KR20170007950A - Gas turbine for low pollutant emission and combustion efficiency improvement - Google Patents

Gas turbine for low pollutant emission and combustion efficiency improvement Download PDF

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Publication number
KR20170007950A
KR20170007950A KR1020150099012A KR20150099012A KR20170007950A KR 20170007950 A KR20170007950 A KR 20170007950A KR 1020150099012 A KR1020150099012 A KR 1020150099012A KR 20150099012 A KR20150099012 A KR 20150099012A KR 20170007950 A KR20170007950 A KR 20170007950A
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South Korea
Prior art keywords
combustion
air
gas
combustor
unit
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KR1020150099012A
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Korean (ko)
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심성훈
정상현
김한석
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한국기계연구원
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Publication of KR20170007950A publication Critical patent/KR20170007950A/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C9/26—Control of fuel supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C9/26—Control of fuel supply
    • F02C9/40—Control of fuel supply specially adapted to the use of a special fuel or a plurality of fuels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15D—FLUID DYNAMICS, i.e. METHODS OR MEANS FOR INFLUENCING THE FLOW OF GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F15D1/00—Influencing flow of fluids
    • F15D1/02—Influencing flow of fluids in pipes or conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15D—FLUID DYNAMICS, i.e. METHODS OR MEANS FOR INFLUENCING THE FLOW OF GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F15D1/00—Influencing flow of fluids
    • F15D1/10—Influencing flow of fluids around bodies of solid material
    • F15D1/12—Influencing flow of fluids around bodies of solid material by influencing the boundary layer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
    • F05D2220/32—Application in turbines in gas turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05D2220/75—Application in combination with equipment using fuel having a low calorific value, e.g. low BTU fuel, waste end, syngas, biomass fuel or flare gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/35—Combustors or associated equipment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/01—Purpose of the control system
    • F05D2270/07—Purpose of the control system to improve fuel economy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/01—Purpose of the control system
    • F05D2270/08—Purpose of the control system to produce clean exhaust gases

Abstract

The present invention relates to a gas turbine configured to reduce the emission of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and to improve the combustion efficiency. According to the present invention, combustion in a gas turbine combustor The combustion gas is recycled by the combustion gas recirculation to mix the high temperature and inactive combustion gas with the combustion air to supply the combustion gas to the combustor to induce the MILD combustion in which the flame is maintained in a stable state, When a mixed gas of combustion air and combustion gas is supplied, a high-temperature combustion gas sucked (or attracted) by the supply air is mixed with the supplied combustion air by using the Coanda effect, It is possible to effectively dilute the oxygen concentration of the combustion air and to heat it to a high temperature, so that a separate configuration for preheating the air There is provided a gas turbine having improved combustion efficiency and improved pollution-material reduction and combustion efficiency, which is constructed so as to improve the combustion efficiency efficiently without requiring a simple configuration and to significantly reduce the emission of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx).

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a gas turbine for reducing pollutants and improving combustion efficiency,

The present invention relates to a gas turbine, and more particularly, to a gas turbine that reduces emissions of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) while reducing pollutant abatement and combustion efficiency To an improved gas turbine.

Further, in order to reduce the emission of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the gas turbine and to improve the combustion efficiency, as described above, the present invention is characterized in that, when supplying air for combustion to the combustor of the gas turbine (MILD) combustion in which the flame is maintained in a stable state by mixing the combustion gas with the combustion air at a high temperature and inactive relative to the general air by the combustion gas recirculation, It is possible to improve the combustion efficiency by a simple construction without requiring a separate constitution for preheating the air and to reduce the pollutant reduction and the combustion efficiency of the gas improved in the combustion efficiency such that the emission of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides Turbine.

In addition, the present invention is characterized in that, as described above, in order to reduce the emission of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the gas turbine and to improve the combustion efficiency, The combustion gas is mixed with the combustion air and supplied to the combustor to induce the MILD combustion in which the flame is kept in a stable state. In addition, when the combustion air and the combustion gas are mixed, the combustion is performed using the Coanda effect, By mixing the high-temperature combustion gas sucked (or attracted) by the supply of the supply air and the supplied combustion air, the oxygen concentration of the combustion air can be effectively diluted in a short time and heated to a high temperature , It is possible to improve the combustion efficiency more efficiently by a simple configuration without the need for a separate configuration for preheating the air And at the same time, relates to a gas turbine having improved pollution reduction and combustion efficiency, which is configured to significantly reduce the emission of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx).

Generally, a gas turbine is a kind of rotary power engine that extracts energy from a flow of combustion gas. It drives a turbine by using high temperature and high pressure combustion gas generated by mixing fuel with compressed air To this end, it consists of three parts: a compressor, a combustor, and a turbine.

The gas turbine also includes a two-axis turbine having a turbine for driving a compressor and a turbine for generating an output, and a single-shaft turbine for driving a compressor and outputting the same to an identical-axis turbine. Unlike conventional gasoline engines and diesel engines, Vibration is not generated and low output efficiency is low in a small power engine such as an automobile. However, it is suitable for obtaining a relatively large power and is widely used as a power source for driving aircraft, train, ship, generator,

Here, the conventional gas turbine improves the overall performance by improving the combustion efficiency such as thermal efficiency due to the structural characteristic of obtaining the power by burning the fuel, and discharging pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) In order to achieve this, various techniques for improving the performance and efficiency of a gas turbine have been proposed.

