KR20170116442A - shape memory alloy spring comprising a resistance wire and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a shape memory alloy spring including a resistance wire and a manufacturing method thereof. An object of the present invention is to provide a core material made of a shape memory alloy material in the form of a spring which is coated with an insulator on the outer surface of the core material and wound around a resistance wire made of a material generating resistance heat on the outer surface of the insulator, And the wire comprising the insulator and the resistance wire is formed as a coil spring structure. A shape memory alloy spring including a resistance wire is provided which is capable of obtaining a larger number of resistance arrays that are generated when a current is applied as compared with a conventional spring by adding a resistance string generated in the resistance string to the resistance string generated in the core, And a manufacturing method thereof.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention [0001] The present invention relates to a shape memory alloy spring including a resistance wire,

The present invention relates to a shape memory alloy spring including a resistance wire and a manufacturing method thereof. More specifically, a core material is formed from a shape memory alloy material having a property of shrinking due to resistance heat generated when a current is applied, a resistance wire is wound on the outer peripheral surface of the core material and formed into a coil spring structure, The present invention relates to a shape memory alloy spring including a resistance wire which improves the response speed of a spring by causing a larger amount of resistance heat to be generated when a current is applied to the spring and which improves the rigidity of the spring so as to minimize unnecessary displacement.

The vital muscles respond by electrical signals from the nerve cells. Similarly, artificial muscles are materials that are made to react by external electrical input and perform substitute function of living muscles. These artificial muscles are usually rehabilitation robots that serve as the limbs of persons with difficult physical activities, but also work robots that perform tasks in special environments that are difficult for humans to work directly, such as space exploration or submarine exploration or nuclear power plants, Such as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) for complicated operation of semiconductor devices.

Shape memory alloy (SMA), which changes its shape according to temperature, is a suitable material for artificial muscles. The shape memory alloy is made of nickel and a titanium alloy. As described above, when the current or heat is applied, the shape memory alloy has a property of returning to its original shape after a certain temperature after deformation. Shape memory alloys were fabricated in various shapes and used in artificial modules. Shape memory alloy wire (SMA wire) was used as artificial muscle material. The shape memory alloy wire has the advantage of being able to exhibit a large power density but has a disadvantage in that the displacement due to the temperature change is small, which is insufficient for the actual displacement of the living body muscle.

In order to maintain the power density of the shape memory alloy wire and further improve the displacement, a spring made of a shape memory alloy material has been developed. Korean Patent Application Publication No. 10-2011-0024977 (" Discloses a method of manufacturing a coil spring using a shape memory alloy. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0002] The prior art relates to a coil spring in which both end portions of a small coil spring are rotated to reduce torsional deformation to reduce the coil diameter. However, according to the conventional technology, a single shape memory alloy raw material is processed into a coil spring shape to exhibit a higher power density than a shape memory alloy wire. However, since the stiffness is lower than that of a general spring, unnecessary displacement occurs, There is a problem that there is a limit in resistance heat.

Korean Patent Laid-Open No. 10-2011-0024977 ("Method for manufacturing shape memory alloy coil spring ", published on Mar. 3, 2011)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been conceived in order to solve the above problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, in which an outer circumferential surface of a core made of a shape memory alloy is covered with an insulator, A shape memory alloy spring including a resistance wire which is formed by a coil spring structure of the insulator and the resistance string and which generates a larger amount of resistance heat even when the same current is applied, .

Another object of the present invention is to provide a shape memory alloy spring including a resistance wire wound around an outer circumferential surface of the resistance wire to improve rigidity and to prevent unnecessary displacement.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a shape memory alloy spring including a resistance wire, comprising: a core made of a shape memory alloy; An insulator coated on an outer circumferential surface of the core material; And a resistance wire wound around the outer circumferential surface of the insulator and made of a material from which resistance heat is generated, wherein the core material, the insulator and the resistance wire can form a single wire material.

Further, in the shape memory alloy spring including the resistance wire, the wire material may be formed in a coil spring structure.

Further, the insulator may be spirally wound on the outer circumferential surface of the core material.

