KR20160150418A - System and method for payment using ultrasonic wave - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a payment method and a system using an ultrasonic wave. According to a first aspect of the present invention, the payment system comprises a sales terminal for communicating with a user terminal by using an ultrasonic wave. The sales terminal comprises: an ultrasonic receiving unit for receiving an ultrasonic wave including identification information of the user terminal from the user terminal; a product selecting unit for receiving at least one product among one or more payable products from a user of the user terminal; a payment information generating unit for generating payment information for requesting payment of at least one product received from the user; and a payment requesting unit for transmitting the payment information to a payment server for performing payment of the product. The payment method can be used in all kinds of smart phones by transmitting and receiving data for payment by using the ultrasonic wave by using a speaker and a microphone fundamentally installed in the smart phone without an additional device.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention [0001] The present invention relates to a system and a method for using ultrasound,

More particularly, the present invention relates to a settlement method and system using ultrasonic waves, and more particularly, when a user transmits identification information to a sales terminal using ultrasound communication in order to make payment with a smart phone, And a payment method and system for transferring payment information of a product selected by a user to a payment server to settle the payment.

Recently, as the spread of smartphones has increased, various payment methods using smart phones have been introduced.

Android smartphones among domestic smartphones are equipped with modules capable of recognizing NFC (Near Field Communication), and are used as a mobile traffic card using NFC or a micropayment means.

In order to perform settlement using the NFC, the smartphone used by the user must have the NFC function, and the sales terminal must have a reader capable of reading the NFC tag or recording the information in the NFC.

For example, if the vending machine is equipped with a reader capable of reading the information contained in the NFC tag, the user can purchase the product by contacting the smart card with the transportation card or NFC tag attached to the NFC reader of the vending machine .

However, there is a problem that the payment method using NFC is not activated because the price of the reader reading the information from the NFC tag is not high because not all the smart phones used by the user have the NFC function.

Accordingly, in order to solve the above-described problems, a payment method capable of increasing the penetration rate without requiring a large expenditure in introducing a payment method has become necessary.

In this regard, Korean Patent Laid-Open No. 10-2003-0076815 relates to a credit card payment method using a mobile communication terminal, in which a mobile communication terminal receives information of a user credit card, displays a credit card image on the screen, And a credit card payment method using the mobile communication terminal. However, the techniques disclosed in the above patent documents do not solve the above-described problems.

On the other hand, the background art described above is technical information acquired by the inventor for the derivation of the present invention or obtained in the derivation process of the present invention, and can not necessarily be a known technology disclosed to the general public before the application of the present invention .

An embodiment of the present invention provides a payment method that can be used in all smartphones by transmitting and receiving data for settlement using ultrasound using a speaker and a microphone that are basically installed in a smart phone without a separate additional device There is a purpose.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a sales terminal for selling goods by attaching a low-cost ultrasonic receiver to perform settlement using ultrasonic communication at a low cost.

An embodiment of the present invention has an object of providing a highly secure settlement method by additionally confirming whether a user has a settlement right before settlement of a commodity.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a payment system including a sales terminal for communicating with a user terminal using ultrasonic waves, the sales terminal comprising: An ultrasonic receiver for receiving ultrasonic waves including identification information of the terminal; a product selection unit for selecting at least one item of at least one commodity that can be settled from a user of the user terminal; A settlement information generating unit for generating the requested payment information, and a settlement requesting unit for transmitting the settlement information to the settlement server performing settlement of the commodity.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of performing settlement by a sales terminal communicating with a user terminal using ultrasound, the method comprising: receiving ultrasonic waves including identification information of the user terminal from the user terminal; The method comprising the steps of: receiving at least one commodity from at least one possible user from a user of the user terminal; generating payment information for requesting settlement of at least one commodity selected from the user; And transmitting the payment information to the mobile terminal.

According to any one of the above-mentioned objects of the present invention, an embodiment of the present invention provides a payment application using a speaker and a microphone installed in a smart phone without a separate additional device, So that all smartphones can purchase goods from the sales terminal using ultrasonic waves.

