KR20160132750A - Electrode structure of biosenor and biosnesor comprising that - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided are an electrode structure for a bio sensor which can directly detect a target material in an object to be examined, and a bio sensor having the same. The electrode structure for a bio sensor comprises: a motion electrode which can invade the object to be examined, and includes an enzyme for converting a first electric reaction corresponding to a first electric stimulus applied to the object to be examined into a second electric reaction; and first and second impedance electrodes which can be in contact with the object to be examined, receive the first and second electric reactions from the object to be examined, and are mutually separated and arranged.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to an electrode structure for a biosensor and a biosensor including the electrode structure,

The present disclosure relates to a biosensor. More particularly, the present invention relates to an electrochemical biosensor.

A biosensor is an analytical sensor that calculates the concentration or presence of a biological analyte. The biological analyte can be, for example, glucose, cholesterol, lactate, creatinine, protein, hydrogen peroxide, alcohol, amino acid, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) The electrochemical biosensor is performed by detecting the flow or presence of electrons generated in the electrochemical oxidation or reduction of an analyte.

When the biological analysis object of the biosensor is a substance contained in the subject, the subject to be analyzed can be collected through blood sampling or the like. However, the repeated sampling of the analyte causes pain to the subject, and since the analyte is collected, the state of the analyte may change and it may be difficult to accurately calculate.

One embodiment provides an electrode structure capable of directly detecting a target material inside a subject and a biosensor including the electrode structure.

An electrode structure for a biosensor according to one type of the present invention is an electrode structure for biosensor which is capable of being invaded into a body to be inspected and which is capable of generating a second electric reaction corresponding to a first electric stimulus applied to the subject, A working electrode including a first electrode; And first and second impedance electrodes which are contactable with the body to receive the first electrical reaction and the second electrical reaction from the body and are spaced apart from each other.

The working electrode may include at least one enzyme electrode having a needle shape having one end pointed to be infiltrated into the body of the subject and having an enzyme disposed in at least a part of the surface thereof.

In addition, the maximum width of the enzyme electrode may be within 40 μm to 60 μm.

The length of the enzyme electrode may be 70 mu m to 1400 mu m.

In addition, it may further include a protective layer covering the surface of the enzyme electrode and formed of a biodegradable material.

The working electrode may be disposed between the first and second impedance electrodes, and may be disposed between the first and second impedance electrodes.

In addition, the working electrode may have a plate shape and may further include a support electrode contacting the other end of the enzyme electrode.

The first and second impedance electrodes may be connected to the support electrode through an insulating material.

The other end of the enzyme electrode may be in contact with at least one of the first and second impedance electrodes.

At least one of the first and second impedance electrodes may have a plate shape having a width greater than the length.

The needle electrode may further include a needle electrode having one end pointed to be infiltrated into the inside of the body and the other end being in contact with at least one of the first and second impedance electrodes.

The first electrical stimulation may be provided to the subject through the first and second impedance electrodes.

Also, the first electrical stimulus may include an alternating voltage or an alternating current.

And, a second electrical stimulus for activating the enzyme through the working electrode may be provided.

Also, the second electrical stimulus may include a DC voltage or a DC current.

And a third impedance electrode which is in contact with the subject and is disposed apart from the second impedance electrode.

The gap between the first impedance electrode and the second impedance electrode may be different from the gap between the second impedance electrode and the third impedance electrode.

Meanwhile, the biosensor according to one embodiment includes a working electrode including an enzyme capable of being infiltrated into a body of a subject and reacting a target material; An impedance electrode part including a plurality of impedance electrodes which are in contact with the body and are spaced apart from each other; A first magnetic pole part for providing a first electrical magnetic pole to the subject through the impedance electrode part; A second magnetic pole portion for providing a second electrical magnetic pole for activating the enzyme through the working electrode; And a first detection unit for detecting an electrical reaction corresponding to at least one of the first electrical stimulus and the second electrical stimulus from the subject through the impedance electrode unit.

The impedance electrode unit may include first and second impedance electrodes that are spaced apart from each other and apply the electrical reaction to the first detection unit.

The first and second impedance electrodes may transmit the first electrical magnetic pole from the first magnetic-pole portion to the subject.

The impedance electrode unit may further include third and fourth impedance electrodes that are spaced apart from each other and transfer the first electrical magnetic pole from the first magnetic pole unit to the inspected object.

