery performs a function of a battery through a discharge cycle that converts chemical energy into electrical energy and a charging cycle that converts electrical energy into chemical energy, 20, the other secondary battery is charged while one secondary battery is being discharged.

The solar cell 60 converts the photons to electrical energy using the properties of the semiconductor and supplies the DC voltage to the battery by the switching operation of the control unit 20 so that the first battery 1 and the second battery So that it can be used as a supplement to the charging of the battery pack 2 or the power supply of the load 50. [ At this time, the auxiliary power source is not limited to the solar cell, and other auxiliary power sources such as a wind power generator and a light hydro power generator can be used.

The controller 20 senses the magnitude of the DC voltage output from one of the two or more first batteries 1 and the second batteries 2 and switches to another one if the voltage is below the reference voltage, The DC voltage can be output from one secondary battery. At this time, the magnitude of the DC voltage output from the other secondary battery is sensed, and when the secondary voltage is below the reference voltage, the secondary battery is converted into one secondary battery, And automatically controls it.

The control unit 20 controls the inverter 30 so that most of the AC power output to the inverter 30 can be used as the power source of the load 50. The remaining AC power is supplied to the first battery 1, And the charger 40 so as to be used for charging the second battery 2.

The controller 20 controls the charger 40 so that the AC power supplied to the charger 40 can be output to another secondary battery for charging when one secondary battery being discharged is used as the load power. .

Also, the controller 20 controls the charger 40 to output the commercial AC power to the first battery 1 and the second battery 2 so that they can be charged together. The configuration and operation of the control unit 20 will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5. FIG.

The most significant feature of the second prior art is that the (+) terminals of the DC terminals are fixedly connected to each other, except for the various switches, and the control is performed by switching the (-) terminal. This is in contrast to the usual way of controlling the operation by using the negative (-) pole as the ground and switching the (+) pole connection because the surge current and spark This is to protect the battery from the risk of explosion by minimizing the occurrence.

That is, the (+) terminals of the control unit 20 as well as the first battery 1 and the second battery 2, the inverter 30, and the charger 40 are fixedly connected to each other.

The negative terminals of the first battery 1 and the second battery 2 are respectively connected to the first battery connection terminal 15 and the second battery connection terminal 16 of the relay unit 10 Which is again connected to the movable contact 110 of the first relay 11 and the movable contact 120 of the second relay 12 and the first battery connection terminal B1 of the control unit 20 and the second battery connection (-) terminal of the terminal B2. The first battery connection terminal 15 and the second battery connection terminal 16 of the relay unit 10 and the first battery connection terminal B1 and the second battery connection terminal B2 of the control unit 20, It is preferable that power is supplied to the control unit only when the power switch is turned on so that the control unit can operate.

Hereinafter, the operation of the relay unit 10 will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 2 to FIG. 3B. The relay unit 10 includes a first relay 11 and a second relay 12 on a base 10a and each relay is provided on each of the plates 110b and 120b as a base, Supporting bases 110c and 120c of nonconductive material are fixed to the front surface of the plate, for example, in the vertical direction.

The charger connection plate 13 and the inverter connection plate 14 are horizontally fixed across the support plate of each relay. The charger connection plate 13 and the inverter connection plate 14 are electrically separated from each other, On the other hand, the charger connection plate 13 is electrically connected to the first fixed terminal 111 of the first relay 11 and the first fixed terminal 121 of the second relay 12, The second fixed terminal 112 of the first relay 11 and the second fixed terminal 122 of the second relay 12 are electrically connected to each other.

='LOW')에는, 상기 제1 플레이트(110b) 상의 가동단자 지지판(115)에 지지되어 있는 상기 제1 릴레이의 가동단자(110)는, 솔레노이드(114)의 동작에 의해 제2 고정단자(112) 및 인버터 연결판(14)에 접속되고, 따라서 제1 배터리(1)를 인버터(30)에 연결하여 줌으로써 상기 제1 배터리가 방전모드로 동작하도록 한다 (도 2의 실선 표시 부분 참조).Therefore, when the first switch SW1 is in the ON state (

The movable terminal 110 of the first relay supported by the movable terminal support plate 115 on the first plate 110b is electrically connected to the second fixed terminal 112 by the operation of the solenoid 114. [ 112 and the inverter connection plate 14 so that the first battery 1 is connected to the inverter 30 so that the first battery operates in the discharge mode (see a solid line in FIG. 2).

='HIGH'), 상기 제2 플레이트(120b) 상의 가동단자 지지판(125)에 지지되어 있는 상기 제2 릴레이의 가동단자(120)는, 탄지 스프링(126)에 의해 탄지되므로 제1 고정단자(122) 및 충전기 연결판(13)에 접속되고, 따라서 제2 배터리(2)를 충전기(40)에 연결하여 줌으로써 상기 제2 배터리가 충전모드로 동작하도록 한다 (도 2의 실선 표시 부분 참조).At this time, the second switch SW2 must be in the OFF state (

= 'HIGH'), the movable terminal 120 of the second relay, which is supported by the movable terminal support plate 125 on the second plate 120b, is resiliently biased by the biasing spring 126, 122 and the charger connection plate 13 so that the second battery 2 is connected to the charger 40 so that the second battery operates in the charging mode.

Thus, the inverter 30 inverts the DC power output from the first battery to AC by the internal circuit, and outputs the AC power to the first output receptacle 30a and the second output receptacle 30b. Thus, the user can connect a plug (SW3) of a load (for example, a 300W bulb) to the first outlet to illuminate the bulb.

Further, when the plug SW4 of the charger 40 is connected to the second output receptacle 30b of the inverter 30, a part (preferably 15 to 35%) of the AC output of the inverter is output to the charger The battery charger converts the DC power into a DC by way of rectifying it, and sends it to the second battery 2 in the current charging mode to charge the second battery 2.

In this case, the negative terminal of the charger is connected through the charger connection plate 13, the first fixed terminal 121 of the second relay and the movable terminal 120 of the second relay, (-) terminal of the second battery through the terminal 16, the second battery can be operated in the charging mode.

Meanwhile, the fourth switch SW4, which is a plug of the charger, may be connected to the second receptacle 30b of the inverter, but may be connected to an outlet of a not-shown AC commercial power source (120 V, 60 Hz) It may be connected to a supplementary AC power source such as a small-sized oil generator or a small-scale power generator as a generator.

,

)에 의해 스위칭이 이루어지는바, 역시 각 제어신호 출력단(HD1, HD2)의 (+)단자는 +12V에 고정접속되고, 각 제어신호 출력단의 (-)단자를 통해 출력되는 상기 제어신호에 의해 동작하는 제1 및 제2 솔레노이드(114, 124)에 의하여 가동접점의 절환이 이루어진다. The first and second switches SW1 and SW2 of the relay unit are connected to the first and second control signal output terminals HD1 and HD2 of the control unit 20 so that the first and second control signals

,

(+) Terminal of each of the control signal output terminals HD1 and HD2 is fixedly connected to +12 V, and the control signal output terminals HD1 and HD2 are operated by the control signal outputted through the (-) terminal of each control signal output terminal The first and second solenoids 114 and 124 switch the movable contact.

)가 'LOW'이고 제2 제어신호(

)가 'HIGH'이어서, 제1 솔레노이드(114)가 '온'이고 제2 솔레노이드(124)가 '오프'이면 (도 2의 실선 표시 부분), 제1 배터리(1)의 (-)단자가 '제1 배터리 연결판(15)-제1 릴레이 가동단자(110)-제1 릴레이 제2 고정단자(112)-인버터 연결판(14)-인버터(30)'를 통해 부하(50)에 연결되며 (인버터와 충전기는 유도결합으로 결합되나 전기적으로는 단절됨), 제2 배터리(2)의 (-)단자는 '제2 배터리 연결판(16)-제2 릴레이 가동단자(120)-제2 릴레이 제1 고정단자(121)-충전기 연결판(13)'을 통해 충전기(40)에 연결되며, 제1 배터리는 방전모드로 그리고 제2 배터리는 충전모드에 있게 된다. 참고로 도 2에서 화살표는 전류의 방향이 아니고, 에너지의 전달방향을 나타내는 것이다.That is,

) Is 'LOW' and the second control signal (

) Of the first battery 1 is 'HIGH' and the first solenoid 114 is 'ON' and the second solenoid 124 is 'OFF' (the solid line portion in FIG. 2) The connection is made to the load 50 via the first battery connecting plate 15, the first relay moving terminal 110, the first relay second fixed terminal 112, the inverter connecting plate 14, and the inverter 30 ' (-) terminal of the second battery 2 is connected to the second battery connection plate 16, the second relay operation terminal 120, the second battery connection plate 16, Is connected to the charger 40 through the relay first fixed terminal 121 and the charger connection plate 13, and the first battery is in the discharge mode and the second battery is in the charge mode. For reference, arrows in FIG. 2 indicate the direction of energy transfer, not the direction of current.

