KR20170124107A - Apparatus and method for processing of inserts - Google Patents

Abstract

The purpose of the present invention is to provide an insert processing apparatus and method which provide a comprehensive model for CAM software development for designing, manufacturing and visualizing of an insert. The insert processing method of the present invention comprises the steps of: (a) determining design-related parameters of an insert based on a user input; (b) determining a location vector and a normal vector of a first control point for grinding a plurality of edges on the basis of the design-related parameters; (c) calculating NC codes associated with grinding the plurality of edges on the basis of the location and normal vectors of the first control point; (d) on the basis of the design-related parameters, determining a location vector and a normal vector of a second control point for grinding a plurality of corners; (e) on the basis of the location and normal vectors of the second control point, calculating NC codes associated with grinding the plurality of corners; and (f) on the basis of the NC codes associated with grinding the edges and the corners, processing the insert.

Description

[0001] APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PROCESSING OF INSERTS [0002]

The present invention relates to an insert processing apparatus and method that form the basis of CAM software development for the design, manufacture and visualization of indexable inserts.

Indexable inserts are cutting tools widely used in high-speed machining with CNC grinding machines. It features nine design parameters: shape, clearance angle, tolerance, thickness, nose radius, or tool radius. The precision of these design parameters greatly affects the tolerances of the machined part and the cutting performance of the insert, so an accurate machining model is required.

Indexable inserts are well standardized and well-sorted, and the dynamic behavior of indexable inserts has been extensively studied in the past. For example, in the past, the effects of insert geometry and nose geometry on cutting performance have been studied, and the selection of these parameters forms the basis for the selection of appropriate inserts for a particular cutting performance. In addition, in the past, improvement in surface quality of a workpiece and kinematic relationship between the grinding wheel and the flank surface of the insert have been proposed.

However, the comprehensive mathematical model and structure of the CAM system required in the manufacture of indexable inserts is not yet well established. Most inserts are machined using a MACRO NC program by a small number of companies. These NC programs are created on a case-by-case basis and require skilled operators.

The design process of the insert starts with the design of the cutting edge shape and the distribution of the clearance angle at the corner of the cutting edge. In order to machine a designed insert, the grinding wheel must be slid along the cutting edge in order to obtain the designed clearance angle, thereby creating a contour surface of the insert. Therefore, the contour surface of the insert is formed based on the design of the cutting edge curve and the design of the margin angle distribution. In other words, the contour surface of the insert is not a curve free from the cutting edge curve and the distribution of the clearance angles. This requires a dedicated CAD / CAM system that can not be designed and machined by a commonly used CAD / CAM system do.

The CAM system for the design and machining of indexable inserts has four main functions: the design of the interface, the creation of the NC code, the representation of the machined workpiece, and the verification of the NC code or simulator.

Recently, there have been several attempts to process and determine the contour surface of an insert. For example, two-axis and three-axis interpolation algorithms have recently been proposed for grinding a corner surface of an insert. In addition, a CAM system for machining contour surfaces of plate cams and associated algorithms has been developed. However, CAM systems for making indexable inserts require a more complete model, but the techniques known to date do not meet this need.

Therefore, in order to provide a more complete model, it is necessary to include a simple design interface capable of efficient and various insert design besides the main function of generating NC code. There is also a need to develop a simulator that allows the user to observe the generated contour surface, check possible collisions between machine parts, and verify the generated NC code.

The background technology of the present application is disclosed in Korean Patent Registration No. 10-1442568.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide an insert processing apparatus and a method for providing a comprehensive model for CAM software development for designing, manufacturing and visualizing indexable inserts.

The present invention provides an automatic designing model capable of designing a standard indexable insert with minimum user input and providing an insert machining apparatus and method for generating an NC code based on a designed model There is a purpose in doing.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and it is an object of the present invention to provide an insert machining apparatus and a machining method capable of observing a generated contour surface, There is a purpose.

It is to be understood, however, that the technical scope of the embodiments of the present invention is not limited to the above-described technical problems, and other technical problems may exist.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of machining an insert according to the first aspect, comprising the steps of: (a) determining a design-related parameter of an insert based on a user input; (b) determining a position vector and a normal vector of a first control point for a plurality of edge grinding based on the design related parameter; (c) computing an NC code associated with a plurality of edge grinding based on a position vector and a normal vector of the first control point; (d) determining a position vector and a normal vector of a second control point for a plurality of corner grinding based on the design related parameter; (e) computing an NC code associated with a plurality of corner grinding based on a position vector and a normal vector of the second control point; And (f) machining the insert based on the NC code associated with the edge grinding and the NC code associated with the corner grinding.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an insert machining apparatus including: a parameter determining unit for determining a design-related parameter of an insert based on a user input; Determining a position vector and a normal vector of a first control point for a plurality of edge grinding based on the design related parameter and determining a position vector and a normal vector of a second control point for a plurality of corner grinding based on the design related parameter A vector decision unit; Calculating an NC code associated with a plurality of edge grinding operations based on a position vector and a normal vector of the first control point and calculating an NC code associated with a plurality of corner grinding operations based on a position vector and a normal vector of the second control point An NC code operation unit; And a machining portion for machining the insert based on the NC code associated with the edge grinding and the NC code associated with the corner grinding.

As a technical means for achieving the above technical object, a computer program according to the third aspect of the present invention may be stored in a recording medium for executing the insert machining method according to the first aspect of the present application.

The above-described task solution is merely exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present disclosure. In addition to the exemplary embodiments described above, there may be additional embodiments in the drawings and the detailed description of the invention.

According to the above-described task solution of the present invention, it is possible to provide a comprehensive model for CAM software development for designing, manufacturing and visualizing indexable inserts.

According to the above-described task solution of the present invention, an indexable insert can be designed with a minimum of user input.

