KR20160141717A - Device for delivering particles - Google Patents

Abstract

A delivery device capable of having a cylinder holding a pressure gas and a cassette holding particles is described. When the delivery device is activated, the delivery device can dispense particles over a large target area with a reasonably uniform distribution over its target area, and can also operate quietly. The particles can be held in a cassette. The cassette may be configured to release or discharge more than 70% of the particles during use. The device may have a safety interlock to prevent or minimize the risk of unintentional activation of the device. The device may have a silencer.

Description

[0001] DEVICE FOR DELIVERING PARTICLES [0002]

This application claims benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61 / 945,021 filed February 26, 2014, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference.

The ability to deliver medicines through the skin surface (transdermal delivery) can provide many advantages over oral and parenteral delivery technology. In particular, transdermal delivery has been associated with major problems associated with oral delivery (e.g., variable rates of absorption and metabolism, gastrointestinal irritation, and / or disgusting or unpleasant drug odor) or parenteral delivery (e.g., Safe for a typical drug delivery system that conveniently avoids the pain, the risk of inducing an infection to the treated individual, the contamination of health care workers caused by unintentional needle-piercing or the risk of infection, and the removal of used needles) And can provide a convenient, non-invasive alternative. In addition, transdermal delivery may permit a high degree of control over the blood concentration of the administered drug.

Needless syringes for delivering drug particles contained in an ultrasonic gas stream are known. The needleless syringe can be used for transdermal delivery of powdered drug compounds and compositions, for delivery of genetic material into live cells, and for delivery of biopharmaceuticals to skin, muscle, blood, or lymph. In addition, the needleless needles can be used to deliver drugs and biologics to the surface of the organs, solid tumors and / or surgical cavities (e.g., tumor beds after tumor resection) Can be used together. In theory, practical and arbitrary agents that can be prepared in substantial solids, particulate form, can be safely and easily delivered using such an apparatus.

The needleless syringe may have a elongated tubular converging-diverging nozzle, which initially seals the passage through the nozzle and also has a rupturable membrane disposed substantially adjacent the upstream end of the nozzle. The particles of the therapeutic agent to be delivered can be placed in the cassette adjacent to the rupturable membrane and can also be used to apply a gas pressure sufficient to rupture the membrane on the upstream side of the membrane and for delivery from its downstream end May be delivered using an activation means to produce a supersonic gas flow through the nozzle (including therapeutic agent or drug particles). Thus, the particles can be delivered from the needleless syringe at a very high rate, which is readily attainable in the rupture of the rupturable membrane. So that the particles can be delivered from the needleless syringe at a very high rate that can easily be obtained upon rupture of the rupturable membrane. The passage through the nozzle may have an upstream converging portion leading to the downstream branch through the throat. The converging-branch passage is used to accelerate the gas supersonic. The gas is first transferred to the throat Mach 1, and the downstream branch also accelerates it to the supersonic state of steady state.

A needleless syringe can deliver particles over a large range of speeds with a potentially non-uniform spatial distribution across the target surface. Changes in particle velocity can make it difficult to deliver a highly efficacious powdered drug, vaccine, etc. to a particular target layer in the skin. In addition, non-uniform spatial distribution can cause problems to be improved if even more spatial distribution is achieved. In addition, flow considerations within a needleless syringe can limit the maximum size of the target area over which the particles can be dispensed, thereby limiting the maximum particle payload size.

Also, the rupture of the rupturable membrane can make the operation of the syringe quite disturbing, which can be a disadvantage, for example, when treating a child. It would be advantageous to have a needleless syringe that would operate quietly and that could distribute the particles above its target area over a wider target area with a reasonably uniform distribution. By distributing the particles of the payload over a wider target area with good uniformity of the particle distribution over the target area, a larger payload can be delivered.

A transdermal drug delivery system is described which involves the use of a needleless syringe to deliver powder (i. E., A solid drug comprising particles) into the intact skin and through the intact skin in a controlled dose.

An apparatus for delivering particles is described. The device may have a pressure gas vessel filled with pressure gas. The device may have a user interface such as a push button or switch and a trigger with a gas container interface such as a pin. The device may have a detachable safety interlock configured to interfere with the operation of the trigger. The device may have one or more gas flow passages. The apparatus may have a particle vessel containing particles, such as a particle cassette. The device may have a delivery port. The particle vessel may be located in a gas flow passage between the gas vessel and the delivery port.

The device may have a cover or a case. The safety interlock can be fixed to the case. The case is movable relative to the user interface along a longitudinal axis of the case. When the case is in the first locking position relative to the user interface, the safety interlock can be configured to interfere with the operation of the trigger. When the case is in the second unlocking position relative to the user interface, the safety interlock can be configured to allow operation of the user interface.

When the case is in the first position relative to the user interface, the safety interlock can be engageably inserted into the user interface to prevent interference with the user interface and to prevent operation of the user interface.

The safety interlock may have a latch or may be a latch.

At least a portion of the safety interlock can be removably attached to the case. The safety interlock may be inside at least a portion of the user interface when the safety interlock is in the locking position. The user interface may be configured to break the gas container interface, such as the cap on the gas cylinder, away from the gas container when the user interface is activated.

The gas container interface may have a cover removably attached on the gas container. The safety interlock may have a triangular interference element.

The particles to be delivered may comprise a therapeutic agent in powder form. The therapeutic agent may be an anesthetic agent such as lidocaine.

Disclosed is a particle delivery method that can include separating a safety interlock on the particle delivery apparatus. The device may have a safety interlock, a trigger, a pressure gas, and particles to be delivered. The method may include activating a trigger. Activating the trigger may include releasing pressure gas. The method may further comprise guiding the emitted gas towards the particles. The method may include accelerating the particles. The particle accelerating step may comprise a release gas that transfers an accelerating force on the particles.

The step of isolating the safety interlock may include moving the disturbance element from a position that interferes with the operation of the user interface to a position that does not disturb the operation of the user interface. Moving the disturbance element from a position that interferes with the operation may include moving the case relative to the user interface.

The disturbing element may extend parallel to the longitudinal axis of the case from the case. The step of disengaging the safety interlock may include breaking or bending the obstruction element. The disturbing element may be continuous with the case and extend from the case.

The case may be detachably attached to the obstruction element. The step of disengaging the safety interlock may include disengaging the interfering element from the case.