)가 'HIGH'이고 제2 제어신호(

)가 'LOW'이어서, 제1 솔레노이드(114)가 '오프'이고 제2 솔레노이드(124)가 '온'이면 (도 2의 점선 표시 부분), 제1 배터리(1)의 (-)단자가 '제1 배터리 연결판(15)-제1 릴레이 가동단자(110)-제1 릴레이 제1 고정단자(111)-충전기 연결판(13)'을 통해 충전기(40)에 연결되며, 제2 배터리(2)의 (-)단자는 '제2 배터리 연결판(16)-제2 릴레이 가동단자(120)-제2 릴레이 제2 고정단자(122)-인버터 연결판(14)-인버터(30)'를 통해 부하(50)에 연결되며, 제1 배터리는 충전모드로 그리고 제2 배터리는 방전모드에 있게 된다.Conversely,

Is 'HIGH' and the second control signal (

) Of the first battery 1 is 'LOW' and the first solenoid 114 is 'off' and the second solenoid 124 is 'on' (dotted line portion in FIG. 2) Is connected to the charger 40 through the first battery connecting plate 15, the first relay moving terminal 110, the first relay first fixed terminal 111, and the charger connecting plate 13, (-) terminal of the inverter 2 is connected to the second battery connection plate 16, the second relay operation terminal 120, the second relay second fixed terminal 122, the inverter connection plate 14, To the load 50, the first battery being in a charging mode and the second battery being in a discharging mode.

Reference numerals 113 and 123 denote electric wires for connecting the first and second battery connection terminals 15 and 16 and the movable terminals 110 and 120 of the respective relays. And each of the terminals is connected by two electric wires, and each of the battery connection terminals 15 and 16 is connected to the movable terminal of the corresponding relay by a total of four electric wires. Reference numerals 110a and 120a denote fixed portions of the movable contacts 110 and 120 of the respective relays. Reference numeral 127 denotes a control signal terminal of the second relay.

Now, referring to Figs. 4 and 5, the configuration and operation of the control unit 20 of the second conventional technique will be described.

4, the control unit 20 includes a battery power input unit 210 to which power of the first and second batteries is input, a voltage (+12 V or +12 V) of the battery input from the battery power input unit 210, A constant voltage circuit unit 220 for converting a voltage of the first battery voltage input unit 210 to a constant voltage circuit unit 220 for converting the first and second battery voltages to generate a constant voltage of +5 V and +12 V, 260, and a second battery voltage display unit 270, a relay control signal output unit 250 for outputting a control signal for controlling operation of the relay unit, and a relay control unit 250 for detecting the magnitude of voltage of the first and second batteries, And a control IC 240 for outputting a relay control signal through the signal output unit 250. [

In addition, the control unit may further include an option setting unit 290 to arbitrarily change a reference value for switching the charge / discharge mode of the first and second batteries.

Reference numeral 230 denotes a reset section of the control IC, and reference numeral 280 denotes a spare terminal section which can be used as an additional input / output terminal.

First, the battery voltage input unit 210 detects the DC voltage V _B1 of the first battery 1 through the voltage dividing resistors R37 and R33 and inputs it through the V _BA terminal of the control IC Q1, The DC voltage V _B2 of the second battery 2 is detected through the voltage dividing resistors R41 and R34 and input through the V _BB terminal of the control IC Q1. For reference, C14 and C13 are capacitors for noise filtering.

The voltages of the first and second batteries input from the battery power input unit 210 are mixed by the diodes D11 and D12 and input to the DC-DC converter 221 of the constant voltage circuit unit 220, -DC converter 221 outputs a constant voltage for relay driving (+12 V) and a constant voltage for this control circuit (+9 V). Further, the constant-voltage (+9 V) for the control circuit output from the DC-DC converter 221 is regulated to the positive voltage of +5 V again in the constant-voltage IC (Q5).

The control IC Q1 of the processing unit 240 determines the magnitude of the instantaneous voltage of the first battery through the LEDs L1 to L23 of the first battery voltage display unit 260 and the magnitude of the instantaneous voltage of the second battery Through the LEDs (L6 to L25) of the second battery voltage display unit (270). For example, the control IC U1 may be a PIC16F877A.

In addition, the on / off of the relay unit 10 is controlled through the relay control signal output unit 250 by comparing the magnitudes of the instantaneous voltages of the first and second batteries.

)가 'LOW'가 되므로, 제1 릴레이 제어신호 출력단(HD1)의 상위 전원단자를 통해 제1 릴레이(11)의 솔레노이드(도 2의 SW1)(도 3b의 114)로 출력된 +12V 전압이 상기 출력단(HD1)의 하위 전원단자를 통해 통전되므로, 결국 제1 솔레노이드(114)가 동작하여, 상기 제1 릴레이의 가동단자(110)를 제2 고정단자(112) 측으로 접속되게 함으로써, 결국 제1 배터리의 (-)단자가 인버터 연결판(13)을 통해 인버터(30)의 (-)단자에 접속되도록 함으로써, 결국 제1 배터리(1)가 방전모드로 동작하게 된다. 이 경우, 제1 릴레이 동작 표시용 다이오드(L3) 역시 통전되므로, 제1 릴레이가 동작하는 상태를 보이게 된다 (도 6 좌측 LED 참조).For example, when the high-level signal is output through the terminal S1 for outputting the control signal of the first relay, the switching transistor Q2 is turned on, and thus the output of the first relay control signal output terminal HD1 The control terminal signal (

The voltage of +12 V output to the solenoid (SW1 in FIG. 2) (114 in FIG. 3B) of the first relay 11 is supplied to the first relay control signal output terminal HD1 through the upper power supply terminal of the first relay control signal output terminal HD1 The first solenoid 114 operates so that the movable terminal 110 of the first relay is connected to the second fixed terminal 112 side, The negative terminal of the first battery 1 is connected to the negative terminal of the inverter 30 through the inverter connection plate 13 so that the first battery 1 is eventually operated in the discharge mode. In this case, since the first relay operation indicating diode L3 is also energized, the first relay is in operation (see the left LED in Fig. 6).

)가 'HIGH'가 되므로, 제2 릴레이 제어신호 출력단(HD2)의 상위 전원단자를 통해 제2 릴레이(12)의 솔레노이드(도 2의 SW2)(도 3b의 124)로 출력된 +12V 전압이 상기 출력단(HD2)의 하위 전원단자를 통해 통전되지 않게 되므로, 결국 제2 솔레노이드(124)가 동작하지 않게 되어, 상기 제2 릴레이의 가동단자(120)를 제1 고정단자(121) 측으로 접속되게 함으로서, 결국 제2 배터리의 (-)단자가 충전기 연결판(13)을 통해 충전기(40)의 (-)단자에 접속되도록 함으로써, 결국 제2 배터리(2)가 충전모드로 동작하게 된다. 이 경우, 제2 릴레이 동작 표시용 다이오드(L5) 역시 통전되지 않게 되므로, 제2 릴레이가 동작하지 않는 상태를 보이게 된다 (도 6 우측 LED 참조).On the contrary, when the 'low' signal is output through the terminal S2 that outputs the control signal of the second relay, the switching transistor Q3 is turned off, and thus the output of the second relay control signal output terminal HD2 The control terminal signal (

The voltage of +12 V outputted to the solenoid (SW2 in FIG. 2) (124 in FIG. 3B) of the second relay 12 is applied to the second relay 12 through the upper power supply terminal of the second relay control signal output terminal HD2 The second solenoid 124 does not operate so that the movable terminal 120 of the second relay is connected to the first fixed terminal 121 side The negative terminal of the second battery is connected to the negative terminal of the charger 40 through the charger connection plate 13 so that the second battery 2 operates in the charging mode. In this case, since the second relay operation indicating diode L5 is also not energized, the second relay is in a non-operating state (see the right LED of Fig. 6).

Thereafter, the first battery voltage continues to decrease, and the first battery is in the middle of charging. In FIG. 6, the charging state of the second battery is 80%.

When the voltage of the first battery is further decreased or the current is decreased or the charge / discharge is required to be switched after a predetermined time has elapsed, the control unit 20 reverses the relay control signal, The second relay is in the discharge mode, and the first relay is in the charge mode.

Next, the basic control operation of the control IC will be described with reference to FIG. 5. First, the instantaneous voltages of the first battery and the second battery are measured and output through the voltage display units 260 and 270 (S1, S2 If the instantaneous voltage V _B1 of the first battery is greater than the instantaneous voltage V _B2 of the second battery by comparing the instantaneous voltages V _B1 and V _B2 of the both batteries, 1 relay is turned on to put the first battery into the discharge mode, and the second relay is turned off to put the second battery into the charge mode (S4) (see Fig. 6).

Then, it is determined whether or not the voltage drop of the first battery 1 in the discharge mode has fallen more than a reference value (for example, 0.2 V) (S5). Otherwise, the first and second battery voltages are measured and displayed, And the charging voltage of the second battery in the second battery are measured and displayed, and the steps S4 to S6 are repeated.

On the other hand, if it is determined in step S5 that the voltage drop of the first battery 1 in the discharge mode has fallen below a reference value (for example, 0.2 V), the first relay and the second relay are reversely switched The battery is switched to the charge mode and the second battery is switched to the discharge mode (S7), and the process returns to the beginning to repeat the abnormality (S8).

Conversely, if it is determined in step S3 that the instantaneous voltage V _B1 of the first battery is lower than the instantaneous voltage V _B2 of the second battery, the second relay is turned on to turn the second battery into the discharge mode , The first relay is turned off to set the first battery to the charge mode (S14).

Then, it is determined whether or not the voltage drop of the second battery 2 in the discharge mode has fallen more than a reference value (for example, 0.2 V) (S15). Otherwise, the first and second battery voltages are measured and displayed, Mode and the charging voltage of the first battery in the mode are measured and displayed, and the steps S14 to S16 are repeated.