In addition, the first electrical stimulus may include at least one of an alternating current and an alternating voltage.

The apparatus may further include a calculating unit that calculates the bio-impedance of the subject using the first electrical stimulation and the electrical reaction.

The electrical response may include a first electrical response corresponding to the first electrical stimulus and a second electrical response corresponding to the first electrical stimulus and the second electrical stimulus.

The calculating unit may calculate the first bioimpedance using the first electrical stimulus and the first electrical reaction and calculate the second bioimpedance using the first electrical stimulation and the second electrical reaction have.

The controller may further include a controller for acquiring information on a target substance in the subject using at least one of the first bio-impedance and the second bio-impedance.

The controller may determine the presence or absence of the target material by using a change amount of the first bio-impedance and the second bio-impedance.

In addition, the controller may determine whether the target material is fluctuating by using a change with time of the change amount.

And, the enzyme may react the target substance in response to the second electrical stimulus.

In addition, the first electrical stimulus may include at least one of an AC voltage and an AC current.

The second electrical magnetic pole may include at least one of a direct current voltage and a direct current.

The apparatus may further include a second detector for detecting a third electrical response corresponding to the second electrical stimulus.

In another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a biosensor comprising a working electrode including an enzyme for reacting with a target material and a plurality of impedance electrodes which can be brought into contact with the subject and spaced apart from each other, The method includes providing a first electrical stimulus to the subject through the plurality of impedance electrodes; Detecting a first electrical response corresponding to the first electrical stimulus from the subject through the plurality of impedance electrodes, providing a second electrical stimulus to the enzyme through the working electrode; And detecting a second electrical reaction corresponding to the first electrical stimulus and the second electrical stimulus from the body through the plurality of impedance electrodes.

The providing of the second electrical stimulus may include reacting the target substance with the enzyme in response to the second electrical stimulus.

The method may further include calculating bio-impedance using at least two of the first electrical stimulus, the first electrical response, and the second electrical response.

The calculating of the bio-impedance may include calculating a first bio-impedance using the first electrical stimulus and the first electrical reaction; And calculating a second bio-impedance using the first electrical stimulus and the second electrical reaction.

In addition, the information about the target material can be determined using the variation amount of the first bio-impedance and the second bio-impedance.

The information on the target material may include at least one of the presence or absence of the target material in the test sample.

The method may further include detecting a third electrical response corresponding to the second electrical stimulus.

The first electrical magnetic pole may include at least one of an AC voltage and an AC current, and the second electrical magnetic pole may include at least one of a DC voltage and a DC current.

1 is a block diagram showing a biosensor for detecting a target material according to an embodiment.
2A is a plan view of an electrode structure applicable to FIG. 1 according to one embodiment.
2B is a cross-sectional view of the electrode structure of FIG. 2A.
FIG. 3 is a plan view of an electrode structure for a biosensor without a separate reference electrode according to an embodiment.
4 is a plan view of a pad type electrode structure for a biosensor according to an embodiment.
FIGS. 5A through 5D are views illustrating a method of binding an enzyme to a needle electrode according to an embodiment.
6A is a view illustrating a state where a first electrical stimulus is not applied to first and second impedance electrodes according to an embodiment.
6B is a view illustrating a state where a first electrical stimulus is applied to first and second impedance electrodes according to an embodiment.
6C is a diagram illustrating a state where a second electrical stimulus is applied to the working electrode according to an embodiment and a first electrical stimulus is applied to the first and second impedance electrodes.
7 is a view showing an electrode structure for a biosensor according to another embodiment.
8 is a view showing an enzyme electrode according to another embodiment.
9 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an electrode structure for a biosensor according to another embodiment.
10 to 13 are views showing a state where an enzyme electrode according to an embodiment is disposed on an impedance electrode.
FIG. 14 is a view showing a state in which needle electrodes according to another embodiment are arranged on an impedance electrode.
Fig. 15 is a view for explaining a method of receiving a plurality of electrical responses in different regions of a subject according to an embodiment. Fig.
16 is a view for explaining a method of providing a plurality of electric stimuli to different regions of a subject according to another embodiment.
17 is a view showing an electrode structure in which the intervals between the impedance electrodes are different according to an embodiment.
18 is a flowchart illustrating a method of providing electrical stimulation of a biosensor according to an embodiment and detecting an electrical reaction.
19 is a flowchart illustrating a method of acquiring information on a target material of a biosensor according to an embodiment.
20 is a flowchart for explaining a method of operating the biosensor according to another embodiment.
21A and 21B are reference views for explaining a method of removing a foreign matter adhering to the electrode structure for a biosensor according to an embodiment.
22 is a block diagram showing a biosensor including a current calculation function according to an embodiment.
23 is a diagram showing an example of a third electrical reaction with time.
24A and 24B are diagrams showing examples of the first and second electrical reactions with time.
25 is a plan view showing an electrode structure applied to the hybrid type biosensor of FIG.
26A is a plan view of an electrode structure applied to the hybrid type biosensor of FIG. 22 according to another embodiment.
26B is a cross-sectional view of the electrode structure of Fig. 26A.
27A is a plan view of an electrode structure applied to the hybrid type biosensor of FIG. 22 according to another embodiment.
27B is a cross-sectional view of the electrode structure of Fig. 27A.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood, however, that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, Is provided to fully inform the user. Also, for convenience of explanation, the components may be exaggerated or reduced in size. For example, the size and thickness of each component shown in the drawings are arbitrarily shown for convenience of explanation, and thus the present invention is not necessarily limited to those shown in the drawings.