More specifically, as an example of the prior art for improving the performance and efficiency of the gas turbine as described above, for example, according to Korean Patent Registration No. 10-0885230, a plurality of nozzle connection pipes An air inlet valve connected to the other side of the blowing hub, an air take-out valve coupled to the gaseous fuel inlet to apply the drawing of air supplied from the blowing hub, and a guide provided on the other side of the blowing hub The flange and one side are connected to the nozzle connecting pipe and the other side is connected to the fuel injection nozzle and includes a pneumatic hose for supplying air so as to easily remove the foreign substances adhered to the channel inside the quaternary chamber of the gas turbine combustor, It saves time and manpower, and can prevent the gas turbine from shutting down due to poor combustion in the gas turbine combustion chamber and the disruption of power generation. And a gas turbine combustor maintenance method using the back blowing device has been proposed.

Further, another example of the prior art for improving the performance and efficiency of the gas turbine as described above is that, for example, according to Japanese Patent Publication No. 4642630, a gas turbine is disposed in a fuel gas supply passage for supplying a fuel gas to a gas turbine And a system control device for controlling the flow rate of the fuel gas supplied from the gas turbine to the fuel gas supply passage, In addition to the opening degree control of the fuel flow rate control valve, to control the supply of the thermal gas by the thermal gas supply device in order to lower the heat input amount of the gas turbine when the load drop is detected, It is possible to easily suppress the increase in the number of revolutions of the gas turbine even if the power generation facility adopts a low calorie gas as fuel A gas turbine control system has been proposed and according to US Patent Publication No. US 2014/0053556, at least one compressor, a first combustor connected downstream of the compressor, the hot gas of the first combustor at least The hot gas of the second combustor is directly or indirectly introduced into the other turbine or energy recovery device and is introduced into the second combustor liner cooling air Of the first combustor liner cooling air and the second combustor liner cooling air with sufficient overpressure margin for the first combustor liner cooling air and the second combustor liner cooling air, A method for mixing dilute air with a hot main stream in a sequential combustion system of It has been suggested.

Further, according to another example of the prior art for improving the performance and efficiency of the gas turbine as described above, for example, Korean Patent Registration No. 10-1466503 discloses a gas turbine comprising a hollow combustion chamber, a gas A turbine, a combustion unit mounted in the combustion chamber and having a dynamic pressure sensor for measuring a dynamic pressure of combustion in the combustion chamber, and a control unit for calculating a steepness value of the combustion dynamic pressure signal by signal processing of the dynamic pressure signal according to the dynamic pressure measured by the dynamic pressure sensor, And a combustion control section for controlling the operation of the combustion section according to the determination of the diagnostic module, wherein the combustion module is provided for measuring the combustion dynamic pressure of the gas turbine, and based on the measured data, It is possible to easily determine the combustion instability through the signal processing, and the rms value of the combustion dynamic pressure used as a factor of the conventional combustion instability diagnosis method an unstable control device of a gas turbine which overcomes the uncertainty of an actual damping ratio and an analysis of a measured dynamic combustion pressure in a real time domain in a time domain without conversion into a frequency domain, And a control method thereof has been proposed.

As described above, various techniques for improving the performance and efficiency of the gas turbine have been proposed. However, the gas turbines disclosed in the prior art have the following problems.

In other words, it is important to improve the overall performance of the gas turbine by improving the combustion efficiency such as the fuel efficiency, that is, the thermal efficiency due to the characteristic of generating the power by burning the fuel, and at the same time, It is required to minimize the emission of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) generated due to the combustion of fuel according to the trend of regulating the emission of pollutants worldwide. However, Similarly, there has been no description of techniques for improving the combustion efficiency of a gas turbine and reducing pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx).

Recently, a method of supplying preheated air to a combustor using a heat exchanger to increase energy efficiency has been proposed. In this case, however, a separate preheating means for preheating air is required, which complicates the construction have.

In addition, when nitrogen oxide (NOx) is concentrated in the high temperature region more rapidly than in the low temperature region, when the preheated air is supplied to the combustor as described above, the peak temperature of the flame is increased, NOx) is increased.

Therefore, in order to solve the problems of the prior art gas turbines, which have not been disclosed in the technical contents for improving the combustion efficiency and reducing pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) as described above, It is desirable to provide a gas turbine of a new structure which is configured to reduce the generation of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) by preventing the maximum temperature of the flame from rising while supplying the operating gas temperature. However, The devices and methods that satisfy all the requirements are not presented.

[Prior Art Literature]

