KR20170022767A - Scheduling apparatus and method for charging and discharging energy storage system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to energy storage system and method. The energy storage system comprises a battery, and a charge/discharge scheduling module. The charge/discharge scheduling module includes an operation unit and a backward tracking unit. The operation unit is configured to generate, based on predicted values of a power generation amount, predicted values of a usage amount, and power charges over multiple time intervals a day, a minimum power price that minimizes the sum of power prices over multiple time intervals and one or more minimum power price schedules that satisfy the minimum power price, wherein each of the one or more minimum power price schedules is composed of the power prices for the multiple time intervals. The backward tracking unit is configured to track the one or more minimum power price schedules backward with respect to the maximized lifespan of the battery and to select an optimal schedule from the one or more minimum power price schedules.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to an energy charging / discharging scheduling apparatus and a scheduling method,

The present invention relates to an energy storage device, and more particularly, to an energy storage device and method for controlling charge and discharge of power in an efficient and optimized manner.

Conventionally, electricity is purchased and used from an electric grid in a home or an industry, and a charge is calculated by the charge used by the electric grid. In recent years, power generation facilities using sunlight and / or wind power may be installed in homes or industries, and there may be a case where a plurality of power network providers are not single. Under these various energy environments, the energy storage device serves as a buffer to integrate power from different sources and to supply appropriate energy to the home load.

Various technologies have also been proposed, such as variable tariffs, where electricity rates are set differently by summer and winter or by day and night, respectively. Variable rates are made possible by the latest Smart Grid technology, for example, time-of-use (TOU) rates. This can be accomplished by assigning different charge levels, such as two or three, such as relatively inexpensive 'off-peak' rates, medium mid-peak rates, and relatively expensive 'on- . Such a variable rate scheme can have the effect of allowing the user to use the electricity at the time when the inexpensive off-peak charge is applied.

Conventionally, charging / discharging scheduling of ESS has been proposed in order to enable efficient use of energy under a variable rate system. For example, Korean Patent Registration No. 10-1281309 discloses a method and system for analyzing load prediction data and power generation prediction data to control charging and discharging of an energy storage device so as to increase low-cost power generation and reduce expensive power generation such as LNG and oil. A scheduling technique is exemplified. In this way, for the electric charge / discharge schedule, the prediction data related to the usage amount and the power generation amount in the load are used as inputs. In reality, however, the patterns of usage and generation vary from day to day, so that the energy storage schedule of the energy storage device derived from the predicted usage and power generation will differ from the actual usage and generation patterns. Due to this difference, for example, there may be cases where the current usage is less than the scheduled discharge amount. In the scheduling technique using the conventional usage amount as described above, it is difficult to predict an accurate usage amount, so that it is difficult to efficiently schedule the charge and discharge.

Korean Registered Patent No. 10-1281309 (Registered on June 26, 2013)

Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2011-0117469 (published on October 27, 2011)

Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2014-0077680 (published on June 24, 2014)

Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2014-0075617 (published on June 19, 2014)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above problems and it is an object of the present invention to provide a variable rate system such as a time-of-use (TOU) plan in consideration of both cases where there is no power generation facility using solar light or wind power, And to provide a new energy storage device and method that can control charging and discharging of an energy storage device in an efficient and optimized manner under a low temperature environment.

Specifically, the present invention predicts the generation amount and the usage amount for 24 hours in units of one hour, calculates the charging / discharging schedule of the energy storage device through dynamic programming based on the estimated generation amount and the usage amount And to provide a new energy storage device and method.

The present invention also provides a method of calculating a charge / discharge schedule according to a plurality of paths of an energy storage device based on a predicted power generation amount and a usage amount, And to provide a new energy storage device and method for deriving a charge / discharge schedule of an optimum path by efficient backward tracing taking into account the power consumption of the battery.

Further, the present invention provides a new energy storage device and method for correcting such a difference in real time when the charge / discharge schedule of the energy storage device derived based on the predicted power generation amount and usage amount differs from the actual power generation amount and usage pattern The purpose of that is to do.

This object is achieved by an energy storage device, a method and an associated software program provided in accordance with the present invention.

An energy storage device according to an aspect of the present invention includes a battery and a charge and discharge scheduling module, wherein the charge and discharge scheduling module includes an operation unit and a backward tracing unit, Based on information on power generation predictions, usage forecasts, and power charges for a period, a minimum power cost that minimizes a sum of power costs over the plurality of time periods, and at least one minimum Wherein the at least one minimum power cost schedule is configured to generate power cost schedules, wherein each of the at least one minimum power cost schedule comprises power costs for the plurality of time intervals, Back-tracking based on maximizing the life of the battery so that the at least one minimum power cost And to select an optimal schedule among the schedules.

In one embodiment, the backtrace component is further configured to determine a value of battery remaining quantities, each of which achieves power costs for the plurality of time intervals constituting the optimal schedule.

In one embodiment, the computing unit calculates the power cost in the current time period in an ignition form with the power cost in the previous time period according to the following formula, so that the minimum power cost and the at least one minimum power And is further configured to generate a cost schedule:

Here, P _c represents a charged power amount, P _d represents a discharge power amount, x represents a charging amount (positive value) or discharge amount (negative value) of the corresponding time, t is an index indicating a time period , cost (t, x, w) represents the cost when the battery remaining amount at the previous time interval t-1 is x, the battery remaining amount at the current time interval t becomes w, and D [t , w] represents the power cost in the current time interval, and D [t-1, x] represents the remaining battery power in the previous time interval.

In one embodiment, the back-tracking unit may sequentially calculate x values close to the remaining battery power w in the current time interval.

In one embodiment, a correction unit configured to correct the charging / discharging operation of the battery based on the optimum schedule based on information on actual generation amounts, actual usage amounts, and actual battery remaining amounts for the plurality of time periods .

In one embodiment, the power generation predictions may be fixed to zero.

In one embodiment, the correcting unit may be configured to: (1) if the power rate for each time interval of the plurality of time intervals is higher than the middle rate corresponding to the middle of the power rates of the plurality of time intervals, (2) if the power charge for the corresponding time period is not higher than the intermediate charge, (a) comparing the target SOC with the current SOC, and (B) comparing the target SOC with the current SOC, and if the target SOC is equal to or less than the target SOC, discharging the battery by the actual usage amount for the corresponding time period And to modify the optimal schedule.

