KR20170092998A - Gps-based total management system for cultivation and method it - Google Patents
Gps-based total management system for cultivation and method it Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR20170092998A KR20170092998A KR1020160014401A KR20160014401A KR20170092998A KR 20170092998 A KR20170092998 A KR 20170092998A KR 1020160014401 A KR1020160014401 A KR 1020160014401A KR 20160014401 A KR20160014401 A KR 20160014401A KR 20170092998 A KR20170092998 A KR 20170092998A
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- information
- gps
- user
- slave
- market
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000037666 field crops Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
- G06Q50/10—Services
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
- G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
- G06Q10/02—Reservations, e.g. for tickets, services or events
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q30/00—Commerce
- G06Q30/06—Buying, selling or leasing transactions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q30/00—Commerce
- G06Q30/06—Buying, selling or leasing transactions
- G06Q30/08—Auctions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
- G06Q50/02—Agriculture; Fishing; Forestry; Mining
Landscapes
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Economics (AREA)
- Marketing (AREA)
- Strategic Management (AREA)
- General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Tourism & Hospitality (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
- Finance (AREA)
- Human Resources & Organizations (AREA)
- Development Economics (AREA)
- Entrepreneurship & Innovation (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Primary Health Care (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Operations Research (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a system capable of collectively managing the distribution of cultivated land and kinds of cultivated land based on GPS.
For this purpose, the GPS-based comprehensive agricultural land management system of the present invention processes the information inputted from a monitoring person for cultivator or field survey into a necessary information by a monitoring system and provides it to a governmental institution, A main server 1 and a slave 2 connected to the main server 1. The slave 2 is connected to the main server 1 through an external network, And a personal computer (PC).
Description
The present invention relates to a system and a method for collectively managing the distribution of cultivated land and the type of cultivated land based on GPS.
Generally, the price of agricultural products depends on the amount and type of crops harvested at the harvest time of each year.
As a result, if crops are concentrated on one crop, problems such as price fluctuation will arise.
In addition, a large number of personnel are put in order to obtain various statistical data to be performed by the governmental organizations, and the kind of field crops and the distribution of cultivated areas are grasped through on-site inspection. In order to understand the lack of accuracy, There was difficulty.
Accordingly, Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2012-0136806 (method of monitoring agricultural product distribution by region, hereinafter referred to as 'prior art') is a method for monitoring the distribution of agricultural products by region by using a mobile communication terminal equipped with GPS (Global Positioning System) The method comprising the steps of: receiving regional information of a specific region from a user through a mobile communication terminal; and transmitting the regional agricultural product distribution data to a central control unit of the central control unit, The method comprising the steps of: receiving agricultural product information of a specific region from a user through a mobile communication terminal; generating agricultural product information data of a specific region by using the local information and agricultural product information; Information data is sent to the remote central control unit Transmitting and analyzing agricultural product information data to generate and manage regional agricultural product distribution data.
However, in the prior art as described above, a user selects a kind of crop, moves to a specific point for area measurement, and then directly inputs a position signal at the moved position, There has been a disadvantage that a proposal for abundant prior knowledge of crops is involved.
It is also true that there was an inconvenience to move around the cultivated area directly for the area measurement.
In order to overcome the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a GPS-based agricultural land comprehensive management system and method for enabling a non-professional investigator or a user to easily grasp the types of crops, And to provide the above objects.
In addition, the present invention can provide information such as the timing of shipment by allowing the grower to grasp the growth state of the crops, etc., and to provide information such as direct market and production history management between the producer and the consumer, System and method therefor.
In order to accomplish the object of the present invention, an agricultural land comprehensive management system based on GPS location recognition includes a management unit 11 for storing data input through a slave, processing the processed data, and managing the processed information, (12) for providing various types of information according to a demand of a consumer and an online direct exchange market between a producer and a consumer based on the information provided by the management unit (11) and the information providing unit (12) And a market share unit (13) for making a market such as a market unique to the market (13); And a
In this case, the system according to the present invention having the above-described configuration may include receiving (S10) user information; Installing an application according to a user type (S20); Receiving specific information from the slave 2 (S30); Analyzing the inputted specific information in the main server 1 (S40); Processing the analyzed information (S50); (S60), and the step of providing the processed information (S60) and the step of providing crop market share information and generating the market (S70) are further included .