1. Korean Patent Registration No. 10-0885230 (Feb. 17, 2009)

2. Japanese Patent Publication No. 4642630 (Dec. 10, 2010)

3. U.S. Published Patent Application No. US 2014/0053556 (Feb.

4. Korean Patent Registration No. 10-1466503 (Nov. 21, 2014)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a technique for improving the combustion efficiency and reducing pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx). In order to solve the problems of the conventional gas turbines which have not been developed, it has been proposed to mix combustion gas, which is hot and inactive compared with general air, by combustion gas recirculation when supplying air for combustion to a combustor of a gas turbine, (MILD), which keeps the flame stable, by inducing combustion, it is possible to improve the combustion efficiency with a simple structure without needing a separate structure for preheating the air, and at the same time, the pollution such as nitrogen oxide (NOx) Reduction of pollutants and improved combustion efficiency, which can greatly reduce the emission of substances It intended to provide a gas turbine.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a gas turbine that is improved in combustion efficiency of a gas turbine and capable of reducing the amount of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) In addition to inducing the MILD combustion in which the flame is kept in a stable state by mixing the gas with the combustion air and supplying it to the combustor, the combustion air is mixed with the combustion gas and the combustion gas is mixed using the Coanda effect, By mixing the high-temperature combustion gas sucked (or attracted) by the supply of air and the supplied combustion air, the oxygen concentration of the combustion air can be effectively diluted in a short time and heated to a high temperature, It is possible to improve the combustion efficiency more efficiently by a simple configuration without requiring a separate configuration for preheating the air The present invention is intended to provide a gas turbine with improved pollution reduction and combustion efficiency which is configured to significantly reduce the emission of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx).

In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, it is possible to improve the combustion efficiency by inducing combustion of MILD (Moderate and Intense Low Oxygen Dilution) in which the flame is maintained in a stable state, 1. A gas turbine for reducing pollutants and improving combustion efficiency, the gas turbine comprising: an intake part for sucking air from the outside; A compressor for compressing air sucked through the suction unit; At least one combustor for combusting combustion air and fuel compressed through the compressor; A turbine generating power by using a pressure generated by a combustion operation of the combustor; An exhaust unit for exhausting the combustible gas generated by the combustion operation of the combustor to the outside; A combustion gas recirculation unit for recirculating a part of the combustion gas generated by the combustion action of the combustor back to the combustor; And a Coanda nozzle installed in the combustion gas recirculation unit to mix the combustion gas with the combustion air and supply the combustion gas to the combustor. The gas turbine according to claim 1, do.

Here, the combustion gas recirculation unit is formed in the form of a pipe connecting the exhaust unit and each of the combustors.

Alternatively, the combustion gas recirculation unit is configured in the form of a pipe connecting between the air discharge unit and the air injection unit of each combustor.

Further, the Coanda nozzle is provided on the pipe of the combustion gas recirculation unit at the front end of the air injection unit of each of the combustors, so that the combustion air supplied from the compression unit using the Coanda effect The combustion gas is sucked or attracted by the combustion air and the combustion air is mixed and supplied into the combustor so that the oxygen concentration of the combustion air can be effectively diluted in a short time and heated to a high temperature .

In addition, the Coanda nozzle includes an air supply unit, one end of which is connected to the compressor to supply combustion air from the compressor to the inside thereof; A mixed gas flow path in which both ends of the combustion air supplied from the air supply unit and the combustible gas supplied from the combustion gas recirculation unit are mixed and connected to the combustion gas recirculation unit and the combustor, respectively; A protruding portion protruding from an end of the mixed gas flow path on the side of the combustion gas recirculation portion; An air gap formed in the protrusion to connect the air supply unit and the mixed gas flow path; And an air chamber for temporarily storing the combustion air supplied from the compression unit so that the combustion air can be supplied at a uniform pressure through the air gap.

Here, the mixed gas flow path is formed such that the inner wall is inclined along the longitudinal direction so that the diameter of the mixed gas flow path is the smallest at the protruding portion and the diameter increases toward the combustor.

Further, the combustion gas recirculation unit may be provided separately between the air supply unit and the compressor, and between the combustible gas recirculation unit and the mixed gas flow channel to individually regulate the flow rate in the Coanda nozzle and the suction amount of the combustible gas, And a control valve that is installed in the main body.

In addition, the Coanda nozzle may further include a flow separation preventing unit installed inside the mixed gas flow channel to prevent the flow separation phenomenon by narrowing the internal space of the mixed gas flow path.

The flow separation preventing portion is configured to be fixed to the inner central axis of the Coanda nozzle in the mixed gas flow path through a plurality of supports provided between the mixed gas flow path and the outer peripheral surface of the flow separation preventing portion .

In addition, the flow peeling prevention portion is formed such that the end portion of the combustion gas recirculation portion side where the combustible gas is sucked into the Coanda nozzle is increased in diameter toward the opposite side, and the remaining portion is formed with a constant diameter along the longitudinal direction As shown in FIG.

As described above, according to the present invention, when combustion air is supplied to a combustor of a gas turbine, combustion gas, which is hot and inert compared with general air, is mixed with combustion air by supplying combustion gas to the combustion chamber, MILD (Moderate and Intense Low Oxygen Dilution), which is maintained in a stable state, induces combustion, and it is possible to improve the combustion efficiency with a simple structure without the need for a separate constitution for preheating the air and to reduce the emission of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides The present invention provides a gas turbine with improved pollution reduction and combustion efficiency that can be greatly reduced, thereby improving the combustion efficiency and reducing pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) The problem of the gas turbines of the technology can be solved.

Further, according to the present invention, as described above, by mixing the combustion gas with the combustion air at a high temperature and inertia relative to the general air by the combustion gas recirculation, the combustion gas is supplied to the combustor to induce the MILD combustion in which the flame is maintained in a stable state Temperature combustion gas sucked (or attracted) by the supply of the combustion air using the Coanda effect when the combustion air and the combustion gas are mixed, and the supplied combustion air are mixed with each other The present invention provides a gas turbine that is capable of effectively reducing the oxygen concentration of combustion air and heating it to a high temperature in a short period of time, It is possible to improve the combustion efficiency more efficiently, and at the same time, it is possible to improve the combustion efficiency of the pollutant such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) The can be reduced substantially.