In one embodiment, the correcting unit corrects, for each time period of the plurality of time periods, the difference between the estimated power generation amount and the actual generated power generation amount, the difference between the used amount predicted value and the actually used usage amount, (1) when a power charge for the corresponding time period is higher than an intermediate charge corresponding to an intermediate power rate of the plurality of time periods, (a) the charge / And corrects the optimum schedule so that the battery is charged by subtracting the actual usage amount from the actual generation amount if the actual generation amount for the corresponding time period is larger than the actual usage amount for the corresponding time period, and (b) If the actual power generation amount is not larger than the actual usage amount for the corresponding time period, (2) when the electric power charge for the corresponding time interval is the intermediate rate, (a) the actual time measurement for the corresponding time interval (B) if the actual generation amount for the corresponding time period is less than the actual generation amount for the corresponding time period, if the generation amount is larger than the actual usage amount for the corresponding time period, (Ii) if the target SOC is not greater than the current SOC, if the target SOC is not greater than the current SOC, When the battery is discharged by the amount of actual generation power for the corresponding time period minus the actual usage amount for the corresponding time period (I) if the target SOC is greater than the current SOC, (i) if the target SOC is greater than the current SOC, (iii) if the target SOC is greater than the current SOC, If a value obtained by subtracting an actual use amount of the corresponding time section from an actual power generation amount is greater than a value obtained by subtracting an expected use amount for the corresponding time section from the power generation amount estimate for the corresponding time section, (Ii) if it is determined that the battery is being charged, subtracting the expected usage amount for the corresponding time period from the estimated generation amount for the corresponding time period, and (B) comparing the target SOC with the current SOC, (I) if the actual power generation amount for the corresponding time period is larger than the actual generation amount for the corresponding time period, the actual generation amount for the corresponding time period is subtracted from the actual usage amount for the corresponding time period (Ii) if the actual power generation amount for the corresponding time period is smaller than the actual usage amount for the corresponding time period, the control unit corrects the optimum schedule for the corresponding time period And to correct the optimal schedule so as to discharge the battery by subtracting the actual usage amount for the battery.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a charge / discharge control method for an energy storage device. The charge / discharge control method of the present energy storage device includes: receiving information on power generation predictions, usage prediction values, and power charges for a plurality of time periods of one day; Generating at least one minimum power cost schedule that meets the minimum power cost and the minimum power cost at which the sum of the power costs over the plurality of time intervals is minimized, And generating an optimal schedule among the at least one minimum power cost schedule by backtracking the at least one minimum power cost schedule based on maximizing the life of the battery Step < / RTI >

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a computer-readable recording medium recording a program for charge / discharge control of an energy storage device. A program for charge / discharge control of an energy storage device includes instructions that when executed by a computer, receive information on power generation predictions, usage estimates and power charges for a plurality of time periods of a day ; Generating at least one minimum power cost schedule that meets the minimum power cost and the minimum power cost at which the sum of the power costs over the plurality of time intervals is minimized, And generating an optimal schedule among the at least one minimum power cost schedule by backtracking the at least one minimum power cost schedule based on maximizing the life of the battery .

According to the present invention, in the case where there is no power generation facility using solar or wind power in the home or industry, energy storage in an efficient and optimized manner under a variable rate such as time-of-use (TOU) It is possible to provide a new energy storage device and method that can control charging and discharging of the device.

Specifically, the present invention calculates a charging / discharging schedule of an energy storage device through dynamic programming based on a power generation predicted value and a usage predicted value, so that not only when there is no power generation facility under a variable rate, Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > and / or < / RTI >

The present invention also provides a method of calculating a charge / discharge schedule based on a plurality of paths of an energy storage device based on a power generation predicted value and a usage predicted value and then calculating a charge / It is possible to provide a new energy storage device and method that can optimize the power usage charge while reducing the battery cost for power storage by deriving the charge / discharge schedule of the optimal path by efficient backtracking considering the power consumption.

Further, in the case where the charging / discharging schedule of the energy storage device derived based on the power generation predicted value and the usage predicted value is different from the actually generated power and the usage pattern, this difference can be corrected in real time, A new energy storage device and method capable of controlling discharge can be provided.

1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a consumer equipped with an energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a system to which a charging / discharging scheduling apparatus of an energy storage apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied
3 is a schematic block diagram illustrating the configuration of a charge and discharge scheduling module for scheduling charging and discharging of a battery in an energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a process of a charging / discharging scheduling method executed in an operation unit, a back trace unit, and a correction unit of a charge / discharge scheduling module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram for intuitively explaining dynamic programming used in the energy charge / discharge scheduling method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a pseudo-code illustrating a concrete procedure of dynamic programming used in the energy charge / discharge scheduling method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an example of an energy charge / discharge scheduling method according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 7,
FIG. 8 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a real-time correction process when there is no power generation amount used in the electric charge / discharge scheduling method according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a real-time correction process when power generation amount is used in the electric charge / discharge scheduling method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The advantages and features of the present invention and the manner of attaining them will become apparent with reference to the embodiments described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The present invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the invention to those skilled in the art. To fully disclose the scope of the invention to a person skilled in the art, and the invention is only defined by the scope of the claims.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention. For example, an element expressed in singular < Desc / Clms Page number 5 > terms should be understood to include a plurality of elements unless the context clearly dictates a singular value. In addition, in the specification of the present invention, it is to be understood that terms such as "include" or "have" are intended to specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, components, The use of the term does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, parts or combinations thereof.

As used herein, the term " module " or " module " means a functional part that performs at least one function or operation, and may be implemented in hardware or software or a combination of hardware and software. In addition, a plurality of 'modules' or a plurality of 'parts' may be integrated into at least one module except for 'module' or 'module' which needs to be implemented by specific hardware, and may be implemented by at least one processor.

In addition, all terms used herein, including technical or scientific terms, unless otherwise defined, have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be construed as meaning consistent with meaning in the context of the related art and may be interpreted in an ideal or overly formal sense unless explicitly defined in the specification of the present invention It does not.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, well-known functions or constructions will not be described in detail if they obscure the subject matter of the present invention.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a consumer equipped with an energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

An energy storage device 100 installed in a customer stores and holds energy in order to increase the energy utilization efficiency, and supplies the energy stored by the user to the customer in a time zone where the energy use is high or the electricity rate is high or the user selectively stored. The energy storage device 100 may be separately installed and supplied with electric power from the external power grid 10 at a time when the energy use is low or the electric charge is relatively low, May store the power produced by the generator. In FIG. 1, the photovoltaic power generation system 20 and the energy storage system 100 are illustrated as an example, and the power generated by the solar power generation system 20 is stored in the energy storage system 100.

FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a system to which a charging / discharging scheduling apparatus of an energy storage apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied.

2, a power system including an energy storage device 100 coupled to a generator 22, a load 24, and an external power network 26 is illustrated. The energy storage device 100 includes a chargeable and dischargeable battery 120, and a charge and discharge scheduling module 140 for controlling charge and discharge by generating charge and discharge schedules. The charge / discharge scheduling module 140 in accordance with the present invention may generate a charge / discharge schedule for the battery 120 in an optimized manner under a variable charge.

If there is no generator 22 and there is no power to sell to the external power grid 26 and only the power is purchased from the external power grid 26, The problem can be formulated as: < RTI ID = 0.0 >

는 i번째 시간 구간(time interval)의 전력 구매 단가이고,

는 i번째 시간 구간의 충전량 또는 방전량이다.

가 양의 값이면 충전량을 의미하고 음의 값이면 방전량을 의미한다.

는 부하에서 소비되는 사용량이다.

는 배터리의 용량이다.

는 충전 전력이고,

는 방전 전력이다.In Equation (1) above,

Is the power purchase price of the i < th > time interval,

Is the charge amount or the discharge amount of the i-th time section.

A positive value means a charge amount, and a negative value means a discharge amount.

Is the amount consumed in the load.

Is the capacity of the battery.

Is the charging power,

Is the discharge power.

에만 의존한다. 심플렉스 메소드와 같은 선형 프로그래밍 기법과 동적 프로그래밍(dynamic programming) 기법이 이러한 문제를 풀기 위하여 적용될 수 있다.In this example, it is assumed that the battery is charged and discharged at a constant amount of power. This results in a linear programming problem, in which case the optimal solution is only the power purchase unit

Lt; / RTI > Linear programming techniques such as simplex methods and dynamic programming techniques can be applied to solve this problem.

는 전력 구매 단가

보다 작게 또는 동일하게, 또는 0(zero)로 정해질 수 있다.On the other hand, if there is a generator 22, such as a solar generator, in the home, it may now sell power as well as purchase electricity from the external power grid 26. Electricity unit price can be variously determined according to the national policy in the interests of the government, electric power producers and consumers. Electricity selling price

Power purchase price

Less than or equal to, or zero (0).

가 전력 구매 단가

와 동일하게 책정된 경우에, 즉

=

이고, 발전량

가 0이 아닐 때, 가장 저렴하게 에너지를 소비하도록 ESS의 충방전을 스케줄링하는 문제는 아래 수학식 2와 같이 정식화될 수 있다:For example,

Power purchase price

Is the same as

=

And the power generation amount

Is non-zero, the problem of scheduling the charging and discharging of the ESS to consume the least energy can be formulated as: < RTI ID = 0.0 >

는 i번째 시간 구간의 전력 구매 단가이고,

는 i번째 시간 구간의 충전량 또는 방전량이다.

가 양의 값이면 충전량을 의미하고 음의 값이면 방전량을 의미한다.

는 부하에서 소비되는 사용량이다.

는 발전기에서 생산되는 발전량이다.

는 배터리(120)의 용량이다.

는 충전 전력이고,

는 방전 전력이다.In the above equation (2)

Is the power purchase price of the i < th > time period,

Is the charge amount or the discharge amount of the i-th time section.

A positive value means a charge amount, and a negative value means a discharge amount.

Is the amount consumed in the load.

Is the amount of power generated by the generator.

Is the capacity of the battery 120.

Is the charging power,

Is the discharge power.

에만 의존한다. 심플렉스 메소드와 같은 선형 프로그래밍 기법과 동적 프로그래밍 기법이 이러한 문제를 풀기 위하여 적용될 수 있다.The problem formulated in Equation (2) becomes a linear programming problem as in the case where the power generation amount of Equation (1) does not exist, and the optimal solution is only the power purchase unit

Lt; / RTI > Linear and dynamic programming techniques such as simplex methods can be applied to solve this problem.

가 전력 구매 단가

와 다르게 책정될 수 있다. 전력 판매가를 전력 구매가보다 싸게 책정하면, 소비자는 자가 발전된 전력을 판매하지 않고 대부분 스스로 소비하려고 할 것이다. 정부 입장에서는 에너지 절약을 유도할 수 있다는 이점이 있다. 반대로 전력 판매가를 전력 구매가보다 비싸게 책정하면, 전력 생산자 입장에서는 피크 시간대의 전력 공급의 안전성을 추가할 수 있다.For another example,

Power purchase price

Can be set differently. If the electricity price is lower than the electricity price, the consumer will try to consume most of the electricity without selling it. The government has the advantage of saving energy. Conversely, if the electricity price is set higher than the electric power purchase price, it is possible for the electric power producer to add the safety of the electric power supply at the peak time.

과

이 서로 다르고, 발전량

가 0이 아닐 때, 가장 저렴하게 에너지를 소비하도록 에너지 저장 장치(100)에서 배터리(120)를 충방전하는 스케줄링하는 문제는 아래 수학식 3과 같이 정식화될 수 있다:In the case where the electricity price and the electric power purchase price are different from each other,

and

Are different from each other,

The problem of scheduling the charging and discharging of the battery 120 in the energy storage device 100 so as to consume the lowest possible energy can be formulated as Equation 3 below:

는 i번째 시간 구간의 전력 구매 단가이고,

는 i번째 시간 구간의 전력 판매 단가이다.

는 i번째 시간 구간의 충전량 또는 방전량이다.

가 양의 값이면 충전량을 의미하고 음의 값이면 방전량을 의미한다.

는 부하에서 소비되는 사용량이다.

는 발전기에서 생산되는 발전량이다.

는 배터리(즉, 도 2의 배터리(120)에 대응)의 용량이다.

는 충전 전력이고,

는 방전 전력이다. 또한, 수학식 3에서

는 인디케이터 함수이다. 즉

가 존재하면

의 값은 1이고,

가 존재하지 아니하면

의 값은 0이다.In the above equation (3)

Is the power purchase price of the i < th > time period,

Is the electricity selling unit price of the i-th time period.