According to the above-described task solution of the present invention, the user can observe the generated contour surface, check possible collisions between the machine parts, and verify the generated NC code.

However, the effects obtainable here are not limited to the effects as described above, and other effects may exist.

1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an insert machining apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 2 shows the basic components of an indexable insert.
Figure 3 is a diagram showing the corner type of a square insert.
4 is a view showing a generalized cutting edge shape of an indexable insert for explaining a cutting edge design method of an insert in an insert machining apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
5 is a view for explaining a method of determining a grinding point in an insert machining apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
6 is a view for explaining a method of determining an outline surface generated in an insert machining apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
7 is a view for explaining the change of the corner shape according to the variation of the allowance angle distribution in the insert machining apparatus according to the embodiment of the present application.
8 is a view showing a mechanical structure of a four-axis CNC grinder used for insert grinding in an insert machining apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
9 is a view showing an example of an interface for inputting design parameters of an indexable insert in an insert machining apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
10 is a schematic flow diagram for illustrating a tool path generation method for cutting edges and corners of an indexable insert in an insert machining apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application;
11 is a diagram schematically illustrating a flow of a simulation process by an insert machining apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
12 is a diagram showing an example of an output screen of a simulation displayed by an insert machining apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
13 is a schematic flow diagram illustrating an insert machining method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can easily carry out the present invention. It should be understood, however, that the present invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. In the drawings, the same reference numbers are used throughout the specification to refer to the same or like parts.

Throughout this specification, when an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it is intended to be understood that it is not only "directly connected" but also "electrically connected" or "indirectly connected" "Is included.

It will be appreciated that throughout the specification it will be understood that when a member is located on another member "top", "top", "under", "bottom" But also the case where there is another member between the two members as well as the case where they are in contact with each other.

Throughout this specification, when an element is referred to as "including " an element, it is understood that the element may include other elements as well, without departing from the other elements unless specifically stated otherwise.

The present invention relates to an insert processing apparatus and method that provides a comprehensive model for CAM software development for the design, manufacture and visualization of inserts (particularly indexable inserts). To this end, we propose a model of indexable inserts that can be designed with design parameters. In addition, the present application proposes a method for determining a generated contour (lateral) surface of an insert based on differential geometry. The present invention also proposes a post processor for converting acquired data into NC codes of a four-axis CNC grinder. In addition, we propose a flow of tool path planning and propose a diagram related to the developed CAM software.

1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an insert machining apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1, an insert machining apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a parameter determining unit 110, a vector determining unit 120, an NC code calculating unit 130, and a machining unit 140 have.

In brief, the parameter determination unit 110 can determine the design-related parameters of the insert based on the user input. Here, the design-related parameters can be determined using a predefined design model for each design type of the insert. In addition, the design types include 'r-type' in which each corner of the insert is rounded, 'Lr-type' in which each corner of the insert is chamfered and rounded from the left, and each corner of the insert is chamfered in the right direction And a 'rL-type' rounded, and a more detailed description will be given later. Also, the insert may be an indexable insert.

Also, the user input may be input through a graphical user interface (GUI). The user input may include information about the number of edges, the radius of the inscribed circle, the distance from the center to the chamfered edge, the margin at the chamfered edge, and the rounding radius at the corner. In the present invention, it is possible to design inserts by inputting minimum parameters without inputting all the parameters required for the conventional insert design. A detailed description will be given later.

The vector determination unit 120 can determine the position vector and the normal vector of the first control point for a plurality of edge grinding based on the determined design related parameter. In addition, the vector determination unit 120 can determine the position vector and the normal vector of the second control point for a plurality of corner grinding based on the determined design-related parameters.

Here, the first control point may be set to an intersection of each edge and an altitude vector defined from the center of the insert to each edge in the respective edges. Further, a plurality of second control points may be set for each corner.

In addition, the position vector and the normal vector for the first control point may be set to satisfy Equation (3) described below, and the position vector and the normal vector for the second control point may be set to satisfy Equation (4) described later. In addition, m + 1 second control points may be included in the i-th corner, and polar angles between adjacent position vectors of m + 1 second control points in the i-th corner may be set to satisfy Equation (20) . At this time, various conditions for providing a more complete model required in designing and manufacturing the indexable insert proposed in the present application, namely, setting conditions of the position vector and the normal vector for the first control point and the second control point, And the polar angle setting conditions between the position vectors to be set are described later in more detail.

The NC code calculating unit 130 can calculate an NC code associated with a plurality of edge grinding based on the position vector and the normal vector of the first control point determined by the vector determining unit 120. [ The NC code calculating unit 130 can calculate an NC code associated with a plurality of corner grinding operations based on the position vector of the second control point determined by the vector determining unit 120 and the normal vector.

The machining unit 140 can process the insert based on the NC code associated with the edge grinding calculated through the NC code calculating unit 130 and the NC code associated with the corner grinding.

In addition, the insert processing apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a display control unit 150. [ The display control unit 150 can display the insert-related process simulation information through rendering based on the NC code. That is, the display control unit 150 can visualize the designed insert. This allows the user to observe the contour surface created for the designed insert, to check possible collisions between the machine parts, and to verify the generated NC code. A more detailed description follows.

[1. Geometric Model]

Figure 2 shows the basic components of an indexable insert.

Referring to FIG. 2, an indexable insert having a thickness t is basically composed of a contour surface formed by sliding a grinding wheel along a cutting edge and an upper surface defining a cutting edge face. In designing the indexable insert, the cutting edge is first defined, and then the clearance angle alpha is designated at each point along the cutting edge. Hereinafter, a design model for an indexable insert will be described. In addition, the automatic design model proposed by the present invention for designing a standard indexable insert with a minimum of user input will be described.

