KR20170060321A - Gas sensing apparatus and method that allows classification and detection of mixed gas - Google Patents

Gas sensing apparatus and method that allows classification and detection of mixed gas Download PDF

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KR20170060321A
KR20170060321A KR1020150164611A KR20150164611A KR20170060321A KR 20170060321 A KR20170060321 A KR 20170060321A KR 1020150164611 A KR1020150164611 A KR 1020150164611A KR 20150164611 A KR20150164611 A KR 20150164611A KR 20170060321 A KR20170060321 A KR 20170060321A
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South Korea
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gas
vector
target gas
sensor data
database
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KR1020150164611A
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Korean (ko)
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KR101766376B1 (en
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김철기
이택진
이석
서민아
김재헌
강종윤
전영민
정영모
신범주
문희규
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한국과학기술연구원
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
    • G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
    • G01N33/0031—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector comprising two or more sensors, e.g. a sensor array
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
    • G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
    • G01N33/0031—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector comprising two or more sensors, e.g. a sensor array
    • G01N33/0034—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector comprising two or more sensors, e.g. a sensor array comprising neural networks or related mathematical techniques
    • G06F19/705—

Abstract

The gas sensing device includes: a sensor unit configured to output sensor data in response to input gas; A database storing a database including a first vector which is sensor data outputted from the sensor unit for at least one single gas; And a detection unit configured to detect an object gas by comparing the sensor data of the object gas of the sensor unit with the expansion database based on the database and generating an expansion database including a second vector corresponding to the at least one mixed gas, . According to the gas sensing apparatus, both a single gas and a mixed gas can be recognized and classified by using a single gas database.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0001] The present invention relates to a gas sensing apparatus and a gas sensing apparatus,

Embodiments relate to a gas sensing device and method, and more particularly, to an apparatus and method for classifying and detecting a gas mixture based on a single gas database.

Recently, as the interest in the environment and the indoor and outdoor air quality and the demand for the technology have increased, the market related to the atmospheric monitoring and alarm system targeting the home and industrial has been expanded.

However, general semiconductor sensors have a problem of weak gas selectivity as a single sensor based gas sensor. For example, there is a problem that a commercially available carbon monoxide (CO) sensor reacts simultaneously with a gas such as hydrocarbon (HC) gas or volatile organic compounds (VOC). As a result, when detecting a specific target gas, the detection accuracy is lowered by only one sensor.

As a method for solving such a problem, it is possible to detect and distinguish the gas by comparing the reaction pattern of the target gas with the obtained reaction pattern. However, in order to apply the above method, a database should be established for all cases including a mixture gas between a plurality of target gases and a target gas. However, various types of mixed gases and various ratios and various types of reaction conditions such as concentration, It is practically impossible to construct a database for all cases.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-2002-0065871 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-1996-0027399

One aspect of the present invention is directed to a technique capable of recognizing and distinguishing gas in a vapor phase of a single and mixed material. According to the embodiments of the present invention, it is possible to provide a gas sensing device and method capable of distinguishing and detecting a single gas as well as a mixed gas using only a single gas database.

A gas sensing device according to an embodiment includes a sensor unit configured to output sensor data in response to an input gas; A database storing a database including a first vector which is sensor data outputted from the sensor unit for at least one single gas; And a detection unit configured to detect an object gas by comparing the sensor data of the object gas of the sensor unit with the expansion database based on the database and generating an expansion database including a second vector corresponding to the at least one mixed gas, .

In one embodiment, the detection unit generates a principal component analysis space having one or more predetermined components as axes, and detects the target gas by projecting sensor data on the expansion database and the target gas to the principal component analysis space Lt; / RTI >

In one embodiment, the detection unit determines the type of the target gas based on the spatial proximity of sensor data for the target gas for each of the first vector and the second vector in the principal component analysis space Lt; / RTI >

In one embodiment, the detection unit determines the kind of the target gas based on whether sensor data for the target gas is located within a predetermined radius from each of the first vector and the second vector in the principal component analysis space Lt; / RTI >

In one embodiment, the second vector corresponds to a vector sum between a plurality of the first vectors.

In one embodiment, the expansion database comprises: a primary expansion database including the first vector and the second vector; And a secondary expansion database including the first vector, the second vector, and a third vector corresponding to a vector sum of the first vector and the second vector or a vector sum of the plurality of second vectors .