On the other hand, if it is determined in step S15 that the voltage drop of the second battery 2 in the discharge mode has fallen more than the reference value (for example, 0.2 V), the first relay and the second relay are reversely switched, The battery is switched to the charge mode and the first battery is switched back to the discharge mode (S7), and the process returns to the beginning to repeat the abnormality (S8).

The above description has been made on the case where the switching reference of the operation modes of the first and second batteries is set only to the voltage drop of the battery (0.2 V) through the operation of the DIP switch DIP1 of FIG. 4, It is also possible to set the battery current or the charging / discharging switching time in addition to the battery voltage so that it can be set differently in advance through the operation of the DIP switch DIP1 in Fig.

The option setting unit 290 shown in FIG. 4 includes a pull-up array resistor RA2 and a DIP switch DIP1 connected to the terminal of the control IC, and can be set through the DIP switch DIP1. For example, if only one switch of the DIP switch is set up, it is set to switch the charge / inversion mode when the voltage drop of the discharge mode battery is 0.1 V. If only the switch 1 of the DIP switch is raised, Mode switch is set up. When all the switches 1 and 2 of the DIP switch are raised, the discharge mode battery is set to switch the charge / inversion mode when the voltage drop of the battery is 0.3V. If only the switch 3 of the DIP switch is raised, Is set to switch the charge / inversion mode when the voltage drop of 0.4V is applied. When the switches 1 to 3 of the DIP switch are all raised, the discharge mode battery can be set to switch the charge / inversion mode when the voltage drop is 0.7V. In addition, when the switch 4 of the DIP switch is raised, the voltage of the discharge mode battery can be set to switch the charge / inversion mode when the current drop is 5A from 100A. Alternatively, if the DIP switch 5 is turned on, the discharge mode of the discharge mode battery is set to switch the charge / discharge mode when the discharge time of the battery is 2.5 minutes. If the DIP switch 6 is raised, When DIP switch 7 is turned on, discharge mode is set to switch the charge / discharge mode when the discharge time of battery is 10 minutes. When the switch is turned on, when the discharge time of the discharge mode battery is 20 minutes, it can be set to perform the charge / discharge reversal mode change.

Alternatively, these voltages, currents, and elapsed times may be programmed to determine the charge-reversal mode switching.

Finally, if the voltage of the battery under discharge is less than 10.7 V, it is necessary to stop all operations. Even if the voltage is less than 10.5 V, the battery may not be able to be recharged due to overdischarge Because. In this case, a step of determining whether the voltage (V _B1 ) of the first battery is less than 10.7 V should be added immediately before the step S4 in the flowchart of FIG. 5, and the voltage (V _B1 ) The program proceeds to step S4. If the voltage V _B1 of the first battery is less than 10.7 V, the program goes to the step of stopping the charging / discharging program entirely. Also, immediately before the step S14, (V _B2) of the voltage to be added to the step of determining whether or less than 10.7V, second, when the voltage (V _B2) of the battery is more than 10.7V, and the operation proceeds to step S14 if the second battery (V _B2) If it is less than 10.7V, go to the step of stopping charge / discharge program completely.

In addition, it is determined whether or not the voltage drop of the battery in the discharge mode is equal to or greater than the reference value (here, 0.2 V), the current drop of the battery in the discharge mode is equal to or greater than the reference value Whether or not any one of the conditions that the continuous discharge elapsed time is equal to or greater than a reference value (for example, five minutes) is satisfied, or whether two or more conditions are satisfied, or whether all three conditions are satisfied It is possible to change the flow chart as it is.

Now, the operation and effect of the second prior art will be described in detail below.

As noted, a secondary battery is a reversible electrochemical battery. For example, in the case of a lead-acid battery, lead peroxide is used as an anode, lead is used as a cathode, and dilute sulfuric acid is used as an electrolyte.

During the discharge of the secondary battery, a chemical reaction occurs between the electrode material and the electrolyte. In the negative electrode, pure lead atoms (Pb) react with the sulfate ions (SO ₄ ² ) of the electrolyte and sulfuric acid (H ₂ SO ₄ ) (H ⁺ ) with a negatively charged sulfate ion and a negatively charged hydrogen ion (H ⁺ ). The lead atom bonds with the sulfate ion to lose two electrons and become lead sulfate (PbSO ₄ ).

As the secondary battery is used (discharged), sulfuric acid is consumed and water is generated, so that the sulfuric acid gradually becomes thinner, and the battery is charged by the charger.

When the reaction occurs in the opposite direction to the discharging process, the electrode material is changed to the original state, and the amount of sulfuric acid is increased again, so that the charged secondary cell is used again to supply power .

That is, when the discharge progresses, the (-) and (+) poles are changed to lead sulfate, and the reaction rate is decreased. As a by-product, water is generated to lower the concentration of the electrolyte. .

The second conventional technique can reduce the risk of device breakage or explosion that may occur in the course of repeating charging and discharging using two or more secondary batteries.

For example, when both batteries are at 12.7 V, the first battery is discharged to supply power to the load. When the battery is at 12.5 V, the mode is switched. When the second battery is discharged and the first battery is charged For example, when the voltage of the second battery is 12.5 V, the first battery is recharged to 12.6 V, so that all of them will be less than 10.7 V at a later time to completely prohibit the discharge. However, But it is safe to switch.

On the other hand, in the case of a rated voltage 12V lead acid battery, the battery voltage of about 14.5 to 13.5V is observed at the time of full charge, and the voltage is continuously lowered due to the discharge. When the battery voltage drops below 12V, (It is common to have a clipping phenomenon in which the performance of all the batteries does not decrease proportionally but suddenly deteriorates at some point) although the performance of each battery is slightly different. This is because the sulphate material from the discharge adheres to the electrodes between the cells, thereby greatly degrading the performance of the battery.

Particularly, it is observed that the discharge is possible even at 9.5 V, but it is preferable to stop the discharge at 10.7 V or less as described above in order to facilitate recharging.

Further, in order to charge the battery after the full discharge, the battery must be charged for 10 hours or more in the case of the Delco battery. However, according to the second prior art, the second battery is discharged to the external power source So that there is an additional advantage that the discharge time is not limited when the external auxiliary power source is used as described above.

However, the power source device in the second prior art has in fact omitted one important factor.

The fourth switch SW4 which is a plug of the charger may be connected to the second receptacle 30b of the inverter but may be connected to an outlet of an unshown AC commercial power source 120V or 60Hz, It may be connected to a supplementary AC power source such as a small-sized oil generator or a small-scale power generator.

More preferably, when the two first and second batteries connected to the inverter are almost in a discharged state, the load is activated by the AC commercial power supply, and the first and second batteries are charged by the charger Further, when the alternating current commercial power source is in the blackout state, the load must be operated by the auxiliary alternating current power source such as the small oil generator or the small hydroelectric generator so that the first and second batteries are charged.

However, the switching of the power source is required to be instantly switched to the uninterrupted state because the one-side turn-off and the other-side turn-on are simultaneously performed. However, the second conventional technique for such instantaneous switching does not provide a unique device, but a conventional conventional switching device has been described on the assumption.

In addition, a conventional stand-alone solar power generation system is a system in which a battery connected to a solar cell is charged in the daytime and a load in which power consumption is lower than that in comparatively illuminated at night is driven. However, Due to the problems mentioned in the first prior art, the battery can not be operated for several hours and the battery is consumed. Even if the power generation capacity of the solar cell and the storage capacity of the battery are increased, If the discharge is repeated, the battery is piled up and can not be fully charged at a later time. Also, the battery can not be lit for several hours and the battery is consumed. Therefore, there is a problem in that the battery is not connected to a commercial AC power source, The system eventually failed most of the time.

In order to solve the problems of the first and second related arts and the related art solar power generation system, the inventor of the present invention has proposed a power supply apparatus having a secondary battery and another power supply outside the power supply apparatus The switching of the power supplied to the load in the power management system having the power supply is switched from one side to the other and the other side is turned on at the same time so that the switching can be performed in an instant without any interruption. And a power supply device using a secondary battery. The present invention has been accomplished on the basis of these findings.

According to the third prior art, two or more secondary cells are provided, and one of the secondary cells is used to supply power to the most of the output, while the remaining output is safely used for charging the other one of the secondary cells. An LED solar streetlight system having a charge / discharge mode switching device and a power source device using a secondary battery that can be utilized can be provided.

This will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 7A to 9 as follows.

FIG. 7A is a circuit diagram of the power management system using the charge / discharge mode switching circuit according to the third prior art, and FIG. 7B is a configuration diagram of the power management system using the charge / discharge mode switching circuit according to the third prior art. 8A is a control section of the charge / discharge mode switching circuit, FIG. 8B is an input section of the charge / discharge mode switching circuit, and FIG. 8C is a circuit diagram of the charge / discharge mode switching circuit of FIG. FIG. 8D is a second output section of the charge / discharge mode switching circuit, and FIG. 9 is an operation flowchart of the control section (CPU) of FIG.

First, a total power management system using a charge / discharge mode switching circuit of a power supply device using a secondary battery used in an LED solar streetlight system having a charge / discharge mode switching device of the third prior art and a power supply device using a secondary battery 7a.

The power supply apparatus 100 using the secondary battery according to the third prior art is almost the same as the power supply apparatus (see FIG. 2) in the invention of Japanese Patent No. 1297148 described in the second prior art.