The method may further include discharging accelerated particles of the apparatus from the outlet port.

An apparatus for delivering particles is described. The device may have a gas supply, and a particle cassette. The gas supply unit may be configured to supply gas under pressure. The particle cassette may hold particles to be delivered to the reservoir inside the particle cassette. The particle cassette may have a cassette housing, said cassette housing having a male type cassette portion coupled to the female type cassette portion, and a first thin film on the port of the male type cassette portion and a second thin film on the port of the female type cassette portion, And has two cassette thin films. The cassette housing may comprise about 18% to about 28% vinyl acetate (VA), more narrowly about 18% to about 27% VA, even more narrowly about 18% to about 20% VA, Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers.

The cassette housing may have a central channel with an inner diameter of 5 mm to 7 mm. The diameter of the central channel may be equal to one or two male or female cassette part port diameters. The cassette center channel may have an inner diameter of about 5.8 mm to 6.5 mm.

The cassette film may be made from polycarbonate. The cassette film may be 100% polycarbonate. The thin film may be 10 to 30 microns thick.

A method for delivering particles is described. The method may include storing the particles in a cassette having a cassette housing and a cassette film. The method may include delivering pressure gas to the outside of the cassette. The method may further comprise rupturing the cassette, e.g., the cassette film, with a pressure gas. The method may further comprise the step of accelerating the particles from the cassette with a pressure gas. The pressure gas can deliver more than 40% of the particles of the cassette, and more narrowly more than 70% of the particles of the cassette. The pressurized gas can deliver 40-85%, more narrowly 40-70%, or 60-85% of the particles of the cassette.

An apparatus for delivering particles is described. The apparatus may include a pressure gas vessel, a gas flow passage, a particle cassette, and a silencer. The muffler may be radially outward of the gas flow passage. The silencer can be manufactured from a foam. The foam may comprise a porous polyurethane. The muffler may be in the gas flow passage. The pressure gas vessel may contain pressure gas under a pressure of 25 to 60 bar.

The device may comprise a nozzle. At least the length of the gas flow passage may extend through the nozzle. The muffler may be radially outward of the nozzle.

The nozzle may expand radially along the longitudinal axis of the device.

The device may have a cover. The muffler can be inside the cover. The silencer may be embedded in the cover. The cover may be injection molded around the muffler (e.g., by double injection molding).

The silencer may include a foam coating the inner wall of the nozzle.

Fig. 1A shows a modification of the delivery device.
Fig. 1B is a modification of the cross-sectional view AA of Fig. 1A.
1C-1E are enlarged variations of BB of FIG. 1B, showing only some of the elements with buttons in their respective locked, unlocked, and pressed positions for illustrative purposes.
Fig. 1C 'is an enlarged modification of BB in Fig. 1C.
2A shows a modification of the cylinder housing.
Figure 2B is a variation of the cross-sectional view CC of Figure 2A.
Figure 2c is a perspective view of the housing of Figure 2a.
Fig. 3A shows a modification of the pressure gas cylinder.
Figure 3B is a variation of the cross-sectional view DD of Figure 3A.
4A shows a modified example of an adaptive ball spacer.
Figure 4b is a variation of the cross-sectional view EE of Figure 4a.
Figure 4c is a top view of the conformable ball spacer of Figure 4a.
5A shows a modification of the filter.
5B is a cross-sectional view of a modification of the filter.
6A shows a modification of the expansion chamber.
6B is a modification of the cross-sectional view FF of the expansion chamber.
Fig. 7A shows a modified example of the nozzle.
Fig. 7B is a modification of the cross-sectional view GG of Fig. 7A.
8A shows a modification of the retainer.
Fig. 8B is a modification of the cross-sectional view HH of Fig. 8A.
9A shows a modified example of a cross-sectional view of a silencer cover.
Fig. 9B shows a modification of the three-dimensional view of the silencer cover.
Fig. 10 shows a modification of the silencer packing.
Fig. 11 shows a modification of the spring.
12A shows a modification of the cross-sectional view of the cover.
12B shows a modification of the three-dimensional view of the cover.
13A shows a modification of the cross-sectional view of the button.
13B shows a modification of the three-dimensional view of the button.
Fig. 13C shows a modification of the button top view.
Fig. 14 shows a modification of the cassette.
15A shows a modification of the male cassette portion.
15B is a modification of the cross-sectional view JJ in Fig. 15A.
16A shows a modification of the male cassette portion.
16B is a modification of the cross-sectional view KK of Fig. 16A.

Figure 1a shows that a powdered pharmaceutical delivery device 1 (i.e., a needleless syringe) can deliver particles to a treatment surface, such as an engine surface, such as the skin or dermis. The delivery device 1 may have a delivery device longitudinal axis 32, a delivery device transverse axis 34, and a delivery device length 36. The delivery device length 36 may be about 1400 mm to about 1700 mm, more narrowly about 1600 mm to about 1675 mm, such as about 1450 mm, about 1500 mm, about 1550 mm, about 1600 mm, about 1650 mm, 1675 mm, and about 1700 mm.

Figure 1b shows that the delivery device 1 comprises a cylinder housing 2, a pressure gas vessel, a pressure vessel or pressure cylinder 4, a compliant ball spacer (CBS) 6, a filter 8, And the user of the button 24 and the expansion chamber 10, the nozzle 12, the retainer 14, the silencer cover 16, the silencer packing material or packing 18, the spring 20, the case or the cover 22, Interface, a cassette 200 having a male cassette portion 26 and a female cassette portion 28, a delivery device opening 30, or any combination thereof.

The muffler can reduce noise when the transmission device 1 is operated. The silencer may have a silencer cover (16) and a silencer packing (18).

The delivery device 1 can produce uniformity of the particles on the surface.

1C and 1C 'illustrate that the device may have a safety interlock 114. The safety interlock can be fixed to the case 22 and extend therefrom. The safety interlock 114 may be a continuous integral triangular latch that extends around one or each side of the bore of the case 22 on which the button 24 is seated. The safety interlock may be located radially inward of the button (as shown in FIG. 1C) and / or the pressure and actuation of the button 24, the risk of unintentional start-up of the device (ie, Which is configured as a notch or groove in the button 24, which interferes with minimization and removal of the button.

The safety interlock 114 may have a tab or a safety cover on the radially outer surface of the button 24. [ The tab or safety cover may be deflected out of the button 24 or bent out of the rest of the safety interlock 114 before unlocking the device 1.