Is the charge amount or the discharge amount of the i-th time section.

A positive value means a charge amount, and a negative value means a discharge amount.

Is the amount consumed in the load.

Is the amount of power generated by the generator.

(I.e., corresponding to the battery 120 of FIG. 2).

Is the charging power,

Is the discharge power. In Equation 3,

Is an indicator function. In other words

Is present

Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > 1,

If there is no

Lt; / RTI >

In this case, linear programming can not be applied since the linearity of the objective function is not established. Therefore, dynamic programming or other nonlinear programming methods must be applied to solve the problem.

As another example, there may be cases where power can not be sold at all. It is currently using this policy in Europe to strongly drive consumer electricity consumption in the home. In this case, if there is power remaining in the battery even though the battery is fully charged by self-generated power in the home, the current will flow to the external power grid without any financial compensation.

= 0 이고, 발전량

가 0이 아닐 때, 가장 저렴하게 에너지를 소비하도록 에너지 저장 장치(100)에서 배터리(120)를 충방전하는 스케줄링하는 문제는 아래 수학식 4와 같이 정식화될 수 있다:In the case where the power sale price is set to zero in this way,

= 0, and the power generation amount

The problem of scheduling the charging and discharging of the battery 120 in the energy storage device 100 to consume the lowest cost energy can be formulated as: < RTI ID = 0.0 >

는 i번째 시간 구간의 전력 구매 단가이고,

는 i번째 시간 구간의 충전량 또는 방전량이다.

가 양의 값이면 충전량을 의미하고 음의 값이면 방전량을 의미한다.

는 부하에서 소비되는 사용량이다.

는 발전기에서 생산되는 발전량이다.

는 배터리(즉, 도 1의 전력 저장부(16)에 대응)의 용량이다.

는 충전 전력이고,

는 방전 전력이다. 또한, 수학식 4에서

는 인디케이터 함수이다. 즉

가 존재하면

의 값은 1이고,

가 존재하지 아니하면

의 값은 0이다.In Equation (4) above,

Is the power purchase price of the i < th > time period,

Is the charge amount or the discharge amount of the i-th time section.

A positive value means a charge amount, and a negative value means a discharge amount.

Is the amount consumed in the load.

Is the amount of power generated by the generator.

(I.e., corresponding to the power storage unit 16 in Fig. 1).

Is the charging power,

Is the discharge power. In Equation 4,

Is an indicator function. In other words

Is present

Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > 1,

If there is no

Lt; / RTI >

In this case, linear programming can not be applied since the linearity of the objective function is not established. Therefore, dynamic programming or other nonlinear programming methods must be applied to solve the problem.

The above equation (4) can be considered as the most likely policy to be adopted most in the future. Hereinafter, an embodiment using scheduling using dynamic programming according to the present invention will be described, focusing on the case where the selling price is set to zero as described above. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described and that a scheduling technique using dynamic programming according to the present invention can be applied to all of the various cases described above will be.

3 is a schematic block diagram illustrating the configuration of a charge and discharge scheduling module 140 for scheduling charging and discharging of a battery 120 in an energy storage device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The charge / discharge scheduling module 140 may include an operation unit 142, a backward tracing unit 144, and a correction unit 146.

The computing unit 142 computes power costs over a plurality of time intervals based on information on power generation g estimates, usage estimates, and power charges p for a plurality of time periods of a single day And generates at least one minimum power cost schedule that satisfies the minimum power cost and the minimum power cost at which the sum is minimum. In one embodiment, if the scheduling period is 24 hours with 24 time periods (i), the power generation g predictions and the usage amount l predictions are obtained by dividing a specific day into units of one hour, (G) and the amount (l) for 24 hours. In one embodiment, the predicted values of power generation amount g and usage amount 1 may be calculated based on past data. For example, the predicted values of the electricity generation amount g and the usage amount I may be calculated simply by averaging the amount of electricity generated and the amount of electricity consumed during the previous month. In addition, various methods for calculating the predicted values may be used. However, when calculating the predicted values of the input data used in the present invention, various existing and future prediction methods can be used without limitation.

The operation unit 142 generates a minimum power cost and at least one minimum power cost schedule by calculating the power cost in the current time interval in an ignorable form with the power cost in the previous time interval according to an embodiment of the present invention can do. In one embodiment, the arithmetic part 142 may process the computation in the recursive form with dynamic programming.

Each of the minimum power cost schedules generated by the computing unit 142 corresponds to the charge / discharge schedule of the battery 120 and is based on the minimum power cost, so that a plurality of minimum power cost schedules can be generated. For example, a schedule for repeating the charging / discharging of the battery once and a schedule without charge / discharge of the battery can all be found as a solution satisfying a constant minimum charge criterion. However, when considering the life of the battery, it is advantageous that the number of charging / discharging is small.

The tracking unit 144 may be configured to track at least one minimum power cost schedule based on maximization of the lifetime of the material to select an optimal schedule among at least one minimum power cost schedule according to an embodiment of the present invention . In one embodiment, the trailing unit 144 may be further configured to determine a value of battery residuals that respectively achieve power costs for a plurality of time intervals that constitute an optimal schedule. In one embodiment, the trailing unit 144 may sequentially calculate the battery remaining amount x at a previous time interval t-1 close to the battery remaining amount w in the current time interval.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the correcting unit 146 corrects the charge / discharge operation of the battery by the optimum schedule based on the measured power generation amounts, actual usage amounts, and actual battery remaining amounts for a plurality of time intervals can do. In one embodiment, the power generation estimates for a plurality of time intervals may be fixed at zero.

In one embodiment, each of the operation unit 142, the back trace unit 144, and the correction unit 146 may be implemented as application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs) logic devices, FPGAs (field programmable gate arrays), processors, controllers, micro-controllers, and microprocessors.

In one embodiment, each of the computing unit 142, the backtracking unit 144, and the corrector 146 may be firmware / software executable on a hardware platform that allows performing at least one function or operation. And may be implemented in software codes. The software code may be implemented by software applications written in a suitable programming language. The software codes may be stored in the own memory of the operation unit 142, the back trace unit 144, and the correction unit 146, respectively, or may be stored in a separate storage unit (not shown) and then called and executed.

4 is a schematic flowchart illustrating a charging / discharging scheduling method executed by the operation unit 142 and the trailing unit 144 of the charging / discharging scheduling module 140. Referring to FIG.