2, the alternating-current power of the inverter is directly supplied from the inverter 30 to the load 50 via the third switch SW3, And the AC power of the inverter is directly applied from the inverter 30 to the charger 40 through the fourth switch SW4 to be converted into DC after being applied to the charger, and then the rechargeable battery is charged.

However, in the case of the power supply apparatus 100 using the secondary battery of the third prior art, as shown in FIG. 7A, the inverter 30 does not directly go to the load 50 and the charger 40, Wherein the switching device has an input of a temporary generator 500, such as a commercial AC power source 400 and a oil generator, in addition to the input of the inverter 30, and one of these at least three inputs To the load and the charger. When these power sources are switched, they are automatically switched without power failure according to predetermined priority and conditions.

More specifically, the output terminal 30a of the inverter 30 of the power supply apparatus 100 using the secondary battery is connected to the input terminal INV_IN of the switching device 300 (see Figs. 7A and 8B) INV1 'and INV2 (see FIG. 8B).

Similarly, both terminals of the commercial AC power supply 400 are connected to both input terminals 'AC1' and 'AC2' (see FIG. 8B) of the AC input AC_IN of the switching device 300, Both terminals are connected to the positive input terminals 'GEN1' and 'GEN2' (see FIG. 8B) of the generator input GEN_IN of the switching device 300.

The load output terminals L1 and L2 (see FIGS. 7A and 8B) of the switching device 300 are connected to the load terminal 50a, and the second output terminal PL1 connected in parallel to the load output terminals L1 and L2 And the other output terminal PL2 may be connected to the input terminal 40a of the charger 40. In this case,

The external DC power source (for example, the terminal 60a of the solar cell 60) can be connected to the rechargeable battery of the power supply apparatus 100 via the switch, in addition to the above external AC power supply.

7B, there is also another 12V line, which indicates that the output voltage of the battery in the discharge mode is higher than the DC-DC voltage of the control unit 20, Is converted to about 12 V through the converter 221 (see FIG. 4) and is input to the switching device 300 of the third prior art, because the voltage of the battery is about 12 V (more precisely, 10.7 V to 12.3V). Otherwise, when these voltages are changed, the voltage of this battery is sensed at the terminals '12V +' and '12V-' terminals (FIG. 8b) To detect the state.

Reference numeral 61 denotes a regulating device for regulating the power supply of the solar cell 60 to match the power supply of the third prior art.

Now, referring to Figs. 8A to 9, the charge / discharge mode switching circuit and method of the switching device used in the LED solar streetlight system having the charge / discharge mode switching device of the third prior art and the power source device using the secondary battery Will be described.

As shown in FIGS. 8A to 8D, the charging / discharging mode switching circuit of the power supply apparatus using the secondary battery used in the power management system includes an input unit 310 (FIG. 8B), an output unit 320 8d and a control unit 330 (FIG. 8A) for controlling them.

R2b-R28, R35, and C21) are rectified and rectified (BR2, R26, R28, R35, and C21) through the input terminals INV1 and INV2 of the inverter, Q2 to the 'RB5' input terminal of the CPU U1 of the control unit 330, so that the CPU continuously monitors whether or not the inverter is powered through the input unit and the input terminal 'RB5' . For example, the CPU may be a 16F628 PIC microcomputer.

R2, R24-R25, R34, C20) through the first photocoupler (Q1), and outputs the AC current to the control device To the 'RB4' input terminal of the CPU U1 of the commercial power supply, so that the CPU continuously monitors whether or not the commercial AC power is supplied through the input unit and the input terminal 'RB4'.

(BR3, R29-R31, R36, and C22), which is inputted through the input terminals GEN1 and GEN2 of the generator (generator), is rectified and smoothed through the third photocoupler Q3 RB6 'input terminal of the CPU U1 of the control apparatus, so that the CPU continuously monitors whether or not the electric power of the generator is applied through the input unit and the input terminal' RB6 '.

The input unit 310 receives the voltage of the battery of the power supply apparatus 100 (about 12 V) through the terminals 12 V + and 12 V-, Voltage distribution resistor: not shown), and is applied to the 'RA0' terminal of the CPU U1 of the control unit, so that the control CPU continues to detect the magnitude of the low voltage of the battery.

The battery voltage applied through the terminals 12V + and 12V- of the input unit 310 is connected to the fifth constant voltage diode U5 and the sixth constant voltage diode U6 through the diode D3 and the power switch S1A. (For example, 5 V) through the resistor R18 and turns on the display LED D8 through the resistor R18.

On the other hand, when the CPU U1 checks the internal temperature of the switching device at the end of the input terminal and determines that the temperature is higher than a predetermined temperature, the RB7 terminal is made high to operate the fan.

Now, the operation of the output unit 320 and the control unit will be described with reference to Figs. 8A, 9C, and 8D.

The output terminal RB1 of the CPU is connected to the ground via the resistor R14 and the display LED D4 and is connected to the inverter power supply switching circuit portion 321 through the resistor R17.

Thus, if the output of the terminal RB1 is high, the third and fourth photocouplers U3 and U4 are turned on so that the sixth triac D6 and seventh triac D7 are turned on The first inverter terminal INV1 is connected to the one side L1 of the load output terminal through the sixth triac D6 so that the switch S2 can be interposed therebetween and the second inverter terminal INV2 And is connected to the other end L2 of the load output stage through the seventh triac D7, thereby eventually switching the inverter power to be applied to the load. For example, the first preliminary output terminal Pl1 may be connected in parallel to the load terminals L1 and L2. The preliminary output terminal may be formed of a receptacle, for example, to output the additional load.

The output terminal RB0 of the CPU is connected to the ground through the resistor R13 and the display LED D2 and connected to the commercial AC power switching circuit units U2 and D1 and the auxiliary circuit through the resistor R16. .

Thus, when the output of the terminal RB0 is high, the second photocoupler U2 is turned on, thereby turning on the first triac D6, so that the first AC terminal AC1 is turned on, Is connected to one side (L1) of the load output stage through the liquid (D1). On the other hand, the second AC terminal AC2 is commonly connected to the second load output terminal L2.

In addition, the output terminal RB3 of the CPU is connected to the charging switching circuit units U7, D9 and the auxiliary circuit through the resistor R32.

Thus, when the output of the terminal RB3 is high, the seventh photo coupler U7 is turned on, so that the ninth triac D9 is turned on, so that the first AC terminal AC1 is turned on, And is connected to one side of the charging receptacle PL2 via the liquid D9. Also, the second AC terminal AC2 is commonly connected to the second load output terminal L2 and the other end of the charging receptacle.

8D, this is replaced with a generator power switching circuit 322 in place of the inverter power switching circuit 321 in FIG. 8C. The generator power switching circuit 322 is connected to the output terminal RB2 of the CPU The other circuits are the same except that they are turned on.

That is, the output terminal RB2 of the CPU is connected to the ground through the resistor R15 and the display LED D5, and is connected to the generator power switching circuit portion 322 through the resistor R117.

Thus, when the output of the terminal RB2 is high, the thirteenth and fourteenth photocouplers U103 and U104 are turned on, thereby turning on the 16th triac D106 and the 17th triac D107, The first generator terminal GEN1 is connected to one side L1 of the load output stage through the 16th triac D106 and the second generator terminal GEN2 is connected to the load output stage via the 17th triac D107, And is connected to the other side (L2), thereby eventually switching the generator power to be applied to the load.

Meanwhile, a DIP switch is added to the CPU U1 of the control unit 330 so that adjustment of the various reference voltages Vr1 and Vr2 and the reference time Tr can be made externally.

The operation of the CPU in the charging / discharging mode switching circuit of the power supply unit, that is, the charging / discharging mode switching method of the power supply unit will be described with reference to Fig.

First, when the system operates, it is checked whether the power supply of the inverter having the highest priority is 'on' (S1). This is because the inverter 330 is controlled by the control unit 330 through the input terminal INV_IN of the input unit 310, It is checked whether the input of the 'RB5' terminal of the CPU is 'high'.

If the inverter power is on, it means that the battery is installed or at least meaningful power is being output from the battery through the inverter. Therefore, the battery voltage is now checked to determine whether the battery output voltage Vt is higher than a second reference voltage Vr2) or not (S3). In general, the second reference voltage is for checking whether the battery is overcharged. For example, 12.3V information is suitable for a Delco lead acid battery. If the inverter power is 'off' in step S1, it means that the battery is not mounted or at least meaningful power is not outputted from the battery through the inverter. Therefore, as described later, The process proceeds to step S7 where it is checked.

In step S3, the voltages (12V + and 12V-) of the battery (BAT-1, BAT-2) terminals of the power supply device 100 are directly or voltage measured by using a voltage dividing resistor, . &Lt; / RTI &gt;

If it is determined in step S3 that the battery output voltage Vt is equal to or higher than the second reference voltage Vr2 (Vt? Vr2), it means that the battery of the power supply device is overcharged. The CPU output terminal 'RB1' of FIG. 8C is set to 'LOW'), the inverter is connected to the load output (the CPU output terminal 'RB1' of FIG. 8A and FIG. ), And returns to the beginning.

If it is determined in step S3 that the battery output voltage Vt is not higher than the second reference voltage Vr2 (Vt <Vr2), it is determined whether the battery voltage is lower than the first reference voltage Vr1 (S5).