The safety interlock 114 may be biased to remain on the button seat 208 or pressed against the button seat or may be in a position that would compromise or interfere with the pressure of the button.

The spring 20 transmits a force parallel to the longitudinal axis of the device towards the distal end of the device 1, as shown by the arrow, and urges the cylinder housing 2 toward the distal end. The cylinder housing 2 can be fixed to the button pin 48 and the button 24 in the longitudinal direction. The spring force is transmitted to the button 24 through the cylinder housing 2 to maintain the locking position of the button 24 relative to the safety interlock 114 when there is no external force large enough to counter the spring force.

Figure 1d shows that the button 24 (and other elements that are secured to the button, such as the rest of the trigger) overcome the spring force to cause the device longitudinal axis 32 And / or the case longitudinal direction axis). Button 24 and / or case 22 can be moved relative to each other to separate the interference fit of safety interlock 114 from button 24, the latter being shown by arrow 206. [ The radially outer surface of the stepped portion 116a of the button 24 can slide relative to the inside of the case 22. [ After the safety interlock 114 is disengaged from the button 24, the button 24 may be urged (i.e., radially or transversely toward the center of the device) without interference by the safety interlock 114 ).

The distal end of the delivery device 1 presses against the surface (e.g., against the user's palm, the backside of the hand, or the skin to which the particles are to be delivered) against the surface, such as to press against the distal end of the silencer cover 16. [ When pressed, the cylinder housing 2 can move toward the base with respect to the case 22 as shown by the arrow 205. The cylinder housing 2 can move the button 24 toward the base 22 with respect to the case 22 as shown by the arrow 204. [ The button 24 can then be detached and unlocked from the safety interlock 114 without interruption.

1E shows that after the safety interlock 114 is disengaged, the button 24 is pressed and / or actuated onto the contact portion 116b as shown by the arrows. When the button 24 is pressed and / or operated, the cylinder 4 holding the pressure gas (for example, helium) may be broken. When the cylinder (4) is broken, the pressure gas can escape from the cylinder (4). The gas may flow through the gas flow path from any portion of the cylinder (e.g., the upper portion, middle portion, or bottom portion) through the CBS 6. The gas may pass through a filter (8). The gas may enter the expansion chamber 10. When pressure is accumulated in the expansion chamber 10, gas may enter the cassette 200. The gas can enter the cassette by breaking the film. The gas may take up particles (e.g., drug particles, therapeutic agents, solids, drug products, or any combination thereof) located in the cassette 200 and may be used to shoot them through the nozzle 12 . The nozzle 12 may accelerate the velocity of the gas and / or the particles. The gas and / or particles may escape through the delivery device opening 30. [

The button 24 may have a hammer or button pin 48 extending radially toward the center of the device. When the button 24 is pressed, the button pin 48 presses or breaks the cylinder 4 and opens or presses the secondary (e.g., cylinder housing) The pressure gas stored in the cylinder 4 is released by breaking the cap at the end of the cylinder 4 and opening or pressing the cap. The secondary pin and / or cap at the end of the button 24, the button pin 48 and possibly the cylinder 4 may be part or all of the trigger to deliver the particles by actuating the device, have.

2A-2C illustrate a cylinder housing 2 that can hold a cylinder 4 (e.g., filled with pressure helium, oxygen, carbon dioxide, or a combination thereof). The cylinder housing 2 may have a housing length 44, a housing opening 38, a housing port 40, a housing bracket 42, a housing tip 52, or any combination thereof. The cylinder housing 2 may be made of polycarbonate, or any other material may be inserted for the cylinder housing 2. The housing length 44 may be about 90 mm to 120 mm, more narrowly about 100 mm to 115 mm, such as about 105 mm, about 108 mm, about 108.5 mm, about 110 mm, and about 115 mm have.

The housing opening (38) is on the distal end of the cylinder housing (2). The housing opening (38) allows the cylinder (4) to be inserted into the cylinder housing (2). The gas may exit the housing opening 38 when the trigger is activated.

The housing port 40 may be located on the base end or the distal end of the cylinder housing 2. The housing port 40 can be located on the side of the cylinder housing 2 on the lateral side. The housing port 40 may be orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder housing 2. The housing port 40 may be coupled to the button 24. The housing port 40 may allow the pin 48 to enter when the transmission device 1 is actuated by the button 24. [ The pin 48 may break the upper portion of the cylinder 50.

The housing bracket 42 can stabilize the cylinder housing 2 in the cover 22. The housing bracket 42 may be a circular latch. The housing bracket 42 may extend radially outwardly from the longitudinal axis of the cylinder housing 2. The housing tip 52 may be on the base end of the cylinder housing 2 and / or the transfer device 1. The housing tip 52 may be coupled to the spring 20.

The cylinder housing 2 may have an electronic or mechanical sensor. An electronic or mechanical sensor can alert the user to ensure that the cylinder 4 is secured to the cylinder housing 2. [ The cylinder housing 2 may have a sensor for determining when the cylinder 4 is full and / or when it is empty. The cylinder housing 2 may have a discharge mechanism. The discharge mechanism may be on the cylinder housing 2 and / or on the rest of the transfer device 1. The discharge mechanism is capable of discharging the cylinder 4 from the cylinder housing 2.

Figs. 3A and 3B show a cylinder 4 capable of holding a pressure gas. The cylinder 4 may have a cylinder length 54, a cylinder bulkhead 56, a cylinder bevel 58, a cylinder upper portion 50, or any combination thereof. The cylinder (4) may be made of aluminum, steel, polycarbonate, or any combination thereof. The cylinder length 54 may be about 65 mm to 75 mm, more narrowly about 69 mm to 73 mm, such as about 70 mm, about 70.8 mm, about 71 mm, about 71.3 mm, and about 72 mm .

The cylinder bank 56 can hold the pressure gas. The cylinder bulkhead 56 may have an inner wall and an outer wall. The pressure gas may be charged above about 10 bar, or more narrowly above about 100 bar. The pressure gas may be charged to from about 25 to about 60 bar. When the delivery device 1 is activated (e.g., by pressing the button), a high pressure gas can transfer the particles to the intended target area.