Also, the step of receiving the user information (S10) is to connect to the main server 1 through the
In addition, the position of the cultivating area and the size of the cultivating area are determined based on the GPS, which is the location information of the
In addition, the step S40 of analyzing the inputted specific information in the main server 1 may include extracting specific information from the inputted specific information, (S50) of processing the analyzed information is analyzed and processed into information such as distribution, release date and expected price of cultivated land using the valid information , The time of planting of crops is estimated by comparing the sowing time inputted by the cultivator with the conventional accumulation data or predicting the timing of shipment or using the inputted image information to grasp the growth status using the characteristics of the crops and apply them.
In addition, the market share information providing and market creating step (S70) is a step of creating a direct market place, an auction or a purchase reservation menu at the request of the culturist or the consumer so that the agricultural product transaction can be performed between the cultivator and the general consumer Based agricultural land management method that can be used to achieve the objectives of the present invention.
The GPS-based comprehensive management system and method of the present invention can provide a non-technical researcher or a user with an easy way to grasp the type of crop, and can more easily grasp the area of the surveyed area.
In addition, the present invention can provide information such as the expected time of shipment by making it possible to grasp the growth state of the crops, etc., and also provide information such as direct market and production history management between the producer and the consumer.
1 is a configuration diagram of the system of the present invention.
2 is a schematic diagram of the present invention.
3 and 4 are illustrations showing an embodiment of the present invention.
5 is a flowchart of a GPS-based arable land integrated management method according to the present invention.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings so that those skilled in the art can easily carry out the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a configuration diagram of the system of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the present invention, and Figs. 3 and 4 are illustrations showing an embodiment of the present invention.
1 to 4, the GPS-based agricultural land comprehensive management system of the present invention processes information input from monitoring personnel for cultivating farmers or field surveys into necessary information by a monitoring system, And it is used to establish measures to supply and receive agricultural products, or to share market such as direct trade between general consumer and supplier.
The GPS-based agricultural land management system of the present invention comprises a main server 1 and a
The main server 1 includes a management unit 11, a provisioning unit 12 and a market share unit 13. The management unit 11 stores the data received through the
The information providing unit 12 provides various types of information according to a demand of the user, from the information processed in the management unit 11. [
As described above, the information provided to the consumer may include the distribution of cultivated land for each crop, the type of the crop, the determination of the growing time of the crop, the release date and the expected price according to the distribution.
The market share unit 13 allows the producer and the consumer to share a market such as an online direct transaction market based on the information provided by the management unit 11 and the information providing unit 12.
Here, the market share unit 13 may be proposed in the form of a typical market share between a producer and a consumer, such as a direct deal, auction or reservation sale.
The
Here, the photo information as described above allows the kind of the crop and the growing time to be grasped.
It can analyze the characteristics of the crops taken and analyze the types and growth status of the crops by comparing them with the reference data.
For example, when the crop is a leafy vegetable, the characteristics, color, and size of the leaf are compared to determine the type and growth period of the crop and utilize it as processed information.
This is to solve the inconvenience that the conventional technology allows the photographer to select the kind of crop, and to provide the information of the crop without error without expert knowledge.
When the information is input by the cultivator, the farmer or the family member such as the family uses the smart cadastral map to search the land number of the land owned by the farmer or the family member and input the information.
At this time, the name, address, and area of the owner are automatically inputted according to the manual or lot number, and basic information is obtained, and information of cultivated crops is inputted based on the obtained information. The information of cultivated crops is classified into kinds , Seeding time, growing condition, and crop photos.
In addition, when the external monitoring agent acquires information such as the distribution of cultivation by crops, it selects the crops to be surveyed or recognizes the kind of the crops through photography, and transmits the current location information to the main server 1 through the communication terminal After receiving the cadastral map and the satellite image, it is moved directly to a number of points to grasp the area or to select various points on the cadastral map to grasp the area.
The GPS-based agricultural land comprehensive management method of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG.
A method for managing the comprehensive management of the agricultural land based on the GPS according to the present invention includes the steps of receiving (S10) inputting user information, loading an application according to a user type (S20), receiving specific information from the slave (S30), analyzing the inputted specific information in the main server 1 (S40), processing the analyzed information (S50), and providing the processed information (S60) And providing the processed information (S60), and then providing the crop market share information and generating the market (S70).
The step S10 of inputting the user information is to access the main server 1 through the
At this time, reliability is secured through a procedure for user authentication. Various authentication methods can be applied to the authentication procedure of the user as described above. In accordance with the type of the user, the
In step S20, the application is loaded on the
The reason why the application of different types of applications to the user's slave according to the user in step S20 is to provide different menus according to the cultivator, the consumer, and the manager.
For example, in the case of cultivators, it is possible to provide information on the area of the cultivated area quickly without using field measurements only by using the number of the cultivated farmland, and to select the time and kind of sowing of the cultivated crops To be able to do so.
