KR20170075629A - Device for heat transfer and refrigerant circuit for a vehicle-air conditioning system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a heat transfer device (32, 32 ', 32a, 32b, 32c) for an automotive air conditioning system having a heat pump function. The air conditioning system comprises a refrigerant circulation system (20, 20 ') having at least one evaporator (26, 26') and at least one condenser / gas cooler (22a, 22b) and at least one coolant- &Apos;) < / RTI > Wherein at least one surface for heat transfer to the coolant of the coolant circulation system and at least one surface for heat transfer to the coolant in the coolant circulation system are formed and the surfaces are each refluxed by a gaseous fluid. The surface for heat transfer to the refrigerant of the evaporator (26, 26 '), so that the surface for heat transfer to the coolant and the surface for heat transfer to the coolant are refluxed by a gaseous fluid that releases heat Is integrated with the coolant-heat exchanger (31, 31 '). The present invention also relates to a refrigerant circulation system 20, 20 'of an air conditioning system having the heat transfer devices 32, 32', 32a, 32b, 32c and a refrigerant circulation system 20, 20 ' It is also related to the method. Furthermore, the present invention also relates to systems 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e for guiding fluids in the gas state of the internal combustion engine 2, in particular air and exhaust gas.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention [0001] The present invention relates to a heat transfer device and a refrigerant circulation system for a vehicle air conditioning system,

The present invention relates to a heat transfer device for an air conditioning system of an automobile having a heat pump function. The air conditioning system comprises a refrigerant circulation system having at least one evaporator and at least one condenser / gas cooler and a coolant circulation system having a coolant-heat exchanger. The present invention also relates to a refrigerant circulation system of an air conditioning system having the heat transfer device and a method for operating the refrigerant circulation system. Furthermore, the invention also relates to a system for guiding fluids in the gas state of an internal combustion engine, in particular air and exhaust gases.

In the case of automobiles known in the prior art, engine waste heat is used to heat the inlet air for the room. The waste heat is guided to an air condition control unit of the air conditioning system by the coolant circulating in the engine cooling circuit, and the air introduced into the room through the heating heat exchanger in the air condition control unit Lt; / RTI > Known air conditioning systems having a coolant-air-heat exchanger that obtains a calorific value from the coolant circulation system of an effective internal combustion engine of a vehicle drive system are designed to provide a comfortable level of room heating to meet the overall heat demand of the room when the ambient temperature is low The required temperature level can no longer be reached. This fact applies similarly to a system of vehicles having a hybrid drive system. If the total heat demand of the room can not be met by heat from the engine cooling circuit, supplementary heating measures such as an electric resistance heater (PTC) or fuel heater are required.

An effective possibility for air heating for a room may be referred to as a heat pump using air as a heat source, in which case the refrigerant circulation system serves not only as a single heater but also as an auxiliary heating measure.

Air-to-air heat pumps belonging to the prior art, which are thus also formed for the heating mode, for the cooling device and the heat pump combined mode, absorb heat from the ambient air. As the temperature of the ambient air is lowered, the low pressure level of the refrigerant circulation system, the density of the refrigerant, and the corresponding refrigerant mass flow are also lowered and eventually the calorific value is also lowered. As less heat is transferred to the air stream, the discharge temperature of the air stream is also lowered.

The heat sources used in the prior art, i.e. the coolant or ambient air of the engine cooling circuit, cause efficiency limitations or power limitations of the air conditioning system in applications for heating the passenger compartment. As a heat source for the refrigerant circulation system operating in the heat pump mode, the surrounding air limits the power consumption due to possible freezing of the refrigerant-ambient air-heat exchanger. Since the coolant of the engine cooling circuit is already used as a heat source for directly heating the room, the use of a heat source for the heat pump, i.e., the coolant alone, realizes an output increase of the heating system, but does not mean an effective auxiliary heating measure. The combination of the heat source, i.e. ambient air and the coolant, complicates the wiring of the refrigerant circulation system and at the same time causes high costs.

The coolant-air-heat pumps usually use the coolant of the internal combustion engine corresponding to the water-glycol-mixture as the heat source. In this case, heat is taken from the coolant. This causes the internal combustion engine to operate longer at lower temperatures, which has a negative impact on exhaust emissions and fuel consumption. Due to the operation of the internal combustion engine, which is sometimes interrupted in hybrid vehicles, a sufficiently high coolant temperature is not achieved during long running. As a result, the start-stop-operation of the internal combustion engine is exposed to a low ambient temperature. The internal combustion engine is not switched off.

The prior art also discloses exhaust gas recirculation systems with various types of exhaust gas heat exchangers. Conventional exhaust gas heat exchangers are perfused by the exhaust gas to be cooled on the one hand, and by the coolant and on the other hand by the two media.

DE 10 2005 048 911 A1 describes an arrangement for recirculating and cooling the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, in particular a combustion engine. The internal combustion engine has a suction line with a discharge line equipped with an exhaust gas turbine and a charge air compressor driven by the exhaust gas turbine. The air compressor in the flow direction is followed by a charge air cooler which cools the compressed and superheated charged air before entering the internal combustion engine. Below the turbine in the flow direction is an extraction point for the branching of the exhaust gas recirculation line and a recirculation point for reintroducing the exhaust gas recirculation line above the compressor in the flow direction. At least one exhaust gas heat exchanger is formed in the exhaust gas recirculation line. The exhaust gas heat exchanger provided specifically for exhaust gas cooling may be formed by air cooling or coolant cooling. The exhaust gas is used as a heat source in the coolant circulation system.