The cylinder upper portion 50 may be located on the base end or distal end of the device 1. [ The cylinder upper portion 50 may have a tapered neck portion leading to the cylinder bulkhead 56. When the cylinder upper portion 50 is broken, the pressure gas can escape. The destruction may occur when the trigger is activated. For example, failure of the cylinder upper portion 50 may be caused by operation of the pin 48, which can be controlled and / or coupled to the button 24. The pin 48 may cut off a portion of the cylinder upper portion 50.

The cylinder upper portion 50 may have a screen to prevent gas from leaking before the delivery device 1 is actuated. When the device 1 is operated, the screen can be perforated to allow gas to escape from the cylinder 4.

The cylinder bevel 58 may be located on the distal end or the base end of the cylinder 4. The cylinder bevel 58 may have a recess. The cylinder bevel 58 may be bent inward toward the cylinder bulkhead 56. The cylinder bevel 58 may be coupled to the CBS 6. The cylinder bevel 58 may have a screen to prevent gas from leaking. The screen can be destroyed by the pressure gas when the delivery device 1 is operated.

Figures 4a-4c illustrate that compliant spacer balls (CBS) 6 may be gaskets. The CBS 6 includes at least one, two, three, four, or more hollow portions 60, a CBS base 61, a CBS tip 62, a CBS height 64, a CBS diameter 66, , Or any combination thereof. CBS can be made from Santoprene, high impact polystyrene (HIPS), or any combination thereof. For example, the CBS tip 62 may be made of Santoprene, and the CBS base 61 may be made of HIPS. The CBS diameter 66 may be about 15 mm to 20 mm, more narrowly about 18 mm to 19 mm, such as about 18 mm, about 18.8 mm, and about 19 mm. The CBS height may be about 8 mm to 10 mm, for example about 8.8 mm, about 9 mm, and about 9.2 mm. The CBS 6 may be circular, square, triangular, or any combination thereof. The CBS 6 includes a cylinder 4, a filter 8, a nozzle 12, a cassette 200 (i.e., a male cassette portion 26, a female cassette portion 28), an expansion chamber 10, May be combined in any combination. For example, the CBS tip 62 may be coupled to the cylinder 4 and / or may face the cylinder. The CBS base 61 may be coupled to the filter 8. The CBS 6 can prevent / reduce gas leakage.

The hollow portion 60 may allow gas to enter the cassette 200. The hollow portion 60 may have a first opening 60a in the CBS tip. The hollow portion 60 may have a second opening 60b in the CBS base. The gas may flow from the first opening 60a through the second opening 60b. The first opening 60a may be the same, smaller, or larger diameter as the second opening 60b. The hollow portion 60 may be circular, elliptical, square, triangular, or any combination thereof.

FIG. 5A shows at least one, two, or more filters 8 that are capable of filtering any foreign matter in the gas. The filter 8 may be made of steel (e.g., 316L stainless steel), plastic (e.g., polypropylene), or any combination thereof. The filter 8 may be circular, elliptical, triangular, rectangular, square, or any combination thereof. The filter 8 may be porous, mesh, or any other material through which the gas can flow. The filter 8 may have pores. The pores may be triangular, square, rectangular, elliptical, circular, or any combination thereof.

The filter 8 may be coupled to an end (e.g., second opening 60b) of the CBS 6, an expansion chamber 10, a nozzle 12, a cylinder, or any combination thereof. The filter 8 may have a size that can be inserted into the delivery device 1. [ For example, the filter 8 may be sized to be inserted between the CBS 6 and the expansion chamber 10.

The filter may have a filter diameter 67. The filter diameter 67 may be about 17 mm to 20 mm, more narrowly about 18 mm to 19 mm, such as about 18 mm, about 18.5 mm, and about 19 mm.

Fig. 5b shows a filter 8 which may have a filter thickness 68. Fig. The filter thickness 68 may be from about 0.1 mm to about 0.25 mm, more narrowly from about 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm, such as about 0.1 mm, about 0.15 mm, and 0.2 mm.

6A and 6B illustrate an expansion chamber 10 that can hold the cassette 200 in place. The expansion chamber 10 can hold the filled, partially filled, or emptied cassette 200 in place. The expansion chamber 10 may allow the gas pressure from the cylinder 4 to accumulate. The expansion chamber 10 may accumulate pressure to accelerate the gas. The expansion chamber 10 may be made of high impact polystyrene. The expansion chamber 10 may be coupled to a filter 8, a CBS 6, a cassette 200, a nozzle 12, or any combination thereof.

The expansion chamber 10 may have a first expansion chamber opening 70a, a second expansion chamber opening 70b, a middle portion 72, an inner wall, and an outer wall. The first expansion chamber opening 70a may have a first tapered portion 74a at the end (i.e., edge) of the first expansion chamber opening 70a. The first tapered portion 74a may be tapered inwardly with respect to the expansion chamber 10. The first expansion chamber opening 70a may have a straight portion. The straight portion may be connected to the first tapered portion 74a. The first expansion chamber opening 70a may have the same, smaller, or larger diameter as the second expansion chamber opening 70b. The second expansion chamber opening 70b may have a second tapered portion 74b at the end of the second expansion chamber opening 70b. The second tapered portion 74b may be tapered inwardly with respect to the expansion chamber 10. The second expansion chamber opening 70b may have a curved portion. The bent portion may be connected to the second tapered portion 74b. The intermediate portion 72 may have a portion that may be narrower (or may have a smaller diameter) than the first expansion chamber opening 70a and / or the second expansion chamber opening 70b. The intermediate portion 72 may be curved, straight, or any combination thereof.

Figures 7a and 7b show the nozzle 12 allowing the emitted gas to be accelerated. The nozzle 12 may be made of high impact polystyrene. The nozzle 12 may be coupled to the expansion chamber 10, the filter 8, the cassette 200, the cylinder 4, or any combination thereof. The nozzle 12 may be a triangular tubular duct. The nozzle 12 can handle pressures greater than or equal to 20 bar. The nozzle 12 may have a nozzle length 76 of about 50 mm to 75 mm, more narrowly about 55 mm to 65 mm, for example about 60 mm.

The nozzle 12 may have at least one, two, three, four, or more fins 78. The pin 12 may be coupled to the conical tube 79, the cover 22, the housing 2, or any combination thereof. The pin may be positioned radially on the conical tube 79. The pin 78 may extend outwardly relative to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle 12. The pin 78 may provide structural stiffness.