Charging and discharging  In the schedule calculation step 420,

In one embodiment, the charge / discharge schedule can be calculated on the basis of the predicted value of the power generation amount g and the usage amount 1, and information on the predicted charge information p. In one embodiment, the charge / discharge schedule calculation step calculates the charge / discharge schedule based on information on power generation predictions, usage estimates, and power charges for a plurality of time periods of one day, At least one minimum power cost schedule that meets the minimum power cost and the minimum power cost. In one embodiment, each of the at least one minimum power cost schedule may be configured with power costs for a plurality of time intervals.

In one embodiment, the minimum power cost D [t, w] when the remaining amount of the battery 120 is w at the time interval t can be expressed as an ignition form with the minimum costs of the previous time as follows: have.

In the above equation (5), wherein, P _c denotes a charging electric power, P _d represents a discharge electric energy, x denotes the charge of the time (if positive value) or a discharge amount (if the value of the notes), t is Cost (t, x, w) is an index indicating a time interval when the battery remaining amount at the previous time interval t-1 is x and the remaining battery amount at the current time interval t is w D [t, w] represents the power cost in the current time interval, and D [t-1, x] represents the battery remaining amount in the previous time interval.

In one embodiment, the charging and discharging schedule calculating step may be such that the minimum power cost is obtained by using dynamic programming based on the power generation amount (g) prediction value, the usage amount (1) prediction value, The minimum power cost schedule can be found. In one embodiment, dynamic programming can be used to find the minimum power cost schedule.

5 is a schematic diagram for intuitively explaining dynamic programming used in the energy charge / discharge scheduling method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 5, a simple example of dynamic programming is shown intuitively as a graph. In the example shown, the battery is assumed to have an initial charge of 0 kWh, charge and discharge at 1 kW and charge up to 2 kWh. In the graph, the horizontal axis shows the battery's charge status as three points: 0kWh, 1kWh, 2kWh. In the graph, the vertical axis shows five time points 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4. Depending on the predicted power generation and usage, the state of the battery moves to 0 kWh, 1 kWh, or 2 kWh as the time point increases, and as the battery repeats charging and discharging over time, do. Each of these paths corresponds to a charge / discharge schedule of the battery.

FIG. 6 is a pseudo-code illustrating a concrete procedure of dynamic programming used in the energy charge / discharge scheduling method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 6, for the "Fill DP matrix" portion, D [t, w] represents the minimum cost when the battery remaining amount is w in the t time period. Cost (t, x, w) represents the cost when battery residual quantity x at time t-1 becomes battery residual quantity w at time t.

In one embodiment, the dynamic programming starts at t = 1 and starts at t = 24, i.e. starting at D [1, w] and then up to D [24, w]. It is assumed that the value of w is predetermined. For example, if the battery capacity C is 2kWh and the battery remaining amount is expressed in 1kWh, w values are 0, 1, and 2, respectively. In this case, the values of D [1, 0], D [1, 1] and D [1, 2] are calculated first as initial values. (1, 0, w) for w = 0, 1, assuming that P_c = 1 and the remaining battery power at initial time is 0. And since w = 2, it is not possible (since the amount that can be charged per hour is 1, it can not be 2). Then, D [2, w] to D [24, w] are filled. The value of the object w that needs to be calculated is from 0 to C.

(T-1, x) by setting the value of x to be max (w - P_c, 0) to min (x + P_c, C) after setting the value of D [t, w] + cost (t, x, w) is calculated, and if the value is smaller than the previously stored value, the value is renewed (using the recurrence formula of the above equation (5)). The meaning of x is the battery level of the previous time. According to one embodiment, in the example shown in FIG. 5, the previous time battery remaining x value when w = 2 is 1, 2, and not 0. Since it can not change from 0 to 2 within one hour, there is no need to consider it.

In one embodiment, the x value can be stored in I [t, w] when the value of D [t, w] is updated. The x value can mean the remaining battery time at the previous time when the minimum value of [t, w] is achieved. In one embodiment, the optimal schedule can be obtained by following I [24, w] sequentially.

The "Get final energy" part of the numerical code of FIG. 6 is a code for finding w that achieves the minimum cost of the last time D [24, w].

On the other hand, among the numeric codes shown in FIG. 6, the "Get optimal scheduling solution opt" part can use the stored I [t, w] array to obtain an optimal schedule. Retrieve the value from I [24, finalenergy]. I [24, finalenergy] is set to preindex, and the value in I [23, preindex] is found again, and this value is reindexed to find I [22, preindex]. In this way, I [1, preindex] can be traced. The retrieved values are stored in opt [24] through opt [1] in turn, and these values become the optimal schedule. Here, the schedule means an array of battery residual amounts corresponding to each time, and can be expressed as one path.

The backtrace operation step (440)

Referring back to FIG. 4, a backtrace operation step 440 will be discussed.

The dynamic programming according to an embodiment is only focused on deriving a solution that minimizes the objective function (minimum power cost schedule), so that it does not matter what property the solution (schedule) has if the minimum power cost is the same . For example, if schedules (3, -3, 3, ...) and schedules (3, 0, 0, ...) have the same minimum power cost, schedules (3, -3, .) Can repeat the charging and discharging once, and the schedule (3, 0, 0, ...) can maintain the battery state without charge and discharge. When the latter considers the battery life, the first harmonic of the electrons can be simply derived as the optimal solution because of the same minimum power cost, despite better rejection.

In one embodiment, each of the searched paths corresponds to a minimum power cost schedule and is based on a minimum power cost, so multiple paths can be found rather than a single path. For example, a schedule for repeating the charging / discharging of the battery once and a schedule without charge / discharge of the battery can all be found as a solution satisfying a constant minimum charge criterion. However, when considering the life of the battery, it is advantageous that the number of charging / discharging is small. Taking this into account, an effective backtracking technique is needed to prevent unintentional charging and discharging of the battery.

In the trace back operation step, when there are a plurality of paths (i.e., schedules) found in the operation step 304, the optimal path can be selected by tracing each path based on the minimization of battery life.

FIG. 7 is a numeric code illustrating a concrete procedure of the backtrace operation in the charge / discharge scheduling module 140 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 7, when the values of D [2, w] to D [24, w] are filled in order, In the example shown in FIG. 4, it is 0, 1, and 2. (T-1, x) by setting the value of x as max (w-P_c, 0) to min (x + P_c, C) after setting the value of D [t, w] + cost (t, x, w) is calculated. If this value is smaller than the previously stored value, the value is updated.

