KR20170065898A - Method for predicting possibility of a traffic accident occurrence on road and device for the same - Google Patents
Method for predicting possibility of a traffic accident occurrence on road and device for the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR20170065898A KR20170065898A KR1020150172245A KR20150172245A KR20170065898A KR 20170065898 A KR20170065898 A KR 20170065898A KR 1020150172245 A KR1020150172245 A KR 1020150172245A KR 20150172245 A KR20150172245 A KR 20150172245A KR 20170065898 A KR20170065898 A KR 20170065898A
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- traffic accident
- link
- reference link
- traffic
- occurrence
- Prior art date
Links
- 206010039203 Road traffic accident Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 36
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000007476 Maximum Likelihood Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013136 deep learning model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003062 neural network model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G06Q50/30—
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/16—Anti-collision systems
- G08G1/161—Decentralised systems, e.g. inter-vehicle communication
- G08G1/163—Decentralised systems, e.g. inter-vehicle communication involving continuous checking
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/16—Anti-collision systems
- G08G1/166—Anti-collision systems for active traffic, e.g. moving vehicles, pedestrians, bikes
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Operations Research (AREA)
- Tourism & Hospitality (AREA)
- Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Discloses a technology for calculating and providing information on the possibility of a traffic accident occurring in a specific time zone in the future from a specific link on the road. For this purpose, a prediction model for predicting the probability of a traffic accident on the specific link can be learned. At this time, learning of the predictive model can be performed using information that can be acquired from other links existing upstream and downstream of the specific link.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE
It can be expected that the probability of a traffic accident on the road will be affected by several factors. For example, the values of the traffic accident occurrence point and the traffic flow at the upstream and downstream thereof, the weather situation at the traffic accident occurrence point and its upstream and downstream, the traffic accident occurrence point, and the geometrical shape of the roads in the upstream and downstream thereof have.
Information on the past and present weather conditions can be obtained from a server of the meteorological office, values relating to the traffic flow can be obtained through the police agency and a private traffic information service company, and values relating to the geometric shape of the road Can be obtained from the road management authority. Further, future information on the above-described values can be obtained as a predicted value according to a predetermined prediction algorithm.
Information on the occurrence of a traffic accident in a specific road section in the past can be obtained through the police agency and the transportation insurance company. However, there is a problem that it is difficult to obtain a predicted value for the possibility of a traffic accident in the future in the specific road section.
The present invention provides a technique for calculating the possibility of a traffic accident on a specific link on a road in a future specific time period. The present invention also provides a technique for providing a possibility of a traffic accident in the front when the vehicle is traveling on the road.
In the present invention, a prediction model can be learned to predict a possibility of a traffic accident on a specific link of a road. At this time, learning of the predictive model can be performed using information that can be acquired from other links existing upstream and downstream of the specific link.
A traffic information providing method according to an aspect of the present invention is a traffic information providing method in which a server provides traffic information to a vehicle, the method comprising the steps of: receiving information on a current position of the vehicle; estimating Calculating a reference link and a time that is expected to reach the reference link, calculating information about a possibility of a traffic accident in the reference link during a future time period including the expected time, And providing the vehicle with information about the possibility of a traffic accident.
The step of calculating includes the steps of preparing a prediction model having a possibility of occurrence of a traffic accident by time in the reference link as a dependent variable and having one or more variables as independent variables, Obtaining a value of the one or more variables in a reference link and assigning the value of the one or more obtained variables to the prediction model to determine a probability of a traffic accident on the reference link in the future time period And a step of calculating a value with respect to < RTI ID = 0.0 >
Here, the at least one variable may be a value related to at least one of traffic volume, speed, linearity, gradient, number of lanes, speed limit, average annual traffic volume, and weather conditions.
And the prediction model is a binomial logit model in which the dependent variable is determined by a linear equation of the independent variables.
The prediction model may include at least one reference link, one or more upstream links positioned upstream in reference to the reference link, and one or more downstream links located downstream in reference to the reference link 'A traffic accident occurrence in each link' and 'a value for one or more variables' acquired for each of a plurality of links, and 'whether or not a traffic accident occurred in each link' and The 'one or more variables' may be obtained for a plurality of times.
A method for predicting the occurrence of a traffic accident according to an aspect of the present invention is a method for predicting a possibility of a traffic accident in a specific time zone on a reference link of a road, Preparing data defining one or more upstream links located upstream in reference to a reference link and a plurality of links including one or more downstream links located downstream in reference to the reference link; And preparing a predictive model having at least one variable for each link as an input variable and having the possibility of occurrence of the traffic accident on the reference link as an output variable, The prediction model is learned using a 'case of occurrence of a traffic accident on each link' and 'one or more variables' .