As is known, the exhaust gas heat exchangers for exhaust gas cooling are disposed in an exhaust gas recirculation line that is returned to the internal combustion engine, and are perfused by the exhaust gas only when exhaust gas recirculation is required. Therefore, the heat contained in the exhaust gas can be used only when exhaust gas recirculation is required. In addition, in the case of known heat recovery systems, which use exhaust gas waste heat of the internal combustion engine for the coolant heating, the waste heat and temperature of the exhaust gas are heavily dependent on the load of the internal combustion engine. Charge air can also be used, for example, as a coolant circulation system or as a heat source for a refrigerant circulation system. However, at the time of using the charge air as a heat source of the refrigerant circulation system, the temperature of the charge air and the possibility of use, which depend heavily on the load of the internal combustion engine, adversely affect the heat pump system.

In addition, increasingly stringent legislation in relation to automotive emissions standardization and consumption requirements presupposes increased cooling requirements with the ever-smaller space requirements of automotive components.

DE 103 13 234 A1 discloses a heating heat exchanger of a refrigerant circulation system for an automobile, which is arranged in an air state control unit. The air to be supplied to the passenger compartment can be further heated by a refrigerant circulation system which can be operated as a heat pump for further heating, in particular by a heat exchanger operable with a condenser / gas cooler. In this case, the heat transfer surfaces of the refrigerant circulation system for the additional heating operation and the condenser / gas cooler of the refrigerant circulation system are integrated in the heating heat exchanger of the refrigerant circulation system, so that the air to be heated in the further heating operation is supplied by the heat- / Gas cooler. The 3-fluid-heat exchanger is supplied with refrigerant, coolant, and air as fluids and is used as a heat sink for the heat pump refrigerant circulation system for the purpose of heating the incoming air to be introduced into the cabin. In this case, the refrigerant is cooled and condensed. Also, loss is initiated upon heat transfer from the coolant.

It is an object of the present invention to provide and dispose a heat transfer device for an automotive air conditioning system in which exhaust gas mass flow of an internal combustion engine can be used as a heat source. The device must have a simple structure of minimum number of parts with minimal space requirement. In addition, minimal cost is required for manufacturing, maintenance and installation. The heat transfer device must be able to efficiently use the energy contained in the exhaust gas as a heat source for the heat pump system. At the same time, when hot exhaust gas is generated, it is always necessary to use exhaust gas as a heat source.

This problem is solved by objects having the features of the independent patent claims. Improvements are described in the dependent patent claims.

This problem is solved by a heat transfer device according to the present invention for an automotive air conditioning system having a heat pump function. The air conditioning system includes a refrigerant circulation system having at least one evaporator and at least one condenser / gas cooler and at least one coolant-heat exchanger. Wherein at least one surface for heat transfer to the coolant of the coolant circulation system and at least one surface for heat transfer to the coolant of the coolant circulation system are formed and the surfaces are each refluxed by a gaseous fluid.

According to the concept of the present invention, the surface for heat transfer to the refrigerant of the evaporator is such that both the surface for heat transfer to the coolant and the surface for heat transfer to the coolant are refluxed by the gaseous fluid , And a coolant-heat exchanger. Since the device according to the invention can be supplied with three different fluids as coolant, refrigerant and gaseous fluid, the device is also referred to below as a 3-fluid-heat exchanger. The heat transfer surface to the coolant and the heat transfer surface to the refrigerant are preferably refluxed, preferably locally, separately from each other, and in turn, by gaseous fluids that emit heat. In this case, the gaseous fluid is first cooled by the coolant, and then cooled by the coolant. The heat transfer surfaces to the coolant and the coolant are preferably interconnected in a thermally conductive manner so that heat is transferred from the surface for heat transfer to the coolant to the heat transfer surface to the coolant through heat conduction. In this case it is ensured that the temperature of the heat transfer surface to the refrigerant does not exceed the limit value. According to an alternative embodiment, the heat transfer surface to the coolant is integrated directly into the coolant circulation system, so that the heat is transferred from the gaseous fluid releasing heat to the coolant without contacting the heat transfer surface to the coolant It is delivered directly. The heat delivered to the coolant can be used to heat the room without additional energy requirements as calorific value. The gaseous fluid is preferably a high temperature exhaust of an automotive internal combustion engine, preferably as a heat source for the refrigerant circulation system, particularly when operating an air conditioning system in a heat pump mode for heating incoming air for a room.

Further, the object of the present invention is solved by a refrigerant circulation system according to the present invention of an automotive air conditioning system having a heat pump function. Wherein the refrigerant circulation system has a first expansion member for cooling and / or dehumidifying inflow air for a passenger compartment, at least one heat exchanger operating as a first evaporator, a second expansion member, And at least one heat exchanger for operating the condenser / gas cooler for heating the inlet air for the passenger compartment.

According to a first alternative embodiment of the present invention there is provided a heat exchanger having a first expansion member and having a heat exchanger and a second expansion member acting as a first evaporator, Respectively. In this case, the heat exchanger having the first expansion member and acting as the first evaporator is disposed in front of the heat exchanger of the heat transfer device, which preferably has the second expansion member in the flow direction of the refrigerant and operates as the second evaporator As a result, the pressure level during evaporation in the second evaporator may be lower than the evaporation pressure level in the first evaporator.

According to a second alternative embodiment of the present invention there is provided a heat exchanger having a heat exchanger having a first expansion member and having a heat exchanger and a second expansion member operating as a first evaporator and acting as a second evaporator, Respectively. In this case, the refrigerant can be independently supplied to the heat exchanger of the heat transfer device having the first expansion member, the heat exchanger operating as the first evaporator and the second expansion member, and the heat exchanger operating as the second evaporator.