Further, the shape memory alloy spring including the resistance wire of the present invention includes: a core made of a shape memory alloy; And a resistance wire made of a material generating resistance heat and wound around an outer circumferential surface of the core by coating an insulator on an outer circumferential surface thereof, and the core material and the resistance wire can form a single wire material.

Further, in the shape memory alloy spring including the resistance wire, the wire material may be formed in a coil spring structure.

Further, in the shape memory alloy spring including the resistance wire, the unit pitch at which the resistance wire is wound on the outer peripheral surface of the core material can be determined by the diameter of the core material.

The resistance wire may have a diameter smaller than the diameter of the core.

Also, the resistance wire may have a resistance 10 times to 30 times higher than the core material.

The resistance wire may be a metal material selected from the group consisting of nickel chromium, iron chromium, copper nickel, and constantane.

In addition, the present invention provides a method of manufacturing a shape memory alloy spring including a resistance wire, comprising the steps of: coating an insulator on an outer circumferential surface of a core made of a shape memory alloy; A wire rod forming step of winding a resistance wire on the outer circumferential surface of the insulator to form a wire rod comprising the core wire, the insulator and the resistance wire; A spring forming step of winding the wire rod on a winding wire and winding it in a coil spring shape; And a heat treatment step of applying shape memory heat treatment to the spring by applying heat thereto.

In the insulator coating step, the insulator may be spirally wound around the core material outer peripheral surface.

A method of manufacturing a shape memory alloy spring including a resistance wire, the method comprising: a resistance wire coating step of coating an insulator on an outer circumferential surface of a resistance wire; A wire rod forming step of winding the resistance wire around an outer peripheral surface of a core material made of a shape memory alloy material to form a wire material comprising the core material and the resistance wire; A spring forming step of winding the wire rod on a winding wire and winding it in a coil spring shape; And a heat treatment step of applying shape memory heat treatment to the spring by applying heat thereto.

The shape memory alloy spring including the resistance wire according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention and the method of fabricating the same according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention are characterized in that a resistance wire which generates a higher resistance heat than the core material is bonded to a core material made of a shape memory alloy material The coil spring structure is effective to obtain a faster heating rate than the spring made of the conventional shape memory alloy and to shorten the response time of the spring when the same current is applied.

Further, the shape memory alloy spring including the resistance wire and the method of manufacturing the same have the effect of effectively controlling the spring operation by winding the resistance wire on the outer circumferential surface to improve the rigidity and not causing unnecessary displacement.

1 is a perspective view of a shape memory alloy spring including a resistance wire according to an embodiment of the present invention;
2 is a perspective view of a wire rod according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view illustrating formation of a coil spring structure of a wire according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG.
4 is a perspective view showing an insulator and a resistance wire according to an embodiment of the present invention;
5 is a perspective view of a shape memory alloy spring including a resistance wire according to the third embodiment of the present invention
6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA 'of the shape memory alloy spring including the resistance wire according to the third embodiment
7 is a process flow diagram of a method of manufacturing a shape memory alloy spring including a resistance wire according to an embodiment of the present invention
8 is a process flow diagram of a method for manufacturing a shape memory alloy spring including a resistance wire according to the third embodiment of the present invention

Hereinafter, a shape memory alloy spring including a resistance wire according to the present invention and a method of manufacturing the same will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the technical concept of the present invention, are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

First, an embodiment of a shape memory alloy spring including a resistance wire will be described with reference to the drawings.

[First Embodiment] [0034] A core wire coated with an insulator is wound around a resistance wire

1 is a perspective view showing a shape memory alloy spring including a resistance wire according to an embodiment of the present invention.

1, a shape memory alloy spring including a resistance wire according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a core member 100, an insulator 200, and a resistance wire 300, and the core member 100 The insulator 200 and the resistance wire 300 constitute a single wire and the wire 1000 composed of the core 100, the insulator 200 and the resistance wire 300 has a coil spring structure .