[1.1. Design model of indexable insert]

Figure 3 is a diagram showing the corner type of a square insert. Particularly, FIG. 3A shows a square type, FIG. 3B shows an r-type, FIG. 3C shows an Lr-type and FIG. 3D shows an rL-type.

Referring to Figure 3, the indexable inserts are classified according to the shape of the cutting edge. It basically includes various shapes such as regular polygon, diamond, parallelogram, triangular, pentagon, octagon and the like. In the following description, the indexable insert has a regular polygonal shape. However, the insert machining method of the present invention can be applied to the insert forming process of the various shapes.

For example, three types of inserts can be extended from a square shape as in Fig. 3 (a). That is, 'r-type' can be made as shown in FIG. 3 (b) by rounding the basic shape of each corner. 'Lr-type' can be made as shown in FIG. 3 (c) by chamfering the left side and then rounding each corner. 'rL-type' can be made as shown in FIG. 3 (d) by chamfering the right side and then rounding each corner.

On the other hand, observations of commercial indexable inserts available on the market show that the cutting edge is represented as a combination of line segments and arc segments (i.e., arcs). Accordingly, the present invention proposes a method of designing a cutting edge of an insert as shown in Fig.

FIG. 4 is a view illustrating a generalized cutting edge shape of an indexable insert for explaining a method of designing a cutting edge of an insert in the insert machining apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to Fig. 4, the point O _w can be selected as the origin of the workpiece coordinate system OXYZ _{w on} the upper surface including the cutting edge.

Assuming that the cutting edge has n segment segments, this can be regarded as a set of n edges and a set of n arc segments. Here, the i-th edge can be defined by the following equation (1).

[Equation 1]

는 벡터 d _i 와 기준선(즉, 축 Z_w) 사이의 각(달리 말해, 절삭 날에서의 점을 결정하기 위한 극각),

는 i 번째 엣지에서의 여유 각을 나타낸다.Where d _i is the distance from the center O _w to the i-th edge of the insert,

(In other words, a polar angle to determine a point at the cutting edge) between the vector d _i and the baseline (i.e., the axis Z _w )

Represents an allowance angle at the i-th edge.

The i-th arc (i.e., corner) of the cutting edge can be formed by the rounding operation of two successive edges, and since the ith and (i + 1) th radii have radius r _i , Can be defined as Equation (2).

&Quot; (2) "

는

에서

까지 부드럽게 변할 수 있다. 또한, 여유 각의 분포인

는 윤곽 표면을 형성하는데 중요한 역할을 할 수 있다.Here,

The

in

Can be smoothly changed. In addition,

Can play an important role in forming contour surfaces.

에 대한 입력이 요구된다. 그러나, 본원은 하기 표 1과 같이 기 정의된 정보에 기초하여, 최소한의 설계 파라미터가 있을 때 파라미터

가 자동으로 할당되는 인서트의 자동 설계 모델을 제공할 수 있다.Based on the above equations (1) and (2), in the case of a generalized insert shape, all parameters

Lt; / RTI > However, based on the predefined information as shown in Table 1 below, the present inventors have found that when there is a minimum design parameter,

Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > automatically < / RTI >

For example, when designing an insert of a k-regular polygon (that is, a polygon having a k edge), we select the center (origin) O _w of the insert coincident with the center of the k- You can define an automated design model for three types of geometry.

[Table 1]

는 모따기 된 엣지에서의 여유 각을 나타낸다.In Table 1, k represents the number of edges of a regular polygonal insert, and k may be 3 or more. I represents an i-th edge, i represents 1, 2, ... , k. Also, R _ic represents the radius of the inscribed circle, and d _L represents the distance from the chamfered edge to O _w . Also,

Represents the clearance angle at the chamfered edge.

, 코너 r 에서의 라운딩 반경이 포함될 수 있다. 이와 동일한 방법을 통해, 다른 인덱서블 인서트 유형의 자동 설계가 설정될 수 있다.That is, to the input of the minimum number is for the provision of automated design model (or definition) otherwise (with associated inserts that may be received from the other words, the user design parameter), the inscribed circle radius R _ic, the origin (or center) O _w The distance from the edge to the chamfered edge d _L , the margin angle at the main edge and chamfered edge

, And a rounding radius at corner r. By the same method, an automatic design of another indexable insert type can be set.

In other words, the parameter determination unit 110 determines the number of edges, the inscribed circle radius, the distance from the center to the chamfered edge, the allowance angle in the chamfered edge, and the rounding radius related information in the corner as minimum design parameter information from the user Input can be received. Based on these user inputs, the parameter determination unit 110 can determine the design parameters for the insert machining based on the automatic design model predefined for each design type of the inserts in Table 1.

[1.2. The geometry of the grinding points along the cutting edge]

One of the solutions in the toolpath planning to machining the contour surface of the insert is to continuously process each line and arc segment using a tangential grinding method. To do this, the position vector of the contour surface and the normal vector should be determined at the control point along the cutting edge. This can be more easily understood with reference to FIG.

5 is a view for explaining a method of determining a grinding point in an insert machining apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. 5 is a schematic view (a) for grinding and grinding an outline surface using a flat end face of a wheel and a notation (b) for a contour surface to be machined .

5, during the grinding process, a common contact line (contact) is formed between the end face (or cross-section) of the grinding wheel and the contour surface to be machined (to be machined) line PK. The tangential grinding principle can be used to determine the engagement (or engagement) between the grinding wheel and the workpiece. This principle has a contact point (contact) P in the cutting edge, and the normal vector of the plane and contour surface of the grinding wheel is in-line.

Herein, in grinding the i-th edge, M _i , which is the altitude route from the center (origin) O _w to each line segment, can be selected as the control point. The position vector and the normal vector of the control point M _i can be defined by the following equation (3). Here, M _i selected as a control point may mean the first control point described above. Accordingly, the position vector and the normal vector for the first control point can be expressed by the following equation (3).