Further, the problem of the present invention is solved by a system for guiding fluids, especially air and exhaust gas, in an automotive internal combustion engine having an exhaust line. According to the concept of the present invention, an evaporator of the refrigerant circulation system of the automotive air conditioning system is formed. At this time, the evaporator is disposed in the exhaust gas line so that exhaust gas is directly supplied. The refrigerant circulation system is preferably formed as a component of an air conditioning system having a heat pump function, in which case the exhaust gas is used as a heat source for the refrigerant circulation system.

According to an improvement of the invention, a coolant-heat exchanger of the coolant circulation system is formed. In this case, the coolant-heat exchanger is disposed in the exhaust gas line so that the exhaust gas is directly supplied to the coolant-heat exchanger in the flow direction of the exhaust gas and in front of the evaporator of the coolant circulation system to which the exhaust gas is supplied.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a system for guiding fluids in the gaseous state of an internal combustion engine includes a suction line and a recirculation line for recirculating the exhaust gas to the internal combustion engine connecting the exhaust line to the suction line Respectively. The recirculation line extends from the bifurcation point formed in the exhaust gas line to the suction line. In this case, a heat transfer device according to the present invention for a vehicle air conditioning system having a heat pump function is formed. The device is arranged to supply the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine in the flow direction of the exhaust gas. The exhaust gas preferably first overflows the heat transfer surface of the coolant-heat exchanger, and then overflows the surface for heat transfer to the refrigerant of the evaporator.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the heat transfer device is disposed within the recirculation line, so that the entire exhaust gas flow that is guided through the recirculation line ultimately flows through the heat transfer device.

In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the heat transfer device is arranged after the branch point in the direction of the exhaust gas flow, so that the exhaust gas line having the branch point and the exhaust gas flow guided to the periphery of the vehicle through the exhaust gas guide member Entirely through the heat transfer device.

According to an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the heat transfer device is disposed in front of the diverging point in the exhaust gas flow direction, so that the entire exhaust gas flow, which is guided to the diverging point through the exhaust gas line, flows through the heat transfer device.

According to one improvement of the present invention, a system for guiding fluids in the gaseous state of an internal combustion engine has an exhaust gas guide member provided with a guide device. In this case, the exhaust gas guiding member is disposed in such a manner as to be branched from the recirculation line next to the heat transfer device in the flow direction of the exhaust gas, and joins or directly adjoins the exhaust gas guiding member leading to the periphery.

The object of the present invention is also solved by a method for operating a refrigerant circulation system according to the present invention. According to the concept of the present invention, the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine is directly supplied to the heat exchanger of the heat transfer device, which operates as the second evaporator, and the refrigerant of the refrigerant circulation system is evaporated during the heat exchanger perfusion.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the exhaust gas is guided through the coolant-heat exchanger of the coolant circulation system before being supplied to the heat exchanger of the heat transfer apparatus, which operates as an evaporator. In this case, heat is transferred from the exhaust gas to the coolant in the coolant circulation system to cool the exhaust gas.

In summary, the heat transfer device according to the present invention and particularly the refrigerant circulation system of the air conditioning system for heating, cooling and dehumidifying a room of a vehicle having a hybrid drive device or an internal combustion engine drive device, A system for guiding fluids in the gaseous state of an internal combustion engine has various advantages as follows:

The insertion of the heat transfer device into the refrigerant circulation system of the heat pump system results in an increase in the efficiency and output power of the system and also that the system can be used in cars with internal combustion engines at an economical cost,

Furthermore, the exhaust gas having a temperature level much higher than the ambient temperature is used as an additional heat source of the refrigerant circulation system, in contrast to the coolant,

- heat can be delivered directly from the exhaust gas to the coolant without intermediate transfer to the coolant,

At a temperature suitable for the refrigerant, in particular the refrigerant oil, for example less than 200 ° C or less than 180 ° C, and even when R134y or R1234yf is used as refrigerant before the exhaust gas releases heat to the refrigerant, It is possible to cool the exhaust gas,

- a heat pump system or heat exchanger is suitable for feeding three fluids, in which case two fluids are used as the heat source for heating, and

- minimum costs for manufacturing, installation and maintenance, as well as a minimum number of parts and associated minimum installation space are realized, the reduced material usage saves resources and also the weight of the vehicle and the moving mass Fewer weights to reduce fuel economy and reduce carbon dioxide emissions.

Further details, features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Explanation of drawings:
1 shows a system for guiding fluids in the gaseous state of an internal combustion engine according to the prior art,
A refrigerant circulation system comprising a first evaporator of an air conditioner unit of a car and a second evaporator of a heat exchanger unit,
Figure 2 shows a refrigerant circulation system with evaporators connected in series with each other, and
Figure 3 shows a refrigerant circulation system with evaporators connected in parallel with each other,
A system for guiding fluids in the gaseous state of an internal combustion engine,
Figure 4 shows a system with a heat exchanger-unit disposed in the exhaust gas guide member leading to the periphery,
Figure 5 shows a system with a heat exchanger-unit arranged in a recirculation line for recirculating the exhaust gas,
Figure 6 shows a system with a heat exchanger-unit disposed in an exhaust line,
Figure 7 shows a system comprising a heat exchanger-unit disposed in an exhaust gas guide member leading to the periphery and a heat exchanger-unit disposed in a recirculation line for recirculating the exhaust gas, and
Figure 8 shows a heat exchanger-unit disposed in a recirculation line for recirculating exhaust gases and a system having an exhaust line that branches off from the recirculation line and extends to the periphery.

Fig. 1 shows a system 1 for guiding fluids in the gaseous state, in particular air and exhaust gas, of the internal combustion engine 2 according to the prior art.