Further, according to any one of the tasks of the present invention, it is possible to perform settlement using ultrasonic communication at a low cost by attaching a low-cost ultrasonic transceiver to a sales terminal that sells a commodity.

According to any one of the tasks of the present invention, it is possible to provide a highly secure settlement method by additionally confirming whether or not the user has a settlement right before settlement of a commodity.

The effects obtained by the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned effects, and other effects not mentioned can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description will be.

1 is a configuration diagram of a payment system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a payment system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a flowchart illustrating a payment method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. In order to clearly illustrate the present invention, parts not related to the description are omitted, and similar parts are denoted by like reference characters throughout the specification.

Throughout the specification, when a part is referred to as being "connected" to another part, it includes not only "directly connected" but also "electrically connected" with another part in between . Also, when an element is referred to as "comprising ", it means that it can include other elements as well, without departing from the other elements unless specifically stated otherwise.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

However, before describing it, the meaning of terms used below is first defined.

In the present invention, 'ultrasound communication' is a communication method of transmitting information through a sound of an ultrasonic wave band as a medium, for example, a sound of a frequency band of 18 to 20 kilohertz (Khz) is transmitted through a speaker of a smartphone Or receive information through a microphone to send and receive information.

The 'product information' is information about a product that is provided to the user so that the user can purchase the information. For example, information such as price, size, name, or available quantity can be included.

The information required to perform settlement of goods is referred to as 'settlement information', and such settlement information may include information such as settlement amount or identification information of the user terminal.

Hereinafter, the settlement method and system will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a billing system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG.

First, a network N for communication of each component constituting the settlement system 100 includes a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a value added network (VAN) Such as a Personal Area Network (PAN), a mobile radio communication network, a Wibro (Wireless Broadband Internet), a Mobile WiMAX, a HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) Wireless network, and can be implemented by a communication method using ultrasonic waves.

The user terminal 10 can be implemented as a computer, a portable terminal, a television, a wearable device, or the like, which can be connected to a remote server through a network N or connected to other terminals and servers. Here, the computer includes, for example, a notebook computer, a desktop computer, a laptop computer, and the like, each of which is equipped with a web browser (WEB Browser), and the portable terminal may be a wireless communication device , Personal Communication System (PCS), Personal Digital Cellular (PDC), Personal Handyphone System (PHS), Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), International Mobile Telecommunication (IMT) (W-CDMA), Wibro (Wireless Broadband Internet), Smart Phone, Mobile WiMAX (Mobile Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) (Handheld) based wireless communication device. In addition, the television may include an Internet Protocol Television (IPTV), an Internet television (TV), a terrestrial TV, a cable TV, and the like. Further, the wearable device is an information processing device of a type that can be directly worn on a human body, for example, a watch, a glasses, an accessory, a garment, shoes, or the like, and can be connected to a remote server via a network, Lt; / RTI >

In addition, the user terminal 10 can generate ultrasonic waves using a speaker capable of outputting sound, and can receive ultrasonic waves containing information by using a microphone for inputting sound, thereby performing ultrasonic communication. The user terminal 10 may perform modulation or demodulation so that information may be included in or extracted from the ultrasonic waves.

The user terminal 10 may be provided with an application capable of performing an ultrasonic communication settlement with the sales terminal 20 to be described later. The user terminal 10 may download the application directly from the sales terminal 20, The server can be provided with a connection address for downloading from the server of the server.

The user terminal 10 may transmit the identification information of the user to the sales terminal 20 using ultrasonic waves, select a product, and request payment for the selected product.

The sales terminal 20 is connected to a remote server through the network N, a computer connectable with other terminals and servers, or a vending machine or a POS terminal including a product selection unit as an input means for selecting a product to be purchased by the user (Point Of Sales) system. The sales terminal 20 includes a device capable of receiving sound for ultrasonic communication, and has a communication device for communicating with a third server.

The sales terminal 20 can receive the ultrasonic wave including the identification information of the user from the user terminal 10 through the receiving apparatus.