In one embodiment, the detecting unit may be configured to detect the target gas by comparing the sensor data of the target gas with the primary expansion database, and when the target gas is not detected, And to compare the data with the secondary expansion database to detect the target gas.

In one embodiment, the sensor section includes a gas sensor array comprising a plurality of gas sensors configured to output sensor data in response to a single, different gas.

A gas sensing method according to an embodiment includes inputting at least one single gas to a sensor unit; Generating a database including a first vector that is sensor data output from the sensor section for the at least one single gas; Generating an expansion database based on the database, the expansion database including a second vector corresponding to at least one gas mixture; Inputting a target gas to the sensor unit; And detecting the target gas by comparing the sensor data of the target gas of the sensor unit with the expansion database.

In one embodiment, the step of detecting the target gas includes the steps of: generating a principal component analysis space on the basis of at least one predetermined component; And detecting the target gas by projecting sensor data on the expansion database and the target gas to the principal component analysis space.

In one embodiment, the step of detecting the target gas by projecting to the principal component analysis space may include a step of detecting spatial proximity of the sensor data for the target gas with respect to the first vector and the second vector in the principal component analysis space, And determining the type of the target gas based on the degree of the target gas.

In one embodiment, the step of determining the type of the target gas based on the spatial proximity comprises the steps of: obtaining sensor data for the target gas from the first vector and the second vector in the principal component analysis space in advance And determining whether the position is within a set radius.

In one embodiment, the second vector corresponds to a vector sum between a plurality of the first vectors.

In one embodiment, the step of generating the expansion database includes: generating a primary expansion database including the first vector and the second vector; And a second expansion database including the first vector, the second vector, and a third vector corresponding to a vector sum of the first vector and the second vector or a vector sum of the plurality of second vectors .

In one embodiment, detecting the target gas includes comparing sensor data for the target gas with the primary expansion database to attempt detection of the target gas; And detecting the target gas by comparing sensor data of the target gas with the secondary expansion database when the target gas is not detected.

According to an aspect of the present invention, an extended DB is created based on a single gas pattern database (DB), and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) based on a single extended DB is performed on the collected vector It is possible to provide a gas sensing device and method capable of recognizing the type and mixture of gas using the spatial information in the PCA space and recognizing both the single gas and the mixed gas using only the single gas DB.

In recent years, as the environmental issue has become an important issue, the sensitivity of the sensor as well as the response of the selective reaction have become important. Therefore, the importance of the signal processing method that can compensate the selective reactivity of the sensor is increasing. The gas sensing apparatus and method according to the embodiments of the present invention are in conformity with this recent trend, and can be applied to monitoring of indoor air quality in kindergartens and schools, monitoring of toxic substances in industrial complexes or chemical complexes, It can be used for analysis of safety accident materials.

1 is a schematic block diagram of a gas sensing device according to one embodiment.
2 is a perspective view of a sensor portion of a gas sensing device according to an embodiment.
3 is a graph illustrating an extended database (DB) projected into a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) space according to one embodiment.
4A to 4C are graphs for explaining a process of analyzing sensor data of an unknown gas using an extended DB in a PCA space according to an embodiment.
5 is a flow chart of a gas sensing method according to one embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating the similarity between the extended DB and actual mixed gas characteristics according to one embodiment.

Hereinafter, some embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Prior to this, terms and words used in the present specification and claims should not be construed as limited to ordinary or dictionary terms, and the inventor should appropriately interpret the concepts of the terms appropriately The present invention should be construed in accordance with the meaning and concept consistent with the technical idea of the present invention.

Therefore, the embodiments described in the present specification and the configurations shown in the drawings are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to represent all of the technical ideas of the present invention, so that there are various equivalents and modifications It should be understood.

1 is a schematic block diagram of a gas sensing device according to one embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 1, the gas sensing apparatus according to the present embodiment includes a sensor unit 10, a storage unit 20, and a detection unit 30. Each of the portions 10,20, 30 may be entirely hardware, or may have aspects that are partially hardware and partly software. That is, each of the sensor unit 10, the storage unit 20, and the detection unit 30 may collectively refer to a device constituting the gas sensing device and software related thereto. The terms "sensor," "unit," or "device" are used herein to refer to a combination of hardware and software driven by that hardware. Where the hardware may comprise a data processing device comprising a CPU or other processor. Also, the software driven by the hardware may refer to a running process, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a program, and the like.