The system 1 has a suction line 3 for sucking combustion air through the air filter 4 of the internal combustion engine 2. The suction line Fresh air from the periphery is sucked through the suction line (3). Air is guided to the internal combustion engine (2) through the charge air cooler (5) in the flow direction (6) of the sucked air and then divided into individual cylinders. The exhaust gas generated in the combustion passes through the exhaust gas line 8 having the exhaust gas after-treatment apparatuses 9a and 9b in the flow direction 7 of the exhaust gas, (14).

The exhaust line (8) and the suction line (3) are fluidly connected to each other through a recirculation line (11) for recirculating the exhaust gas. The recirculation line 11 is charged in the flow direction 6 of the air mass flow sucked with the exhaust gas line 8 after the exhaust gas after-treatment devices 9a, 9b in the flow direction 7 of the exhaust gas mass flow. Connect the suction line (3) in front of the air cooler (5). In this case, the recirculation line (11) branches at the branch point (10) of the exhaust gas line (8). Depending on the state of the guide device 13 formed of an air flap, the partial mass flow of the exhaust gas mass flow to the outside through the exhaust gas guide member 14 and the exhaust gas recirculation through the recirculation line 11 Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > mass < / RTI > In this case, the partial mass flows of the exhaust gas may be divided between 0 and 100%.

After the exhaust gas after-treatment apparatuses 9a and 9b, for example, a recirculation line 11 branching from a branch point 10 disposed next to a particle filter and a catalytic converter in an internal combustion engine 2 driven by a diesel, ) Allows recirculation of the clean exhaust gas. In the exhaust gas recirculation line 11, an exhaust gas-heat exchanger 12 for exhaust gas cooling is formed.

With the exhaust gas recirculation system, the nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas are reduced, especially in the exhaust gases of diesel-powered cars, and the consumption of gasoline-powered cars is reduced. In the case of similar types of exhaust gas recirculation systems, the fresh air sucked into the internal combustion engine (2) is cooled in order to comply with the legal guidelines of the exhaust gas / emission regulations relating to nitrogen oxides as well as other particulates or carbon dioxide Or the uncooled exhaust gas is mixed. In this case, the exhaust gas is drawn out from the exhaust gas section outside the engine, and then supplied to the re-combustion through mixing with the fresh air. Burning at high temperatures produces nitrogen oxides that are harmful to the environment in automotive internal combustion engines, especially when lean mixtures are used, that is, in a part-load operational range. To reduce this nitrogen oxide emissions, it is essential to reduce excess air and lower the high temperature peak during combustion. The relatively lower oxygen concentration of the fuel-air-mixture reduces the rate of combustion process and, in addition, the maximum combustion temperature. These two effects are achieved by mixing the partial mass flow of the exhaust gas with the fresh air flow sucked from the internal combustion engine 2.

However, by the mixing of the recirculated exhaust gas flow having a high temperature, the efficiency of the internal combustion engine 2 is reduced along with the cooling effect. To cope with cooling effects and efficiency reduction phenomena, the exhaust gases are cooled in an exhaust gas-heat exchanger 12, also referred to as an exhaust gas recirculation cooler, prior to mixing.

2 shows a first evaporator 24 of an air condition control unit 27 for conditioning an air mass flow 28 to be supplied to a passenger compartment of a motor vehicle and a heat transfer device 32 (also referred to as a heat exchanger-unit hereinafter) And a second evaporator 26 of a refrigerant circulation system 20. The air mass flow 28 is cooled and / or dehumidified during the perfusion of the air condition control unit 27 and, if necessary, reheated. As a result, the refrigerant-air-heat exchanger 24, which is disposed within the air conditioner unit 27 and operates as a first evaporator 24 for cooling and dehumidifying the air mass flow 28, It is also called evaporator. The refrigerant-air heat exchanger 24, which is formed to heat the air mass flow 28 and which is operated with the first condenser / gas cooler 22a, subsequently to the refrigerant-air-heat exchanger 24 in the flow direction of the air mass flow 28, An air-heat exchanger 22a is provided. For example, when operation is performed below a threshold using refrigerant R134a or when refrigerant is liquefied in certain ambient conditions using carbon dioxide, the heat exchanger is termed a condenser. Some heat transfer takes place at a constant temperature. In the case of operation exceeding a threshold value or when heat is discharged in a heat exchanger exceeding a threshold value, the temperature of the refrigerant is reduced constantly. In this case, the heat exchanger is also referred to as a gas cooler. Exceeding the threshold may occur, for example, in the manner of operation of the refrigerant circulation system using carbon dioxide as the refrigerant or in certain ambient conditions.

The refrigerant circulation system 20 includes a compressor 21, a first condenser / gas cooler 22a and a second condenser / gas cooler 22b in the flow direction of the refrigerant. During the supply of room inlet air 28 to the refrigerant-air-heat exchanger 22a as the first condenser / gas cooler 22a, the refrigerant-air-heat exchanger 22b as the second condenser / gas cooler 22b , The ambient air 30 causes a swirling phenomenon. In this case, the heat is transferred from the refrigerant to the ambient air 30. As a result, the heat released from the refrigerant may flow into the room air inlet 28 in the first condenser / gas cooler 22a and / or into the ambient air 28 in the second condenser / gas cooler 22b, depending on the mode of operation Lt; / RTI > The ambient air 30 or the inflow air 28 is used as a heat sink for the refrigerant, respectively. In the refrigerant circulation system 20, a first expansion member 23 is arranged after the second condenser / gas cooler 22b in the flow direction of the refrigerant and in front of the first evaporator 24. When the refrigerant is perfused through the first expansion member 23, the refrigerant is expanded to the evaporation pressure and supplied to the first evaporator 24.