The terms first, second, etc. may be used to describe various elements, but the elements should not be limited by terms. Terms are used only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another.

The terminology used in this application is used only to describe a specific embodiment and is not intended to limit the invention. The singular expressions include plural expressions unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In the present application, the terms "comprises", "having", and the like are used to specify that a feature, a number, a step, an operation, an element, a component, Should not be construed to preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, parts, or combinations thereof.

1 is a block diagram showing a biosensor 100 for detecting a target material according to an embodiment. 1, a biosensor 100 includes a working electrode unit 110 including an enzyme that can invade into a body 10 and change an electrical reaction corresponding to an electrical stimulus applied to the body 10, And an impedance electrode unit 120 capable of contacting the subject 10 and providing the electrical stimulation to the subject 10 and receiving the electrical reaction and the changed electrical reaction.

Hereinafter, the electric stimulus applied to the subject 10 through the impedance electrode unit 120 is referred to as a first electric stimulus, and the electric stimulus for operating the enzyme of the working electrode 111 is referred to as a second electric stimulus. The electrical reaction corresponding to the first electrical stimulus is referred to as a first electrical reaction, and the electrical reaction changed by the enzyme, the electrical reaction corresponding to the first electrical stimulus and the second electrical stimulus is referred to as a second electrical reaction. Hereinafter, simply an electrical reaction may include at least one of a first electrical reaction and a second electrical reaction.

The biosensor 100 includes a first magnetic pole part 132 for providing a first electrical magnetic pole to the subject 10 through the impedance electrode part 120, A second magnetic pole part 134 for providing a second electrical magnetic pole as a stimulus and a first detecting part 142 for detecting a first electrical reaction and a second electrical reaction from the subject 10 via the impedance electrode part 120 And a calculation unit 150 for calculating the bio-impedance of the subject 10 using the first electric stimulus, the first electric stimulus, and the second electric stimulus.

Here, the subject 10 is an object to which the bio-impedance is to be calculated, and an electrical reaction can be formed in the subject 10 in response to the electrical stimulation. The subject 10 may include a person or an animal, or a part of a person or an animal. The user may be an object to which the bio-impedance is to be calculated, that is, the subject 10, but may be a concept broader than the subject 10 as a person who can use the bio-sensor 100, such as a medical professional .

Wherein the first electrical stimulus is a voltage and the first and second electrical responses may be current. For example, the voltage may be an AC voltage and a combination of an AC voltage and a DC voltage. However, it is not limited thereto. The first electrical stimulus may be current, and the first and second electrical responses may be voltage. For example, the current may be an alternating current or a combination of an alternating current and a direct current.

The working electrode unit 110 may include at least one working electrode 111 that can be infiltrated into the body 10 and a reference electrode 112 that serves as a reference for the potential of the working electrode 111. The working electrode 111 may include one or more enzyme electrodes 210 (see FIG. 2) having a sharp-pointed needle shape so as to be infiltrated into the inside of the subject 10, and an enzyme disposed in at least a part of the surface thereof . The above-mentioned enzyme can change the electrical reaction corresponding to the electric stimulation inside the subject 10. The kind of the enzyme may be different depending on the kind of the target substance to be detected by the biosensor 100. The reaction of the enzyme and the target substance will be described later.