The sales terminal 20 can activate the merchandise selection unit to select one or more merchandise that the user can purchase, generate payment information of the selected merchandise from the user, and transmit the generated payment information to the payment server 30 to be described later.

For example, when the sales terminal 20 is a vending machine, the sales terminal 20 can activate the product selection button so that it can purchase the product at the same time as receiving the identification information from the user terminal 10, Button, the payment information can be generated and transmitted to the payment server 30.

Thereafter, when settlement is completed in the payment server 30, the sales terminal 20 can provide a product to the user.

The payment server 30 can be implemented as a general-purpose computer that can be connected to a remote server through the network N, or can be connected to other terminals and servers, or can be provided with a storage medium for storing information, Can be used to store information.

When the payment server 30 receives payment information from the sales terminal 20, it can request payment authentication information from the user terminal 10, and upon receiving the payment authentication information from the user terminal 10, To perform settlement.

At this time, the payment server 30 may perform settlement using the payment means selected by the user or payment means pre-stored in the payment server 30 among the one or more payment means provided to the user terminal 10. [

Hereinafter, each configuration of the settlement system 100 will be described with reference to FIG.

First, the user terminal 10 may include an identification information storage unit 110. The identification information storage unit 110 may store the identification information of the user.

For example, the identification information storage unit 110 may provide card information or the like, which is a payment means, to the payment server 30 so that the user can purchase the goods using the ultrasonic communication, It is possible to receive and store the identification information composed of a series of strings identifying the user who has joined the service.

The user terminal 10 includes an ultrasonic generator 120. The ultrasonic wave generator 120 may generate ultrasonic waves including the identification information of the user terminal 10 transmitted from the identification information storage unit 110 and transmit the generated ultrasonic waves to the sales terminal 20.

In addition, the user terminal 10 includes a settlement authentication unit 130. [ In response to a request from the payment server 30, the payment authentication unit 130 may transmit the payment authentication information for authenticating the user who has requested payment to the payment server 30.

For example, the payment authentication unit 130 may receive a push message requesting input of PIN (Personal Identification Number) information for authentication of a user who has requested payment, from the payment server 30, Upon receipt of the PIN information, the input PIN information is verified, payment authentication information composed of a series of strings is generated based on the identification information of the user, and the generated payment information can be transmitted to the payment server 30.

On the other hand, the sales terminal 20 includes an ultrasonic wave receiving unit 210. The ultrasonic wave receiving unit 210 may receive the ultrasonic wave including the identification information of the user terminal 10 from the user terminal 10.

That is, the ultrasonic receiving unit 210 can sense the ultrasonic waves, receive the ultrasonic waves generated by the user terminal 10, and extract the identification information of the user terminal 10 from the received ultrasonic waves.

The sales terminal 20 includes a merchandise selection unit 220. The merchandise selection unit 220 can select at least one merchandise from at least one merchant that can be settled.

That is, the product selection unit 220 is activated when the identification information of the user terminal 10 is received through the ultrasonic reception unit 210, and can select a product from the user.

For example, when the ultrasonic receiving unit 210 receives the ultrasonic wave from the user terminal 10, the product selecting unit 220 activates the product selection button physically configured in the sales terminal 20 so that the product to be purchased can be selected, The user can select a product from the user.

The sales terminal 20 may include a payment information generator 230. When the user selects at least one commodity, the payment information generating unit 230 may generate payment information for requesting payment of at least one commodity selected by the user.

For example, the payment information generating unit 230 determines the payment amount based on the product information of the product selected by the user, and transmits the payment information including the determined payment amount, the identification information of the user, and the identification information of the sales terminal 20 Lt; / RTI >

Thereafter, the payment request unit 240 can transmit the payment information to the payment server 30 that performs the payment of the goods, and receives the payment completion information, which is information on the completion of payment for the goods, from the payment server 30 .

For example, the payment request unit 240 may transmit the payment information generated by the payment information generation unit 230 while requesting payment to the payment server 30 using a wired or wireless communication method.