In addition, the refrigerant circulation system 20 has a heat pump function and can be operated in a heat pump mode or a reheat mode. In order to absorb heat, the refrigerant circulation system 20 further comprises a second evaporator 26 having a forwardly supported second expansion member 25, the second expansion member and the second evaporator having a first expansion Are arranged in series or in series with respect to the member (23) and the first evaporator (24).

The heat exchanger 26 operating as the second evaporator 26 can be supplied with the exhaust gas of the mass flow 29 to be cooled, for example, the automotive internal combustion engine 2. Depending on the need and according to the mode of operation of the refrigerant circulation system 20, the heat can be transferred from the exhaust gas having a high temperature to the refrigerant. In addition, the mass flow 29 to be cooled is used as a heat source for the refrigerant. In the heat pump mode, the heat absorbed from the refrigerant in the second evaporator 26 is raised to a higher temperature level through the compressor 21 and the air mass flow 28 (FIG. 28) to be supplied to the room in the condenser / gas cooler 22a ). ≪ / RTI > In the first condenser / gas cooler 22a, heat is transferred from the refrigerant to the incoming air 28. The refrigerant circulation system 20 is hermetically closed.

The mass flow 29 which cools while simultaneously discharging heat has a higher temperature than ambient air. The second expansion member 25, which is supported in front of the second evaporator 26 in the flow direction of the refrigerant, is used to set a corresponding temperature level in the second evaporator 26 as desired. As a result, the refrigerant circulation system 20 utilizes the mass flow 29 to be cooled, particularly the exhaust gas, passing through the second evaporator 26 as an additional heat source when operating in the heat pump mode or the reheat mode. The refrigerant circulation system 20 also has a condenser / gas cooler 22a as an additional refrigerant-air-heat exchanger 22a for transferring the heat of the refrigerant to the room inlet air 28 at a discharge temperature level.

According to an embodiment not shown in the drawing, the refrigerant circulation system 20 comprises an internal heat exchanger which is located between the second condenser / gas cooler 22b and the first expansion member 23 on the high pressure side and on the low pressure side And is disposed between the second evaporator (26) and the compressor (21). In this case, the internal heat exchanger means a heat exchanger disposed inside the circulation system, which is used for heat transfer between the refrigerant in the high-pressure region and the refrigerant in the low-pressure region. At this time, for example, the refrigerant in the liquid state continues to be cooled even after condensation, and on the other hand, the suction gas is superheated before the compressor 21.

An additional heat source for heating the room is a coolant, for example a coolant in the engine cooling circuit. In this case, the heat is transferred from the coolant through a heating heat exchanger, not shown in the figure, placed between the first evaporator 24 and the first condenser / gas cooler 22a, on the one hand, Can be delivered to the inflow air 28 immediately. On the other hand, the coolant can also be used as a heat source for the refrigerant circulation system 20 for heating the room, especially when operating in the heat pump mode or the reheat mode. Heat is transferred from the coolant in the coolant-heat exchanger (31) to the coolant flowing through the second evaporator (26), in which case the coolant is evaporated. The second evaporator 26 is now formed as a component of a so-called three-fluid-heat exchanger 32, to which the refrigerant, coolant and also the mass flow 29 to be cooled, Gas flow 29 is supplied. Since the three-fluid-heat exchanger 32 is also perfused by fluids such as refrigerant, coolant, and exhaust gas simultaneously or with only two fluids as needed, the heat exchanger may be a heat exchanger- - refrigerant - exhaust gas - heat exchanger - unit. The exhaust gas stream 29 first passes through a coolant-heat exchanger 31 and then through a second evaporator 26, which can then be cooled by a coolant and subsequently by a coolant. The coolant-heat exchanger 31 and the second evaporator 26 may be connected to each other thermally, in particular by a heat conduction method, so that heat can be transferred from the coolant to the coolant by heat conduction.

The three-fluid-heat exchanger 32 is based on the integration of the components for evaporating the refrigerant into the heat exchanger of the coolant circulation system. In this case, the heat transfer surfaces of the refrigerant circulation system 20 and the coolant circulation system are respectively formed in the 3-fluid-heat exchanger 32 and the heat transfer surfaces of the second evaporator 26 are connected to the coolant- Heat exchanger 31 in the flow direction of the exhaust gas flow 29. In this case, The second evaporator 26 of the refrigerant circulation system 20 and the coolant-heat exchanger 31 of the refrigerant circulation system are coupled together so that the heat transfer surfaces can be sequentially perfused by the mass flow 29 to be cooled.

The co-use of the heat transfer surfaces of the coolant circulation system and of the refrigerant circulation system 20 within the 3-fluid-heat exchanger 32 allows heat transfer from the exhaust gas to the coolant in the coolant circulation system and / Heat transfer to the coolant, and, in some cases, heat transfer from the coolant to the coolant without the need for additional space.

3 shows a first evaporator 24 of the air control unit 27 and a second evaporator 26 'of the heat exchanger-unit 32' for conditioning the air mass flow 28 to be supplied to the passenger compartment of the vehicle. And a refrigerant circulation system 20 '. Unlike the refrigerant circulation system 20 of FIG. 2, the first evaporator 24 is connected to the first expansion member 23 supported in the front side in the flow direction of the refrigerant, and the second evaporator 26 ' To the second expansion member 25 'supported in the front in the direction of the arrow. The second evaporator 26 'is disposed in the flow path extending from the branch point 33 to the mixing point 34 together with the second expansion member 25'. The branch point is formed between the first expansion member 23 and the refrigerant-air-heat exchanger 22b operable with the second condenser / gas cooler 22b. The partial mass flows of the refrigerant, which are divided at the branch point 33 into the first evaporator 24 and the second evaporator 26 ', are again mixed at the mixing point 34 formed in the suction line leading to the compressor 21, And is guided to the compressor 21 as a flow.