Wherein, by assigning to the input variable of the learned prediction model the value predicted to have the one or more variables for a future time period with respect to the reference link, And outputting the possibility of occurrence of a traffic accident.
An apparatus for calculating the likelihood of a traffic accident according to an aspect of the present invention includes a road, a reference link, one or more upstream links positioned upstream in reference to the reference link, And calculating a probability of occurrence of a traffic accident in a specific time zone on the reference link by dividing the link into a plurality of links including one or more downstream links, A data acquiring section for acquiring a value relating to at least one of a linearity, a gradient, a number of lanes, a speed limit, an average annual traffic volume, and a weather condition as variables and acquiring a past traffic accident occurrence for the plurality of links, . The calculation unit may include a step of preparing a predictive model having a variable in the plurality of links as an input variable and having the possibility of occurrence of the traffic accident in the reference link as an output variable, And a step of learning the predictive model using 'the occurrence of a traffic accident in each link' and the 'one or more variables' acquired for each of the links.
At this time, the calculation unit may assign the predicted value of the one or more variables to the input variable of the learned prediction model with respect to the reference link during a future time period, And outputting the possibility of the traffic accident in the link.
And the data obtaining unit obtains a value relating to at least one of the traffic volume, the speed, the linearity of the road, the gradient, the number of lanes, the speed limit, the average annual traffic volume, And acquiring the information through the network.
In this case, the information providing unit may further include an information providing unit configured to provide the output possibility of the traffic accident occurrence to a vehicle expected to pass through the reference link during the future time period.
According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a technique for calculating the probability of occurrence of a traffic accident on a specific link on a road in a specific time period of the future. And, when the vehicle is traveling on the road, it is possible to provide a technique for providing a possibility of a traffic accident in the front.
FIG. 1 is a view for explaining a concept of defining roads by dividing them into a plurality of links according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG.
FIG. 2 is a table showing traffic accident information collected on a specific date, and indicates whether or not a traffic accident occurred at each time in each defined link.
FIG. 3 illustrates an example of an equation according to an embodiment of the present invention showing a probability of a traffic accident occurring at a reference link (link0) at a specific time, and a method for obtaining coefficients of this equation.
4 is a flowchart showing a method of determining coefficients of the equation shown in FIG. 3 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
5 is a flowchart illustrating a method for calculating the probability of occurrence of a traffic accident at a future time point on a specific reference link using the formula determined through the algorithm of FIG. 4 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
6 is a flowchart showing a method for providing a possibility of a traffic accident in front of a specific vehicle running on the road according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a table showing an example of data prepared for calculating an equation about the possibility of a traffic accident at a specific time in the link (link-1) 9 in FIG.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein, but may be implemented in various other forms. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of understanding the embodiments and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Also, the singular forms as used below include plural forms unless the phrases expressly have the opposite meaning.
The method for estimating the probability of occurrence of a traffic accident according to an embodiment of the present invention can be performed through the following steps.
First, at step S10, as shown in Figs. 1A and 1B, a
One of the plurality of links shown in FIG. 1 may be selected and referred to as a " reference link ". At this time, the direction in which the vehicle enters the " reference link " is referred to as the upstream direction, and the direction in which the vehicle advances may be referred to as the downstream direction. The link existing in the upstream direction may be referred to as an upstream link, and the link existing in the downstream direction may be referred to as a downstream link. For example, in FIG. 1, when a
Next, in step S20, as shown in FIG. 2, information on whether or not a traffic accident has occurred in each defined link and information on variables in each link can be collected on a time-by-time basis. Here, the time may be defined as one hour unit (ex: H 00: 0 to 01:00) as illustrated in FIG. 2, but may be defined to have a different time length. The meaning of the above-mentioned 'variable' will be explained together with step S40 below.
Information on the occurrence of the traffic accident can be provided by the traffic accident
The traffic
The traffic accident
Next, in step S30, the traffic accident
In the column of the table of Fig. 2, two links (link + 1, link + 2) (11, 12) coming along the traveling direction of the vehicle centered on a link (link0) -2) (9, 8) are displayed. In the row of the table in Fig. 2, there are displayed 24 time periods in which a day is divided into units of one hour. Therefore, 5 * 24 = 120 cells are shown in the table of FIG. Each cell may have a link corresponding to each cell and whether or not a traffic accident has occurred in the time. Here, the link (link 0) 10 may be referred to as a 'reference link' hereinafter. Each row of the table of Fig. 2 is denoted by index i (i = 1 to 24), and each column is denoted by index j (j = 1 to 5).