1 is a view schematically showing a configuration of a conventional gas turbine.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the basic combustion characteristics of a conventional combustor using air as an oxidizer.
3 is a graph showing the oxygen concentration and the temperature distribution at the maximum temperature on the burner center line.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing an appearance area of MILD combustion. FIG.
FIG. 5 is a view schematically showing the overall configuration of a gas turbine having improved pollution material abatement and combustion efficiency according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG.
6 is a view schematically showing the overall configuration of a Koanda nozzle installed in a combustor gas recirculation part of a gas turbine with improved pollution material reduction and combustion efficiency according to an embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG.
7 is a view schematically showing the configuration of another embodiment of the Koanda nozzle shown in Fig.
8 is a view schematically showing the overall configuration of a gas turbine with improved pollution material abatement and combustion efficiency according to another embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, a specific embodiment of a gas turbine in which the pollutant reduction and combustion efficiency are improved according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Hereinafter, it is to be noted that the following description is only an embodiment for carrying out the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the contents of the embodiments described below.

In the following description of the embodiments of the present invention, parts that are the same as or similar to those of the prior art, or which can be easily understood and practiced by a person skilled in the art, It is important to bear in mind that we omit.

That is, in order to solve the problems of the prior art gas turbines, which have not been described in the technical contents for improving the combustion efficiency and reducing pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) as described later, When the combustion air is supplied to the combustor of the gas turbine, the flame is maintained in a stable state by mixing the combustion gas with the combustion gas which is hot and inert compared with the general air by the combustion gas recirculation. Low oxygen dilution By inducing combustion, it is possible to improve the combustion efficiency with a simple structure without requiring a separate structure for preheating the air, and to reduce pollutant emissions such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) To a gas turbine having improved material abatement and combustion efficiency.

The present invention also relates to a method for reducing the amount of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) while improving the combustion efficiency of a gas turbine, as described later, In addition to inducing the MILD combustion in which the flame is kept in a stable state by mixing with the air and supplying it to the combustor, the combustion air is supplied by supplying the combustion air using the Coanda effect when the combustion air and the combustion gas are mixed Temperature combustion gas which is sucked (or attracted) by the combustion air and the supplied combustion air are mixed, the oxygen concentration of the combustion air can be effectively diluted in a short time and heated to a high temperature, It is possible to improve the combustion efficiency more efficiently by a simple constitution without requiring a separate constitution for nitrogen oxides And more particularly to a gas turbine with improved pollution reduction and combustion efficiency which is configured to significantly reduce the emission of pollutants such as water (NOx).

Next, with reference to the drawings, the specific contents of the gas turbine with improved pollution material reduction and combustion efficiency according to the present invention will be described.

First, referring to FIG. 1, FIG. 1 is a view schematically showing a configuration of a conventional gas turbine.

1, the gas turbine 10 generally includes an intake unit 11 for sucking air, a compressor 12 for compressing the air sucked through the intake unit 11, At least one combustor 13 for burning the fuel and the combustion air compressed through the compressor 12 and a turbine 14 for generating power using the pressure generated by the combustion action of the combustor 13 .

1, a conventional gas turbine generates power by driving a turbine using high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gases generated by mixing fuel with compressed air and burning the fuel as described above, It is required to reduce the pollution substance such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), which is a typical pollutant that necessarily occurs due to the combustion of the fuel, while it is required to improve the fuel efficiency, that is, the combustion efficiency.

More specifically, referring to FIG. 2, FIG. 2 is a graph showing basic combustion characteristics of a conventional combustor using air as an oxidizer.

That is, in the case of a conventional combustor using air as an oxidizer, as shown in FIG. 2, it can be confirmed that when the temperature is measured along the central axis of the burner, there exists a high temperature region of almost 2000K like a heat spot .

Here, since nitrogen oxides (NOx) are concentrated very quickly in the high-temperature region, it is important to lower the high-temperature region in order to reduce NOx.

In recent years, a method of preheating air by recovering the heat of the combustion gas by using a heat exchanger to increase the combustion efficiency has been used. In this case, however, the peak temperature of the flame is further increased, There is a problem that the temperature of the flame zone is not increased when the air is preheated.

More specifically, referring to Fig. 3, Fig. 3 is a graph showing the oxygen concentration and the temperature distribution at the maximum temperature on the burner centerline.

As shown in FIG. 3, when the oxygen concentration in the combustor using the conventional combustion method is as high as 7%, the air is preheated to 1200 K (1) and the air is preheated to 1600 K (2) It is seen that the maximum temperature of NOx is greatly increased, and the generation of NOx is greatly increased.

However, if the concentration of oxygen is lowered to 1%, even if the air is preheated to 1600 K (③), the maximum temperature of the flame is greatly lowered, while the temperature of the downstream part is relatively low, Can be confirmed.

Therefore, when preheated air is supplied, it is preferable to reduce the oxygen concentration as described above. To this end, conventionally, a method has been used in which the combustible gas after combustion of the fuel is returned and mixed with air.

That is, referring to FIG. 4, FIG. 4 is a graph showing an appearance area of MILD combustion.