The impedance electrode unit 120 may include a plurality of impedance electrodes spaced apart from the skin of the subject 10. Impedance electrodes can be roughly classified into two types. For example, a composite electrode that is applied with a first electrical stimulus to the subject 10 through one impedance electrode and can receive an electrical response from the subject 10, And a single electrode that receives a first electrical stimulus from the subject 10 and receives an electrical response from the subject 10 through the other impedance electrode.

When the impedance electrode is a complex type, the impedance electrode unit 120 may include at least two impedance electrodes. For example, the impedance electrode unit 120 may include first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122 (see FIG. 2B) which are spaced apart from each other. A first electrical stimulus is applied to the test body 10 through the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122 and an electrical response is generated from the test body 10 through the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122 Lt; / RTI >

In the case of calculating the bioimpedance using the composite electrode, the configuration of the biosensor 100 can be simple because the number of the impedance electrodes is small. However, when calculating the bioimpedance, a contact impedance occurs due to the contact between the impedance electrode and the test object 10, and the bioimpedance may be affected according to the frequency of the first electrical stimulus. Thus, the calibration of bio-impedance may cause a lot of load

When the impedance electrode is a single type, the impedance electrode portion 120 may include at least four impedance electrodes. For example, the impedance electrode unit 120 may include first to fourth impedance electrodes 121, 122, 123, and 124 (see FIG. 7) spaced apart from each other. For example, a first electrical stimulus is applied to the subject 10 through the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122, and an electrical response is received through the third and fourth impedance electrodes 123 and 124 can do.

Since the single-type impedance electrode indirectly calculates the bioimpedance, the contact impedance between the impedance electrode and the test object 10 can be reduced. For example, if the input impedance of a voltage source that applies a voltage to the impedance electrode and the output impedance of an ammeter that detects the current of the impedance electrode are significantly larger than the contact impedance, the influence of the impedance and the contact impedance of the impedance electrode itself is minimized .

The impedance electrode may be a non-invasive electrode that contacts only the surface of the subject 10 and does not invade the inside of the subject 10. However, it is not limited thereto. The impedance electrode may be an invasive electrode that can be infiltrated into the inside of the body 10 to be inspected. For example, the non-invasive electrode may include a plate shape that is easy to contact the skin of the subject 10. In addition, the abdominal-type electrode may include a needle shape so that invasion into the inside of the subject 10 may be used.

The first magnetic-pole portion 132 may provide a first electrical stimulus to the subject 10 through the impedance electrode portion 120. The first electrical stimulus may be a voltage. For example, the voltage may be an AC voltage or a combination of an AC voltage and a DC voltage. However, it is not limited thereto. The first electrical stimulus may be current. For example, the current may be an alternating current or a combination of an alternating current and a direct current.

When the first magnetic-pole portion 132 provides an alternating-current voltage or alternating current as a first electrical stimulus, the operating frequency of the alternating-current voltage or alternating current may be a sweeping or a singular form. Particularly, as the operating frequency is higher, the deeper region of the skin of the subject can be sensed.

The operating frequency of the first electrical stimulus may vary depending on the target material. For example, the operating frequency of the first electrical stimulus may be, for example, from about 0 Hz to about 1 GHz. When the first electrical magnetic pole is a voltage, the first magnetic pole part 132 may be implemented as a voltage source, and when the first electrical magnetic pole is a current, the first magnetic pole part 132 may be implemented as a current source.

The second magnetic-pole portion 134 may provide a second electrical stimulus to the working electrode 111, which is an electrical stimulus for activating the enzyme. In order for the enzyme to react with the target substance, a certain electrical stimulation is required. The second electrical magnetic pole may be a DC voltage or a DC current. The second electrical stimulation may be different depending on the enzyme. For example, if the enzyme is glucose oxidase, the second electrical stimulus may be about 0.3 to about 0.7 V relative to the reference electrode 112. And, when the enzyme is lactate oxide, the second electrical stimulus may be about 0.6 V relative to the reference electrode 112.