The sales terminal 20 may include a goods providing unit 250. The goods providing unit 250 can provide the goods to the user based on the payment completion information received by the payment request unit 240. [

Alternatively, according to the embodiment, the goods supplier 250 can compare only the received payment completion information with the payment information, and provide only the goods that have been paid to the user.

On the other hand, the payment server 30 includes a payment information receiving unit 310. The settlement information receiving unit 310 can receive settlement information from the sales terminal 20.

For example, the payment information receiving unit 310 can receive the payment information from the sales terminal 20 via the wired or wireless communication method and can receive the payment amount included in the received payment information, the identification information of the user terminal 10 , Identification information of the sales terminal 20, and the like.

The settlement server 30 may include a settlement means storage unit 320. The payment means storage unit 320 may store the payment means information, which is information on the payment means, from the user terminal 10 and match the identification information of the user terminal 10.

For example, the payment server 30 may provide one or more payment means to the user terminal 10, and may receive the payment means information of the payment means selected by the user from the user terminal 10. [

According to the embodiment, the payment means storage unit 320 can generate a payment account for managing the identification information or the payment means information of the user terminal 10, and can use the payment account of the user terminal 10 And so on.

The payment server 30 includes an authentication performing unit 330. The authentication performing unit 330 may request payment authentication information from the user terminal 10 and authenticate the user of the user terminal 10 based on the payment authentication information.

For example, the authentication performing unit 330 may receive the identification information of the user terminal 10 included in the payment information from the payment information receiving unit 310, and may input PIN information for user authentication based on the identification information To the user terminal 10. In this case,

The authentication performing unit 330 can receive the payment authentication information from the user terminal 10 and authenticate the payment authorization of the user who made the payment.

For example, the authentication performing unit 330 may receive the payment authentication information received from the user terminal 10 for authentication of the payment authority and the payment authorization information received from the user terminal 10 stored in the payment means storage unit 320 by the authentication performing unit 330. [ It is possible to authenticate the payment authority of the user according to whether the generated authentication information is the same or not.

For example, the authentication performing unit 330 may authenticate the user's payment authority by receiving an electronic signature through the authorized certificate.

The payment server 30 includes a payment performing unit 340. The settlement performing unit 340 may perform settlement based on the settlement information and provide the settlement completion information to the user terminal 10 or the sales terminal 20. [

For example, the payment performing unit 340 can perform payment using a payment means selected by the user or a payment means stored in the payment means storage 320 among a plurality of payment means provided to the user terminal 10 have.

When the settlement is completed, the settlement performing unit 340 can transmit the settlement completion information to the user terminal 10 or the sales terminal 20.

The method of payment method according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 includes the steps of time series processing in the payment system 100 shown in FIG. Accordingly, the contents described above with respect to the settlement system 100 shown in FIG. 2 may be applied to the settlement method according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 even if omitted from the following description.

First, the sales terminal 20 of the settlement system 100 can monitor whether or not an ultrasonic wave corresponding to a specific frequency range is received, and receive the ultrasonic wave generated from the user terminal 10 (S3010).

To this end, the user terminal 10 may be provided with an application capable of performing settlement using ultrasonic communication.

For example, when the application is not installed in the user terminal 10, the user terminal 10 can be provided with an address from which the application terminal 20 can download the application through the third server.

When receiving the ultrasonic wave including the identification information of the user terminal 10, the sales terminal 20 can activate the goods selection unit to select the goods from the user (S3020).

For example, the sales terminal 20 may activate one or more merchandise selection buttons corresponding to one or more merchandise items that can be settled and select merchandise.

Thereafter, the sales terminal 20 may detect whether at least one item of at least one commodity that can be settled is selected from the user of the user terminal (S3030).

When the user selects a product, the sales terminal 20 may generate payment information for the selected one or more goods (S3040).

For example, the sales terminal 20 can determine the settlement amount by summing up the prices of the products selected by the user through the activated product selection button, and determine the settlement amount, the identification information of the user terminal 10, The payment information including the identification information of the mobile terminal.

Then, the sales terminal 20 can transmit the generated payment information to the payment server 30 (S3050).