The nozzle 12 may have an upper converging portion 80, a lower branch portion 82 and a neck portion 84 connecting the upper converging portion 80 and the lower branch portion 82. The converging-branching portion can be used to accelerate the gas supersonic or at any other desired speed. The gas can first be moved to Mach 1 or to the neck at any other desired speed. The downstream branch may be used to accelerate the gas to a steady state supersonic speed or at any other desired speed. The nozzle 12 may have a hollow cavity at the base end of the expansion chamber 10.

8A and 8B illustrate at least one, two, or more retainers 14 that can retain the nozzle-housing assembly in place. The first and second retainers 14a and 14b can be positioned on the lateral side of the delivery device 1. [ The retainer 14 may be made of polycarbonate. The retainer 14 may have a retainer opening 85. The retainer opening 85 may be at the top of the retainer 14. The retainer openings 85 can assist in the installation. The retainer 14 may have a retainer space 87. The retainer space 87 can lock the nozzle 12 in place.

Figures 9a and 9b show a silencer cover 16 which can hold silencer packings 18. The silencer cover 16 may be made of high impact polystyrene, polyurethane, or any combination thereof. The muffler cover 16 may have a cylindrical shape. The silencer cover 16 may be coupled to the silencer packing 18, the nozzle 12, the filter 8, the cover 22, the housing 2, the retainer 14, or any combination thereof. The silencer cover 16 may encircle and / or surround all or a portion of the nozzle 12. The muffler cover 16 is sized to be insertable within the cover 22 so that a portion of the muffler cover 16 (e.g., the distal end of the muffler cover 16) is not covered or surrounded by the cover 22. [ Lt; / RTI > A portion of the silencer cover 16 may extend from the cover 22. The silencer cover 16 includes a silencer cover outer diameter 88, silencer cover inner diameter 90, silencer cover length 92, at least one, two, three, four, five, six, gap 94, silencer gap width 96, silencer gap length 98, silencer cover longitudinal axis 100, or any combination thereof.

The muffler cover outer diameter 88 may be about 25 mm to 35 mm, more narrowly about 25 mm to 30 mm, e.g. about 29 mm and about 30 mm. The muffler cover inner diameter 90 can be about 15 mm to 20 mm, more narrowly about 16 mm to 18 mm, e.g. about 17 mm. The muffler cover length 92 may be about 50 mm to 100 mm, more narrowly about 60 mm to 70 mm, such as about 64 mm and about 64,6 mm, and about 65 mm. The silencer gap width 96 may be between about 5 mm and 10 mm, more narrowly between about 6 mm and 9 mm, such as about 7 mm and about 8 mm. The muffler gap length 98 may be about 5 mm to 15 mm, more narrowly about 8 mm to 12 mm, such as about 10 mm, about 11 mm, and about 12 mm.

The gap 94 may be located on the muffler cover 16. The gap may allow gas to escape. Gap 94 may be circular, triangular, square, rectangular, diamond-shaped, or any combination thereof. At least the first gap 94a, the second gap 94b, and / or the third gap 94c may be in a first row. At least the fourth gap 94d, the fifth gap 94e, and / or the sixth gap 94f may be in the second row. The first and second rows may be on the same side of the silencer cover 16. The first column may be directly above the second column. The first row and the second row may be on opposite sides of the silencer cover 16. The first gap 94a and the second gap 94b may be adjacent to each other. The first gap 94a may have a first side and the second gap 94b may have a first side. The first side of the first gap 94a and the first side of the second gap 94b may be parallel to each other or may be orthogonal to each other.

Fig. 10 shows a silencer packing 18 which can alleviate the noise generated when the transmission device 1 is operated. The silencer packings 18 may be one piece. The muffler packing 18 may have a first portion and a second portion. The silencer packings 18 may be made from a relaxed or silenced foam. The silencer foam can be injected as a liquid in the muffler cavity, which can be hardened and solidified. The silencer foam may be spray coated onto the inner surface of the muffler cavity, which may be hardened and solidified. Curing can be carried out by exposure to UV and / or exposure to air and / or time lapse.

The silencer foam may be a solid or rigid member that is die-cut from a large piece of solid foam. The silencer packings 18 may be made from urethane (e.g., porous polyurethane).

The silencer packings 18 may be inserted into the silencer cover 16. The case 22 may have a silencer cavity 220 configured to hold the silencer packing 18. The muffler cavity 220 may be formed by part or all of the muffler cover 16. [ The solid foam can be slidably inserted into the silencer cavity 220. The muffler foam may have a cylindrical shape prior to insertion into the muffler cavity, or may be shaped as shown in Fig. 10 and may also be flexibly deformed when inserted into the muffler cavity. The silencer cover may be sealed on all sides except for, for example, a suction port for receiving the liquid silencer packings 18 and an outlet port for venting pressure when the liquid silencer packings 18 are injected.

The silencer packings 18 may be attached to the inner periphery of the muffler cover 16. The silencer packings 18 may cover the inner circumference of the muffler cover 16. [ The silencer packings 18 may surround the outer periphery of the muffler cover 16. [ The silencer packings 18 may surround / surround the entire nozzle 12 or a portion of the nozzle 12. The silencer packings 18 may be produced by dual injection molding. The silencer packings 18 may be molded inside the muffler cover 16. [ The silencer packings 18 may be square, rectangular, circular, elliptical, or any combination thereof.

The silencer packings 18 may have silencer packing lengths 102 of about 60 mm to 70 mm, for example about 66 mm. The silencer packings 18 may have silencer packing heights 104 of about 40 mm to 55 mm, for example about 49 mm. The silencer packings 18 may have a silencer packing width (i.e., thickness) 106 of about 0.01 mm to 2 mm, for example about 1.8 mm.

The silencer packings 18 may be coated on the inner surface of the nozzle 12 in contact with the gas passages.

The silencer comprising the silencer packings 18 may serve as a vibration dampener and a noise barrier for the device 1. The silencer packings 18 can minimize the noise produced when the delivery device 1 is operated. The porosity characteristics of the polyurethane can allow the gas to escape after the device 1 is operated. The escape of the gas through the pores can prevent or reduce the gas in the area of the nozzle 12. Accumulation of gas can produce backpressure, which can affect the amount of drug formulation released, the uniformity of the drug formulation, and / or discharge. For example, the noise level by silencer packing 18 may be less than about 85 dB during use without accumulating gas. The pores of the silencer packings 18 may be circular, square, rectangular, diamond, oval, triangular, or any combination thereof.