In addition, since the manager manages the acquired information and manages information such as processed information and user information on distribution, departure, etc., the user can select a differentiated menu.
Likewise, a consumer can set up a direct deal, participate in an auction, make a reservation purchase, etc. for a market share such as cultivation information on a crop and a direct deal, and selects a different menu in order to be able to search information uploaded by a grower .
After the application is loaded on the slave in step S20, the specific information is inputted from the
Here, the specific information refers to information such as the type of the crop, the location of the cultivated land, the size of the cultivated land, the photograph of the crop and the seeding time.
The step S30 of receiving the specific information from the
At this time, the location of the cultivating area and the size of the cultivating area are determined based on the location information of the
In addition to the method of selecting and inputting the cultivated land lots in the cultivation farm as described above, a method of measuring the area by generating a loop that extends the selected points after selecting specific points in the cultivated land is also applied.
A method of selecting such a specific point and inputting the position value and extending the selected point to generate a loop to measure the area is well known in the art, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
Also, when the user is a monitoring person, specific information is input in the same manner as the previous cultivator.
The step S40 of analyzing the specific information inputted after the step S30 in the main server 1 is a process of removing noise and obtaining only valid information from the inputted specific information.
This obtains only information that meets specifications and regulations from the information input from the user, and other information is filtered out.
The reason for this process is to select only the valid ones because a large number of pieces of information are obtained, which is also intended to improve the reliability.
The step of processing the analyzed information (S50) after the step (S40) is a process of processing the information such as the distribution of the cultivated land, the release date, and the expected price using the valid information analyzed.
For example, information on the release date and type of cultivated crops can be estimated by comparing the sowing time inputted at the cultivator with the conventional accumulation data, or by predicting the expected shipment time, And so on.
Here, the method of grasping the growth status using the characteristics of the crops is to grasp the growth status of the crops using the size or color of the leaves or stalks of the crops.
At this time, using the existing accumulation data, it is possible to grasp the growth status and release date by comparing the growth characteristics of the cultivated crops with the season.
After the step S50, the processed information is provided (S60). Various types of information may be provided depending on the user.
For example, in the case of managers, the distribution of cultivated land, the type of cultivated material, the forecast of release and price, etc. can be mentioned.
In addition, it is processed in various forms according to the requests of external organizations and policy institutions, and it is provided.
After the step S60, the method further includes providing crop market share information and generating a market (S70).
More specifically, it is possible to create a menu such as a direct deal market, an auction or a purchase reservation at the request of an agriculture farmer or a consumer, and use the same to enable agricultural products to be traded between the farmer and the general consumer.
Here, the market share information may be classified according to kinds of cultivated goods, the time of release, price, etc. Market generation may be opened by farmers for sale or may be opened by the consumer for purchase.
At this time, since the market creation includes various types of platforms, and provides a certain form such as a selling method, a selling price, etc., the user can easily generate a market by inputting only a minimum amount of information.
The present invention can be completed by such a method.
1: Main server 2: Slave
S10: receiving user information
S20: Step of mounting an application according to the user type
S30: receiving specific information from the
S40: Analyzing the inputted specific information in the main server 1
S50: Processing the analyzed information
S60: Step of providing processed information
S70: Crop market share information and market creation step
Claims (10)
A management unit 11 for storing data inputted through a slave and processing the data, processing the processed data, and an information providing unit 12 for providing information processed in the management unit 11 in various forms according to the demand of the customer And a market share unit 13 for making a market such as an online direct marketplace between the producer and the consumer unique based on the information provided by the management unit 11 and the information providing unit 12, )Wow;
And a slave 2 made up of a personal communication terminal or a PC owned by the user which can connect to the main server 1, mount an application, transmit photograph information of the crop, and receive various information. GPS based agricultural land management system.
The system according to the present invention having the above-described configuration may include receiving (S10) user information;
Installing an application according to a user type (S20);
Receiving specific information from the slave 2 (S30);
Analyzing the inputted specific information in the main server 1 (S40);
Processing the analyzed information (S50);
And providing the processed information (S60). ≪ Desc / Clms Page number 20 >
The method according to claim 1, further comprising: providing crop processing market share information and generating a market (S70) after providing the processed information (S60).
The step S10 of inputting the user information is to access the main server 1 through the slave 2 of the user and to input the user information according to the type of the user by dividing the cultivation farmer, the consumer and the manager, Wherein the application is installed in accordance with the GPS-based agricultural land management method.