The core 100 is made of a shape memory alloy (SMA). Shape memory alloys are conductive materials that thermally elastically deform according to temperature changes. They are expanded and deformed in low temperature martensite and shrinkage deformed in high temperature austenite. Although the shape memory effect is generated by this modification, the shape memory effect alloy includes Ti-Ni, Cu-Zn-Al, and Fe. However, the shape memory alloy containing the resistance wire according to the embodiment of the present invention The spring is preferably made of a Ti-Ni alloy which has the best shape memory effect, processability, corrosion resistance, abrasion resistance and biocompatibility. More specifically, Ni-Ti alloys (nitinol, nitinol) can control the deformation temperature in a wide range, have a large deformation amount, and have little change in shape memory effect ability even after repeated repetitive actions . Also, since the shape memory alloy can be deformed through thermal deformation and shape memory deformation by resistance heat generated by electrical resistance in the shape memory alloy when current is applied to both ends of the shape memory alloy, the resistance wire according to one embodiment of the present invention Is a material suitable for shape memory alloy springs.

2 is a perspective view of a wire according to an embodiment of the present invention.

2, the insulator 200 is coated on the outer circumferential surface of the core 100. The reason why the outer circumferential surface of the core 100 is covered with the insulator 200 is as follows. Generally, the higher the resistance of the current-carrying conductor, the more resistance heat is generated and the faster the heating rate of the conductor. As described above, since the core material 100 is made of a shape memory alloy material, resistance is four times higher than that of a common metal such as copper, and a large amount of resistance heat is generated. However, The resistance wire 300 to be described later is wound around the outer circumferential surface of the core member 100. However, when the core member 100 is directly contacted with the resistance wire 300, the resistance wire 300 is not heated because current flows to the core member 100 having a low resistance. The outer circumferential surface of the core member 100 is covered with the insulator 200 in order to directly block the current flow and directly heat the resistance wire 300.

As shown in FIG. 2, the resistance wire 300 is wound on the outer circumferential surface of the insulator 200 and is made of a material that generates a higher resistance heat than the core material 100. The reason why the resistance wire 300 is wound around the core member 100 coated with the insulator 200 is that the core member 100 is wound around the core member 100, In order to increase the response speed of the coil spring, which is the final shape, the heating speed by resistance heat is improved by coupling the resistance line 300, and the other is to increase the stiffness (spring constant) to minimize unnecessary displacement.

For this purpose, it may be important to set the pitch P to a certain value as shown in FIG. 2 when the resistance wire 300 is wound on the core 100. If the pitch of the resistance wire 300 is wound around the resistance wire 300 with a large pitch, the effect of increasing the response speed may be insufficient. If the pitch of the resistance wire 300 is narrowly wound without a spacing space, Because. For example, when the shape memory alloy spring including the resistance wire is mounted on the artificial muscle, the artificial muscle equipped with the shape memory alloy spring including the resistance wire is controlled by adjusting the temperature of the heat or the amount of current applied, It can be realized with a natural operation. Therefore, unnecessary heat or current may interfere with the natural operation. This is also related to the diameter of the resistance wire 300 wound on the core member 100. It is preferable that the resistance wire 300 is wound with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the core member 100. [ The reason for this is that as described above, the core member 100 is made of a shape memory alloy material which shrinks or expands as the temperature changes, so that the length thereof varies with temperature. If the resistance wire 300 having a larger diameter than the core member 100 is wound on the outer circumferential surface of the core member 100, the area of the contact between the core member 100 and the resistance wire 300 becomes wider, This may interfere with the contraction and expansion of the core member 100.

Therefore, the pitch of the resistance wire 300 per unit length is preferably based on the diameter of the core 100. That is, the unit pitch at which the resistance wire 300 is wound on the outer circumferential surface of the core 100 may be determined by the diameter of the core 100. Since the resistance wire 300 wound with a diameter smaller than that of the core member 100 is wound, if the resistance wire 300 is wound on the basis of the diameter of the core member to be used, even when the core member is replaced, It is possible to secure the response speed and rigidity as required by the user. At this time, the resistance wire 300 is wound in a metal material selected from nickel chromium, iron chromium, copper nickel, and constantane having a resistance 10 times to 30 times higher than that of the core material 100 made of a shape memory alloy material. .