Fig. 11 shows a spring 20 which can assist the safety interlock function of the delivery device 1. Fig. The spring 20 can be engaged and disengaged with the safety interlock function (i.e., the triangular latch or safety interlock 114) of the delivery device 1. The spring 20 may be made of nickel-coated stainless steel (e.g., stainless steel 302). The spring 20 may be located at the base end of the device 1. The spring 20 can be compressed when the delivery device 1 is pressed against the surface. The spring 20 may be coupled to the housing tip 52. The spring 20 is configured to urge a portion of the device 1, including, for example, a trigger (e.g., button 24 and pin 48) Can be deflected toward the distal end of the case (22). For example, the spring 20 may lock the button 24 against the safety interlock 114 when the button 24 is moved relative to the case 22 and no external force is applied to unlock the button 24 Position.

Figures 12a and 12b show a cover 22 which can be the outer shell of the delivery device 1. [ The cover allows the user to operate the delivery device 1 with one hand. The cover 22 may be made of high impact polystyrene. The cover 22 may be ergonomic for the user. The outside of the cover 22 may be smooth. The outside of the cover 22 may be round. The outside of the cover 22 may have no edge. The cover 22 may have a tapered shape. The cover 22 may have a pen shape. The cover 22 may be combined with the cylinder housing 2 to form an integral member. The cover 22 and / or the cylinder housing 2 may comprise any combination of the components recited in this application.

The cover 22 may have an opening for the button 24. The cover 22 may have a cover opening 108. The cover opening 108 may allow a portion of the silencer cover 16 to extend outwardly. The cover 22 may have a cover side opening 110. The cover side opening 110 may be a latch opening for the cylinder housing 2. The cover 22 may have a V-shaped ridge 112 that surrounds a portion of the button 24. The protuberance 112 may protect the button 24. The cover 22 may have a positioning pin for the cylinder housing 2.

13A-13C illustrate that button 24 may be made of polycarbonate. The button 24 may be triangular, circular, oval, square, or any combination thereof. The button 24 may have a button surface 116.

The button surface 116 may be inclined or tilted relative to the device longitudinal axis. The button surface 116 may have a stepped portion 116a that is lower than the contact portion 116b. A portion of the contact portion 116b may be positioned at the same level as the ridge 112. [

The button may have one or more catches 119 that extend toward the center of the device 1. The catch 119 can be coupled to the housing 2. The catch 119 can engage with the inner lip of the device 1 to prevent the button from being radially disengaged from the rest of the device 1.

The button 24 may have a safety interlock engagement interface, such as a slot, slot, notch, or button seat 208 (the safety interlock engagement interface shown here is female and the safety interlock is male, The interlock coupling interface may be a male type such as, for example, a tab, a latch, a brad, a prong, or a combination thereof, and the safety interlock may be a groove, slot, notch, sheet, It can be female type.

The interaction between the safety interlock engagement interface and the safety interlock can prevent the button 24 from operating independently by the small triangular latch 114 on the cover 22 and / The triangular latch 114 may be on the base end or distal end of the device 1. The triangular latch 114 may be on the proximal or distal end of the button 24.

The button 24 may be lifted from the triangular latch 114 when the end of the muffler cover 16 of the delivery device 1 is pressed against or against the surface. For example, the button 24 may be lifted from the triangular latch 114 by a triangular latch 114 that moves to the base or end with respect to the button 24. When the button 24 is lifted from the triangular latch 114, the button 24 can be pressed. The button 24 allows the gas cylinder 4 to be opened (e.g., by rupturing the upper portion of the cylinder 50 by the pin 48) And delivers the particles of the cassette 200. [ After the delivery device 1 is activated, the button 24 may be in a pressurized condition. The button 24 can not return to its original position after the delivery device 1 is actuated.

14 illustrates that cassette 200 may have cassette housing 204, a housing port (e.g., one at the top and one at the bottom invisible), and one or two cassette thin film bulkheads. The cassette 200 may have a cassette reservoir inside the cassette 200. The cassette housing 204 may be manufactured as a single piece or as two pieces, i.e., a male cassette portion 26 and a female cassette portion 28, which may be joined to encapsulate the particles. The cassette reservoir may contain a dosage of particles such as therapeutic particles (e.g., anesthetics such as lidocaine, insulin, epinephrine) or diagnostic particles.

The cassette 200 may have a cassette port 208 that is open on one side or both sides of the housing. The cassette port 208 may be in fluid communication (i.e., accessed) with a cassette channel or reservoir containing, for example, particles (i.e., powder). The open cassette port 208 may be covered by the cassette film 210. The cassette film 210 may be made of polycarbonate, for example, 100% polycarbonate. The cassette film 210 may be heat sealed to the cassette housing 204.

The cassette housing 204 may have a cassette housing height 214 of about 2 mm to about 5 mm, more narrowly about 3.5 mm to about 4 mm, e.g., 3,79 mm or about 4 mm. The housing 204 may have a cassette housing diameter 212 of about 5 mm to about 15 mm, more narrowly about 10 mm to about 15 mm, e.g., 11 mm or about 11.1 mm.

The cassette housing 204 may be made of a polymer, for example, ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA). EVA is a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate (VA). EVA may be VA, the remainder ethylene copolymer. The two main parameters to determine its properties are the weight percent vinyl acetate of the copolymer and the melt index (MI). The more vinyl acetate is added to the polymer, the more it can break the polyethylene crystallinity, which can lower the melting point, coefficient, and hardness. VA can make polymers more polar, which can improve adhesion to polar substrates (films) and help solubility.

The table below shows the thermal properties of the EVA copolymer variants. EVA can be 40% VA. Ring and ball softening points can predict high temperature properties. The conversion value for EVA resin is a reflection value of DSC melting point and polymer viscosity. It is possible to have a low melting polymer as measured by DSC, which has a high rounding count. For example, the EVA resin is 28% VA and can be melted at 74 占 폚, but due to its high melt strength it can have a warmth of 171 占 폚. The change of the melt index does not change the melting point. The EVA resin can be 28% VA, the MI can vary from about 3 to about 43, and the melting point can drop by 1 占 폚.

EVA Copolymer  Thermal properties % Vinyl acetate Melt Index Melting point (캜) Round trip (℃) 40 57 47 104 32 43 63 110 28 3 75 171 28 43 74 110 18 2.5 67 188 12 2.5 74 199 9 2 81 193

Table 2 shows DSC results for high MI (low viscosity) polymers. For the same VA level, there was a decrease in melting point vs. lower MI (high viscosity) relative.