As shown in FIG. 4, when the flue gas after cooling is recirculated, the region where the flame is stabilized is greatly narrowed. If the amount of the recirculated flue gas is increased, the flame becomes unstable or turned off.

On the other hand, when the combustible gas is recirculated while maintaining a high temperature above the ignition temperature of the fuel, it can be seen that the flame temperature is uniform and a very stable flame region C appears. Thus, MILD (Moderate and Intense Low Oxygen Dilution) combustion is a combustion method that keeps the flame stable by keeping the combustion air at a high temperature while reducing the oxygen concentration of the combustion air by recirculating the combustion gas while heating above the temperature.

Here, in the MILD combustion method, a heat exchanger may be used to increase the temperature of the air while recirculating the flue gas. At this time, it is common to raise the temperature of the air above the ignition temperature of the fuel (generally, 1000 ° C or more) The heat storage regenerative heat exchanger is generally used.

However, such a regenerative regenerative heat exchanger has a structure in which a high temperature combustion gas is passed through a heat storage material of a ceramic type and heated to a high temperature, then air flows again toward the heat storage material to obtain a high temperature, (4-way switching valve), which can withstand high temperatures, is used to alternately flow the liquid and the liquid.

Accordingly, the inventors of the present invention have found that, in a combustor for a gas turbine, MILD combustion is achieved by recycling the combustion gas without using a separate structure having a complicated structure and a high cost, as in the conventional heat exchanger, , A combustor for a gas turbine of a new structure capable of reducing the generation of pollutants such as NOx, and a gas turbine including such a combustor.

5 is a view schematically showing the overall configuration of a gas turbine having improved pollution material abatement and combustion efficiency according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 5, the gas turbine 50 with improved pollution material reduction and combustion efficiency according to the embodiment of the present invention roughly includes an intake unit 51 for sucking air, A compressor 52 for compressing the sucked air and a pressure generated by the combustion action of the combustor 53 and the at least one combustor 53 for combusting the fuel and the combustion air compressed through the compressor 52 And a turbine 54 that generates power by using the same as that of the conventional gas turbine 10 shown in Fig.

However, in the gas turbine 50 having improved pollution material reduction and combustion efficiency according to the embodiment of the present invention, the exhaust portion 55 is provided for recycling part of the combusted gas discharged from the exhaust portion 55 back to the combustor 53, A combustion gas recirculation unit 56 for connecting the combustor 53 and the combustor 53 to each other and a combustor 50 for sucking or drawing the combustible gas supplied from the exhaust unit 55 using a Coanda effect, 52 for supplying the combustion air and the combustible gas to the combustor 53, and a separate structure such as a heat exchanger for preheating air is required as in the conventional case It is possible to increase the combustion efficiency and to significantly reduce the generation of pollutants such as NOx by implementing the MILD combustion by the combustion gas recirculation more efficiently with only a simple configuration without any limitation.

Here, the Coanda effect refers to a phenomenon in which a fluid such as water or air sticks to and moves on the surface when passing through a curved surface, that is, a phenomenon in which pollutant reduction and combustion efficiency are improved according to the embodiment of the present invention The turbine 50 may be formed as a pipeline in which the combustion gas recirculation section 56 connects each combustor 53 and the exhaust section 55 provided at least one to the gas turbine 50 At this time, a Coanda nozzle 57 is provided at the front end of the air injection part of each combustor 53, and a Coanda effect by the air for combustion supplied from the compression part 12 is used (Or attracting) the high-temperature combustion gas supplied from the exhaust part 55 to mix the combustion air supplied from the inside of the nozzle with the high-temperature combustion gas, so that the combustion that is efficiently supplied to the inside of the combustor 53 Airborne Since the temperature can be diluted and the temperature can be heated at the same time, it is possible to improve the combustion efficiency by inducing the MILD combustion more efficiently by a simple constitution without requiring a separate structure such as a heat exchanger compared with the conventional combustor, The generation of material can be configured to be greatly reduced.

That is, the combustion air supplied from the outlet end of the compressor 52 is supplied to the amount of air necessary for combustion of the gas turbine fuel so that the absolute amount of oxygen is kept constant. However, as described above, The coanda nozzle 57 causes the coanda effect by the supply of the combustion air so that the flow rate of the combustion air is reduced to a volume ratio with respect to the flow rate of the supplied combustion air Sucking (or attracting) the high temperature combustion gas of about 1.5 to 2 times.

Therefore, the high temperature combustion gas is mixed with the combustion air so that the oxygen concentration is diluted to about 15 to 17%, and at the same time, the temperature of the combustion air is rapidly heated by the high temperature combustion gas, Deg.] C, and the combustion air is diluted and preheated by the high temperature combustion gas through the Coanda nozzle 57 and supplied to the combustor.

6, there is shown a cross-sectional view of a gas turbine 50 according to an embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 5, in which the combustion gas recirculation unit 56 of the gas turbine 50 with improved pollution- Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the overall configuration of the know nozzle 57. Fig.