3 is a perspective view illustrating formation of a coil spring structure of a wire according to an embodiment of the present invention.

3, the wire member 1000 including the core member 100, the insulator 200 and the resistance wire 300 is wound around the winding jig 20 to form a coil spring structure and then subjected to heat treatment do. The winding jig 20 includes a rod 21, a wire feeding part 22, a wire rotating part 23, and a stopper 24.

As shown in FIG. 3, the wire rod 1000 may be wound around the outer circumferential surface of the rod 21 and formed into a coil spring shape. The rod 21 is transferred in the longitudinal direction, and the shape may be circular or polygonal depending on the shape of the spring to be manufactured.

The wire feeder 22 includes a through hole through which the rod 21 transferred on one side passes and another through hole through which the wire 1000 passes, To supply the wire rod 1000 to the outer circumferential surface of the rod 21 so that the wire rod 1000 is wound thereon. The wire rotation unit 23 is rotatably installed to allow the wire rod 1000 to be wound around the outer circumferential surface of the rod 21. [ The stopper 24 is provided at both side ends of the wire feeding part 22 and the wire rotating part 23 and is movable in the left and right direction of the drawing to fix the wire 1000 . Using the winding jig 20 thus formed, the wire 1000 is subjected to a heat treatment as described above with a coil spring structure.

A coil spring made of a common metal is formed only by winding it on a rod, but a coil spring made of a shape memory alloy is completely formed by heat treatment after winding. That is, the final shape of the coil spring made of the shape memory alloy material is a shape at the time of heat treatment. Generally, to form a coil spring with a shape memory alloy, shape memory processing can be performed by applying heat at a temperature of 250 degrees Celsius or more. However, since the shape memory processing and the elasticity of the spring vary depending on the applied temperature, It is common to apply heat at 600 degrees or less. Therefore, the insulator 200 is made of a material capable of withstanding a high temperature of 300 to 600 degrees Celsius, and it is preferable that the core material 100 is coated with glass fiber or ceramic fiber corresponding thereto. According to the design conditions, the shape memory alloy spring including the resistance wire according to the embodiment of the present invention is formed by winding and fixing the wire rod 1000 to a rod having a certain diameter in addition to the winding jig 20, Or it may be formed into a coil spring structure by using an industrial wire processing machine and then heat-treated to complete the shape.

The shape memory alloy spring including the resistance wire completed through the above process can be applied to the artificial muscle module more than the shape memory alloy wire because the maximum displacement value in the longitudinal direction of the spring may be 200% to 1600% It may be more suitable for the following.

[Second Embodiment] [0064] A structure in which an insulator is spirally wound on the outer surface of a core member

4 is a perspective view illustrating an insulator and a resistance wire according to an embodiment of the present invention.

4, the shape memory alloy spring including the resistance wire according to the embodiment of the present invention includes the core member 100, the insulator 200, and the resistance wire 300. As shown in Fig. Since the core member 100 and the resistance wire 300 are the same as those of the embodiment of the present invention described above, the description is omitted and only the shape of the insulator 200 is different After explaining only the insulator 200, its effect will also be described.

4, the insulator 200 is spirally wound on the outer circumferential surface of the core 100 along the longitudinal direction of the core 100, and the resistance wire 300 is wound on the outer surface of the insulator 200 And wound in a spiral manner. That is, the embodiment of the present invention is different from the above embodiment in that the insulator 200 is covered on the entire outer peripheral surface of the core 100. However, in the present embodiment, The shape taken up on the outer circumferential surface of the lead wire 100 is a spiral shape and is the same as the shape in which the resistance wire 300 is wound.

This is to prevent a current flowing to the resistance line 300 from flowing to the core 100, as described above in one embodiment. In the absence of the insulator 200, the surface of the core member 100 contacting the resistance wire 300 becomes a spiral shape in which the resistance wire 300 is wound. Therefore, the insulator 200 can be wound around the insulator 200 to save the material of the insulator 200.

4, a method of winding the insulator 200 on the core member 100 includes winding the insulator 200 spirally on the outer circumferential surface of the core member 100, The resistance wire 300 is wound on the surface of the insulator 200 and the resistance wire 300 is first attached to the surface of the insulator 200. The insulator 200 and the resistance wire 300 together with the core material 100).