The first detection unit 142 can detect an electrical reaction from the subject 10 through the impedance electrode unit 120. When the first electrical stimulus is a voltage, the first detection unit 142 may be an ammeter that detects a current, and when the first electrical stimulus is a current, the first detection unit 142 may be a voltmeter that detects a voltage .

The calculating unit 150 may calculate the bio-impedance of the subject 10 using the first electrical stimulus, the first electrical response, and the second electrical response. Since all the components of the subject 10 have inherent resistance and permittivity, the bio-impedance may vary depending on the components of the subject 10. Thus, the biosensor 100 can detect the presence or absence of a component of the test object 10, particularly, a target substance, fluctuation of the concentration of the target substance, a concentration value of the target substance, and the like using the impedance technique.

However, since the subject 10 includes various components, the calculated bio-impedance is a result of a combination of various components included in the subject 10. Thus, there may be difficulties in analyzing a specific component, i.e., a target material, contained in the test object 10 simply by bioimpedance.

Thus, the biosensor 100 according to an embodiment includes an enzyme electrode 210 (see FIG. 2B) capable of invading the body 10 and containing the enzyme, Can be chemically reacted to change the electrical reaction inside the subject (10). That is, the change in the electrical reaction can be attributed to the target material.

Specifically, the calculating unit 150 may calculate the first bio-impedance using the first electrical stimulus and the first electrical reaction, and may calculate the second bio-impedance using the first electrical stimulus and the second electrical reaction . For example, if the first electrical stimulus is a voltage and the first and second electrical responses are currents, the calculator 150 may calculate the bioimpedance as a real part of the combined consumption of the voltage versus current have.

The control unit 160 controls the overall operation of the bio-sensor 100 and can acquire information on the target material using the bio-impedance calculated by the calculating unit 150. For example, the control unit 160 controls the first magnetic-pole portion 132 so that the first electrical stimulus is provided to the subject 10, and the second magnetic-pole portion 134 is provided so that the second electrical stimulus is supplied to the enzyme Control. The control unit 160 controls the first detection unit 142 to detect the first electrical reaction while the enzyme is not activated and the first detection unit 142 to detect the second electrical reaction when the enzyme is activated, . In addition, the control unit 160 may control the calculation unit 150 so as to calculate the bio-impedance.

The control unit 160 may acquire information on the target material using the variation amounts of the first bio-impedance and the second bio-impedance calculated by the calculation unit 150. [ For example, when the amount of change of the first bio-impedance and the second bio-impedance is less than the reference value, the controller 160 may determine that the target material is not present in the inspected object 10. If the amount of change in the first bio-impedance and the second bio-impedance is equal to or greater than the reference value, the biosensor 100 can determine that the target substance is present.

In addition, the controller 160 may determine whether the target material is changed by using the change in the amount of change over time. For example, the control unit 160 can determine that the concentration of the target substance decreases in the subject 10 when the change in the amount of change decreases with time, and when the change in the amount of change increases with time, The concentration of the target substance in the sample can be determined to increase.

In addition, the controller 160 may also perform quantitative analysis of the target material. In the quantitative analysis, the controller 160 may refer to a look-up table in which a relationship between a change in bio-impedance and a target material concentration is defined. The look-up table may be stored in the biosensor 100 in advance. Or the control unit 160 may use a lookup table stored in an external device. In this case, the biosensor 100 may further include a communication unit (not shown) communicable with the outside.

Although the analysis of the target material may be performed by the biosensor 100 itself, the biosensor 100 may calculate only the bioimpedance and transmit the result to an external device (for example, a cellular phone) Of course. In such a case, the biosensor 100 may not include the controller 160. Instead, the biosensor 100 may include a communication unit (not shown) capable of communicating with an external device. It is needless to say that the calculating unit 150 that can calculate the bioimpedance may be included in the external device. The external device may operate as a master for controlling the biosensor 100 and the biosensor 100 may be a slave operated under the control of an external device.

Hereinafter, the electrode structure applied to the biosensor 100 will be described in detail.

2A is a plan view of an electrode structure applicable to FIG. 1 according to one embodiment, and FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of an electrode structure of FIG. 2A. Hereinafter, an electrode structure applied to a biosensor is referred to as an electrode structure for a biosensor.