6, the above-mentioned Coanda nozzle 57 is formed in the shape of a hollow tube which is entirely hollow inside. Concretely, one end of the Coanda nozzle 57 is connected to the compressor 52, And the combustion gas supplied from the air supply unit 61 and the combustion gas supplied from the combustion gas recirculation unit 56 are mixed to be supplied to the combustor 53, A mixed gas flow path 62 connected to the combustion gas recirculation section 56 and the combustor 53 side and a protrusion 63 protruding from the combustion gas recirculation section 56 side of the mixed gas flow path 62 An air gap 64 formed in the projecting portion 63 as a narrow gap connecting between the air supply portion 61 and the mixed gas flow path 62 and an air gap 64 formed between the air supply portion 61 and the mixed gas flow path 62 for temporarily supplying the combustion air supplied from the compression portion 52 So that the combustion air is uniformly pressurized through the air gap And an air chamber 65 for allowing the air to be supplied.

6, in order to induce the Coanda effect, the above-mentioned mixed gas flow path 62 is formed so as to have a minimum diameter at the portion of the protruding portion 63 and a larger diameter toward the combustor 53, May be formed to be inclined along the longitudinal direction.

A control valve (not shown) is installed between the air supply part 61 of the Coanda nozzle 57 and the compressor 52, and between the combustion gas recirculation part 56 and the mixed gas flow path 62 The air flow rate and the opening / closing amount are individually controlled so that the intake amount of the high temperature combustible gas induced by the air can be adjusted.

In other words, as described above, when the control valve is not installed and the air whose inflow amount is controlled in a lump is divided and supplied, if the flow rate of the air through the coanda nozzle 57 is not faster than a certain level, It is difficult to suck the combusted gas flowing in the direction different from the direction in which the combustion air is introduced from the one side of the inside nozzle 57 to the side of the Coanda nozzle 57. Even if it is sucked, Therefore, it is preferable to separately provide a control valve in order to prevent such a problem.

6, when the combustion air is supplied from the compressor 52 to the mixed gas flow path 62 through the air gap 64 formed in the protruding portion 63 of the coanda nozzle 57, A negative pressure is formed in the mixed gas flow path 62 by the Bernoulli principle as the fluid flows along the mixed gas flow path 62 which is inclined by the Coanda effect moving along the surface, The combustion gas supplied from the compressor 56 is sucked (or attracted) and the combustion air supplied from the compressor 52 and the combustion gas supplied from the combustion gas recirculation unit 56 are mixed in the mixed gas flow path 62, It is possible to dilute the oxygen concentration of the combustion air supplied into the combustor 53 effectively in a short time and to heat it to a high temperature.

Therefore, by applying the Coanda nozzle 57 as described above, the amount of gas attracted is greatly increased compared to the amount of air supplied, so that the temperature of the air can be effectively heated in a short time to induce MILD combustion At this time, the concentration of oxygen in the air supplied to the combustor is reduced due to the mixing of the combustion gas, so that the production of NOx can be greatly reduced, and the flame is stabilized by the air flow heated to the ignition temperature of the fuel more than the ignition temperature of the fuel, Since CO generation can be reduced, it is possible to supply preheated air having a low oxygen concentration only by a simple constitution without requiring a separate structure such as a conventional heat exchanger, thereby more efficiently inducing MILD combustion, The generation of pollutants can be greatly reduced.

When the pipe through which the air is supplied is relatively small (for example, the diameter is 24 mm or less), the amount of the combustion gas sucked by the suction force by the coanda nozzle is about 3.8 times the supply amount of the supplied combustion air However, when the pipe through which the air is supplied is large (for example, a diameter of 100 mm or less), the amount of the combustion gas sucked by the suction force by the coanda nozzle is about twice the supply amount of the supplied combustion air So that the efficiency is reduced.

More specifically, as shown in Fig. 6, the combustion air supplied from the compression section 52 to the coil inner nozzle 57 flows along the inner surface of the coil inner nozzle 57, 52 are made of small nozzles, the airflow flows relatively smoothly along the inner wall surface of the mixed gas flow path 62. However, when the injection nozzle of the compression part 52 is constituted by a large nozzle, A so-called peeling phenomenon that flows away from the wall surface occurs, and the suction force generated inside the coiled nozzle 57 is reduced.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem of peeling off the large-sized nozzle, the inventors of the present invention have proposed an improved nose The structure of the inner nozzle is presented.

That is, referring to FIG. 7, FIG. 7 is a view schematically showing the configuration of another embodiment of the Coanda nozzle shown in FIG.

7, the Coanda nozzle 70 according to another embodiment of the present invention includes an air supply unit 71, one end of which is connected to the compressor 52 and from which the combustion air is supplied from the compressor 52, And a combustion gas recirculation unit 56 and a combustor 53 at both ends to mix the combustion air supplied from the air supply unit 71 and the combustion gas supplied from the combustion gas recirculation unit 56 and supply the mixture to the combustor 53 A projecting portion 73 protruding from an end portion of the mixed gas flow path 72 on the side of the combustion gas recirculation portion 56 and an air supply portion 71 and a mixed gas flow path 72, The air gap 74 formed in the projecting portion 73 as a narrow gap connecting between the compression chamber 52 and the compression chamber 72 and the combustion air supplied from the compression chamber 52 are temporarily stored so that the combustion air is uniform And an air chamber (75) for supplying pressure And is constructed in the same manner as the Coanda nozzle 57 shown in FIG.

However, the Coanda nozzle 70 shown in Fig. 7 has a structure in which the flow separation preventive portion 76 for preventing the flow separation phenomenon by narrowing the internal space of the mixed gas flow path 72 is installed inside the mixed gas flow path 72 The point is different.