Then, the payment server 30 may request the user terminal 10 to input payment authentication information for authenticating the user who has requested payment (S3060).

For example, the payment server 30 may send a push message requesting the user terminal 10 to input the authentication number input at the time of membership registration, or requesting the digital signature using the authorized certificate.

At this time, according to the embodiment, the payment server 30 may request selection of at least one payment means among the one or more payment information provided to the user terminal 10. [

Then, the user terminal 10 can receive payment authentication information from the user (S3070), and can transmit the input payment authentication information to the payment server 30 (S3080).

Thereafter, the payment server 30 can perform user authentication based on the payment authentication information received from the user terminal 10 (S3090).

At this time, if the user authentication fails, the payment server 30 may notify the user terminal 10 of the failure of the user authentication, and may request to transmit the authentication information as in step S3060.

Otherwise, if the user authentication is successful, the payment server 30 can perform settlement (S3100).

For example, the payment server 30 may perform payment using the payment means entered by the user at the time of membership registration or the payment means selected by the user at step S3060 before step S3010.

Then, the payment server 30 can transmit the payment completion information to the user terminal 10 or the sales terminal 20 (S3110).

Thereafter, when the sales terminal 20 receives payment completion information from the payment server 30, the sales terminal 20 can provide the goods to the user (S3120).

Meanwhile, according to the embodiment, the payment server 30 can provide compensation to the user based on the price of the goods paid by the user.

For example, the payment server 30 may pay a reward by paying a point to a billing account of the user terminal 10, or by discounting a certain amount of goods.

The payment method according to the embodiment described with reference to FIG. 3 may also be implemented in the form of a recording medium including instructions executable by a computer such as a program module executed by a computer. Computer readable media can be any available media that can be accessed by a computer and includes both volatile and nonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media. In addition, the computer-readable medium can include both computer storage media and communication media. Computer storage media includes both volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Communication media typically includes any information delivery media, including computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave, or other transport mechanism.

Also, the payment method according to an embodiment of the present invention may be implemented as a computer program (or a computer program product) including instructions executable by a computer. A computer program includes programmable machine instructions that are processed by a processor and can be implemented in a high-level programming language, an object-oriented programming language, an assembly language, or a machine language . The computer program may also be recorded on a computer readable recording medium of a type (e.g., memory, hard disk, magnetic / optical medium or solid-state drive).

Therefore, a payment method according to an embodiment of the present invention can be realized by a computer program as described above being executed by a computing device. The computing device may include a processor, a memory, a storage device, a high-speed interface connected to the memory and a high-speed expansion port, and a low-speed interface connected to the low-speed bus and the storage device. Each of these components is connected to each other using a variety of buses and can be mounted on a common motherboard or mounted in any other suitable manner.

Where the processor may process instructions within the computing device, such as to display graphical information to provide a graphical user interface (GUI) on an external input, output device, such as a display connected to a high speed interface And commands stored in memory or storage devices. As another example, multiple processors and / or multiple busses may be used with multiple memory and memory types as appropriate. The processor may also be implemented as a chipset comprised of chips comprising multiple independent analog and / or digital processors.

The memory also stores information within the computing device. In one example, the memory may comprise volatile memory units or a collection thereof. In another example, the memory may be comprised of non-volatile memory units or a collection thereof. The memory may also be another type of computer readable medium such as, for example, a magnetic or optical disk.

And the storage device can provide a large amount of storage space to the computing device. The storage device may be a computer readable medium or a configuration including such a medium and may include, for example, devices in a SAN (Storage Area Network) or other configurations, and may be a floppy disk device, a hard disk device, Or a tape device, flash memory, or other similar semiconductor memory device or device array.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description of the present invention is for illustrative purposes only and that those of ordinary skill in the art can readily understand that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention. will be. It is therefore to be understood that the above-described embodiments are illustrative in all aspects and not restrictive. For example, each component described as a single entity may be distributed and implemented, and components described as being distributed may also be implemented in a combined form.

The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the detailed description and all changes or modifications derived from the meaning and scope of the claims and their equivalents are to be construed as being included within the scope of the present invention do.