In one embodiment, it is possible to calculate in order from the x value close to the battery offset w in the current time interval. Simply checking the states sequentially, such as from a small value to a large value, or from a large value to a small value, the unconditionally the smallest value or the largest value is selected if several states can make the least cost. In practice, however, the best state value is the smallest difference between the state at the current time point and the state at the next time point. The fact that the difference is small means that the amount of charge and discharge of the battery is small from the previous time to the present. Therefore, when tracing backward, the state search order is changed to search from the proximity value.

For example, it is necessary to perform calculations for x values between max (w-P_c, 0) and min (x + P_c, C), but it is possible to reduce the number of charge and discharge by changing the order of calculation. That is, the calculation is performed in order from the closest value in w, not sequentially from the smallest value max (w-P_c, 0) to the largest value min (x + P_c, C). In the example shown in FIG. 5, x = 1, 0, 2 are calculated in the order of x = 0, 1, and 2 instead of w = 1. Starting from 1, decreasing starting from 1, then starting from 1 and increasing.

Charging and discharging  The schedule correction step (460)

Referring again to FIG. 4, a charge / discharge schedule correction step 460 will be described.

The charge / discharge schedule correction step is a step of correcting the schedule generated in accordance with the predicted value in real time based on the actual information. The calculation of the minimum power cost schedule and the selection of the optimal schedule are based on the predicted power generation and consumption. It is practically impossible to predict to have exactly the same value as the actual power generation amount and the usage amount. Therefore, it is possible to incur cost loss rather than by inaccurate prediction. Therefore, it is necessary to correct the generated schedule in real time according to the incorrect predicted value.

The correction step can correct the discharge / charge control according to the schedule based on the state of charge (SOC) of the battery, the difference (net) between the generated amount and the used amount.

FIG. 8 is a schematic flowchart illustrating a real-time correction process in the absence of power generation, used in the energy charge / discharge scheduling method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The biggest problem with forecast errors is that you can discharge more than your current usage. If the amount of electricity generated is 0, discharging more than the amount of usage will damage it unconditionally. Therefore, it is corrected to discharge only the amount of usage (load) exactly through the real-time correction process 700. When charging, charge the amount determined by the schedule.

Referring to FIG. 8, a real-time correction process 800 is shown in the absence of power generation. Illustrated cases are shown for three fare levels, middle and lower. The target SOC means the battery remaining amount according to the schedule, and the present SOC means the actual battery remaining amount. The time zone 802 in which the charge is high is modified to discharge only the unconditional charge (load) 804. (814). If the target SOC is larger (Yes in 814), the target SOC is charged to the schedule (816). If the target SOC is not greater (814), the target SOC is compared with the target SOC No), it is corrected so as to discharge only the amount of usage (load) (818). (824), the target SOC is compared with the current SOC (824). If the target SOC is larger (Yes in 824), the schedule 824 is charged to the schedule 826. If the target SOC is not greater (No)), it is corrected so as to discharge only the usage amount (load) (828).

In one embodiment, if the power charge for each time interval of the plurality of time intervals is higher than the middle rate corresponding to the middle of the power rates of the plurality of time intervals, If the target SOC is greater than the target SOC and the target SOC is greater than the median charge, the target SOC is compared with the current SOC if the target SOC is greater than the median charge, SOC are compared with each other, and if the target SOC is equal to or smaller than the target SOC, the optimum schedule can be modified so as to discharge the battery by the actual usage amount for the corresponding time period.

9 is a schematic flowchart illustrating a real-time correction process when there is an amount of power used in the energy charge / discharge scheduling method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In this case, both the generation amount and the usage amount should be considered. Once discharged, you must discharge exactly -net (= usage - power generation). However, we predicted that the power generation would be less than the usage, and the discharge was instructed in the schedule. In reality, the power generation amount may be more than the usage amount. In this case, do not discharge, but charge net (= actual power generation - actual usage). When charging, if the charge is cheaper, there is no big problem even if it charges by the amount indicated in the schedule. However, charging from the middle rate zone can be a problem if the power generation forecast error is large. If a large amount of electricity is predicted to be generated by a large amount of electric power, and if the electric power generation amount is actually small, the unnecessary power is purchased from the external electric power network and charged. This results in purchasing power at a higher price than the original schedule. In consideration of this point, the charge is maintained only in the net state (= generation amount-consumption amount) at the mid-price section, and in the neutral state where neither the charge nor the discharge is discharged.

Referring to FIG. 9, a real-time correction process 900 is shown when power generation is present. In one embodiment, power costs are shown for the three levels of charge, medium, and low. The target SOC means a battery charge amount according to a schedule. (904), and if it is positive (Yes in 904), the charging is performed for the net (904). If the net is not true (No in 904) (908).

The time zone 912 in which the charge is low compares the target SOC with the current SOC 913 and compares 914 the actual net with the schedule net (schedule generation amount-schedule usage amount) when the target SOC is larger (Yes in 913) . If the actual net is larger than the schedule net (Yes in 914), it is charged to the actual net (915). If the actual net is not larger than the schedule net (No in 914) .

The time zone 922 in which the price is intermediate is judged whether or not the actual net is greater than 0 (923). If it is positive (Yes in 923) (924). In the case where the target SOC is larger (Yes in 924), a neutral state in which no charging is performed and no discharge is maintained (926), and when the target SOC is not larger (No in 924) (928).

In one embodiment, the step of correcting may include, for each time period of the plurality of time periods, a difference between the power generation predicted value and the corresponding actual generation amount, a difference between the used amount predicted value and the actual usage amount, The discharge operation can be corrected.