2A and 2B, the electrode structure 200a for a biosensor is disposed between the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122 and the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122 spaced apart from each other, (Not shown). The first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122 may be disposed symmetrically with respect to the working electrode 111. Alternatively, the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122 may be symmetrical with respect to the working electrode 111.

The first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122 may be detachably attached to the surface of the skin of the subject 10. The first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122 may have a plate shape whose cross section is relatively larger than the length l. Thus, the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122 can be easily detached and attached to the surface of the skin of the subject 10. The cross-section of the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122 is shown as a square, but is not limited thereto. The first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122 may have various shapes such as a circular shape, an elliptical shape, and a polygonal shape.

The first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122 may be formed of a metal, a conductive metal oxide, or the like as a conductive material. For example, the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122 may be formed of a metal such as Ti, Pt, Ru, Au, Ag, Mo, Al, W, or Cu, an indium tin oxide (ITO), an aluminum zinc oxide , Indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO2), or a metal oxide such as In2O3 or AgCl.

Or the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122 may be formed by coating a conductive material on an arbitrary material. For example, the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122 may be coated with a conductive material in a polymer material.

Meanwhile, the biosensor 100 according to one embodiment may be used to detect a target material in the skin of the subject 10. [ Skin can be distinguished from the outside into epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous layer and the like. The epidermis is waterproof and acts as a barrier against infection. The epidermis is nourished by diffusion from the dermis. On the other hand, the dermis is a space for skin appendages and can buffer the body 10 from pressure and stress. The dermis may include interstitial fluid (ISF) and capillaries. The subcutaneous tissue has a large amount of fat tissue and stores nutrients. Thus, a target substance capable of judging a health condition can exist in a large amount in dermis and subcutaneous tissue.

Thus, the biosensor 100 according to one embodiment can be used to detect a target material contained in the skin, particularly, the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Since the dermis and the subcutaneous tissue are disposed at the lower side of the epidermis, the biosensor 100 according to one embodiment includes the working electrode 111 that can be infiltrated into the inside of the subject 10, for example, the dermis and the subcutaneous tissue can do. Of course, since the intercellular fluid and the target material exist in the epidermis, the biosensor 100 according to an embodiment can also detect the bio-impedance by invading the skin of the subject 10. [

The working electrode 111 may be disposed apart from the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122 and may be disposed between the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122. The working electrode 111 may include one or more enzyme electrodes 210, one end of which is sharp so as to be infiltrated into the inside of the subject 10, and the enzyme is disposed in at least a part of the surface. Since the working electrode 111 is invasive, it can be said to be an invasive type.

The length l of the enzyme electrode 210 may vary depending on the depth of the body 10 to be infiltrated. For example, the enzyme electrode 210 may penetrate the epidermis of the subject 10 to the dermis. In the case of the human body, since the dermis is hardly felt to the dermis, the enzyme electrode 210 can have a length 1 that can be invaded to the dermis. When the target substance is to be detected in the dermis, the length (1) of the enzyme electrode 210 may be about 70 mu m to 1400 mu m.

The depth range in which the dermis of the subject 10 is distributed may differ depending on the region of the subject 10. For example, the thickness of the epidermis in the abdomen of a human body is approximately 79.4 占 퐉 占 33.9 占 퐉, and the thickness of the dermis may be approximately 1248.4 占 퐉 占 262.5 占 퐉. Further, at the back of the human body, the thickness of the epidermis is about 83.5 mu m +/- 36.2 mu m, and the thickness of the dermis is about 1030.4 mu m +/- 327.8 mu m. Therefore, the enzyme electrode 210 can be invaded from the skin surface of the subject 10 to a depth of about 70 mu m to about 1300 mu m.

In the above description, it has been exemplarily described that the enzyme electrode 210 is invaded to the dermal region of the subject 10. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto. For example, the enzyme electrode 210 may be invaded to the epidermis only. In this case, the length l of the enzyme electrode 210 may be about 70 탆 or so. In addition, the enzyme electrode 210 can also be invaded into the subcutaneous tissue of the subject 10. In this case, the length l of the enzyme electrode 210 may be larger than 1400 占 퐉.