More specifically, the above-described flow peeling preventing portion 76 is provided on the inner central axis of the Coanda nozzle 70. At this time, as shown in Fig. 7, for example, the mixed gas flow path 72 and Can be fixedly installed inside the mixed gas flow path (72) through a plurality of support posts (77) provided between the outer circumferential surfaces of the flow separation preventing portion (76).

As shown in Fig. 7, the above-described flow peeling prevention portion 76 is provided on the side where the combusted gas is sucked from the coanda nozzle 70, that is, the end on the side of the combusted gas recycle portion 56, The cone shape can be formed in such a shape that the diameter increases toward the opposite side as in the case of the conical shape and the remaining portion can be formed in a shape in which the diameter is kept constant. Gas and combustion air into the mixed gas flow path 72 more effectively and stably.

The configuration other than the above-described flow separation preventive portion 76 and the support table 77 may be the same as that of the Coanda nozzle 57 shown in FIG. 6, and therefore, the same or similar or overlapping It should be noted that the detailed description of the contents is omitted.

Therefore, by applying the constitution of the combustible gas recirculation unit 56 and the coanda nozzles 57, 70 constituted as described above to the combustor of the gas turbine, it is possible to supply the preheated air with only a simple constitution, Since the combustion gas has a very low oxygen concentration, the generation of pollutants such as NOx can be remarkably reduced as compared with supplying preheated air using a heat exchanger as in the prior art.

Furthermore, since the structure of the combustible gas recirculation unit 56 and the Coanda nozzles 57 and 70 as described above is very simple in structure, the manufacturing cost of the combustor and the gas turbine is greatly reduced compared with the case of using the conventional heat exchanger Not only can the gas turbine's fuel economy and operation cost be greatly reduced.

8, FIG. 8 is a view schematically showing the overall configuration of a gas turbine 80 with improved pollution material abatement and combustion efficiency according to another embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 8, the gas turbine 80 having improved pollution material reduction and combustion efficiency according to the present invention includes an intake unit 81 for sucking air, a compressor (not shown) for compressing air sucked through the intake unit 81, At least one combustor 83 for combusting the air and the fuel compressed through the compressor 82 and a turbine 84 for generating power using the pressure generated by the combustion action of the combustor 53 , A combustion gas recirculation unit 86 for recirculating a part of the combustion gas to the combustor 83 and a coanda effect to suck (or draw in) the combusted gas and supply it from the compression unit 82 And a Coanda nozzle 87 for mixing the combustion air and the combustible gas to be supplied to the combustor 83. The present invention is not limited to a separate structure such as a heat exchanger, Burning The gas turbine 50 is constructed such that the combustion efficiency is improved and the generation of pollutants such as NOx is greatly reduced.

However, the gas turbine 80 shown in Fig. 8 is configured such that the combustible gas discharged from the exhaust portion 55 at the downstream portion of the turbine 54, that is, the exhaust portion 55, like the gas turbine 50 described above with reference to Fig. 5, , But is configured to attract the combustible gas to the combustor 83 at the outlet of the combustor 83. [

8, the combustible gas recirculation unit 86 is formed in the form of a pipe connecting between the outlet of the combustor 83 and the air inlet, and the coanda nozzle 87, Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > MILD < / RTI > combustion as described above.

Therefore, according to the configuration of the gas turbine 80 shown in Fig. 8, since the length of the pipe for constituting the combusted gas recirculation unit 86 is short, the effect equivalent to that of the gas turbine 50 shown in Fig. Can be obtained.

Here, parts other than the constitution of the combustible gas recirculation unit 86 may be configured in the same way as the gas turbine 50 shown in FIG. 5, and therefore, for the sake of brevity, It should be noted that the detailed description has been omitted.

In the embodiments of the present invention shown in FIGS. 5 to 8, although the present invention has been described with reference to the case where one combustor is used for the sake of simplicity, the present invention is not necessarily limited to this case, That is, it should be noted that, in the case of a gas turbine having a plurality of combustors, the present invention can be variously configured as required, such that the configurations of the above embodiments can be applied to the respective combustors.

Accordingly, the gas turbine according to the present invention having improved pollutant reduction and combustion efficiency can be realized as described above.

In addition, according to the present invention, by implementing the gas turbine with improved pollution material reduction and combustion efficiency according to the present invention as described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a gas turbine combustor, It is necessary to have a separate structure for preheating the air by inducing combustion of MILD (Moderate and Intense Low Oxygen Dilution) which keeps the flame stable by supplying the combustion gas which is high temperature and inert compared to air with the combustion air. It is possible to improve the combustion efficiency and to significantly reduce the emission of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) by providing a gas turbine with improved pollution reduction and combustion efficiency, There is no description of a technique for reducing pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) It can solve the problems of the prior art gas turbine Dunn.

In addition, according to the present invention, as described above, by mixing combustion gas, which is hot and inert compared to general air, by combustion gas recirculation with combustion air and supplying the combustion gas to the combustor, induction of MILD combustion in which the flame is maintained in a stable state Temperature combustion gas sucked (or attracted) by the supply of the combustion air using the Coanda effect when the combustion air and the combustion gas are mixed, and the supplied combustion air are mixed with each other The present invention provides a gas turbine that is capable of effectively reducing the oxygen concentration of combustion air and heating it to a high temperature in a short period of time, It is possible to improve the combustion efficiency more efficiently, and at the same time, to improve the combustion efficiency of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) The output can be reduced significantly.