In the embodiment of the refrigerant circulation system 20 according to FIG. 2, the entire refrigerant flows through both the evaporator 24 and the second evaporator 26, while in the embodiment according to FIG. 3, the refrigerant passes through the first evaporator 24 And a partial mass flow through the second evaporator 26 '. The partial mass flows can then be divided between 0% and 100%. If the evaporators 24, 26 'are simultaneously perfused, the partial mass flows of the refrigerant have the same pressure level and the same temperature level with it. In the case of the embodiment according to FIG. 2, the pressure level or the temperature level in the evaporators 24, 26 is different because the refrigerant is at the inner level of the first evaporator 24 during the perfusion of the second expansion member 25 The second evaporator 26 can be adjusted to an internal level.

The second evaporator 26 'may be a three-fluid-heat exchanger 32' or a heat exchanger-unit 32 'having a coolant-heat exchanger 31', as in the embodiment according to FIG. , Where the heat exchanger-unit may be supplied with a refrigerant, a coolant and a mass flow 29 to be cooled, in particular an exhaust gas stream 29. Again in this case, the exhaust gas stream 29 first passes through the coolant-heat exchanger 31 'and then through the second evaporator 26'. Unlike the embodiment according to FIG. 2, it is only the arrangement of the evaporator 26 'of the heat exchanger-unit 32' inside the refrigerant circulation system 20 '.

In addition, the heat exchanger units 32, 32 'may be arranged at various positions in the system 1 for guiding fluids in the gaseous state of the internal combustion engine 2 of FIG.

Fig. 4 shows the gaseous fluids, especially the air and the exhaust gas, of the internal combustion engine 2 having the heat exchanger unit 32a disposed in the exhaust gas guide member 14 as an exhaust gas line extending to the periphery. The heat exchanger-unit 32a is connected to the second evaporator 26, 26 'of the refrigerant circulation system 20, 20' and the coolant-heat exchanger 31, 31 'of the coolant circulation system, 31 '.

In this case, since the heat exchanger unit 32a is disposed outside the exhaust gas recirculation zone, only the non-recirculated exhaust gas flow 29 is supplied to the heat exchanger unit. The unrecycled exhaust gas stream 29 is an exhaust gas generated during combustion and is connected to the exhaust gas line 8 having the exhaust gas aftertreatment devices 9a and 9b in the flow direction 7, And then discharged to the periphery through the heat exchanger-unit 32a and the exhaust gas guide member 14. Then, Depending on the condition of the guide device 13 formed of a flap, the exhaust gas flow 29 is guided around the exhaust gas guide member 14 as a partial mass flow of the exhaust gas. When the guide device 13 is fully opened, the maximum partial mass flow of the exhaust gas passes through the heat exchanger unit 32a and is guided to the periphery. When the guide device 13 is completely closed, no exhaust gas is supplied to the heat exchanger-unit 32a.

5 shows a system for guiding fluids in the gaseous state of the internal combustion engine 2, in particular air and exhaust gas, having a heat exchanger-unit 32b disposed in a recirculation line 11 for recirculating the exhaust gas The heat exchanger unit 32b is connected to the second evaporators 26 and 26 'of the refrigerant circulation systems 20 and 20' and the coolant-heat exchangers 31 and 31 'of the coolant circulation system Respectively.

By arranging the heat exchanger unit 32b in the exhaust gas recirculation zone, the heat exchanger unit is supplied with the entire exhaust gas flow 29 which is always recirculated. The recirculated exhaust gas flow 29 passes through the exhaust gas line 8 having the exhaust gas post-treatment devices 9a and 9b in the flow direction 7 and the branch point 10 as exhaust gases generated during combustion And then through the recycle line 11 and the heat exchanger unit 32b. The heat exchanger unit 32b is then arranged in the recirculation line 11 to cool the exhaust gas before it is mixed with the fresh air instead of the exhaust gas-heat exchanger 12. Depending on the condition of the guide device 13 formed of the flap, the partial mass flow of the exhaust gas can likewise be guided around the exhaust gas guide member 14, so that as a recirculated exhaust gas flow 29, Only partial mass flow of gas flows through the heat exchanger unit 32b. When the guide device 13 is completely closed, the entire exhaust gas is supplied to the heat exchanger-unit 32b as the recirculated exhaust gas flow 29. [

6 shows a system 1c for guiding fluids, particularly air and exhaust gases, of an internal combustion engine 2 having a heat exchanger unit 32c disposed in an exhaust gas line 8 The heat exchanger unit 32c is formed of the second evaporators 26 and 26 'of the refrigerant circulation systems 20 and 20' and the coolant-heat exchangers 31 and 31 'of the refrigerant circulation system.

The heat exchanger unit 32c is arranged in front of the diverging point 10 of the recirculation line 11 and in front of the exhaust gas recirculation zone in the flow direction 7 of the exhaust gas. Therefore, the heat exchanger-unit 32c is always supplied with the entire exhaust gas flow 29 discharged from the internal combustion engine 2 at all times. The heat exchanger unit 32c at this time also replaces the exhaust gas-heat exchanger 12, which is otherwise disposed in the recirculation line 11, for cooling the exhaust gas before mixing with fresh air.

7 shows a first heat exchanger unit 32a disposed in the exhaust gas guide member 14 as an exhaust gas line extending to the periphery and a second heat exchanger unit 32a disposed in the recirculation line 11 for recirculating the exhaust gas. Unit 1d for guiding fluids, in particular air and exhaust gases, in the gaseous state of the internal combustion engine 2 having a unit 32b, wherein the heat exchanger-units are connected to a refrigerant circulation system 20, 20 And the coolant-heat exchangers 31 and 31 'of the coolant circulation system.