&Quot; (3) "

는 제어점 M_i의 위치(달리 말해, i 번째 엣지의 제1 제어점에 대한 위치 벡터)를 나타내고,

는 제어점 M_i의 법선 벡터(달리 말해, i 번째 엣지의 제1 제어점에 대한 법선 벡터)를 나타낸다.here,

The control point M _i represents the position of (in other words, the position vector for the first control point of the i-th edge),

Represents the normal vector of the control point M _i (in other words, the normal vector to the first control point of the i-th edge).

와 관련하여 정의될 수 있다. 그러므로, 점 P에서 윤곽 표면의 위치와 법선 벡터는 하기 수학식 4와 같이 정의될 수 있다. 여기서, 점 P는 앞서 설명한 제2 제어점을 의미할 수 있다. 따라서 달리 표현하여 제2 제어점에 대한 윤곽 표면의 위치 벡터 및 법선 벡터는 하기 수학식 4를 만족할 수 있다.On the other hand, when grinding the i < th > arc segment,

. ≪ / RTI > Therefore, the position of the contour surface at point P and the normal vector can be defined by the following equation (4). Here, the point P may mean the second control point described above. Accordingly, the position vector and the normal vector of the outline surface with respect to the second control point may satisfy the following equation (4).

&Quot; (4) "

일 수 있다.Here, r _P is the position of the contour surface with respect to the second control point (in other words, the position vector with respect to the second control point of the i-th corner), n _P is the normal vector of the contour surface with respect to the second control point R _i is the nose radius at the i-th corner, and d _i is the distance from the center of the insert to the i-th edge. In Equation 4,

Lt; / RTI >

According to this, the vector determining unit 120 can determine the position vector and the normal vector of the first control point for a plurality of edge grinding based on Equation (3) and calculate the position vector and the normal vector for a plurality of corner grinding The position vector and the normal vector of the second control point can be determined.

On the other hand, the combination of the grinding wheel using the tangential grinding method and the designed insert can be expressed by the following equation (5).

&Quot; (5) "

The positions and normal vectors of the contour surface at the grinding points along the cutting edge in equations (3) and (4) can serve as a basis for the calculation of the contour surface to be described later and NC code generation.

[2. Determination of the generated corner surface]

It can be said that it is essential to determine the generated contour surface of the insert. This allows the user to observe the created shape of the insert, even though the actual machining operation is not performed, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost. Traditionally, this task could be completed by applying Boolean difference of the tool swept volume from the stock using commercial software, which is a very expensive and time-consuming process . Therefore, in this paper, we propose a method to directly determine the contour surface generated from the normal vector and the position of the contour surface determined at the grinding point along the cutting edge. This can be more easily understood with reference to FIG.

6 is a view for explaining a method of determining an outline surface generated in an insert machining apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. 6 (a), the grinding wheel is tangentially tilted along the cutting edge in order to machine the insert, while in Fig. 6 (b) In Fig. 6 (c), a contact line can be formed when two adjacent (adjacent) planes passing through the grinding point approach each other.

Referring to FIG. 6, a corner surface as shown in FIG. 6 (a) can be formed by sliding the grinding wheel tangentially along the cutting edge. At this time, since the end face (or cross section) of the grinding wheel is flat, the formed corner face may be a deployable surface created as a plane (i. E., A wheel cross section) of a single family well known in differential geometry.

에서

까지 부드럽게 변화되고 있다고 가정하자. 이때, 위치 벡터 r _p 와 법선 벡터 n _p 를 갖는 현재 연삭점 P는, 하기 수학식6과 같이 정의된 평면

에 의해 연삭될 수 있다.the corner between the i-th edge and the (i + 1) -th edge is being ground, and the margin angle is along the corner

in

Let's assume that it is changing smoothly. At this time, the current grinding point P having the position vector r _p and the normal vector n _p is expressed by the following equation

As shown in Fig.

&Quot; (6) "

(

)의 엔벨로프(envelop)로 형성될 수 있다.The generated corner surface has a flat surface

(

As shown in FIG.

가 0에 가까워짐에 따라 두 평면

와

의 교차 지점이라 할 수 있다. 다시 말해, 접촉선(

)은 하기 수학식 7과 같이 표현되는 1차 미분 평면

와 평면

의 교차에 의하여 결정될 수 있다.Further, as shown in Fig. 6 (b), as shown in Fig. 6 (c)

Becomes close to zero,

Wow

. In other words,

) ≪ / RTI > is a first derivative plane < RTI ID = 0.0 >

And flat

As shown in FIG.

&Quot; (7) "

또한 점 P를 통과하고, 그 법선이 하기 수학식 8과 같이 정의되는 벡터

임을 유의해야 할 필요가 있다.Here,

And passes through the point P and its normal line is defined as a vector

It is necessary to note that

&Quot; (8) "

Direction of the contact line PK vector (n _PK) is to be determined as shown in equation (9).

&Quot; (9) "

At this time, the position vector of the end point K of the contact line can be determined as shown in Equation (10).

&Quot; (10) "

,

,

의 교차 지점일 수 있으며, 그렇지 않으면

는

일 수 있다. 여기서, 평면

는 하기 수학식 11과 같이 결정될 수 있다.However, in order to determine the position of the end point K, it is necessary to calculate the edge of the regression K ₁ defined by the envelope curve generated by the family of contact lines PK. In other words, K ₁ is a plane

,

,

Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 >

The

Lt; / RTI > Here,

Can be determined as shown in Equation (11).

&Quot; (11) "

는 하기 수학식 12를 만족할 수 있다.here,

(12) "

&Quot; (12) "

가 항상

와 같이 정의된 고정점(fixed point)을 통과한다는 것을 알 수 있다.According to this,

Always

And a fixed point defined as shown in FIG.