The table shown in Fig. 2 relating to the reference link (link0) 10 may be configured for a plurality of blades.
Next, in step S40, the traffic accident
The above equation can be given as shown in FIG. 3 (a). 3 (a) shows an example of an equation according to an embodiment of the present invention for calculating the probability of occurrence of a traffic accident on a reference link (link 0) at a specific time zone. Hereinafter, the mathematical expression shown in FIG. 3 (a) will be referred to as "
In Equation (1), y i, j on the left side indicates the possibility of a traffic accident at time (i) and link (j), and may have a value between 0 and 1.
In Equation (1), xk i, j on the right side represents the value of the kth variable corresponding to the time (i) and the link (j) (k is a natural number). The variable xk may be, but is not limited to, traffic volume, speed, linearity, gradient, number of lanes, speed limit, average daily traffic volume, and weather conditions. In FIG. 3 (a), the case where k has only values of 1, 2, and 3 is illustrated, but the maximum value of k may have a larger value according to the embodiment. The variable may have been collected in step S20.
For example, the first variable x1 i, j may mean the amount of traffic at time (i) and link (j). And the second variable x2 i, j can mean precipitation at time (i) and link (j). And the third variable, x3 i, j, can represent the road gradient at the link (j). For example, the road gradient may mean the curvature of the road or the inclination of the road. The third variable is not a value that varies with time, but can be regarded as a variable in that it can have different values for each link. Other possible parameters may exist, but the present invention is not limited in any way by the specific examples of these parameters.
As another variable, for example, the fourth variable may be further considered. This fourth variable x4 i, j can mean road controllability at time (i) and link (j). For example, when the link (j) includes an intersection or a crosswalk, there is a possibility that the road is controlled due to a periodic signal change of the traffic light. Such road control possibilities can be provided based on the flashing period of the traffic lights in the corresponding section.
Now, with reference to FIG. 3 (b), a method of calculating a coefficient to obtain the values of the coefficients a, b, and c will be described.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the coefficient calculation method may be implemented by a binary logit model.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a value related to occurrence of an accident corresponding to each cell (i, j) in the table shown in FIG. 2 is substituted into y i, j in
Such variable assignment can be performed for all 120 cells shown in Table 1. [ As a result, a total of 120 equations can be obtained as shown in Fig. 3 (b). The indeterminate values in the 120 equations are the three coefficients a, b, and c. This coefficient can be determined by applying the maximum likelihood method. That is, if the values of the variables presented in the invention exist in all time zones and roads, the same processing can be performed for all traffic accidents that occurred in the past. By using all values created as shown in FIG. 2 (b) By applying the estimation method, the optimal values of a, b, and c can be determined.
In the above, the optimal values of a, b, and c are determined using the data collected during a single day. However, optimal values of a, b, and c may be determined using data collected for a plurality of days.
Next, in step S50, the mathematical expression indicating the probability of occurrence of a traffic accident by time in the reference link (link 0) 10 can be determined using the determined optimum values a, b, and c.
For example, if it is determined that a, b, and c have 1.3, 3.4, and 0.8, y i, j = 1.3 x i i, j + 3.4 x 2 i, j + 0.8 x 3 i, j As shown in FIG.
4 is a flowchart illustrating an algorithm for determining an equation for predicting the probability of occurrence of a traffic accident over time in a reference link according to an embodiment of the present invention. This flowchart includes steps S10 to S50 described above.
So far, we have shown how to use the data collected in the past to determine the mathematical formulas needed to predict the future.
A method according to an embodiment of the present invention for predicting the probability of a traffic accident at the reference link (link 0) 10 will now be described using the determined formula.
In step S110, the traffic accident
Next, in step S120, the traffic accident
Next, in step S130, the traffic accident
Hereinafter, a method for providing a possibility of a traffic accident in front of a specific vehicle running on the road according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
In step S210, the traffic accident
Hereinafter, it can be assumed that the
In step S220, the traffic accident
In step S230, the traffic accident
In step S240, the traffic accident
FIG. 7 is a table showing an example of data prepared for calculating an equation about the possibility of a traffic accident at a specific time in the link (link-1) 9 in FIG.
In the table of Fig. 7, the reference link may be defined as being a link (link-1) (9). At this time, using the data included in the table of FIG. 7, it is possible to complete the mathematical expression indicating the probability of occurrence of a traffic accident by time in the reference link (link-1) 9.