The sensor unit 10 is a part for acquiring a pattern for a gas including various gas sensors and obtaining sensor data for an unknown gas. In one embodiment, the sensor portion 10 comprises a plurality of gas sensors arranged in an array, wherein each gas sensor is configured to output sensor data in response to gases of a different kind. The specific configuration of the sensor unit 10 will be described later in detail with reference to FIG.

The storage unit 20 is a part for storing the sensor data output from the sensor unit 10 in the form of a database (DB) for various gases. The DB of the storage unit 20 stores sensor data of the sensor unit 10 for at least one type of single gas known in advance and a pattern for comparing the sensor data of the unknown gas with patterns of various gases in the DB Unknown gas can be detected through a pattern matching process. Each sensor data included in the DB may be in the form of a vector having one or more predetermined values of one or more principal components as one dimension.

The detection unit 30 is a unit for generating an extended DB based on the DB stored in the storage unit 20 and detecting an unknown single gas or a mixed gas based on the expanded DB. In embodiments, the DB stored in the storage 20 includes sensor data for one or more single gases for which the type is known in advance. At this time, the sensing unit 30 estimates the sensor data for the mixed gas in which a plurality of single gases are mixed by using the sensor data of the DB stored in the storage unit 20, and adds the sensor data thus predicted to the existing DB An extended DB can be created. Thereafter, by comparing the sensor data on the unknown gas with the extended DB and the pattern matching method, it is possible to perform classification and detection of the unknown gas. This will be described later in detail with reference to FIG. 3 to FIG.

2 is a perspective view of a sensor portion of a gas sensing device according to an embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 2, the sensor unit may include a plurality of gas sensors 101-109 for sensing different types of single gases and outputting sensor data. The plurality of gas sensors 101-109 may be arranged in an array on the substrate 100. [ Each of the gas sensors 101-109 is in the form of a film having a nanostructure, and outputs sensor data in response to a specific kind of gas. To this end, each of the gas sensors 101-109 may be provided with one or more receptors that generate electrical energy by reacting with a specific substance contained in the gas. Each of the gas sensors 101-109 is provided with an electrode so that sensor data can be output in the form of an electric signal through the electrode. Further, the sensor array structure may further include a heater 110 disposed on the substrate 100, an insulating film 120 disposed on the heater 110, and the like. Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > 101-109 < / RTI >

However, the shape of the sensor portion described above with reference to FIG. 2 is merely exemplary, and the sensor portion according to embodiments may have any structure capable of obtaining sensor data for various single gases, and is not limited to a particular shape.

In embodiments of the present invention, the sensor data may be in the form of a vector with one or more predetermined principal components of each of the various data obtained by the sensor. The main component may be different depending on the type of the sensor and the type of the target gas, and may be a specific aspect such as amplitude or frequency of a sensor signal corresponding to a specific mass or mass to charge ratio. Each vector of the sensor data can also be expressed as a spatial vector in a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) space centered on each principal component.

3 is a graph illustrating an extended DB projected into a PCA space according to an embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 3, a DB stored in a storage of a gas sensing device according to embodiments can be experimentally generated by obtaining sensor data for one or more single gases. F A (301) and f B (302) in Fig. 3 represent sensor data obtained for single gas A and single gas B, respectively. In this specification, the sensor data obtained for a single gas, such as f A (301) and f B (302), is also referred to as the first vector. Assuming that the PCA space is a space having the principal components x and y as axes, f A (301) and f B (302) can be expressed by the following equations (1) and (2), respectively.

Figure pat00001

Figure pat00002

The detection unit of the gas sensing apparatus according to the embodiments detects the sensor data on the mixed gas A + B of the single gas A and the single gas B using the first vectors f A (301) and f B (302) Can be predicted. In this specification, such predicted sensor data is also referred to as a second vector. An extended DB is created by adding the second vector to the first vector described above. The sensor data for the mixed gas A + B can be assumed to be a vector f A + B (311) obtained by an arbitrary function f n having f A (301) and f B (302) as variables. Specifically, Is defined by the following equation (3).