High melt index % Vinyl acetate Melt Index Melting point (캜) Freezing Point (℃) Round trip (℃) 28 400 60 39 82 18 500 73 53 88

The melting point of the polymer reflects the upper end use temperature for the adhesive. On the melting point, the polymer is a viscous liquid and can also creep or fail. The freezing point of the polymer can affect the set speed. The polymer can be solidified, for example, at 80 캜 or 40 캜, and a polymer having a high freezing point will be set up sooner.

The cassette may be made, for example, from about 18% to about 28% VA EVA. The softening temperature may be below 150 ° C and the freezing point may be from about 40 ° C to about 50 ° C. A softening temperature of 150 占 폚 may allow the EVA cassette housing 204 to melt and adhere to the cassette film 210 (e.g., a polycarbonate film). During cooling, the cassette film 210 may be secured to the cassette housing 204 to form a permanent bond.

All or a portion of the cassette housing 204 is about 18-28% VA (i.e., about 18% to about 28% VA, the remainder being an ethylene copolymer), more narrowly about 18% to about 27% VA , And more narrowly from about 18% to about 20% VA, such as about 18% VA. The composition of the EVA copolymer is such that the low melting properties of the EVA when heated will allow the EVA to form a permanent rigid seal with the polycarbonate film (e. G., Used as the cassette foil 210) It may be suitable for use in forming the cassette housing 204. [

Figures 15A and 15B show that the male cassette portion 26 may have a first male portion 118a having a male cassette outer diameter 120 and a second male portion 118b having a male type inner diameter 122 Respectively. The male die outer diameter 120 may be larger than the male die inner diameter 122. The male cassette outer diameter 120 may be about 5 mm to 15 mm, more narrowly 10 mm to 15 mm, for example about 11 mm and about 11.2 mm. The male cassette inner diameter 122 may be about 4 mm to 10 mm, more narrowly 5 mm to 7 mm, for example about 6 mm and about 6.1 mm.

16A and 16B illustrate that the female cassette portion 28 can be made from the same material as the male cassette portion 26. [

The female cassette portion 28 may have a first female portion 124a having a female cassette outer diameter 126 and a second female portion 124b having a female cassette inner diameter 128. [ The female type cassette outer diameter 126 may be larger than the male type inner diameter 128. The female type cassette outer diameter 126 may be about 5 mm to 15 mm, more narrowly 10 mm to 15 mm, for example about 11 mm and about 11.1 mm. The female type cassette inner diameter 128 may be about 4 mm to 10 mm, more narrowly 5 mm to 7 mm, for example about 6 mm and about 6.1 mm.

The second male portion 118b may be sized to be inserted or coupled to the first female portion 124a. The male cassette and the female cassette can form a tight seal so that the particles can not escape before the operation of the device (1).

The cassette film 210 or film may be made of PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PEEK (polyetheretherketone), polycarbonate, or any combination thereof. For example, the cassette film may be 100% PET; 100% PEEK; 100% polycarbonate; 33.3% PET; 33.3% PEEK, and 33.3% polycarbonate; Or 50% PET or PEEK, and 50% polycarbonate. The cassette 200 may be heat sealed on one side or both sides with the cassette film 210. The cassette film 210 is formed to have a thickness of from about 10 microns to about 30 microns, more narrowly from about 15 microns to 24 microns, such as about 12 microns, about 15 microns, about 20 microns, and about 25 microns . The membrane 210 may be a barrier or seal to retain a drug formulation, powder, or particles within a reservoir of the cassette 200. When an energy source (for example, a compressed gas of 10-40 bar) is applied, the energy source may first rupture the upstream thin film 210, then rupture the downstream thin film 210, (E.g., nozzle length at that point, e.g., a nozzle length of the path or path) from the gas flow passageway to the particle (e.g., drug formulation) of the cassette 200, Into the skin surface).

The cassette film 210 may have a burst pressure of about 10 bar to about 40 bar. When the cassette film 210 ruptures, the compressed gas can pass through the cassette.

In the context of the present invention, the term "coupled" refers to a threaded, interlocked, twisted, heat sealed, sealed, welded, insertable size, clipped, But is not limited to, any other known coupling known to those skilled in the art, or any combination thereof.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The elements, apparatus, and methods of a system shown as having any variation are exemplary for a particular embodiment and may be used in combination or otherwise in other embodiments of the invention.

Claims (72)