If the battery output voltage Vt is not lower than the first reference voltage Vr1 (Vt > Vr1), since the battery voltage is at a normal value below the permissible upper limit value and above the permissible lower limit value (Vr1? Vt? Vr2) By maintaining the circuit portion 321 in the ON state, the operation of continuously connecting the load to the inverter is maintained (S6), and then the battery output voltage Vt is maintained at the first The steps S5 and S6 are repeated until the voltage drops below the reference voltage Vr1.

On the other hand, when the battery output voltage Vt is less than the first reference voltage Vr1 (Vt &lt; Vr1), the battery is connected but is not allowed to discharge. Therefore, The battery must be charged with power.

(S7) which checks whether the commercial AC power source of the second priority is 'on'. This is because the power of the commercial AC power source is supplied to the control unit 330 through the input AC_IN of the input unit 310 It is checked whether the input of the 'RB4' terminal is 'high'.

If the commercial AC power supply is on, the commercial AC power supply is in a normal state, not a power failure. Therefore, the load is immediately switched to the uninterruptible power supply (AC power supply) (the CPU output terminal 'RB1' (RB0 is set to high) (S11), and the battery is charged with a commercial AC power source (the CPU output terminal RB3 in FIGS. 8A and 8C is set to high) S13).

On the other hand, in step S13, the timer Tc is reset and the timer is operated at the same time as charging. This is to prevent the battery from being charged for a predetermined time (for example, 1 to 2 hours). In addition to controlling the battery charge stop by the voltage of the battery, the reason for controlling the charge time is that the battery voltage may not reach the charge over-voltage even if the battery is aged, It is for this reason.

To this end, it is checked whether the charging time Tc is equal to or greater than the reference time Tr in the next step S15, and if it is YES, the charging is stopped (the CPU output terminal RB3 in FIGS. Quot; low &quot;) (S16), and returns to the beginning.

However, if it is determined in step S15 that the battery output voltage Vt is greater than or equal to the second reference voltage Vr2 (Vt? Vr2?), Otherwise, it is checked whether the AC power source is 'on' (S19), and the steps S15, S17 and S19 are repeated.

However, if it is determined in step S17 that the battery output voltage Vt is equal to or higher than the second reference voltage Vr2 (Vt? Vr2), it means that the battery of the power supply is sufficiently charged. (The CPU output terminals 'RB0' and 'RB1' of FIG. 8A and FIG. 8C are set to 'low' and 'high', respectively) (S18) Quot; low &quot;) (S16), and returns to the beginning.

On the other hand, if it is determined in step S7 or S19 that the AC power source is not 'on', it means that the AC power source is in a power failure state. Therefore, in order to continuously supply uninterrupted power to the load, (S8), and the load power is switched to the generator (S9).

8A and FIG. 8D, the generator output switching circuit 322 shown in FIG. 8D operates as shown in FIG. 8B by setting the CPU output terminals RB1 and RB2 of FIG. 8A and FIG. . Then, it returns to the beginning, and repeats the whole again.

According to the above-described third prior art, since the secondary battery is provided with two or more secondary batteries, most of the output is supplied to the load while the remaining output is safely used for charging another secondary battery, An LED solar streetlight system having a charge / discharge mode switching device and a power source device using a secondary battery that can be safely used can be provided.

However, all of the above-mentioned first to third related arts are problems, which is a technique applied to a case where the use voltage (for example, 12V) is equal to the charge voltage. However, in the case of an automobile or a hybrid vehicle which is driven purely by an electric furnace (hereinafter referred to as an 'electric vehicle'), the voltage charged by a solar cell or a generator is optimized to 12V, which is a relatively low voltage, The motor for driving the driving rotary shaft is optimized to a high voltage of 48V or more, and thus the conventional technology can not be applied to an electric vehicle.

Patent No. 1297148 to No. 1297150 (registered on August 09, 2013) Patent No. 1563949 (registered on October 22, 2015)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is conceived to solve the problems of the first to third prior arts described above, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a power supply system including a power supply unit including a secondary battery, Off of the power supply is switched from the one side to the other side at the same time so as to be switched to the endless state in an instant and the most efficient use of the power supply is achieved by maximizing the use of the conditions between the power supplies, And supplying the secondary battery to the load by increasing the voltage of the secondary battery to the load.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a power supply apparatus for an electric vehicle including a charging / discharging mode switching device for a secondary battery, the power supply apparatus including a power generation unit connected to a first shaft of an electric vehicle, (1000); A boosting unit 3000 for boosting the low voltage of the power generation unit 1000 to a high voltage; And a load driving unit 2000 for storing a high voltage boosted by the boosting unit 3000 and driving another axle of the electric vehicle. (1001, 1002) for accumulating electricity obtained by the generator (1200) generating power from the rotational force of the generator (1200), and the electricity obtained by the generator is supplied to the low- A first charge / discharge mode switching device 1100 for controlling the charge mode to charge an arbitrary one side, or to charge the other side of the low-voltage chargeable battery 1001, 1002 to the booster, And the load driving unit 2000 includes a high voltage charging and discharging battery 2001, 2002 for driving the motor 2200 with a voltage charged or stored at a high voltage boosted by the voltage booster, (2001,2002) is charged in a charging mode so that electricity raised by the air pressure is charged in any one of the high-voltage charging-only batteries (2001,2002) And a second charging / discharging mode switching device 2100 for controlling the discharging mode so as to drive the power generation unit 2200. The voltage boosting unit 3000 includes a voltage boosting unit for boosting a low voltage input from the power generation unit 1000 to a high voltage 3400); A rectifying output unit 3500 for rectifying and outputting the high voltage output stepped up by the step-up unit 3400; A PWM control unit 3300 for controlling the step-up power of the step-up unit 3400; A start-up and shutdown circuit 3600 that shuts down the PWM control unit 3300 to stop the voltage step-up operation when the input voltage from the power generation unit 1000 is less than the minimum voltage, and starts only when the voltage exceeds the predetermined voltage; And a soft starter circuit (3700) for gradually raising the operation of the PWM control unit (3300) when the PWM control unit (3300) starts to operate. Wherein the PWM control unit is controlled so that the voltage step-up ratio and the step-up power factor are controlled in accordance with the input power from the power generation unit, and the power that is boosted and output to the load driving unit is also changed in response to the input power, The power factor of the PWM signal output to the switching elements (Q3, Q4) of the voltage boosting section gradually increases as the voltage of the battery of the power generation section increases as the voltage of the battery of the power generation section increases And keeps outputting the PWM signal of the maximum power factor to the switching elements Q3 and Q4 of the voltage boosting unit by the nominal voltage V _h of the electric vehicle, (2001, 2001) is maximized so that the boosting is performed with the most suitable power factor according to the state of the battery of the power generation section, so that the charging of the load driving section 2000 is optimized And a control unit for controlling the control unit to control the control unit.

Preferably, the booster 3000 includes an input unit 3100 that receives a low voltage from the power generation unit 1000 and smoothens it and provides the boosted voltage to the boosting unit; And further comprising:

More preferably, the booster 3000 includes an overvoltage protection circuit 3200 for protecting the circuit when the input power from the power generation unit 1000 is an abnormal voltage; And further comprising:

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a booster for use in a power supply apparatus for an electric vehicle including a charging / discharging mode switching device for a secondary battery, A booster used in an apparatus includes an input unit (3100) for receiving a low voltage from a power generation unit (1000) and smoothing it; A boosting part 3400 for boosting the low voltage from the input part 3100 to a high voltage; A rectifying output unit 3500 for rectifying and outputting the high voltage output stepped up by the step-up unit 3400; A PWM control unit 3300 for controlling the step-up power of the step-up unit 3400; A start-up and shutdown circuit 3600 that shuts down the PWM control unit 3300 to stop the voltage step-up operation when the input voltage from the power generation unit 1000 is less than the minimum voltage, and starts only when the voltage exceeds the predetermined voltage; And a soft starter circuit (3700) for gradually raising the operation of the PWM control unit (3300) when the PWM control unit (3300) starts to operate. Wherein the PWM control unit is controlled so that the voltage step-up ratio and the step-up power factor are controlled in accordance with the input power from the power generation unit and the power that is stepped up and output to the load driving unit is changed in response to the input power, The power factor of the PWM signal output to the switching elements (Q3, Q4) of the voltage boosting unit gradually increases as the voltage of the battery of the power generation unit increases, And keeps outputting the PWM signal of the maximum power factor to the switching elements Q3 and Q4 of the voltage boosting unit by the nominal voltage V _h of the electric vehicle, (2001, 2001) is maximized so that the boosting is performed with the most suitable power factor according to the state of the battery of the power generation section, so that the charging of the load driving section 2000 is optimized And a control unit for controlling the control unit to control the control unit.

More preferably, the booster 3000 includes an overvoltage protection circuit 3200 for protecting the circuit when the input power from the power generation unit 1000 is an abnormal voltage; And further comprising:

At this time, when the input voltage V3 input from the power generation unit 1000 is less than the minimum threshold voltage Vth, the input voltage V3 is divided by the voltage dividing resistors R24 and R26 R27 are applied to the shutdown terminal SHDN of the switching chip U1 of the PWM control unit through the connecting elements R25 and D8 so that the chip is inactivated, When the input voltage V3 is equal to or higher than the minimum threshold voltage Vth, when the voltage is applied to the control zener diode U2 through the first voltage dividing resistor R24, the Zener diode U2 breaks down The voltage applied to the shutdown terminal SHDN of the switching chip U1 of the PWM control unit is changed to the low state through the connection elements R25 and D8 so that the chip is converted into the active state, The boosting operation of the booster is performed, and the input voltage (V3) When the voltage falls below the threshold voltage (Vth), the PWM control unit is shut down to stop the boosting operation of the booster.