The maximum width w of the enzyme electrode 210 may be less than the length l. The maximum width w of the enzyme electrode 210 may be of a size that lessens pain when the enzyme electrode 210 is infiltrated into the interior of the body 10. For example, the maximum width w of the enzyme electrode 210 may be about several tens to several hundreds (about 500) 탆. Or the maximum width w of the enzyme electrode 210 may be about 40 탆 to 60 탆. However, the numerical values described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. The maximum width w of the enzyme electrode 210 may vary depending on the position of the target material to be detected, the type of the test object 10, and the like.

Specifically, the enzyme electrode 210 includes a needle electrode 310 having a needle shape having a length of 1 longer than the end face thereof and a reagent layer 310 having a reagent disposed on the surface of the needle electrode 310 320). The reagent layer 320 may contain an enzyme.

One end of the needle electrode 310 may be sharp. Thus, one end of the enzyme electrode 210 may be easily invaded into the inside of the subject 10. [ The needle electrode 310 may have a tapered shape, and one end may be sharp. For example, as shown in FIG. 2B, the needle electrode 310 may have a gradually narrower width from one end to the other end. However, it is not limited thereto. The width of a part of the area in the needle electrode 310 is uniform, but the width of the remaining area can be narrowed toward one end.

The needle electrode 310 may be provided with a second electrical stimulus for activating the enzyme from the second magnetic-pole portion 134. The second electrical stimulus may be a voltage or a current. For example, a DC voltage or a DC current. The size of the second electrical stimulus may vary depending on the type of enzyme.

The width and length of the needle electrode 310 are determined by the amount of enzyme, the area of the test object 10 to which the target material is to be calculated, The pain to be felt, and the like. For example, if the width of the needle electrode 310 is large, many enzymes can be disposed on the needle electrode 310, but when the needle electrode 310 is infiltrated into the body 10, . In addition, if the length of the needle electrode 310 is small, the enzyme may not be invaded at the position of the target material.

The cross section of the needle electrode 310 may be polygonal (e.g., triangular, square, etc.), circular or elliptical, but is not limited thereto. Generally, the size of the needle electrode 310 can determine the size of the enzyme electrode 210.

The needle electrode 310 may be formed of a material having high electrical conductivity. For example, the needle electrode 310 may be formed of a metal such as Ti, Pt, Ru, Au, Ag, Mo, Al, W, or Cu, have. The needle electrode 310 may have a conductivity greater than or equal to that of the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122 described above.

The reagent layer 320 may be disposed in at least a part of the area of the needle electrode 310. The reagent layer 320 may include an enzyme for reacting a target substance. A target substance may be distributed in the interior of the subject 10, for example, an interstitial fluid. When a certain second electrical stimulus is applied to the needle electrode 310, the enzyme in the reagent layer 320 can be activated. The second electrical stimulation may be provided by the voltage between the working electrode 111 and the reference electrode 112.

The activated enzyme can react with a target substance flowing in the intercellular fluid to generate a reaction product. The reactant can change the electrical reaction inside the body 10. For example, the reactant changes the electrolytic component of the intracellular fluid, and the change in the electrolytic component can change the current amount of the intracellular fluid, that is, the electrical reaction.

The altered electrical response may depend on the amount of target material. For example, the larger the target material, the greater the variation in electrical response. Thus, the biosensor 100 can acquire information on the target material with a variation amount of the bio-impedance.

The enzyme in the reagent layer 320 may vary depending on the kind of the target material. When the target substance is glucose, the enzyme may be at least one of glucose oxidase and glucose dehydrogenase. When the target substance is cholesterol, the enzyme may be cholesterol oxidase, cholesterol esterase, and the like. Meanwhile, the reagent layer 320 may further include a coenzyme. The coenzyme can help the enzyme react with the target material. The coenzyme may be, for example, FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) or NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).

The working electrode 111 may further include a support electrode 220 supporting one or more enzyme electrodes 210. The support electrode 220 may be detachably attached to the surface of the skin of the subject 10. The support electrode 220 may have a plate shape having a cross section that is relatively larger than a length. Thus, the support electrode 220 can be detached and attached to the skin surface of the test object 10. In the figure, the supporting electrode 220 has a rectangular cross section, but is not limited thereto. The support electrode 220 may have various shapes such as a circular shape, an elliptical shape, and a polygonal shape.