에 대한 수학식 11은 하기 수학식 13과 같이 달리 표현될 수 있다.Therefore,

Can be expressed differently as shown in Equation (13). &Quot; (13) "

&Quot; (13) "

Therefore, the position of the point K ₁ can be calculated by the following equation (14).

&Quot; (14) "

If this regression point exists and is elevated inside the workpiece space, the point K can coincide with the point K ₁ , otherwise it can be placed on the floor surface. Then, the y-component (y-component) of the position vector of the point K can be obtained by the following equation (15).

&Quot; (15) "

는 상기 수학식 14를 통해 계산될 수 있다.here,

Can be calculated through Equation (14).

By substituting the y-component obtained through equation (15) into equation (10), the coefficient I _scale can be found based on determining the position of point K.

In fact, the crystal of the corner surface can be said to be the process of determining the contact line.

의 분포 함수에 의존함을 알 수 있다. 여유 각

의 분포 함수를 통해 코너 형상의 변화를 관찰하기 위해, 다음의 예를 사용하여 그 원리를 설명하기로 한다. 이는 도 7을 참조하여 보다 쉽게 이해될 수 있다.From equations (6) to (15), it can be seen that the shape of the corner is smaller than the allowance angle

And the distribution function of the distribution. Allowance angle

In order to observe the change in the shape of the corners through the distribution function of the surface, the following example will be used to explain the principle. This can be more easily understood with reference to FIG.

7 is a view for explaining the change of the corner shape according to the variation of the allowance angle distribution in the insert machining apparatus according to the embodiment of the present application. More specifically, Fig. 7 (a) shows an example of the allowance angle changing linearly, and Fig. 7 (b) shows an example of the allowance angle varying according to the quadratic function.

Referring to FIG. 7, for example, two inserts may be designed with the geometric parameters as shown in Table 2 below. Table 2 shows the common design parameters of the two inserts. The only difference between the two inserts is the distribution of the allowance angle at the corners.

[Table 2]

에서

)를 가질 수 있다.In particular, the clearance angle in the first insert can change linearly along the cutting edge at the corner as shown in Fig. 7 (a). As shown in Fig. 7 (b), the allowance angle in the second insert is a quadratic distribution

in

).

To estimate the result, the radial angle at each corner can be equally divided into 11 points and 10 segments, respectively.

The contact line is calculated at each of the sampling points using Equations 6 to 15, and the contour surface can be formed by successively tiling all the contact lines as shown in Fig. As a result, the effect of the distribution function on the outline surface or shape can be observed.

[Post-Processor for NC code generation for 4-axis CNC grinding machine]

Hereinafter, the post processor proposed in the present invention for converting derived data and machine structure into actual NC codes for use in a four-axis CNC grinder will be described. This can be more easily understood with reference to Fig.

8 is a view showing a mechanical structure of a four-axis CNC grinder used for insert grinding in an insert machining apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to Fig. 8, suppose, for example, that a fixed coordinate system OXYZ _m is attached to the machine as shown in Fig.

에 위치할 수 있다.The insert permits two linear motions X and Y respectively along axis X _m and axis Y _m and two rotational motions B and C respectively along axis Y _m and axis Z _m . If there is no movement, the wheel center (center) is the primary point of the machine's coordinate system,

Lt; / RTI >

The work (workpiece) has the axis of rotation of the B can be passed through the center O of the work _w, and held by the clamping system (clamping system) is the axis of rotation of the C to away LC with respect to the center O of the workpiece _w. The direction of the grinding wheel can always be fixed in the negative direction of the axis X _m . Further, from the combination of the grinding wheel and the workpiece via equation (5), the wheel orientation at the current grinding point and the normal of the contour surface may always be inline.

Thus, during the grinding of the point P in the cutting edge, the workpiece is rotated about the axis Y _m and the axis Z _m , respectively, so that the angles B and C are respectively rotated about the axis Y _m and the axis Z _m to check whether the normal vector n _p coincides with the negative direction of the axis X _m can do. The values of these two angles can be determined as shown in Equation (16).

&Quot; (16) "

As a result of these two pivoting movements, the grinding point P defined in the workpiece coordinate system can occupy a new position in the machine coordinate system. Accordingly, the position of the grinding point on the grinding wheel can be determined by the following equation (17).

&Quot; (17) "

Here, M _B and M _C represent rotation matrices related to Y _m and Z _m , respectively, which can be expressed by the following equation (18).

&Quot; (18) "

에 위치한 연삭 점 P_m을 지정하기 위해 휠은 XY 평면에서, 초기 위치에서 현재 연삭 위치로 이동할 수 있다. 따라서, 절대 모드에서 설계된 4축 CNC의 NC 방정식은 하기 수학식 19와 같이 결정될 수 있다.The desired distance from the center of the grinding wheel G R _P

The wheel can move from the initial position to the current grinding position, in the XY plane, to designate the grinding point P _m located in the wheel. Therefore, the NC equation of the four-axis CNC designed in the absolute mode can be determined by the following equation (19).

&Quot; (19) "

In this case, the plus / minus sign in equation (19) may correspond to the use of the left side or the right side of the end face (or end face) of the wheel for machining the grinding point.

[4. Software Implementation]

Hereinafter, an example of development of CAM software capable of grinding an insert based on the previously developed model will be described. This can be more easily understood with reference to Figs. 9 and 10. Fig.

9 is a view showing an example of an interface for inputting design parameters of an indexable insert in an insert machining apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of an interface through which an insert-related design parameter can be input from a user. 10 is a schematic flow chart for explaining a tool path generation method for cutting edges and corners of an indexable insert in an insert machining apparatus according to one embodiment of the present application.

Referring to FIG. 9, as an interface for user input applied to the insert machining apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, a graphical user interface (GUI) developed in MATLAB, GUI) can be applied.