The booster may be configured such that when the input voltage V3 of the input unit is equal to or higher than the lowest threshold voltage Vth so that the PWM control unit is activated and the boosting operation of the booster is started, The collector of the fifth switching transistor Q5 is connected to the emitter of the fifth switching transistor Q5 of the softstarter circuit 3700 via the diode D6 through the diode D7 for push- When the input voltage V3 is equal to or higher than the minimum threshold voltage Vth, the sixth Zener diode D6 is connected to the soft starter terminal SS of the switching chip U1 of the PWM control unit, A current flows from the base end to the emitter of the fifth switching transistor Q5 which is brought into a low voltage state so that the voltage Vr applied to the collector side resistor R17 of the fifth switching transistor Q5 This slowly A voltage (0V to 4V) gradually increasing until reaching the nominal voltage is applied to the soft starter terminal SS of the switching chip U1 by the push-pull operation of the connecting diode D7 The switching chip U1 outputs the pulse wave having the gradually increasing power factor from the lowest power factor to the maximum power factor to the switching transistors Q3 and Q4 in response to this, .

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a secondary battery including two or more secondary batteries, one of which is used to supply power to a load and the remaining output is used to charge another secondary battery safely, And a secondary battery charging / discharging mode switching device for boosting the charged voltage and supplying the charged voltage to the load, which can be safely utilized, can be provided.

Furthermore, by separating the primary side of the low voltage and the secondary side of the high voltage, charging time can be saved by charging the secondary side with the charged primary side power supply even when the electric vehicle is not driven as in the nighttime In addition, even when the electric vehicle is driven by the secondary side of the high voltage, the surplus torque of the vehicle which can be charged only to the low-voltage battery charges the primary side of the low voltage. can do.

Particularly, according to the booster used in the power supply unit of an electric vehicle having the secondary battery charging / discharging mode switching device, when the charging voltage of the generator is below a predetermined value because the vehicle is stopped or the like, the booster is shut down to stop charging When the charging voltage of the generator is increased, the charging current that is stepped up to a constant voltage is gradually increased to optimize the charging efficiency.

Figure 1 shows a generator with two batteries and an exchanger switch according to the first prior art.
Fig. 2 is an overall configuration view of a power supply device according to a second prior art; Fig.
Figure 3a is a front perspective view of the relay of Figure 2;
Figure 3b is a photograph of a rear view of the relay of Figure 2;
4 is a circuit diagram of the control unit of Fig.
5 is a flowchart showing a control operation of the control unit of Fig.
6 is a photograph of the actual operation when the battery 1 of the power source apparatus according to the second prior art is in a discharged state and the charging degree of the battery 2 is being displayed.
7A is a circuit diagram of a power management system using a charge / discharge mode switching circuit according to the third prior art.
7B is a block diagram of a power management system using a charge / discharge mode switching circuit according to the third prior art.
8A to 8D are circuit diagrams of the charge / discharge mode switching circuit of the switching device of FIG. 7A,
8A is a control section of the charging / discharging mode switching circuit,
8B is an input part of the charging / discharging mode switching circuit,
8C is a first output portion of the charge / discharge mode switching circuit,
8D is a second output of the charge / discharge mode switching circuit.
9 is a flowchart of the operation of the control unit (CPU) of Fig.
10 is a configuration diagram of a power source device of an electric vehicle having a secondary battery charge / discharge mode switching device according to the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a photograph of an actual product of a power supply device of an electric vehicle having a charging / discharging mode switching device for a secondary battery according to the present invention. FIG.
12A to 12C are photographs of an actual product of a booster used in a power unit of an electric vehicle provided with a charge / discharge mode switching device for a secondary battery according to the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram of a booster used in a power supply unit of an electric vehicle provided with a charging / discharging mode switching device for a secondary battery according to the present invention. FIG.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram of a power supply device for an electric vehicle having a secondary battery charge / discharge mode switching device according to the present invention, and FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a power supply device of an electric vehicle It is a real product photo.

A power supply device for an electric vehicle having a secondary battery charge / discharge mode switching device according to the present invention will be described with reference to Figs. 10 and 11. Fig.

As shown in FIG. 10, the electric power unit of the electric vehicle with the secondary battery charge / discharge mode switching device of the present invention is connected to the first axis (mainly the slave axis) of the electric vehicle, A power generation unit 1000 for generating electricity and charging the low-voltage battery; A booster 3000 for boosting the low voltage of the power generation unit 1000 to a high voltage (for example, 48V); And a load driving unit 2000 for storing a high voltage boosted by the booster 3000 and driving another axle (drive shaft) of the electric vehicle.

More specifically, the power generation unit 1000 includes a generator (not shown) connected to a rotary shaft that is connected to a driven shaft (a), which is a primary shaft of an electric vehicle, to transmit rotational force of the tire by a suitable power transmitting device Voltage charging cells 1001 and 1002 for storing electricity obtained by the generator and electric power obtained by the generator are charged to charge any one of the low-voltage charging batteries 1001 and 1002 Mode battery or the high voltage battery 2001,2002, which is charged to the other side of the low voltage chargeable battery 1001, 1002, is discharged to the booster 300 to discharge any one of the high voltage batteries 2001, And a first charge / discharge mode switching device 1100 for controlling the first charge / The first charge / discharge mode switching device 1100 of FIG. 10 is a charge / discharge mode switching device (the device of FIG. 6) of the present invention's prior art No. 1297150 known as an 'ELPO system' 7A and 7B) using the secondary battery of Patent No. 1539094, except that a terminal connected to the load 50 is connected to the booster 3000 in the present invention It is different.

The load driving unit 2000 includes an electric motor 2200 connected to a drive shaft b as an other axle of the electric vehicle by a suitable power transmission device (for example, a differential gear) to generate a rotational force on the tire, (2001, 2002) for driving the motor with a voltage that is boosted or stored at a boosted high voltage, and an electric power boosted by the booster is supplied to an arbitrary one of the high voltage backup batteries 2001, A second charging / discharging mode switching device (2100) for controlling the discharging mode so as to drive the motor (2200) in the charging mode for charging one side or the other side of the high voltage charging / discharging battery (2001,2002) .

The second charge / discharge mode switching device 2100 of FIG. 10 is also a charge / discharge mode switching device (the device of FIG. 6) of the present inventor's prior art 1297150 known as an 'ELPO system' 7A and 7B), the input terminal of the generator 500 is an output from the booster 3000 in the present invention. The load 50 is the electric motor 2200 and is different from the first charge / discharge mode switching device 1100 in that the chargeable battery 2001,2002 has a high voltage of 48V, Four 12V batteries in the patent are connected in series to form one side charging battery (2001), and the other side battery is also a charging battery (2002) in which four 12V batteries are connected in series. Only there is a difference It is different.

A boosting device 3000 used in a power source device of an electric vehicle having the secondary battery charge / discharge mode switching device will be described with reference to FIGS. 12A to 13. FIG.

12A to 12C are photographs of actual products of a booster used in a power supply unit of an electric vehicle having a charge / discharge mode switching device for a secondary battery according to the present invention, Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of a booster used in a power supply unit of an electric vehicle having an electric motor.

The circuit of the booster 3000 includes an input unit 3100 for receiving and smoothing a low voltage (e.g., 12V) from the power generation unit 1000; A boosting part 3400 for boosting the 12V DC voltage from the input part 3100; A rectifying output section 3500 for rectifying and outputting a high voltage (for example, 48V) output stepped up by the voltage step-up section 3400; A PWM control unit 3300 for controlling the step-up power of the step-up unit 3400; A start-up and shutdown circuit 3600 that shuts down the PWM control unit 3300 to stop the voltage step-up operation when the input voltage from the power generation unit is less than the minimum voltage, and starts only when the voltage exceeds the predetermined voltage; A softstarter circuit 3700 for gradually raising the operation of the PWM control unit 3300 when the PWM control unit 3300 starts to start; And an overvoltage protection circuit (3200) for protecting the circuit when the input power from the power generation unit (1000) is abnormal voltage; .

First, the input unit 3100 generates a low voltage (for example, 12V) that is generated from the generator 1200 by the rotational force of the driven shaft a, which is the first axis of the electric vehicle, And the low voltage is smoothed by the LC circuits L1 and C1 and applied to the next stage.

Next, the voltage-boosting portion 3400 boosts the low-voltage (12V) direct-current voltage from the input portion 3100 to a high voltage (48V). It is general and efficient to charge the vehicle generator with a low voltage, (48V), which is more efficient for the motor, since the power is weak to rotate the motor as it is. Actually, in the booster 3000, the voltage is increased to 56V and applied to the load driver 2000. The load driver 2000 charges the high voltage batteries to a desired voltage of 48V. The voltage step-up unit is constituted by a transformer T1. More specifically, the third and fourth switching transistors Q3 and Q4 are alternately switched to apply an alternating voltage to the transformer and step up to a high voltage from the transformer. The third and fourth switching transistors Q3 and Q4 are alternately ON / OFF-controlled by the PWM method so as to have a proper power factor by the control chip U1 of the PWM control unit 3300.