In one embodiment, the step of calibrating comprises the steps of: if the power charge for the corresponding time period is higher than the intermediate rate corresponding to the middle of the power rates of the plurality of time periods, If the actual power generation amount is larger than the usage amount, the optimum schedule is adjusted so as to charge the battery by subtracting the actual usage amount from the actual generation amount. If the actual generation amount for the corresponding time period is not larger than the actual usage amount for the corresponding time period, If the actual electricity generation amount for the corresponding time section is larger than the actual usage amount for the corresponding time section and the actual usage amount is subtracted from the actual usage amount for the corresponding time section Correct the optimal schedule to charge the battery as much as possible, If the target SOC is greater than the current SOC, the battery does not charge and discharge and the current state is maintained. If the target SOC is not greater than the current SOC, If the target SOC is greater than the current SOC when the power charge for the corresponding time interval is lower than the intermediate charge, and if the target SOC is greater than the current SOC, If the value obtained by subtracting the actual use amount of the corresponding time section from the actual generation amount with respect to the time section is greater than the value obtained by subtracting the usage amount prediction value with respect to the corresponding time section from the power generation amount prediction value with respect to the relevant time section, You can modify the optimal schedule to charge the battery by subtracting the actual usage for The target SOC is compared with the current SOC, and if the target SOC is equal to or smaller than the target SOC, The optimum schedule is corrected so as to charge the battery by subtracting the actual use amount for the corresponding time period from the actual generation amount for the corresponding time period, and the actual schedule for the corresponding time period is measured If the power generation amount is smaller than the actual usage amount for the time period, the optimum schedule can be modified to discharge the battery by subtracting the actual usage amount for the corresponding time period from the actual generation amount for the corresponding time period.

A computer executable software program for energy storage charge / discharge scheduling is also provided in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. The charging / discharging scheduling method of the energy storage device described above with reference to the drawings can be implemented as a computer-executable software program that can be executed by a processor of a computing device including a processor, a memory, and an input / output device. A computing device may include a computing device in a distributed computing environment in which a plurality of computing devices cooperate, such as a personal computer, a server, a cloud computer, a notebook, a tablet PC, a smart phone, a general purpose computing device, a special purpose computing device, . The computer-executable software program may exist in various forms, such as an independent application, an applet, an add-on, an instruction, a module, etc. and may be written and stored on a storage device such as a memory, a hard disk, a USB, an optical disk, And may be transmitted through a communication network.

While the present invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be practical exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on the contrary, Of course, fall within the scope of the present invention.

22: Household generator
24: Household load
26: External power grid
100: Energy charge / discharge system
120: Battery
140: charge / discharge schedule module

Claims (17)

As an energy storage device,
Battery, and
A charge / discharge scheduling module,
The charge / discharge scheduling module includes an operation unit and a backward tracing unit,
The calculation unit may calculate a minimum power cost that minimizes a sum of power costs over the plurality of time intervals based on information on power generation amount predictions, usage amount predictions, and power charges for a plurality of time periods of one day, Wherein each of the at least one minimum power cost schedule comprises power costs for the plurality of time intervals, and wherein the at least one minimum power cost schedule comprises at least one power cost schedule for the plurality of time periods,
Wherein the backtracking unit is configured to backtrack the at least one minimum power cost schedule based on maximizing the life of the battery to select an optimal schedule among the at least one minimum power cost schedule. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the back-tracking unit is further configured to determine a value of battery remaining quantities, each of which achieves power costs for the plurality of time intervals constituting the optimal schedule. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the operation unit is further operable to calculate the minimum power cost and the at least one minimum power cost schedule by calculating the power cost in the current time period in an ignition form with the power cost in the previous time period according to the following equation The energy storage device

- wherein, P _c denotes a, P _d is the discharge amount of power indicates a charging electric energy, x denotes the charge of the time (if positive value) or a discharge amount (if the value of the notes), t is an index indicating a time interval , Cost (t, x, w) represents the cost when the battery remaining amount at the previous time interval (t-1) is x and the battery remaining amount at the current time interval (t) becomes w, and D [ t, w] represents the power cost in the current time interval, and D [t-1, x] represents the remaining battery power in the previous time interval. The method of claim 3,
Wherein the back-tracking unit sequentially calculates x values close to the remaining battery power w in the current time interval. 5. The method of claim 4,
Further comprising a correcting unit configured to correct a charge and discharge operation of the battery based on the optimum schedule based on information on measured power generation amounts, actual usage amounts, and actual battery remaining amounts for the plurality of time intervals, . 6. The method of claim 5,
Wherein the power generation predictions are fixed at zero. The method according to claim 6,
The correction unit
(1) when the electric power charge for each time period of the plurality of time intervals is higher than the middle rate corresponding to the middle of the electric charges of the plurality of time intervals, discharging the battery by the actual usage amount in the corresponding time interval Correcting the optimal schedule so that,
(2) if the power charge for the corresponding time period is not higher than the intermediate charge,
(a) comparing a target SOC with a current SOC, and if the target SOC is larger,
(b) compare the target SOC with the current SOC and modify the optimal schedule so that the battery is discharged by an actual usage amount for the corresponding time interval if the target SOC is equal to or smaller than the target SOC. 6. The method of claim 5,
Wherein the correcting unit corrects the charge / discharge operation of the battery based on the optimum schedule according to the difference between the corresponding power generation amount predicted value and the actual generated power generation amount and the difference between the used amount predicted value and the actually used usage amount for each time period of the plurality of time intervals Further comprising:
The correction unit
(1) when the electric power charge for the corresponding time period is higher than the intermediate charge corresponding to the middle of the electric power charges of the plurality of time intervals,
(a) correcting the optimum schedule so that the battery is charged by the actual generation amount minus the actual usage amount, if the actual generation amount for the corresponding time period is larger than the actual usage amount for the corresponding time period,
(b) correcting the optimum schedule so that the battery is discharged by subtracting the actual usage amount from the actual generation amount when the actual generation amount for the corresponding time period is not larger than the actual usage amount for the corresponding time period,
(2) when the power charge for the corresponding time period is the intermediate rate,
(a) correcting the optimum schedule so that the battery is charged by the actual generation amount minus the actual usage amount, if the actual generation amount for the corresponding time period is larger than the actual usage amount for the corresponding time period,
(b) if the actual power generation amount for the corresponding time period is not greater than the actual usage amount for the corresponding time period,
(i) if the target SOC is greater than the current SOC, the battery maintains the current state without charging / discharging,
(ii) if the target SOC is not greater than the current SOC, correcting the optimal schedule so as to discharge the battery by subtracting the actual usage amount for the corresponding time interval from the actual generation amount for the corresponding time interval,
(3) if the power charge for the corresponding time period is lower than the intermediate charge,
(a) if the target SOC is greater than the current SOC,
(i) if a value obtained by subtracting an actual usage amount of the corresponding time section from the actual generation amount for the corresponding time section is greater than a value obtained by subtracting an expected usage amount for the corresponding time section from the power generation amount estimate for the corresponding time section, Correcting the optimum schedule so as to charge the battery by subtracting the actual use amount of the corresponding time period from the actual generation amount with respect to the time interval,
(ii) correcting the optimal schedule so as to charge the battery by subtracting the estimated amount of usage for the corresponding time period from the estimated amount of power generation for the corresponding time period,
(b) comparing the target SOC with the current SOC and if the target SOC is equal to or less than the target SOC,
(i) if the actual power generation amount for the corresponding time period is greater than the actual usage amount for the corresponding time period, the optimal amount of power for charging the battery is calculated by subtracting the actual usage amount for the corresponding time period from the actual generation amount for the corresponding time period Modify the schedule,
(ii) if the actual power generation amount for the corresponding time period is smaller than the actual usage amount for the corresponding time period, the battery is discharged by subtracting the actual usage amount for the corresponding time period from the actual generation amount for the corresponding time period And modify the optimal schedule. A charge / discharge control method for an energy storage device,
Receiving information on power generation predictions, usage prediction values, and power charges for a plurality of time periods of one day;
Generating at least one minimum power cost schedule that meets the minimum power cost and the minimum power cost at which the sum of the power costs over the plurality of time intervals is minimized, And power costs for the plurality of time intervals,
Backward tracing the at least one minimum power cost schedule based on maximizing the lifetime of the battery to generate an optimal schedule among the at least one minimum power cost schedule
Wherein the charge / discharge control method of the energy storage device comprises: 10. The method of claim 9,
Wherein the step of generating the optimal schedule further comprises the step of determining a value of battery remaining quantities that respectively achieve power costs for the plurality of time intervals. 11. The method of claim 10,
Wherein the step of generating the at least one minimum power cost schedule comprises calculating the at least one minimum power cost schedule by ignoring the power cost in the current time period with the power cost in the previous time period, Further comprising the step of generating a minimum power cost schedule of the energy storage device