The parameter determination unit 110 of the insert processing apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention can determine the design related parameters of the insert based on the user input. In other words, the insert machining apparatus 100 can receive minimum insert design related parameters from the user via the interface. Specifically, the parameter determination unit 110 can receive the minimum parameter values (i.e., the design parameters described in the item 1.1 above) related to the insert design from the user, and can determine the design-related parameters of the insert based on the input. Examples of the design related parameters determined at this time will be described later. The parameter determination unit 110 can also determine machine setting (e.g., machine datum, wheel shape, intended grinding point radius, offset of the C-axis of rotation) information.

Further, the insert machining apparatus 100 can select (or set or select) a predetermined number of points along the cutting edge as control points after user input is made. NC files and simulators can be generated as outputs. In addition, the grinding process by the insert machining apparatus 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention can be divided into two processes, and the two processes may include an edge grinding process and a corner grinding process. The tool path generation method for the two processes may be as shown in FIG.

, 노우즈 반경(nose radius) r_i, 여유 각(clearance angle)

, 인서트 두께 t 관한 정보가 포함될 수 있다.10, the dtj parameter determination unit 110 of the insert processing apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention determines the insert design related parameters based on the minimum design parameters input by the user described above (Define Design parameters) (S1001). At this time, the determined design related parameters include the number of edges n, the edge position,

The nose radius r _i , the clearance angle,

, And insert thickness t.

정보가 포함되고, 휠 형상으로서 휠 파라미터(Wheel parameters) R_max와 R_min 정보가 포함되고, 연삭 반경(grinding point radius) R_P 정보가 포함되고, 회전 축 Lc의 오프셋(offset of rotation center Lc) 정보가 포함될 수 있다.In addition, the parameter determination unit 110 can determine the machine setting information based on the user input (S1002). Here, the machine setting information includes a primary point as a mechanical datum,

Wheel parameters R_max and R_min information are included as wheel shapes, grinding point radius R _P information is included, and information of an offset of rotation center Lc is included .

After the determination of the design-related parameters and the machine setting are determined, the vector determination unit 120 of the insert processing apparatus 100 can determine the position vector and the normal vector for the first control point and the second control point. Further, the NC code calculating unit 130 calculates an NC code associated with a plurality of edge grinding based on the position vector and the normal vector of the first control point, and calculates an NC code based on the position vector and the normal vector of the second control point, And the NC code associated with the NC code.

를 만족할 수 있다.Specifically, after step S1002, the insert machining apparatus 100 can set a first control point for edge grinding (S1003). Here, i represents the number of edges, and the first control point can be set to the intersection M _i between altitudes defined from the center (origin) O _w to the corresponding edge, as described above. Here, the edge i is

Can be satisfied.

The insert machining apparatus 100 can determine the position of the grinding point r _Mi at the control point and the normal vector n _Mi at step S1005 if i is 1 at step S1004, Can be obtained by Equation (3). Then, the NC code can be calculated (Calculate NC code) immediately after the position at the control point and the normal vector are determined (S1006). In step S1006, X, Y, B, and C related information may be calculated as an NC code, which can be calculated through the above-described equations (16) to (19). The NC code calculated in step S1006 can be stored in an NC file in a storage unit (not shown).

Next, the insert machining apparatus 100 can confirm whether i is smaller than n (S1007). At this time, if i is smaller than n (S1007-Y), i may be incremented by 1 (S1008) and then step S1005 may be performed again. Steps S1005 to S1008 can be repeatedly performed until i becomes n. If i is not smaller than n (S1007-N), in other words, when i is n, a setting for corner grinding can be prepared (S1009).

In performing the corner grinding, first, in step S1010, a precision m that greatly affects the cutting performance of the insert and the tolerance of the machined part can be defined.

)으로 설정(또는 선택)될 수 있다. 이때의 제어점은 앞서 설명한 제2 제어점을 의미할 수 있다. 표면의 거칠기는 주로 제2 제어점의 수와 분포에 의존된다. 즉 제2 제어점의 수와 분포에 따라 표면의 거칠기가 결정된다. 이러한 제2 제어점에 대한 m-점이 해당 코너에 균등하게 분배되어 있을 때, 점 P _ij 의 위치를 결정하기 위해 사용되는 반경 각(radial angle)은 하기 수학식 20과 같이 결정될 수 있다.When grinding the i-th corner ( r _i > 0), the m + 1 point at the corner is the control point (ie,

(Or selected). The control point at this time may mean the second control point described above. The surface roughness mainly depends on the number and distribution of the second control points. The surface roughness is determined according to the number and distribution of the second control points. When the m-point for this second control point is evenly distributed to the corner, the radial angle used to determine the position of the point P _ij can be determined as: < EMI ID = 20.0 >

&Quot; (20) "

이고, j는

이다.Here, i is

And j is

to be.

As the radius of gyration is determined by the expression (20), the grinding on the control point P _ij at the corner can be performed.

Specifically, the insert processing apparatus 100 is an i is 1 (S1011), if j is 1 (S1012), the grinding point at the corresponding control point (Grinding point) locations and normal to the r _Pij vector (Normal Vector) n _Pij (S1013), which can be obtained by Equation (4). Thereafter, in step S1014, the NC code may be calculated (NC code). At this time, in step S1014, the X, Y, B, and C related information can be calculated as the NC code, which can be calculated through the above-described equations (16) to (19). The NC code calculated in step S1014 may be stored in a storage unit (not shown) as an NC file.

Next, the insert machining apparatus 100 can confirm whether j is smaller than m (S1015). At this time, if j is smaller than m (S1015-Y), j is incremented by 1 (S1016), and then step S1013 is performed again. Steps S1013 to S1016 may be repeatedly performed until j becomes m. If j is not smaller than m (S1015-N), in other words, if j is m, the insert machining apparatus 100 can check whether i is smaller than n (S1017). At this time, if i is smaller than n (S1017-Y), i may be incremented by 1 (S1018) and then step S1012 may be performed again. If i is not smaller than n (S1017-N), in other words, when i is n, the insert machining apparatus 100 may terminate the generation procedure of the tool path for edge grinding and corner grinding of the insert. The machining unit 140 can perform the grinding process and the edge process of the insert based on the NC code calculated through the flow of Fig. 10, thereby generating the machined insert.