In this case, the first heat exchanger-unit 32a is disposed outside the exhaust gas recirculation zone, similar to the embodiment according to FIG. 4, so that only the non-recirculated exhaust gas stream 29 is introduced into the first heat exchanger- Only. The second heat exchanger unit 32b is arranged in the exhaust gas recirculation zone similar to the embodiment according to Fig. 5, so that the entire exhaust gas flow 29, which is always recirculated to the second heat exchanger unit, do. The heat exchanger unit 32b is arranged in the recirculation line 11 to cool the exhaust gas before it is mixed with the fresh air instead of the exhaust gas-heat exchanger 12. [ Depending on the condition of the guide device 13 formed of the flap, the exhaust gas flow 29 is guided around the exhaust gas guide member 14 as a partial mass flow of the exhaust gas. When the guide device 13 is fully opened, the maximum partial mass flow of the exhaust gas is guided to the periphery through the first heat exchanger unit 32a, and as the recirculated exhaust gas flow 29, The partial mass flow is directed through the second heat exchanger-unit 32b. When the guide device 13 is completely closed, the exhaust gas is not supplied to the first heat exchanger unit 32a and the exhaust gas flow 29 as the recirculated exhaust gas is supplied to the second heat exchanger unit 32b. Gas is supplied. The entire exhaust gas flow 29 discharged from the internal combustion engine 2 is divided or divided through the second heat exchanger unit 32b or the first heat exchanger unit 32a depending on the state of the guide device 13 Or through the first heat exchanger unit 32a or the second heat exchanger unit 32b. On the other hand, the second heat exchanger unit 32b replaces the exhaust gas-heat exchanger 12, which is otherwise disposed in the recirculation line 11, for cooling the exhaust gas before it is mixed with fresh air.

8 shows a system for guiding fluids in the gaseous state of the internal combustion engine 2, in particular air and exhaust gas, having a heat exchanger-unit 32b arranged in a recirculation line 11 for recirculating the exhaust gas 1e and an exhaust gas guide member 16 having a guide device 15 that branches off from the recirculation line 11 and extends to the periphery wherein the heat exchanger unit 32b is connected to a refrigerant circulation system 20 , The second evaporator (26, 26 ') of the refrigerant circulation system, and the coolant-heat exchanger (31, 31') of the coolant circulation system.

The heat exchanger unit 32b is disposed in the exhaust gas recirculation zone similar to the embodiment according to FIG. 5, so that the heat exchanger unit is always connected to the entire heat exchanger unit 32b through the recirculation line 11, The exhaust gas flow 29 is supplied. The exhaust gas flow 29 guided through the branch point 10 is an exhaust gas generated during combustion and passes through the exhaust gas line 8 including the exhaust gas post-treatment devices 9a and 9b in the flow direction 7 And then through the recirculation line 11 and the heat exchanger unit 32b. The heat exchanger unit 32b is then arranged in the recirculation line 11 to cool the exhaust gas before it is mixed with the fresh air instead of the exhaust gas-heat exchanger 12.

Partial mass flow of the exhaust gas mass flow 29 through the recirculation line 11 and the heat exchanger unit 32b together with the state of the second guide device 15 formed of the flap is transmitted to the exhaust gas guide member 16 to be guided to the exhaust gas guide member 14 and also to the periphery so that the partial mass flow of the cooled exhaust gas as the recirculated exhaust gas flow 29 can be guided to the intake And mixed with air. The exhaust gas guide member 16 then extends from the bifurcation point of the recirculation line 11, which is formed after the heat exchanger unit 32b in the flow direction, to the inlet position leading to the exhaust gas guide member 14. According to the embodiment not shown in the drawings, the exhaust gas guide member 16 immediately extends to the periphery. At the first end position of the guide device 15, the entire exhaust gas flow 29 guided through the heat exchanger unit 32b is mixed with the drawn fresh air as the recirculated exhaust gas flow. The exhaust gas guide member 16 is shut off. At the second end position of the guide device 15, the entire exhaust gas flow 29, which is guided through the heat exchanger unit 32b, is discharged to the environment through the open exhaust gas guide member 16. [

Depending on the condition of the guide device 13 formed of the flap, the partial mass flow of the exhaust gas can likewise be guided to the periphery through the exhaust gas guide member 14 and consequently the exhaust gas flow 29 Mass flow only flows through recirculation line 11 and heat exchanger unit 32b. When the guide device 13 is completely closed, the entire exhaust gas is supplied as the exhaust gas flow 29 to the heat exchanger-unit 32b.

A system 1e for guiding fluids in the gaseous state of the internal combustion engine 2 in order to enable the heat transfer from the exhaust gas to the refrigerant at the starting point of the internal combustion engine already having a low exhaust gas temperature, Wherein the arrangement comprises an arrangement for dividing the exhaust gas after the exhaust gas recirculation, the arrangement ensuring guidance of the exhaust gas as a process of being recirculated to or into the internal combustion engine.