Figure pat00003

4A to 4C are graphs for explaining a process of analyzing sensor data of an unknown gas using an extended DB in a PCA space according to an embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 4A, when the sensor data f C (320) for the unknown gas C is obtained, first, it is determined whether the unknown gas is a single gas using f C (320) and spatial distribution information of the first vectors of DB can do. If the distance d CA between the sensor data f C 320 for the unknown gas and the first vector f A 301 is less than the predetermined radius r A for the first vector, Gas A can be determined. Similarly, when the distance d CB between the sensor data f C 320 and the first vector f B 302 for the unknown gas is smaller than the predetermined radius r B for the first vector, the unknown gas C Can be determined to be a single gas B. If the sensor data f C 320 for the unknown gas is not within a predetermined radius (r A , r B ) from either f A 301 or f B 302, then the unknown gas C is a single gas It can be determined that the gas is a mixed gas.

Referring to FIG. 4B, when the unknown gas C is a mixed gas, the unknown gas C can be classified and detected by performing an additional comparison with the second vectors of the extended DB. That is, if the sensor data f C (320) for the unknown gas is not within a predetermined radius (r A , r B ) from either f A 301 or f B 302, The spatial distribution between the data f C 320 and the second vector f A + B 311 of the extended DB can be checked. (D C, A + B ) between the sensor data f C 320 for the unknown gas and the second vector f A + B 311 is greater than the radius (r A + B ) preset for the second vector If it is small, it can be determined that the unknown gas C is the mixed gas A + B of the single gases A and B.

In one embodiment, the expansion DB in the comparison process described above with reference to FIG. 4B may further include a third vector predicting sensor data for a mixture gas and a single gas or mixture gas. 4A and 4B, the extended DB includes a second vector f A + B obtained by summing the first vectors f A and f B. However, in another embodiment, the extended DB may be the first extended DB, and the sum of any one of the first and second vectors (e.g., f A + f A + B or f B + f A + B ) Or a second extended DB including a third vector obtained by summing a plurality of second vectors. Further expansion of such an extended DB may be performed more than once if necessary to sufficiently identify the unknown gas.

Referring to Figure 4c, an unknown gas C is a single gas A, if it is determined that is not all of a single gas B, or a gas mixture A + B, the sensor data of the unknown gas C f C (320) is the above-mentioned f A, can be represented by a vector obtained by an arbitrary function f n having one or more of f B , f A + B , d CA , d CB , d C and A + B as a variable, 5 < / RTI >

Figure pat00004

Figure pat00005

5 is a flow chart of a gas sensing method according to one embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 5, at least one single gas having a known type may be input to the sensor unit (S1), and DB may be generated through the sensor data output from the sensor unit for the at least one single gas (S2). To this end, the sensor section may comprise an array of a plurality of gas sensors configured to detect a single gas of a different kind from one another.

Next, an extended DB can be created by extending the generated DB with respect to the mixed gas (S3). Each sensor data of a DB generated through a single gas can be expressed in the form of a first vector having a specific principal component as a dimension. At this time, it is possible to generate the second vector, which is the predicted sensor data for the mixed gas of the single gases, through the sum between the first vectors of the DB, and the extended DB is created by adding the second vector to DB. In one embodiment, after the first expansion DB is created by adding the second vector, the third vector generated through the vector sum of the first vector and the second vector, or the vector sum between the plurality of second vectors, A second extended DB may be created to further include the second extended DB.

In order to classify and detect the unknown gas, a gas of unknown kind is inputted into the sensor unit (S4), and the target gas can be detected by comparing the sensor data of the target gas with the expansion DB. The comparison of the sensor data and the expansion DB with respect to the target gas can be performed by evaluating each vector of the sensor data and the expansion DB based on the spatial proximity in the PCA space. If the extended DB is divided into one or more orders, the sensor data for the target gas is first compared with the first extended DB (S5), and as a result, it is determined that the target gas does not correspond to any mixed gas of the first extended DB , The sensor data for the target gas can be compared with the secondary expansion DB (S6). However, the extended DB may be composed of only one DB, and in this case, the steps S5 and S6 may be integrated into one step.

FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating the similarity between the extended DB and actual mixed gas characteristics according to one embodiment.

In FIG. 6, the patterns 601, 602 and 603 represent sensor data obtained for the single gases NH 3 , NO 2 and CO, respectively, and patterns 611, 612 and 613 are obtained by using the expansion DB according to an embodiment The sensor data predicted for the mixed gas NH 3 CO, NH 3 NO 2 and NO 2 CO, respectively, are shown. The patterns 621, 622, and 623 represent sensor data obtained by inputting actual mixed gases NH 3 CO, NH 3 NO 2, and NO 2 CO to the sensor, respectively. 6, the pattern 611 and the actual pattern 621 of the extended DB, the pattern 612 and the actual pattern 622 of the extended DB, the pattern 613 of the extended DB and the actual pattern 623, Are located very close to each other. This means that the extended DB obtained according to the embodiments based on the DB for a single gas is very similar to the characteristic value of the actual mixed gas. According to the embodiments, the mixed gas is efficiently classified And can be detected.