Meanwhile, the simulator proposed by the present invention can be developed based on the proposed model, and for example, the programming language C ++ and the OpenGL library can be used. In addition, the simulator has two main components: machine parts designed using commercial CAD software, an NC file, and a generated workpiece boundary (i.e., a top surface, which is a set of points P _i obtained by two items, A bottom surface that is a set of points K _i and an outline surface that is a set of contact lines P _i K _i ). This can be more easily understood with reference to FIG.

11 is a diagram schematically illustrating a flow of a simulation process by an insert machining apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. In other words, Fig. 11 is a diagram showing the operational flow of the simulator developed by the present application.

Referring to FIG. 11, the insert machining apparatus 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention may operate as follows for simulation related to insert design and manufacture. Here, when performing the simulation, the triangular mesh file of the machine parts (STL file) and the calculated workpiece boundary and NC file can be considered.

The insert machining apparatus 100 may read the machine setting information in step S1101 (Read Machine setting). Then, in step S1102, the machine parts and the workpiece may be initially rendered at the reference position (which means the home position of the CNC grinder). Next, the insert machining apparatus 100 reads the NC coil file line by line (Interpolate the NC code, S1104), and reads the NC code file (S1103). Thereafter, the insert machining apparatus 100 may render machine parts and workpieces at the interpolated current position (Render at current position, S1105). Next, in step S1106, it can be confirmed whether or not it is the last NC code. At this time, step S1106 is performed when the NC code is not the last NC code (S1106-N), and Finish the siulayion process (S1107) when the NC code is the last NC code (S1106-Y).

12 is a diagram showing an example of an output screen of a simulation displayed by the insert machining apparatus 100 according to the embodiment of the present application.

Referring to FIG. 12, the display control unit 150 of the insert processing apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention can display simulation-related information about an insert processed through rendering based on an NC code as shown in FIG. 12 have.

For example, the display control unit 150 can visualize a machine body, a grinding wheel, a machined workpiece, or a clamping sysem on the screen. have. Through the display control 150, the present invention allows the user to observe the contour surface created for the designed insert, to check possible conflicts between the machine parts, and to verify the generated NC code Can

This application provides an easy and efficient method for the development of a CAM system for manufacturing indexable inserts. To do this, we propose a design model of indexable inserts. We also propose a method for determining the contact line between the workpiece and the grinding wheel, and propose a model for workpiece representation of indexable inserts. Also, the present invention proposes a post processor for NC code generation of a 4-axis CNC grinder.

Hereinafter, the operation flow of the present invention will be briefly described based on the details described above.

13 is a schematic flow diagram illustrating an insert machining method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The insert machining method shown in Fig. 13 can be performed by the insert machining apparatus 100 described above. Therefore, the contents described with respect to the insert machining apparatus 100 can be similarly applied to the description of the insert machining method.

Referring to Fig. 13, an insert machining method according to an embodiment of the present invention may determine a design related parameter of an insert based on a user input in step S1310.

Here, the design-related parameters can be determined using a predefined design model for each design type of the insert. In addition, the design type includes 'r-type' which rounds each corner of the insert, 'Lr-type' which rounds each corner of the insert in the left direction and rounds each corner of the insert in the right direction, Quot; rL-type ".

Also, in step S1310, the user input may include the number of edges, the radius of the inscribed circle, the distance from the center to the chamfered edge, the margin angle at the chamfered edge, and the rounding radius at the corner.

Next, in step S1320, the position vector and the normal vector of the first control point for a plurality of edge grinding can be determined based on the design-related parameters determined in step S1310.

At this time, the first control point can be set to an intersection of each edge and an altitude vector defined from the center of the insert to each edge in the respective edges. In addition, the position vector and the normal vector for the first control point may satisfy Equation (3).

Next, in step S1330, an NC code associated with a plurality of edge grinding can be calculated based on the position vector and the normal vector of the first control point determined in step S1320.

Next, in step S1340, the position vector and the normal vector of the second control point for a plurality of corner grinding can be determined based on the design-related parameters determined in step S1310.

At this time, a plurality of second control points may be set for each corner. In addition, the position vector and the normal vector for the second control point may satisfy Equation (4).

The i-th corner may include m + 1 second control points, and the polar angle between adjacent position vectors of m + 1 second control points in the i-th corner may satisfy Equation (20) Can be set.

Next, in step S1350, an NC code associated with a plurality of corner grinding can be calculated based on the position vector and the normal vector of the second control point determined in step S1340.

Next, in step S1360, the insert can be machined on the basis of the NC code associated with the edge grinding and the NC code associated with the corner grinding.

13, the insert machining method according to an embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that the NC code associated with the previously calculated edge grinding and the simulation for the insert processed through the rendering based on the NC code associated with the corner grinding And displaying the information.

In the above description, steps S1310 and S1360 may be further divided into further steps or combined into fewer steps, according to embodiments of the present disclosure. Also, some of the steps may be omitted as necessary, and the order between the steps may be changed.

The method of processing inserts according to one embodiment of the present invention may be implemented in the form of program instructions that may be executed through various computer means and recorded on a computer readable medium. The computer-readable medium may include program instructions, data files, data structures, and the like, alone or in combination. The program instructions recorded on the medium may be those specially designed and configured for the present invention or may be available to those skilled in the art of computer software. Examples of computer-readable media include magnetic media such as hard disks, floppy disks and magnetic tape; optical media such as CD-ROMs and DVDs; magnetic media such as floppy disks; Magneto-optical media, and hardware devices specifically configured to store and execute program instructions such as ROM, RAM, flash memory, and the like. Examples of program instructions include machine language code such as those produced by a compiler, as well as high-level language code that can be executed by a computer using an interpreter or the like. The hardware devices described above may be configured to operate as one or more software modules to perform the operations of the present invention, and vice versa.