The boosting unit 3400 includes the switching chip U1 and its peripheral circuits R10 to R12 and C5 to C8 so that the third and fourth switching transistors Q3 and Q4 Not only on / off control is alternately performed, but also PWM control is performed while having a different power factor depending on the power from the generator, so that the boosting power is controlled to be optimum. For example, assuming that the nominal voltage Vh of the automobile is 13.8 V, when the voltage V3 input from the power generation section 1000 is less than the minimum threshold voltage Vth (13.5 V, for example) (V3 <Vth ), The power factor is gradually increased from 0% (V3? Vth) to the lowest threshold voltage Vth (V3? Vth) in order to prevent the voltage boost operation from being performed (this will be described in detail later with the startup and shutdown circuit 3600) (V3 = Vh) and the power factor is 100% (this will be described later in detail together with the soft starter circuit 3700), so that the boosting is performed as the most suitable power factor according to the state of the battery of the power generator So that charging of the load driving unit 2000 is performed optimally.

The high voltage (for example, 48V) boosted by the voltage boosting section 3400 is converted into a direct current by the rectifying output section 3500 and is outputted. The AC voltage boosted by the transformer is first supplied to the rectifying sections D2 to D5, C12 and R13 to R16, and is output to the second charge / discharge mode switching device 2100 through the output terminals J2 and J3. Of course, although the second charge-discharge mode switching device 2100 may be applied by a direct load (here, an electric motor) in a special case of the output high voltage as described in the description of the present invention by the inventors of the present invention, The high-voltage battery 2001 and the high-voltage battery 2002 are charged. In principle, the high-voltage battery 2001 is charged and the other high-voltage battery 2002 is set to the discharge mode. The other high voltage battery 2002 is charged and discharged in a charge mode and the one high voltage battery 2001 is charged and discharged alternately in a discharge mode.

It is preferable that an overvoltage protection circuit 3200 is inserted between the input unit 3100 and the PWM control unit 3300 so that the overvoltage protection circuit 3200 prevents the input voltage from excessively (Here, the emitter-base terminal voltage Vin of the first PNP transistor), and when the sensing voltage is equal to or higher than the reference value, the first transistor Q1 is turned on And the second NPN transistor Q2 whose base end is connected to the collector terminal of the first transistor Q1 is turned on so that the input side control terminals + IN and -IN of the switching chip U1 are substantially short- The chip is turned off and the PWM control unit does not operate, thereby protecting the entire circuit of the booster 3000 from the overvoltage. The remaining elements of the overvoltage protection circuit 3200 are well known in the art and will not be described in detail.

Now, the most important start-up and shutdown circuit 3600 and softstarter circuit 3700 of the present invention will be described in detail.

First, the startup and shutdown circuit 3600 shuts down the PWM control section 3300 so as to stop the voltage step-up operation when the input voltage from the power generation section is less than the minimum voltage, and starts only when the voltage is equal to or higher than the pre- The soft starter circuit 3700 is designed to prevent the low-voltage battery from being damaged by the PWM control unit 3700. In this case, 3300 is a type of protection circuit for gradually raising the operation of the PWM control unit 3300 at the start of operation, and at the same time to optimize the boosting to the high voltage and the charging efficiency of the high voltage battery.

For example, when the nominal voltage Vh of the automobile is 13.8 V, the third terminal V3 of the input connector J1 input from the power generation section 1000 is connected to the startup and shutdown circuit 3600, (Which is also connected to the terminal No. VC of the switching chip U1 of the PWM control unit) connected to the starter circuit 3700 and the input voltage V3 is the lowest threshold voltage Vth The detection voltage obtained by dividing the voltage V3 of the third terminal by the voltage-dividing resistors R24, R26 and R27 is applied to the start-up and shutdown circuitry (not shown) through the connecting elements R25 and D8 The chip is inactivated by being applied to the terminal No. SHDN of the switching chip U1 of the PWM control unit connected to the output terminal of the PWM control unit.

Meanwhile, the voltage V3 of the third terminal is connected to the control zener diode U2 through the first voltage dividing resistor R24, and the breakdown voltage of the zener diode U2 is controlled by the resistor R22 and the variable A breakdown may be caused to occur when a voltage of, for example, about 2.5 V is applied to the gate of the control zener diode U2 by a potentiometer of the resistor R23.

Even if the voltage V3 of the third terminal higher than the lowest threshold voltage Vth is applied to the control zener diode U2 through the first voltage dividing resistor R24, breakdown occurs in the zener diode U2 The voltage applied to the terminal SHDN of the switching chip U1 of the PWM control unit is changed to a low state through the connecting elements R25 and D8 so that the chip is activated (The voltage V3 of the third terminal higher than the lowest threshold voltage Vth simultaneously applies a sufficiently high operation voltage VC to the terminal No. VC of the switching chip U1 of the PWM control unit) ). As a result, when the voltage V3 of the third terminal of the input connector J1 is less than the minimum threshold voltage Vth, the PWM control unit is deactivated, so that the boosting operation of the booster is not performed, When the voltage of the booster is higher than the voltage (Vth), the PWM control unit is activated and the boosting operation of the booster is performed. When the voltage falls below the lowest threshold voltage (Vth), the PWM control unit is shut down, The operation is stopped.

On the other hand, when the voltage V3 of the third terminal of the input section connector J1 is equal to or higher than the lowest threshold voltage Vth (for example, 13.5 V), the PWM control section is activated, The third terminal V3 is connected to the emitter of the fifth PNP switching transistor Q5 of the soft starter circuit 3700 via the sixth zener diode D6 The collector of the fifth switching transistor Q5 is connected to the terminal No. 8 (SS) (Soft Starter terminal) of the switching chip U1 of the PWM control unit through the diode D7 for push- Respectively. Thus, when the voltage V3 of the third terminal is equal to or higher than the lowest threshold voltage Vth (for example, 13.5 V), the sixth switching transistor Q5, which breaks down the sixth Zener diode D6, The voltage Vr applied to the collector-side resistor R17 of the fifth switching transistor Q5 gradually rises as a current flows from the base end to the emitter of the transistor Q5, A voltage (0V to 4V) which gradually increases until the voltage reaches the nominal voltage is applied to the terminal No. SS of the switching chip U1 by the push-pull operation of the switches U1 to D7. Accordingly, in response to this, the switching chip U1 outputs a pulse wave having a gradually increasing power factor of 1% to 100% to the switching transistors Q3 and Q4, thereby gradually increasing the PWM control For example, by continuing to output the PWM signal of 100% power factor to the switching MOSFETs Q3 and Q4 by reaching the nominal voltage V _h of the automobile of 13.8 V, 2000) high-voltage battery (2001, 2001).

In other words, when the voltage of the power generation unit 1000 is 13.5 [V], the charge current is increased to the charge current The voltage of the 12 [V] DC generator directly connected to the electric motor increases as the electric vehicle accelerates. As the voltage increases, the charging current As shown in FIG.

Now, the operation of the power supply unit of the electric vehicle having the secondary battery charge / discharge mode switching device of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 10 to FIG.

First, the first charge / discharge mode switching device 1100 of the power generation unit 1000 is connected to a generator shaft (a) connected to a generator rotation shaft connected directly to the first shaft a of the electric vehicle or by a separate power transmission device such as a belt or a gear Voltage battery (here, 12V voltage) generated by the batteries (not shown).

In this case, the first charge-discharge mode switching device 1100 may control the other side 1002 of the at least two low-voltage batteries to a discharge mode at a low voltage generated by the generator 1200, The 12V voltage from the battery 1002 is boosted to a high voltage (e.g., 56.5V) by the booster.

At this time, the start-up and shutdown circuit 3600 of the booster 3000 performs the boosting operation when the voltage from the power generator 1000 reaches a minimum threshold voltage (for example, 13.5 V) When the minimum threshold voltage is reached, the softstarter circuit 3700 gradually performs the PWM control to increase the power factor, and when the nominal voltage (for example, 13.8V) is reached, the PWM control is performed at the maximum power factor.

Next, the second charging / discharging mode switching device 2100 of the load driving part 2000 controls the charging mode so as to charge the one side 2001 of the at least two high-voltage batteries with the boosted voltage, The two charging / discharging mode switching device 2100 controls the other side 2002 of the two or more high-voltage batteries in the discharging mode to drive the motor with the battery voltage of the discharging mode (for example, 48V) (b) is driven.

In some cases, the low-voltage battery may be charged with a commercial power source of the auxiliary generator or the charging station, which is generated by a solar generator or an internal combustion engine other than the driven shaft of the electric vehicle.

In addition, the battery of the discharge mode in the low-voltage battery may be continuously boosted by the booster to charge the high-voltage battery. When the high-voltage battery is fully charged, the battery may be alternately charged in the charge mode until the battery is fully charged While the battery of the discharge mode in the high voltage battery drives the motor to rotate the drive shaft alternately in the case where the electric vehicle is in use and the other battery in the high voltage battery is controlled in the charge mode, Charging is continued even when the electric automatic self-driving is not in progress (for example, at night) unless the charging is fully charged and the low-voltage battery is not overdischarged Do.