When the above-described method is used, when the core member 100 wound in a coil spring shape is compressed and expanded, the coupling between the insulator 200 and the resistance wire 300 can be separated by friction or a force applied to the spring have. In order to prevent this, a groove (not shown) having a spiral shape with a predetermined depth is formed on the surface of the core member 100 so that the insulator 200 and the resistance wire 300 are wound, 300 can be held at the wound position.

[Third Embodiment] A form in which an insulator-coated resistance wire is wound around the core material outer peripheral surface

In the third embodiment, the shape of the insulator 200 is deformed as in the case of this embodiment.

Like the example of the present invention, the same configuration as that of the embodiment of the present invention will not be described, and only the configurations different from those of the embodiment will be described.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a shape memory alloy spring including a resistance wire according to the third embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line A-A 'of a shape memory alloy spring including a resistance wire according to the third embodiment.

As described above, the role of the insulator 200 in one embodiment and the present embodiment is to prevent a current flowing in the resistance line 300 from flowing to the core 100. In the third embodiment of the present invention, The shape of the resistive line 100 and the resistance line 300 are deformed so as not to contact each other. 5 and 6, the resistance wire 300 is coated with the insulator 200 so that a current flowing in the resistance wire 300 can not flow to the core material 100 . That is, the outer circumferential surface of the resistance wire 300 is wrapped by the insulator 200, and the resistance wire 300 is spirally wound around the core material 100.

Hereinafter, a method of manufacturing the shape memory alloy spring including the resistance wire constructed as described above will be described with reference to the drawings.

First, a method of manufacturing the shape memory alloy spring including the resistance wire according to one embodiment will be described.

7 is a process diagram of a method of manufacturing a shape memory alloy spring including a resistance wire according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 7, a method of manufacturing a shape memory alloy spring including a resistance wire according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a step of covering an insulator S10, a wire forming step S20, a spring forming step S30, Step S40.

The insulator covering step (S10) is a first step. First, the insulator (200) is coated on the outer circumferential surface of the core material (100) made of a shape memory alloy material. The insulator covering step S10 may be varied according to the embodiment of the shape memory alloy spring according to the present invention described above.

The insulator 200 may be attached to the outer circumferential surface of the core member 100 and the insulator 200 and the resistance wire 300 may be attached to each other as described above, The insulator 200 may be spirally wound around the outer circumferential surface of the core member 100. In this case,

In the case of the third embodiment, since the resistance wire 300 itself is wound on the core 100 in a state of being covered with the insulator 200, the insulator covering step S10 may be omitted in the case of the third embodiment.

The wire forming step S20 is performed after the insulator covering step S10 and is performed by winding the resistance wire 300 on the outer circumferential surface of the insulator 200 to form the wire member 100, Thereby forming the wire 1000 made of the resistance wire 300.

The wire forming step S20 may also be different in the method according to the embodiments described above, but since the insulator covering step S10 has already been described, the description of the method according to the embodiments is omitted.

The spring forming step S30 is a step in which the wire rod 1000 is wound on the winding jig 20 after the wire rod forming step S20 is wound in the form of a coil spring.

The heat treatment step S40 is a step of manufacturing the shape memory alloy spring by applying heat to the final coil spring shape. The temperature of the heat applied depends on the characteristics of the spring, and the temperature of various heat is determined according to the purpose of the spring and the design standard.

After the heat treatment step S40 is performed, if the heat is applied to the predetermined critical temperature even after being deformed by the external physical force at or below the critical temperature, the resistance line, which is restored to its original shape by the shape memory effect, Thereby completing the shape memory alloy spring.

Next, a method of manufacturing the shape memory alloy spring including the resistance wire according to the third embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings.

Description of the same configuration and method as those of the embodiment of the present invention will be omitted, and only configurations and methods of other types will be described. The manufacturing method according to the third embodiment is different from the manufacturing method according to the embodiment in that the insulator 200 is covered with the resistance wire 300 without being covered with the outer circumferential surface of the core member 100 After describing only the steps related to this, the effect will be described.