Since the data included in the tables shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 7 are different from each other, the mathematical expression indicating the probability of occurrence of a traffic accident by time in the reference link (link 0) It may be different from the mathematical expression indicating the possibility of an accident.
For some road sections, information on whether or not a traffic accident occurred may not be obtained. As a result, it may not be possible to generate an optimal traffic accident occurrence prediction equation for the part of the road section using the algorithm according to the embodiment of the present invention described with reference to FIG. In this case, it is possible to select another road section having a gradient condition similar to the above-mentioned road section. If the above equation can be established for the other road section, the determined equation may be applied to the certain road section.
The above equation shows an example of a prediction model for calculating the probability of a traffic accident in a specific reference link in a future specific time zone. The predictive model may be provided as a neural network model such as a BPN (Back Propagation Network) or a Deep Learning model. And thus is not limited by the specific example of the prediction model of the present invention. The prediction model may be a learning model that can be learned by learning data. The learning data may consist of information and variables regarding whether or not a traffic accident occurred in the past. The process of deriving the optimal value according to the binomial logit model described above can also be regarded as a kind of learning process. It can be understood that the independent variable and the dependent variable of the equation used in the binomial logit model described above are input and output variables of the predictive model, respectively. The prediction model can be learned by inputting the learning data collected in advance in the input variable and the output variable of the prediction model.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the essential characteristics thereof. The contents of each claim in the claims may be combined with other claims without departing from the scope of the claims.
Claims (11)
Receiving information about a current location of the vehicle;
Determining a reference link for which the vehicle is expected to arrive in the future and a time when it is expected to reach the reference link;
Calculating information about a possibility of a traffic accident in the reference link during a future time period including the expected time; And
Providing information on the possibility of the traffic accident to the vehicle
/ RTI >
How to provide traffic information.
Wherein the calculating step comprises:
Preparing a predictive model having a possibility of a traffic accident occurring by time in the reference link as a dependent variable and having one or more variables as independent variables;
Obtaining a value of the one or more variables in the reference link predicted for the future time period; And
Calculating a value relating to the probability of occurrence of a traffic accident in the reference link in the future time period by substituting the value of the obtained one or more variables into the prediction model;
/ RTI >
How to provide traffic information.
The prediction model may include:
And a plurality of links constituted by the reference link, one or more upstream links positioned upstream in reference to the reference link, and one or more downstream links located downstream in reference to the reference link, And the value of 'one or more variables' is used in the past, 'whether a traffic accident occurred in each link'
The 'traffic accident occurrence in each link' and the 'one or more variables' are obtained for a plurality of times,
How to provide traffic information.
The road including a plurality of links including one or more upstream links located upstream in reference to the reference link and one or more downstream links located downstream in reference to the reference link, Preparing data defined by dividing the data; And
Preparing a predictive model having one or more variables related to each link as input variables and having the possibility of occurrence of the traffic accident in the reference link as an output variable; And
Learning the predictive model using 'the occurrence of a traffic accident in each link' and the 'one or more variables' acquired for each of the plurality of links in the past;
/ RTI >
A method for predicting the probability of a traffic accident.
By assigning to the input variable of the learned predictive model a value that is predicted to have the one or more variables during a future time period with respect to the reference link, Further comprising the step of:
A method for predicting the probability of a traffic accident.