The specific information input in the step S30 of receiving the specific information from the slave 2 is information such as the type of the crop, the location of the cultivated area, the size of the cultivated area, the photograph of the crop, Integrated management method.
Wherein the location of the cultivating area and the size of the cultivating area are determined based on the GPS which is the location information of the slave 2 and the size of the cultivating area is selected by automatically selecting the cultivating area, Integrated management method.
The location of the cultivated land and the size of the cultivated land are recognized based on GPS which is the location information of the slave 2. The size of the cultivated land is selected by inputting a specific point in the cultivated land, The method comprising the steps of:
The step S40 of analyzing the specific information inputted by the main server 1 may include acquiring only the information according to the specification and the regulation among the information inputted from the user in order to remove the noise and to obtain only the useful information among the inputted specific information And the other information is removed through filtering.
The step of processing the analyzed information (S50) is a process of processing the information such as the distribution of the cultivated land, the release date and the expected price by using the valid information analyzed. A method for managing a GPS-based agricultural land management system, comprising: comparing a conventional accumulation data to predict a shipment timing; and identifying a growing state using characteristics of a crop using the inputted image information and applying the same.
The market share information providing and market generating step (S70) is a step of generating a direct market place, an auction or a purchase reservation menu according to the request of the culturing farmer or the consumer so as to enable the agricultural product transaction between the culturing farmer and the general consumer to be performed using the GPS A method of comprehensive management of the base arable land.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020160014401A KR101839802B1 (en) | 2016-02-04 | 2016-02-04 | A method of gps-based total management for cultivation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020160014401A KR101839802B1 (en) | 2016-02-04 | 2016-02-04 | A method of gps-based total management for cultivation |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
KR20170092998A true KR20170092998A (en) | 2017-08-14 |
KR101839802B1 KR101839802B1 (en) | 2018-04-26 |
Family
ID=60142047
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020160014401A KR101839802B1 (en) | 2016-02-04 | 2016-02-04 | A method of gps-based total management for cultivation |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
KR (1) | KR101839802B1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20200064023A (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2020-06-05 | 주식회사 리테일영 | System and method for calculating Expected standard price of crop cultivation |
-
2016
- 2016-02-04 KR KR1020160014401A patent/KR101839802B1/en active IP Right Grant
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20200064023A (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2020-06-05 | 주식회사 리테일영 | System and method for calculating Expected standard price of crop cultivation |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR101839802B1 (en) | 2018-04-26 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Channe et al. | Multidisciplinary model for smart agriculture using internet-of-things (IoT), sensors, cloud-computing, mobile-computing & big-data analysis | |
US10942113B2 (en) | Methods, systems, and components thereof relating to using multi-spectral imaging for improved cultivation of cannabis and other crops | |
US9813512B2 (en) | Systems and methods for efficiently generating a geospatial data map for use in agricultural operations | |
CN105787801B (en) | Precision agriculture system | |
US8417534B2 (en) | Automated location-based information recall | |
US9113590B2 (en) | Methods, apparatus, and systems for determining in-season crop status in an agricultural crop and alerting users | |
US20060282467A1 (en) | Field and crop information gathering system | |
KR101936317B1 (en) | Method for smart farming | |
AU2017308573A1 (en) | Estimating nitrogen content using hyperspectral and multispectral images | |
US20200311915A1 (en) | Growth status prediction system and method and computer-readable program | |
CN107077650A (en) | Method and system for managing rural activity | |
JP2006252105A (en) | Farm product production information management system | |
Huang et al. | Advancing to the next generation of precision agriculture | |
JP2005078238A (en) | Sales management system of field crop | |
JP2022082636A (en) | Information processing device | |
Pawar et al. | IoT-based smart agriculture: an exhaustive study | |
KR20200103509A (en) | Preorder-production platform system for customized pre-order of agricultural products | |
KR101839802B1 (en) | A method of gps-based total management for cultivation | |
KR101985302B1 (en) | Preorder-production platform system for agricultural products | |
Tan et al. | An integrated cloud-based platform for labor monitoring and data analysis in precision agriculture | |
Tamirat et al. | Precision irrigation and harvest management in orchards: an economic assessment | |
US20200250360A1 (en) | Use of data from field trials in crop protection for calibrating and optimising prediction models | |
JP6691814B2 (en) | Contract cultivation information management device and contract cultivation information management program | |
CN111373424A (en) | Determination of a favorable/unfavorable time period for application of a plant protection agent | |
KR101727025B1 (en) | Method and apparatus for project guide based on process |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A201 | Request for examination | ||
E902 | Notification of reason for refusal | ||
GRNT | Written decision to grant |