As described above, the gas turbine according to the present invention has improved pollutant reduction and combustion efficiency. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, Accordingly, it is to be understood that the present invention may be embodied otherwise without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

10. Gas turbine 11. Intake section
12. Compressor 13. Combustor
14. Turbine 50. Gas Turbine
51. Intake section 52. Compressor
53. Combustor 54. Turbine
55. Exhaust 56. Combustion gas recirculation
57. Coanda nozzle 61. Air supply part
62. Mixed gas flow path 63. Projection
64. Air gap 65. Air chamber
70. Coanda nozzle 71. Air supply part
72. Mixed gas flow path 73. Projection
74. Air gap 75. Air chamber
76. Flow separation prevent part 77. Support
80. Gas turbine 81. Intake section
82. Compressor 53. Combustor
84. Turbine 85. Evacuation
86. Combustion gas recirculation 87. Coanda Nozzle

Claims (10)

In order to improve combustion efficiency by inducing combustion of MILD (Moderate and Intense Low Oxygen Dilution) which keeps flame stable, pollutant reduction and combustion efficiency, which is configured to reduce pollutants containing NOx, In an improved gas turbine,
An intake unit for sucking air from the outside;
A compressor for compressing air sucked through the suction unit;
At least one combustor for combusting combustion air and fuel compressed through the compressor;
A turbine generating power by using a pressure generated by a combustion operation of the combustor;
An exhaust unit for exhausting the combustible gas generated by the combustion operation of the combustor to the outside;
A combustion gas recirculation unit for recirculating a part of the combustion gas generated by the combustion action of the combustor back to the combustor; And
And a Coanda nozzle installed in the combustion gas recirculation unit to mix the combustion gas with the combustion air and supply the combustion gas to the combustor.
The method according to claim 1,
The combustion gas recirculation unit
Wherein the gas turbine is formed in the form of a pipe connecting the exhaust part and each of the combustors, respectively.
3. The method of claim 2,
The combustion gas recirculation unit
And a pipe connecting the air discharge unit and the air injection unit of each of the combustors.
The method of claim 3,
Wherein the Coanda nozzle comprises:
Wherein the combustion gas recirculation unit is provided on the piping of the combustion gas recirculation unit at the front end of the air injection unit of each combustor, and the combustion gas is sucked or drawn by the combustion air supplied from the compression unit using a Coanda effect, And the combustion air is supplied to the inside of the combustor so that the oxygen concentration of the combustion air can be effectively diluted in a short time and heated to a high temperature. Improved gas turbine.
5. The method of claim 4,
Wherein the Coanda nozzle comprises:
An air supply part having one end connected to the compressor and supplied with combustion air from the compressor;
A mixed gas flow path in which both ends of the combustion air supplied from the air supply unit and the combustible gas supplied from the combustion gas recirculation unit are mixed and connected to the combustion gas recirculation unit and the combustor, respectively;
A protruding portion protruding from an end of the mixed gas flow path on the side of the combustion gas recirculation portion;
An air gap formed in the protrusion to connect the air supply unit and the mixed gas flow path; And
And an air chamber for temporarily storing the combustion air supplied from the compression unit and allowing the combustion air to be supplied through the air gap at a uniform pressure. Gas turbine with improved combustion efficiency.
6. The method of claim 5,
The mixed gas flow path includes:
Wherein the inner wall is formed to be inclined along the longitudinal direction so that the diameter of the protruding portion is the smallest and the diameter increases toward the combustor, and the combustion turbine is improved in combustion efficiency.
The method according to claim 6,
The combustion gas recirculation unit
And a control valve separately provided between the air supply unit and the compressor and between the combustible gas recirculation unit and the mixed gas flow path to individually control the flow rate in the Coanda nozzle and the suction amount of the combustible gas Wherein the gas turbine has an improved combustion efficiency.
8. The method of claim 7,
Wherein the Coanda nozzle comprises:
Further comprising a flow separation preventing unit installed inside the mixed gas flow channel to prevent the flow separation phenomenon by narrowing the internal space of the mixed gas flow path.
9. The method of claim 8,
The flow-
And a plurality of support rods provided between the mixed gas flow path and the outer circumferential surface of the flow peeling prevention portion to fix and install the air pollution material on the inner central axis of the Coanda nozzle in the mixed gas flow path. This improved gas turbine.
10. The method of claim 9,
The flow-
The end portion of the combustible gas recirculation unit side where the combustible gas is sucked into the Coanda nozzle is formed in such a shape that the diameter increases toward the opposite side and the remaining portion is formed in a shape having a constant diameter along the length direction Gas turbines with improved pollution abatement and combustion efficiency.
KR1020150099012A 2015-07-13 2015-07-13 Gas turbine for low pollutant emission and combustion efficiency improvement KR20170007950A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20190136540A (en) * 2018-05-31 2019-12-10 한국기계연구원 Super-low NOx Emission Combustion Apparatus
KR102097469B1 (en) * 2018-10-25 2020-04-07 한국기계연구원 Combustion gas recirculation device

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20190136540A (en) * 2018-05-31 2019-12-10 한국기계연구원 Super-low NOx Emission Combustion Apparatus
KR102097469B1 (en) * 2018-10-25 2020-04-07 한국기계연구원 Combustion gas recirculation device

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