- wherein, P _c denotes a, P _d is the discharge amount of power indicates a charging electric energy, x denotes the charge of the time (if positive value) or a discharge amount (if the value of the notes), t is an index indicating a time interval , Cost (t, x, w) represents the cost when the battery remaining amount at the previous time interval (t-1) is x and the battery remaining amount at the current time interval (t) becomes w, and D [ t, w] represents the power cost in the current time interval, and D [t-1, x] represents the remaining battery power in the previous time interval. 12. The method of claim 11,
Wherein the step of generating the optimum schedule sequentially calculates x values close to the battery remaining amount w in the current time interval. 13. The method of claim 12,
The charge / discharge control method of the energy storage device
Further comprising the step of correcting the charge / discharge operation of the battery based on the optimum schedule based on information on actual power generation amounts, actual usage amounts, and actual battery remaining amounts for the plurality of time periods Discharge control method. 14. The method of claim 13,
Wherein the power generation predicted values are fixed to zero. 15. The method of claim 14,
The step of correcting
(1) when the electric power charge for each time period of the plurality of time intervals is higher than the middle rate corresponding to the middle of the electric charges of the plurality of time intervals, discharging the battery by the actual usage amount in the corresponding time interval Correcting the optimal schedule so that,
(2) if the power charge for the corresponding time period is not higher than the intermediate charge,
(a) comparing a target SOC with a current SOC, and if the target SOC is larger,
(b) comparing the target SOC with the current SOC, and if the target SOC is equal to or less than the target SOC, correcting the optimum schedule so as to discharge the battery by an actual usage amount for the corresponding time period, Way. 14. The method of claim 13,
Wherein the correcting step comprises a step of correcting the charge and discharge of the battery according to the optimum schedule according to the difference between the power generation amount predicted value and the corresponding actual generation amount and the difference between the usage amount prediction value and the actually used usage amount for each time period of the plurality of time intervals Further comprising correcting the operation,
The step of correcting
(1) when the electric power charge for the corresponding time period is higher than the intermediate charge corresponding to the middle of the electric power charges of the plurality of time intervals,
(a) correcting the optimum schedule so that the battery is charged by the actual generation amount minus the actual usage amount, if the actual generation amount for the corresponding time period is larger than the actual usage amount for the corresponding time period,
(b) correcting the optimum schedule so that the battery is discharged by subtracting the actual usage amount from the actual generation amount when the actual generation amount for the corresponding time period is not larger than the actual usage amount for the corresponding time period,
(2) when the power charge for the corresponding time period is the intermediate rate,
(a) correcting the optimum schedule so that the battery is charged by the actual generation amount minus the actual usage amount, if the actual generation amount for the corresponding time period is larger than the actual usage amount for the corresponding time period,
(b) if the actual power generation amount for the corresponding time period is not greater than the actual usage amount for the corresponding time period,
(i) if the target SOC is greater than the current SOC, the battery maintains the current state without charging / discharging,
(ii) if the target SOC is not greater than the current SOC, correcting the optimal schedule so as to discharge the battery by subtracting the actual usage amount for the corresponding time interval from the actual generation amount for the corresponding time interval,
(3) if the power charge for the corresponding time period is lower than the intermediate charge,
(a) if the target SOC is greater than the current SOC,
(i) if a value obtained by subtracting an actual usage amount of the corresponding time section from the actual generation amount for the corresponding time section is greater than a value obtained by subtracting the usage amount prediction value for the corresponding time section from the electricity generation amount prediction value for the corresponding time section, The optimal schedule is corrected so as to charge the battery by subtracting the actual usage amount for the corresponding time period from the actual generation amount for the interval,
(ii) modifying the optimum schedule so as to charge the battery by subtracting the usage amount prediction value for the corresponding time period from the electricity generation amount prediction value for the corresponding time period,
(b) comparing the target SOC with the current SOC and if the target SOC is equal to or less than the target SOC,
(i) if the actual power generation amount for the corresponding time period is greater than the actual usage amount for the corresponding time period, the optimal amount of power for charging the battery is calculated by subtracting the actual usage amount for the corresponding time period from the actual generation amount for the corresponding time period Modify the schedule,
(ii) if the actual power generation amount for the corresponding time period is smaller than the actual usage amount for the corresponding time period, the battery is discharged by subtracting the actual usage amount for the corresponding time period from the actual generation amount for the corresponding time period And correcting the optimum schedule. 17. A computer-readable medium having recorded thereon a program, the program comprising instructions, and wherein the instructions, when executed by a computer, perform the method according to any one of claims 11 to 16.

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