An apparatus for delivering particles comprising:
A gas supply configured to supply gas under pressure;
A particle cassette comprising a particle, a cassette housing, and a cassette film, wherein the cassette housing comprises an ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer of 18% to 27% vinyl acetate (VA). The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the cassette housing has a center channel having an inner diameter of 5 mm to 7 mm. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the cassette housing has a center channel having an inner diameter of 5.8 mm to 6.5 mm. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the thin film comprises a polycarbonate. The method of claim 4,
Wherein the thin film has a thickness of 10 to 30 microns. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the cassette housing comprises an EVA copolymer of 18% to 20% VA. The method of claim 6,
Wherein the thin film comprises a polycarbonate. The method of claim 7,
Wherein the thin film has a thickness of 10 to 30 microns. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the cassette housing comprises an EVA copolymer of 18% VA. The method of claim 9,
Wherein the thin film comprises a polycarbonate. The method of claim 10,
Wherein the thin film has a thickness of 10 to 30 microns. An apparatus for delivering particles comprising:
A gas supply configured to supply gas under pressure;
A particle, a cassette housing, and a cassette film, wherein the film comprises a particle cassette comprising a polycarbonate. The method of claim 12,
Wherein the thin film has a thickness of 10 to 30 microns. The method of claim 12,
Wherein the thin film is 100% polycarbonate. A method for delivering particles comprising:
Storing particles in a cassette having a cassette housing and a cassette thin film;
Conveying a pressure gas to the outside of the cassette;
Rupturing the cassette with a pressure gas; And
And accelerating particles from the cassette with a pressure gas,
Wherein more than 40% of the particles are delivered by the pressure gas. 16. The method of claim 15,
Wherein more than 70% of the particles are delivered by said pressure gas. 16. The method of claim 15,
Wherein 40-85% of the particles are delivered by the pressure gas. 16. The method of claim 15,
Wherein 40-70% of the particles are delivered by the pressure gas. 16. The method of claim 15,
Wherein 60-85% of the particles are delivered by the pressure gas. 16. The method of claim 15,
Wherein the cassette housing comprises a copolymer of 18% to 28% EVA. 16. The method of claim 15,
Wherein the cassette housing comprises a copolymer of 18% EVA. 16. The method of claim 15,
Wherein the cassette film comprises a polycarbonate. 16. The method of claim 15,
Wherein the thin film has a thickness of 10 to 30 microns. An apparatus for delivering particles comprising:
A pressure gas vessel containing a pressure gas;
A trigger including a user interface and a gas container interface;
A detachable safety interlock configured to disrupt operation of the trigger;
A gas flow passage;
A particle container containing the particles; And
A forwarding port,
Wherein the particle vessel is located in the gas flow passage between the gas container and the delivery port. 27. The method of claim 24,
Further comprising a case, wherein the safety interlock is secured to the case. 26. The method of claim 25,
Wherein the case is movable relative to the user interface. 27. The method of claim 26,
Wherein the case is in a first position relative to the user interface, and wherein the safety interlock is configured to interfere with the operation of the trigger. 27. The method of claim 26,
Wherein the safety interlock is configured to interfere with operation of the user interface when the case is in the first position relative to the user interface. 29. The method of claim 28,
Wherein the safety interlock is engageably insertable within the user interface to prevent operation of the user interface when the case is in the first position relative to the user interface. 29. The method of claim 28,
Wherein the safety interlock is configured to allow operation of the user interface when the case is in the second position relative to the user interface. 27. The method of claim 24,
Wherein the user interface is movable relative to the safety interlock, the trigger having a first position for the safety interlock and a second position for the safety interlock. 27. The method of claim 24,
Wherein the safety interlock comprises a latch. 27. The method of claim 24,
Further comprising a case, wherein at least a portion of the safety interlock is removably attached to the case. 27. The method of claim 24,
Wherein the safety interlock is inside at least a portion of the user interface when the safety interlock is in the locked position. 27. The method of claim 24,
Wherein the user interface is configured to break the gas container interface away from the gas container when the user interface is activated. 27. The method of claim 24,
Wherein the user interface comprises a push button. 27. The method of claim 24,
Wherein the gas container interface comprises a cover removably attached to the gas container. 27. The method of claim 24,
Wherein the safety interlock comprises a triangular interference element. 27. The method of claim 24,
Wherein the particles comprise a therapeutic agent in powder form. 42. The method of claim 39,
Wherein the therapeutic agent comprises an anesthetic agent. An apparatus for delivering particles comprising:
A pressure gas vessel containing a pressure gas;
A trigger including a user interface and a gas container interface;
A case including a detachable safety interlock configured to disrupt operation of the trigger;
A gas flow passage;
A particle container containing the particles; And
And a delivery port. 42. The method of claim 41,
Wherein the particle vessel is located in the gas flow passage between the gas container and the delivery port. A method for delivering particles comprising:
Separating the safety interlock on a particle delivery device comprising a safety interlock, a trigger, a pressure gas, and particles;
Releasing the pressure gas;
Guiding the released gas towards the particles;
And accelerating the particles,
Wherein the step of accelerating the particles comprises a release gas that delivers an acceleration force on the particles. 46. The method of claim 43,
Wherein the trigger comprises a user interface and wherein separating the safety interlock comprises moving the disturbance element from a position that disturbs operation of the user interface to a position that does not disturb operation of the user interface. Way. 46. The method of claim 43,
Wherein the device further comprises a case, wherein the safety interlock is secured to the case, and moving the disturbing element from a position disturbing operation comprises moving the case relative to the user interface. . 46. The method of claim 45,
Wherein the obstruction element extends from the case in parallel with the longitudinal axis of the case. 46. The method of claim 43,
Wherein separating the safety interlock comprises breaking the obstruction element. 46. The method of claim 43,
Wherein the device comprises a case, the obstruction continuing to and extending from the case. 46. The method of claim 43,
Wherein the device comprises a case, the case is detachably attached to the obstruction element, and the step of separating the safety interlock comprises separating the obstruction element from the case. 46. The method of claim 43,
Wherein the apparatus further comprises a cassette comprising particles and a thin film. 46. The method of claim 43,
And discharging the accelerated particles from an outlet port of the apparatus. An apparatus for delivering particles comprising:
Pressure gas container;
A gas flow passage;
Particle cassette; And
A particle delivery device comprising a silencer. 53. The method of claim 52,
Wherein the silencer is radially outward of the gas flow passage. 54. The method of claim 53,
Wherein the silencer comprises a foam. 53. The method of claim 52,
Wherein the silencer is in a gas flow passage. 55. The method of claim 55,
Wherein the silencer comprises a foam. 53. The method of claim 52,
Wherein the pressure gas vessel comprises a compressed gas under a pressure of 25 to 60 bar. 53. The method of claim 52,
Further comprising a nozzle, wherein at least a length of the gas flow passage extends through the nozzle, and wherein the silencer is radially outward of the nozzle. 53. The method of claim 52,
Wherein at least the length of the nozzle expands radially with respect to the longitudinal axis of the device. 53. The method of claim 52,
Wherein the silencer comprises a foam. 61. The method of claim 60,
Wherein the foam comprises a porous polyurethane. 53. The method of claim 52,
Wherein the silencer comprises a coating on the radially inner surface of the gas flow passage. 63. The method of claim 62,
Wherein the coating comprises a polyurethane. 63. The method of claim 62,
Wherein the coating comprises a foam. An apparatus for delivering particles comprising:
cover;
A muffler inside the cover;
Pressure gas container;
A gas flow passage; And
And a particle configured to be delivered by pressure gas. 65. The method of claim 65,
Wherein the silencer is embedded in a cover. 65. The method of claim 65,
Wherein the silencer comprises a foam. 65. The method of claim 67,
Wherein the foam comprises a porous polyurethane. 65. The method of claim 65,
The cover surrounding the muffler. An apparatus for delivering particles comprising:
case;
Pressure gas container;
A gas flow passage;
Particle cassette; And
Including a silencer,
Wherein the silencer is double-injection molded inside the cover coating. 69. The method of claim 70,
Wherein the silencer comprises a foam. 72. The method of claim 71,
Wherein the foam comprises a porous polyurethane.

Images