A value of at least one of a traffic volume, a speed, a linearity, a gradient, a number of lanes, a speed limit, an average annual traffic volume, and weather conditions for a plurality of links is obtained as a variable, A data acquisition unit for acquiring the occurrence of a traffic accident; And
Calculating section;
/ RTI >
The calculation unit may calculate,
Preparing a predictive model having a variable in the plurality of links as an input variable and having the possibility of occurrence of the traffic accident in the reference link as an output variable; And
Learning the predictive model using 'the occurrence of a traffic accident in each link' and the 'one or more variables' acquired for each of the plurality of links in the past;
Lt; / RTI >
A device for calculating the likelihood of a traffic accident.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020150172245A KR20170065898A (en) | 2015-12-04 | 2015-12-04 | Method for predicting possibility of a traffic accident occurrence on road and device for the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020150172245A KR20170065898A (en) | 2015-12-04 | 2015-12-04 | Method for predicting possibility of a traffic accident occurrence on road and device for the same |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
KR20170065898A true KR20170065898A (en) | 2017-06-14 |
Family
ID=59218138
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020150172245A KR20170065898A (en) | 2015-12-04 | 2015-12-04 | Method for predicting possibility of a traffic accident occurrence on road and device for the same |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
KR (1) | KR20170065898A (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20190048823A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2019-05-09 | 주식회사 건영이엔씨 | System and method for creating road risk index using deep learning |
KR20200013274A (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2020-02-07 | 주식회사 건영이엔씨 | Method for evaluating road safety and apparatus for executing the method |
KR20200099966A (en) | 2019-02-14 | 2020-08-25 | 고려대학교 산학협력단 | Method and apparatus for learning based on data including nominal data |
CN111859291A (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2020-10-30 | 北京百度网讯科技有限公司 | Traffic accident recognition method, device, equipment and computer storage medium |
CN112233428A (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2021-01-15 | 腾讯科技(深圳)有限公司 | Traffic flow prediction method, traffic flow prediction device, storage medium and equipment |
CN115565373A (en) * | 2022-09-22 | 2023-01-03 | 中南大学 | Real-time risk prediction method, device, equipment and medium for highway tunnel accident |
-
2015
- 2015-12-04 KR KR1020150172245A patent/KR20170065898A/en unknown
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20190048823A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2019-05-09 | 주식회사 건영이엔씨 | System and method for creating road risk index using deep learning |
KR20200013274A (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2020-02-07 | 주식회사 건영이엔씨 | Method for evaluating road safety and apparatus for executing the method |
KR20200099966A (en) | 2019-02-14 | 2020-08-25 | 고려대학교 산학협력단 | Method and apparatus for learning based on data including nominal data |
CN111859291A (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2020-10-30 | 北京百度网讯科技有限公司 | Traffic accident recognition method, device, equipment and computer storage medium |
US11328600B2 (en) | 2020-06-23 | 2022-05-10 | Beijing Baidu Netcom Science And Technology Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for identifying traffic accident, device and computer storage medium |
CN112233428A (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2021-01-15 | 腾讯科技(深圳)有限公司 | Traffic flow prediction method, traffic flow prediction device, storage medium and equipment |
CN112233428B (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2023-09-22 | 腾讯科技(深圳)有限公司 | Traffic flow prediction method, device, storage medium and equipment |
CN115565373A (en) * | 2022-09-22 | 2023-01-03 | 中南大学 | Real-time risk prediction method, device, equipment and medium for highway tunnel accident |
CN115565373B (en) * | 2022-09-22 | 2024-04-05 | 中南大学 | Expressway tunnel accident real-time risk prediction method, device, equipment and medium |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
KR20170065898A (en) | Method for predicting possibility of a traffic accident occurrence on road and device for the same | |
CN107945507B (en) | Travel time prediction method and device | |
CN109670277B (en) | Travel time prediction method based on multi-mode data fusion and multi-model integration | |
Anand et al. | Data fusion-based traffic density estimation and prediction | |
Kumar et al. | Short-term traffic flow prediction using seasonal ARIMA model with limited input data | |
CN107844848B (en) | Regional pedestrian flow prediction method and system | |
US11222532B2 (en) | Traffic control support system, traffic control support method, and program recording medium | |
KR20150128712A (en) | Lane-level vehicle navigation for vehicle routing and traffic management | |
Loulizi et al. | Steady‐State Car‐Following Time Gaps: An Empirical Study Using Naturalistic Driving Data | |
CN104899663A (en) | Data prediction method and apparatus | |
CN102346964A (en) | Real-time jam prediction and intelligent management system for road traffic network area | |
Aron et al. | Traffic indicators, accidents and rain: some relationships calibrated on a French urban motorway network | |
Bharadwaj et al. | Deriving capacity and level-of-service thresholds for intercity expressways in India | |
Schnitzler et al. | Combining a Gauss-Markov model and Gaussian process for traffic prediction in Dublin city center. | |
CN116431923A (en) | Traffic travel prediction method, equipment and medium for urban road | |
CN111862583B (en) | Traffic flow prediction method and device | |
CN104169986A (en) | Method for model construction for a travel-time database | |
Pandey et al. | Assessment of Level of Service on urban roads: a revisit to past studies. | |
JP6885063B2 (en) | Information processing equipment, information processing systems, and programs | |
CN111582527A (en) | Travel time estimation method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium | |
Anagnostopoulos et al. | Predicting Roundabout Lane Capacity using Artificial Neural Networks. | |
US20230349706A1 (en) | Computational model for creating personalized routes based at least in part upon predicted total cost of claim frequency or severity | |
Axer et al. | Signal timing estimation based on low frequency floating car data | |
JP6628700B2 (en) | Weather information forecasting device and power demand forecasting device | |
Louah et al. | Traffic operations at an entrance ramp of a suburban freeway first results |