100: Billing system
10: User terminal
110: identification information storage unit 130: payment authentication unit
120: Ultrasonic wave generator
20: Sales terminal
210: Ultrasound receiving unit 240: Payment request unit
220: product selection unit 250:
230: Payment information generating unit
30: Payment server
310: payment information receiving unit 330: authentication performing unit
320: payment means storage unit 340:

Claims (15)

A payment system including a sales terminal for communicating with a user terminal using ultrasonic waves,
The sales terminal,
An ultrasound receiver for receiving ultrasonic waves including identification information of the user terminal from the user terminal;
A product selection unit for selecting at least one item of at least one item that can be settled from a user of the user terminal;
A payment information generating unit for generating payment information for requesting settlement of at least one commodity selected from the user; And
And a payment request unit for transmitting the payment information to a payment server that performs payment of the goods. The method according to claim 1,
The product selection unit,
And when the identification information of the user terminal is received through the ultrasonic wave receiving unit, the ultrasonic wave receiving unit is activated. The method according to claim 1,
The payment request unit,
Receiving settlement completion information, which is information on completion of settlement of the commodity, from the settlement server,
The sales terminal,
And a goods providing unit for providing the goods to the user based on the payment completion information. A user terminal which is included in the payment system of claim 1 and communicates with the sales terminal using ultrasonic waves,
An identification information storage unit for storing identification information of the user terminal;
An ultrasonic generator for transmitting ultrasonic waves including identification information of the user terminal to the sales terminal; And
And a payment authentication unit for transmitting, to the payment server, payment authentication information for authenticating a user who has requested payment in response to a request from the payment server. A payment server included in the payment system of claim 1, wherein the payment server performs payment requested by the sales terminal,
A payment information receiving unit for receiving payment information from the sales terminal;
An authentication performing unit for requesting payment authentication information to the user terminal and authenticating a user of the user terminal based on the payment authentication information; And
And a settlement performing unit for performing settlement based on the settlement information and providing settlement completion information. 6. The method of claim 5,
The payment server,
And a payment means storage unit for storing the payment means information, which is information on the payment means, from the user terminal to match the identification information of the user terminal. A method of performing settlement by a sales terminal that communicates with a user terminal using ultrasonic waves,
Receiving ultrasound including identification information of the user terminal from the user terminal;
Receiving at least one commodity from at least one commodity available for payment from a user of the user terminal;
Generating payment information for requesting settlement of at least one item selected from the user; And
And transmitting the payment information to a payment server that performs payment of the goods. 8. The method of claim 7,
Wherein the step of selecting from the user of the user terminal comprises:
And activating a merchandise selection unit that receives merchandise from the user when an ultrasonic wave including identification information of the user terminal is received. 8. The method of claim 7,
In the payment method,
Receiving payment completion information, which is information on completion of payment of the goods, from the payment server; And
And providing the goods to the user based on the payment completion information. A payment method performed by a user terminal communicating with a sales terminal according to claim 7 using ultrasonic waves,
Storing identification information of the user terminal;
Transmitting ultrasonic waves including identification information of the user terminal to the sales terminal;
Receiving payment authentication information for authenticating a user who requested payment from the payment server; And
And transmitting the payment authentication information to the payment server. A payment method performed by a payment server that performs payment requested by a sales terminal of claim 7,
Receiving payment information from the sales terminal;
Requesting payment authentication information for authenticating a user requesting payment to the user terminal;
Authenticating a user of the user terminal based on the payment authentication information; And
Performing settlement based on the settlement information, and providing settlement completion information. 12. The method of claim 11,
In the payment method,
Further comprising the step of matching payment means information, which is information on the payment means, from the user terminal to match the identification information of the user terminal. A computer program stored in a recording medium for performing the method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, which is performed by a sales terminal. 11. A computer program stored on a recording medium for performing the method of claim 10 performed by a user terminal. A computer program stored in a recording medium for performing the method according to any one of claims 11 to 12, which is performed by a computer apparatus.

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