1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e: a system for guiding fluids in a gaseous state
2: Internal combustion engine
3: Suction line of fresh air
4: Air filter
5: Charge air cooler
6: Flow direction of the sucked air mass flow
7: Flow direction of exhaust gas mass flow
8: Exhaust gas line
9a, 9b: Exhaust gas aftertreatment device
10: Junction point
11: recirculation line for recirculating exhaust gas
12: Exhaust gas-heat exchanger
13, 15; Guide device of exhaust gas
14, 16: exhaust gas guide member
20, 20 ': Refrigerant circulation system of air conditioning system
21: Compressor
22a: a refrigerant-air-heat exchanger, a first condenser / gas cooler
22b: refrigerant-air-heat exchanger, second condenser / gas cooler
23: first expansion member
24: refrigerant-air-heat exchanger, first evaporator
25, 25 ': the second expansion member
26, 26 ': heat exchanger, second evaporator
27: Air condition control unit
28: Flow direction of air mass flow for room, flow direction of inflow air
29: flow direction of mass flow to be cooled, flow direction of exhaust gas flow
30: Flow direction of ambient air mass flow
31, 31 ': coolant-heat exchanger
32, 32 ', 32a, 32b, 32c: device, three-fluid-heat exchanger, heat exchanger-unit
33: Junction point
34: Mixing point

Claims (13)

A heat transfer device (32, 32 ', 32a, 32b, 32c) for a vehicle air conditioning system having a heat pump function,
- a refrigerant circulation system (20, 20 ') having at least one evaporator (26, 26') and at least one condenser / gas cooler (22a, 22b)
- a coolant circulation system having at least one coolant-heat exchanger (31, 31 '),
At least one surface for heat transfer to the coolant of the refrigerant circulation system (20, 20 ') is formed on the at least one surface for the heat transfer to the coolant of the coolant circulation system, In the heat transfer devices 32, 32 ', 32a, 32b and 32c,
A surface for heat transfer to the refrigerant of the evaporator (26, 26 ') is arranged so that the surface for heat transfer to the coolant and the surface for heat transfer to the coolant are refluxed by a gaseous fluid that releases heat Is formed in a manner integrated with the coolant-heat exchanger (31, 31 '). At least one heat exchanger (24) operating as a first evaporator, a second expansion member (25, 25 ') having a first expansion member (23) for at least one of cooling and dehumidifying the room- (32, 32 ', 32a, 32b, 32c) according to claim 1, comprising a heat exchanger (26, 26') acting as a second evaporator, a compressor (21) A refrigerant circulation system (20, 20 ') of an automotive air conditioning system having a heat pump function, comprising at least one heat exchanger (22a, 22b) for operating the condenser / gas cooler for heating the air. The refrigerant circulation system (20) according to claim 2,
A heat transfer device (32, 32a, 32b, 32c) having the first expansion member (23) and having a heat exchanger (24) acting as a first evaporator and a second expansion member (25) 32c) are arranged in a manner connected in series with each other. The refrigerant circulation system (20 ') according to claim 2,
A heat transfer device (32 ', 32a, 32b) having the first expansion member (23) and having a heat exchanger (24) acting as a first evaporator and a second expansion member (25' 32b, 32c are arranged in such a way that they are connected in parallel with each other. A system (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e) for guiding fluids in the gas state of an automotive internal combustion engine (2) having an exhaust line (8)
The evaporators 26 and 26 'of the refrigerant circulation systems 20 and 20' of the automotive air conditioning system are disposed in the exhaust gas line 8 such that the exhaust gas is directly supplied to the evaporator 26 and 26 ' Wherein the fluid guide system is in a gaseous state. 6. The method of claim 5,
Heat exchangers 31 and 31 'are formed in the refrigerant circulation system 20 and 20' in the flow direction 7 of the exhaust gas. The coolant-heat exchangers 31 and 31 ' Is arranged in the exhaust gas line (8) so that exhaust gas is directly supplied in front of the exhaust gas line (26, 26 '). And a recirculation line (11) for recirculating the exhaust gas to the internal combustion engine (2), which connects the suction line (3) and the exhaust line (8) to the suction line (3) A system (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e) according to claim 5 extending from a branch point (10) formed in an exhaust gas line (8) to the suction line (3)
(31, 32 ', 32a, 32b, 32c) for a vehicle air conditioning system having a heat pump function according to claim 1, Is arranged to be supplied with the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine (2) in the flow direction (7) of the exhaust gas. A system (1b, 1d, 1e) according to claim 7,
The heat transfer devices 32, 32 ', 32b are disposed within the recirculation line 11 so that all of the exhaust gas flow guided through the recirculation line 11 flows through the heat transfer devices 32, 32' 32b of the fluid guide system. A system (1a, 1d) according to claim 7,
Since the heat transfer devices 32, 32 'and 32a are arranged after the branch point 10 in the exhaust gas flow direction 7, the exhaust gas line 8 having the branch point 10, Characterized in that all of the exhaust gas flow guided around the vehicle through the heat transfer device (14) flows through the heat transfer device (32, 32 ', 32a). A system (1c) according to claim 7,
The heat transfer device 32, 32 ', 32c is arranged in front of the branch point 10 in the exhaust gas flow direction 7 so that the exhaust gas guided to the branch point 10 through the exhaust gas line 8 Characterized in that all of the flow flows through the heat transfer device (32, 32 ', 32c). A system (1e) according to claim 8,
The exhaust gas guiding member 16 is provided with a guide device 15 and the exhaust gas guiding member 16 is arranged in the flow direction 7 of the exhaust gas after the devices 32, Is arranged in such a way that it branches from the recirculation line (11) and extends into or around the exhaust gas guide member (14) leading to the periphery. A method for operating a refrigerant circulation system (20, 20 ') according to any one of claims 2 to 4,
The exhaust gas of the automotive internal combustion engine 2 is directly supplied to the heat exchangers 26 and 26 'of the heat transfer devices 32, 32', 32a, 32b and 32c operating as the second evaporator, Wherein refrigerant in said refrigerant circulation system (20, 20 ') evaporates when said refrigerant circulation system (26, 26') is perfused. 13. The method of claim 12,
Before the exhaust gas is supplied to the heat exchangers 26 and 26 'of the heat transfer devices 32, 32', 32a, 32b and 32c, which act as evaporators, the coolant-heat exchangers 31 and 31 ' And the heat is transferred from the exhaust gas to the coolant of the coolant circulation system to cool the exhaust gas.

Images