Although the operation of the present invention has been described as an embodiment using two lead acid batteries as low-voltage batteries and eight lead acid batteries as high-voltage batteries as batteries, it is not necessarily limited to lead acid batteries, And the number of batteries is not limited to two and eight, and it is also possible to apply the present invention by bundling three or more batteries into one pair, and it is naturally different according to the rated voltage of the electric motor, The present invention is also applicable to a system for continuously supplying power to a load and discharging the rechargeable battery through an inverter so as to drive the load with another power source.

In addition, various numerical values in the above embodiments are examples, and they can be changed as much as possible depending on the power generation capacity of a vehicle, and are applicable to other electric driving power devices other than automobiles.

As described above, the embodiments of the present invention described above should not be construed as limiting the technical idea of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is limited only by the matters described in the claims, and those skilled in the art will be able to modify the technical idea of the present invention in various forms. Accordingly, such improvements and modifications will fall within the scope of the present invention as long as they are obvious to those skilled in the art.

(Prior art)
1: first battery 2: second battery
10: relay part 10a: base
11: first relay part 11b: plate
11c: Support
12: second relay part
13: Charger connection plate 14: Inverter connection plate
15: first battery connecting plate 16: second battery connecting plate
20:
30: inverter 40: charger
50: load 60: solar cell
110: first relay operating terminal 111: first relay first fixed terminal
112: first relay second fixed terminal 113: connection line
114: solenoid 115: movable terminal support plate
116: spring
120: second relay operating terminal 121: second relay first fixed terminal
122: second relay second fixed terminal 123: connection cable
124: solenoid 125: movable terminal support plate
126: spring 127, 128: second relay control signal terminal
210: battery power input part 220: constant voltage circuit part
221: DC-DC converter 230:
240: processing unit 250: relay control signal output unit
260: first battery voltage display unit 270: second battery voltage display unit
280: spare terminal unit 290: option setting unit
100: Power supply using secondary battery
300: switching device
310: input unit 320: output unit
321: inverter power supply switching circuit unit 322: generator power supply switching circuit unit
400: commercial AC power source 500: generator
(Invention)
a: slave axis b: drive shaft
1000: Power generator 1001,1002: Low voltage battery
1100: first charge / discharge mode switching device 1200: generator
2000: load driving part 2001,2002: high voltage battery
2100: second charge / discharge mode switching device 2200: motor
3000: Booster 3100: Input unit
3200: Overvoltage protection circuit 3300: PWM control section
3400: step-up unit 3500: rectified output unit
3600: Startup and shutdown circuitry 3700: Softstarter circuitry

Claims (6)

A power generation unit 1000 connected to the first axis of the electric vehicle for generating electricity at a low voltage and charging the low voltage battery;
A boosting unit 3000 for boosting the low voltage of the power generation unit 1000 to a high voltage; And
And a load driving unit 2000 for storing a high voltage boosted by the booster 3000 and driving another axle of the electric vehicle,
The power generation unit 1000 includes low-voltage battery 1001, 1002 for accumulating electricity obtained by the generator 1200 generating power from the rotational force of the first shaft a of the electric vehicle to a low voltage, So as to charge any one of the low-voltage charge-only batteries 1001 and 1002, or to charge the other one of the low-charge charge-only batteries 1001 and 1002 to the booster And a first charge / discharge mode switching device (1100) for controlling the discharge mode,
The load driving unit 2000 includes a high-voltage charge-and-discharge battery 2001, 2002 for driving the motor 2200 with a voltage charged or stored at a high voltage boosted by the booster, and an electric power boosted by the booster (2001,2002), or in a charging mode to charge any one of the high-voltage charging / discharging battery 2001,2002, or to drive the motor 2200 in an electric charge charged on the other side of the high- And a second charge / discharge mode switching device (2100)
The booster (3000)
A boosting part 3400 for boosting the input low voltage from the power generation part 1000 to a high voltage;
A rectifying output unit 3500 for rectifying and outputting the high voltage output stepped up by the step-up unit 3400;
A PWM control unit 3300 for controlling the step-up power of the step-up unit 3400;
A start-up and shutdown circuit 3600 that shuts down the PWM control unit 3300 to stop the voltage step-up operation when the input voltage from the power generation unit 1000 is less than the minimum voltage, and starts only when the voltage exceeds the predetermined voltage; And
A softstarter circuit 3700 for gradually raising the operation of the PWM control unit 3300 when the PWM control unit 3300 starts to start;
/ RTI &gt;
Wherein the PWM controller is controlled such that the voltage step-up ratio and the step-up power factor are controlled in accordance with the input power from the power generator and the power that is boosted and output to the load driver is also varied in response to the input power, The power factor of the PWM signal output to the switching elements Q3 and Q4 of the voltage booster portion increases gradually as the voltage of the battery of the power generator portion rises, by still holding that the output to the switching elements (Q3, Q4) for the PWM signal to the step-up portion of the power factor up until the electric vehicle the nominal voltage (V _h) of the high-voltage battery of the load drive section (2000) (2001,2001 ) Is maximized so that the boosting is carried out with the most suitable power factor according to the state of the battery of the power generation section so that the charging of the load driving section 2000 is performed optimally Electric car power supply apparatus of the secondary battery having a charge-discharge mode switching device, characterized in that the lock control. The method according to claim 1,
The booster (3000)
An input unit 3100 that receives a low voltage from the power generation unit 1000 and smoothens it and provides the smoothed voltage to the voltage step-up unit;
Further comprising a charging / discharging mode switching unit for charging / discharging the secondary battery. The method according to claim 1,
The booster (3000)
An overvoltage protection circuit 3200 for protecting the circuit when the input power from the power generation unit 1000 is an abnormal voltage; Further comprising a charging / discharging mode switching unit for charging / discharging the secondary battery. A booster for use in a power supply unit of an electric vehicle having the secondary battery charge / discharge mode switching device according to claim 1,
An input unit 3100 for receiving and smoothing a low voltage from the power generation unit 1000;
A boosting part 3400 for boosting the low voltage from the input part 3100 to a high voltage;
A rectifying output unit 3500 for rectifying and outputting the high voltage output stepped up by the step-up unit 3400;
A PWM control unit 3300 for controlling the step-up power of the step-up unit 3400;
A start-up and shutdown circuit 3600 that shuts down the PWM control unit 3300 to stop the voltage step-up operation when the input voltage from the power generation unit 1000 is less than the minimum voltage, and starts only when the voltage exceeds the predetermined voltage; And
A softstarter circuit 3700 for gradually raising the operation of the PWM control unit 3300 when the PWM control unit 3300 starts to start;
/ RTI &gt;
Wherein the PWM controller is controlled such that the voltage step-up ratio and the step-up power factor are controlled in accordance with the input power from the power generator and the power that is boosted and output to the load driver is also varied in response to the input power, The power factor of the PWM signal output to the switching elements Q3 and Q4 of the voltage booster portion increases gradually as the voltage of the battery of the power generator portion rises, by still holding that the output to the switching elements (Q3, Q4) for the PWM signal to the step-up portion of the power factor up until the electric vehicle the nominal voltage (V _h) of the high-voltage battery of the load drive section (2000) (2001,2001 ) Is maximized so that the boosting is carried out with the most suitable power factor according to the state of the battery of the power generation section so that the charging of the load driving section 2000 is performed optimally Boosters for use in an electric vehicle power supply device of a secondary battery having a charge-discharge mode switching device, characterized in that the lock control. 5. The method of claim 4,
The start-up and shutdown circuit 3600 is a circuit in which the input voltage V3 is applied to the voltage dividing resistors R24, R26, R27 when the input voltage V3 input from the power generator 1000 is less than the minimum threshold voltage Vth, Is applied to the shutdown terminal (SHDN) of the switching chip (U1) of the PWM control unit through the connection elements (R25, D8) so that the chip is in the inactivated state,
When the input voltage V3 is equal to or higher than the lowest threshold voltage Vth, breakdown occurs in the zener diode U2 when applied to the control zener diode U2 through the first voltage dividing resistor R24 The voltage applied to the shutdown terminal SHDN of the switching chip U1 of the PWM control unit is changed to the low state through the connection elements R25 and D8 so that the chip is converted into the active state, The boosting operation of the booster is performed,
And when the input voltage (V3) drops below the minimum threshold voltage (Vth), the PWM control unit is shut down to stop the boosting operation of the booster. Booster used in power supply of automobiles. 5. The method of claim 4,
The booster is turned on when the input voltage V3 of the input unit is equal to or higher than the lowest threshold voltage Vth so that the PWM control unit is activated and the boosting operation of the booster is started, And the collector of the fifth switching transistor Q5 is connected to the emitter of the fifth switching transistor Q5 of the softstarter circuit 3700 through the push-pull connection diode D7, When the input voltage V3 is equal to or higher than the minimum threshold voltage Vth, the sixth Zener diode D6 is caused to break down , A current flows from the base end to the emitter of the fifth switching transistor Q5 which is in the low voltage state. Therefore, the voltage V _R17 applied to the collector side resistor R17 of the fifth switching transistor Q5 becomes Slowly phase A voltage (0 V to 4 V) which gradually increases until the voltage reaches the nominal voltage is applied to the soft starter terminal SS of the switching chip U1 by the push-pull operation of the connecting diode D7 In response to this, the switching chip U1 outputs the pulse wave having the gradually increasing power factor from the lowest power factor to the maximum power factor to the switching transistors Q3 and Q4, thereby gradually increasing the PWM control And a charging / discharging mode switching device for charging / discharging the secondary battery.

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