While the invention has been shown and described with reference to certain embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. However, it should be understood that such modifications are within the technical scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the true scope of the present invention should be determined by the technical idea of the appended claims.

Claims (15)

A sensor unit configured to output sensor data in response to the input gas;
A database storing a database including a first vector which is sensor data outputted from the sensor unit for at least one single gas; And
A detection unit configured to detect an object gas by comparing the sensor data of the object gas of the sensor unit with the expansion database based on the database and generating an expansion database including a second vector corresponding to at least one mixed gas, Gas sensing device.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the detection unit is further configured to detect a target gas by generating a principal component analysis space centered on one or more predetermined components and projecting sensor data on the expansion database and the target gas to the principal component analysis space, .
3. The method of claim 2,
Wherein the detection unit is further configured to determine a type of the target gas based on spatial proximity of sensor data for the target gas for each of the first vector and the second vector in the principal component analysis space, .
The method of claim 3,
Wherein the detection unit is further configured to determine a type of the target gas based on whether sensor data for the target gas is located within a predetermined radius from each of the first vector and the second vector in the principal component analysis space Sensing device.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the second vector corresponds to a vector sum between a plurality of the first vectors.
6. The method of claim 5,
The expansion database includes:
A primary expansion database including the first vector and the second vector; And
And a second expansion database comprising a first vector, a second vector, and a third vector corresponding to a vector sum of the first vector and the second vector or a vector sum of a plurality of the second vectors, Sensing device.
The method according to claim 6,
The detecting unit includes:
Comparing the sensor data for the target gas with the primary expansion database to try to detect the target gas,
And to detect the target gas by comparing sensor data for the target gas with the secondary expansion database if the target gas is not detected.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the sensor section comprises a gas sensor array comprising a plurality of gas sensors configured to output sensor data in response to a single, different gas.
Inputting at least one single gas into the sensor section;
Generating a database including a first vector that is sensor data output from the sensor section for the at least one single gas;
Generating an expansion database based on the database, the expansion database including a second vector corresponding to the at least one gas mixture;
Inputting a target gas to the sensor unit; And
And detecting the target gas by comparing the sensor data of the target gas of the sensor unit with the expansion database.
10. The method of claim 9,
Wherein the step of detecting the target gas comprises:
Generating a principal component analysis space on the axis of at least one predetermined component; And
And detecting the target gas by projecting sensor data on the expansion database and the target gas to the principal component analysis space.
11. The method of claim 10,
Wherein the step of detecting the target gas by projecting to the principal component analysis space comprises the steps of: detecting, based on the spatial proximity of the sensor data for the target gas for each of the first vector and the second vector in the principal component analysis space, And determining the type of the target gas.
12. The method of claim 11,
Wherein determining the type of target gas based on the spatial proximity comprises determining whether the sensor data for the target gas is within a predetermined radius from each of the first and second vectors in the principal component analysis space And determining whether the gas is a gas.
10. The method of claim 9,
Wherein the second vector corresponds to a vector sum between a plurality of the first vectors.
14. The method of claim 13,
Wherein the step of generating the expansion database comprises:
Generating a primary expansion database including the first vector and the second vector; And
Generating a second expansion database including the first vector, the second vector, and a third vector corresponding to a vector sum of the first vector and the second vector or a vector sum of the plurality of the second vectors; . ≪ / RTI >
15. The method of claim 14,
Wherein the step of detecting the target gas comprises:
Comparing the sensor data for the target gas with the primary expansion database to attempt detection of the target gas; And
And detecting the target gas by comparing the sensor data for the target gas with the secondary expansion database if the target gas is not detected.
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20180137986A (en) * 2017-06-20 2018-12-28 엑센도 주식회사 Apparatus for sensing harmful substance
KR102250477B1 (en) * 2019-12-05 2021-05-10 울산대학교 산학협력단 Apparatus and method for providing gas information

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20180137986A (en) * 2017-06-20 2018-12-28 엑센도 주식회사 Apparatus for sensing harmful substance
KR102250477B1 (en) * 2019-12-05 2021-05-10 울산대학교 산학협력단 Apparatus and method for providing gas information

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