8 is a process diagram of a method for manufacturing a shape memory alloy spring including a resistance wire according to the third embodiment of the present invention.

8, a method of manufacturing a shape memory alloy spring including a resistance wire according to the third embodiment of the present invention includes a step of coating a resistance wire S10, a wire forming step S20, a spring forming step S30, Step S40.

The resistive wire covering step S10 is the first step in the manufacturing method according to the third embodiment, in which the insulator 200 is coated on the outer circumferential surface of the resistance wire 300.

The wire rod forming step S20 includes winding the resistance wire 300 coated with the insulator 200 on the outer circumferential surface of the core material 100 made of a shape memory alloy material 300 in the resistance wire covering step S100 , The core member (100), and the resistance wire (300).

The subsequent steps are the same as those of the spring forming step S30 and the heat treatment step S40 of the embodiment, and a description thereof will be omitted. When all of the above steps are completed, the shape memory alloy spring including the resistance wire according to the third embodiment is completed do.

The technical idea should not be construed as being limited to the above-described embodiment of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Accordingly, such modifications and changes are within the scope of protection of the present invention as long as it is obvious to those skilled in the art.

1000: wire rod
20: winding jig
21: Rod
22:
23:
24: Stopper
100: Core
200: Insulator
300: resistance wire

Claims (12)

Core material made of a shape memory alloy material;
An insulator coated on an outer circumferential surface of the core material; And
A resistance wire wound around the outer circumferential surface of the insulator and made of a material for generating resistance heat; / RTI >
Wherein the core, the insulator, and the resistance wire form a single wire.
The shape memory alloy spring according to claim 1,
The shape memory alloy spring including the resistance wire, wherein the wire material is formed in a coil spring structure.
The semiconductor device according to claim 2,
Wherein the core is spirally wound on an outer circumferential surface of the core member.
Core material made of a shape memory alloy material; And
And a resistance wire made of a material generating resistance heat and wound on an outer circumferential surface of the core material with an outer circumferential surface covered with an insulator,
Wherein the core member and the resistance wire form a single wire.
5. The shape memory alloy spring according to claim 4,
The shape memory alloy spring including the resistance wire, wherein the wire material is formed in a coil spring structure.
4. The method according to any one of claims 2, 3 and 5,
The shape memory alloy spring including the resistance wire,
Wherein a unit pitch in which the resistance wire is wound on the outer circumferential surface of the core member is determined by a diameter of the core member.
4. The method according to any one of claims 2, 3 and 5,
The resistance wire
Wherein the diameter of the spring is smaller than the diameter of the core of the core.
The resistance wire according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
Wherein the resistance is 10 times to 30 times higher than the core material.
9. The semiconductor device according to claim 8,
Wherein the shape memory alloy spring is made of a metal material selected from the group consisting of nickel chromium, iron chromium, copper nickel, and constantane.
A method of manufacturing a shape memory alloy spring including a resistance wire,
An insulator coating step of coating an outer circumferential surface of a core material made of a shape memory alloy material with an insulator;
A wire rod forming step of winding a resistance wire on the outer circumferential surface of the insulator to form a wire rod comprising the core wire, the insulator and the resistance wire;
A spring forming step of winding the wire rod on a winding wire and winding it in a coil spring shape; And
A heat treatment step of applying shape memory heat treatment to the spring by applying heat;
Wherein the shape memory alloy spring includes a resistance wire.
11. The method of claim 10,
Wherein the insulator is spirally wound on an outer circumferential surface of the core member.
A method of manufacturing a shape memory alloy spring including a resistance wire,
A resistance wire coating step of coating an insulator on the outer circumferential surface of the resistance wire;
A wire rod forming step of winding the resistance wire around an outer peripheral surface of a core material made of a shape memory alloy material to form a wire material comprising the core material and the resistance wire;
A spring forming step of winding the wire rod on a winding wire and winding it in a coil spring shape; And
A heat treatment step of applying shape memory heat treatment to the spring by applying heat;
Wherein the shape memory alloy spring includes a resistance wire.

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