The above-described method of processing an insert may also be implemented in the form of a computer program or an application executed by a computer stored in a recording medium.

It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the foregoing description of the embodiments is for illustrative purposes and that those skilled in the art can easily modify the invention without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. It is therefore to be understood that the above-described embodiments are illustrative in all aspects and not restrictive. For example, each component described as a single entity may be distributed and implemented, and components described as being distributed may also be implemented in a combined form.

The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the detailed description, and all changes or modifications derived from the meaning and scope of the claims and their equivalents should be construed as being included within the scope of the present invention.

100: Insert machining device
110:
120: vector determination unit
130: NC code operating section
140:
150:

Claims (13)

In the insert machining method,
(a) determining a design related parameter of an insert based on a user input;
(b) determining a position vector and a normal vector of a first control point for a plurality of edge grinding based on the design related parameter;
(c) computing an NC code associated with a plurality of edge grinding based on a position vector and a normal vector of the first control point;
(d) determining a position vector and a normal vector of a second control point for a plurality of corner grinding based on the design related parameter;
(e) computing an NC code associated with a plurality of corner grinding based on a position vector and a normal vector of the second control point; And
(f) machining the insert based on the NC code associated with the edge grinding and the NC code associated with the corner grinding,
/ RTI > The method according to claim 1,
In the step (a), the design-related parameter is determined using a predefined design model for the design type of the insert,
The design type includes an 'r-type' in which each corner of the insert is rounded, an 'Lr-type' in which each corner of the insert is chamfered and rounded from the left side, and each corner of the insert is chamfered and rounded < RTI ID = 0.0 > rL-type. < / RTI > The method according to claim 1,
Wherein in the step (a), the user input includes a number of edges, an inscribed circle radius, a distance from the center to the chamfered edge, an allowance angle at the chamfered edge, and a rounding radius at the corner. The method according to claim 1,
The first control point is set to an intersection of each edge and an altitude vector defined from the center of the insert to each edge of the insert,
Wherein a plurality of the second control points are set for each of the corners. 5. The method of claim 4,
The position vector and the normal vector for the first control point satisfy the following equation (1)
[Equation 1]

Is the position vector for the first control point of the i < th > edge,

Is the normal vector to the first control point of the i-th edge, d _i is the distance from the center of the insert to the i-th edge,

Is the polar angle between the reference line and d _i,

Represents an allowance angle at the i < th > edge,
The position vector and the normal vector for the second control point satisfy the following equation (2)
&Quot; (2) "

r _P is the position vector for the second control point of the i th corner, n _P is the normal vector for the second control point of the i th corner, r _i is the nose radius at the i th corner, d _i is the i th The distance to the edge,

Is a polar angle between the baseline and the < _RTI ID = 0.0 > d _{i. &} Lt; / RTI > 6. The method of claim 5,
the i-th corner includes m + 1 second control points,
the polar angle between the adjacent position vectors of the m + 1 second control points of the i-th corner is set to satisfy the following equation (3)
&Quot; (3) "

here,

,

/ RTI > of the insert. In the insert processing apparatus,
A parameter determination unit for determining a design-related parameter of the insert based on the user input;
Determining a position vector and a normal vector of a first control point for a plurality of edge grinding based on the design related parameter and determining a position vector and a normal vector of a second control point for a plurality of corner grinding based on the design related parameter A vector decision unit;
Calculating an NC code associated with a plurality of edge grinding operations based on a position vector and a normal vector of the first control point and calculating an NC code associated with a plurality of corner grinding operations based on a position vector and a normal vector of the second control point An NC code operation unit; And
A machining portion for machining an insert based on an NC code associated with the edge grinding and an NC code associated with the corner grinding,
. 8. The method of claim 7,
Wherein the parameter determination unit determines the design related parameter using a predefined design model for each design type of the insert,
The design type includes an 'r-type' in which each corner of the insert is rounded, an 'Lr-type' in which each corner of the insert is chamfered and rounded from the left side, and each corner of the insert is chamfered and rounded < RTI ID = 0.0 > rL-type. < / RTI > 8. The method of claim 7,
Wherein the user input comprises a number of edges, an inscribed circle radius, a distance from the center to the chamfered edge, an allowance angle at the chamfered edge, and a rounding radius at the corner. 8. The method of claim 7,
The first control point is set to an intersection of each edge and an altitude vector defined from the center of the insert to each edge of the insert,
And the second control points are set a plurality of times for the respective corners. 11. The method of claim 10,
The position vector and the normal vector for the first control point satisfy the following equation (4)
&Quot; (4) "

Is the position vector for the first control point of the i < th > edge,

Is the normal vector to the first control point of the i-th edge, d _i is the distance from the center of the insert to the i-th edge,

Is the polar angle between the reference line and d _i,

Represents an allowance angle at the i < th > edge,
The position vector and the normal vector for the second control point satisfy the following equation (5)
&Quot; (5) "

r _P is the position vector for the second control point of the i th corner, n _P is the normal vector for the second control point of the i th corner, r _i is the nose radius at the i th corner, d _i is the i th The distance to the edge,

Is a polar angle between the baseline and the d _i . 12. The method of claim 11,
the i-th corner includes m + 1 second control points,
the polar angle between the adjacent position vectors of the m + 1 second control points of the i-th corner is set to satisfy the following equation (6)
&Quot; (6) "

here,

,

/ RTI > of the insert. A computer-readable recording medium on which a program for executing the method of any one of claims 1 to 6 is recorded.

Images