The support electrode 220 may be formed of a conductive material, or may be formed of a metal or a conductive metal oxide. For example, the supporting electrode 220 may be formed of a metal such as Ti, Pt, Ru, Au, Ag, Mo, Al, W, or Cu, indium tin oxide (ITO), aluminum zinc oxide (AZO), indium zinc oxide , SnO2 (Tin oxide), or In2O3. Or the support electrode 220 may be formed by coating a conductive material on any material. For example, the support electrode 220 may be coated with a conductive material on the polymer material.

The other end of the enzyme electrode 210 may be in contact with the surface of the support electrode 220 that is in contact with the skin surface of the test object 10. The enzyme electrode 210 may be disposed perpendicularly to the support electrode 220. However, it is not limited thereto. The enzyme electrode 210 may be disposed at an angle to the support electrode 220 at an angle.

One or more enzyme electrodes 210 may be disposed on one support electrode 220. When the plurality of enzyme electrodes 210 are disposed on the support electrode 220, the plurality of enzyme electrodes 210 may be arranged one-dimensionally or two-dimensionally.

In addition, the plurality of enzyme electrodes 210 may have the same size and shape. However, it is not limited thereto. At least two of the plurality of enzyme electrodes 210 may be different in size and shape. When the size and shape are different, the enzyme distributed in the enzyme electrode 210 can be arranged in a wider range in the subject 10. In addition, the plurality of enzyme electrodes 210 may be arranged at uniform intervals or at non-uniform intervals. The arrangement, size, and shape of the enzyme electrodes 210 may be variously implemented depending on the type of the target material, the state of the subject 10, and the like.

The support electrode 220 is not an essential component since it functions to support the enzyme electrode 210 and to provide the second electrical stimulus to the enzyme electrode 210. That is, the working electrode 111 may be composed of only the enzyme electrode 210, and the other electrode may serve as the supporting electrode 220.

Also, the reference electrode 112 may be spaced apart from the working electrode 111. The reference electrode 112 is also spaced apart from the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122. However, it is not limited thereto. Any one of the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122 may be the reference electrode 112.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of an electrode structure 200b for a biosensor without a separate reference electrode according to an embodiment. As shown in FIG. 3, the electrode structure 200b may not include the reference electrode 112. At least one of the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122 may serve as the reference electrode 112.

4 is a plan view of a pad type electrode structure 200c for a biosensor according to an embodiment. 4, the electrode structure 200c for the biosensor, that is, the impedance electrode unit 120 and the operation electrode unit 110 may be connected to each other by an insulating material 180. Referring to FIG. Thus, the electrodes included in the electrode structure 200c for a biosensor can be maintained at regular intervals. In addition, since the electrode structure 200c for a biosensor can be in the form of one pad, detachment and attachment to the subject 10 can be facilitated.

FIGS. 5A through 5D are views illustrating a method of coupling the enzyme 322 to the needle electrode 310 according to one embodiment. As shown in Figs. 5A to 5C, the enzyme 321 may be coupled to the needle electrode 310 by a resin 322. Fig. The resin 322 can be applied to the surface of the needle electrode 310. [ Then, as shown in FIG. 5A, the enzyme 321 can be adsorbed and bonded to the resin 322. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 5B, the enzyme 321 may be covalently bonded to the resin 322. When the enzyme 321 is covalently bonded to the resin 322, the bonding strength may be higher than the bond by adsorption.

Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 5C, some enzymes 321 may be covalently bound to the resin 322 and the remaining enzymes 321 may be covalently bound to other adjacent enzymes. As described above, more enzyme 321 can be disposed on the needle electrode 310 by crosslinking between the enzymes 321.

5D, a polymer 323 may be applied to the needle electrode 310, and an enzyme 321 may be encapsulated and coupled between the polymers 323. In this case, The binding of the enzyme 321 using the polymer 323 is advantageous in that it is easier to manufacture than the arrangement by the covalent bond.

Hereinafter, a method of calculating the bio-impedance using an enzyme will be described in detail.

6A is a diagram illustrating a state where a first electrical stimulus, for example, a voltage is not applied to the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122 according to the embodiment. Since the first electrical stimulation is not applied to the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122 as shown in FIG. 6A, the test object 10 between the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122 The first electrical reaction corresponding to the first electrical stimulus is not formed.

6B is a view illustrating a state where a first electrical stimulus is applied to the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122 according to the embodiment. Wherein the first electrical stimulus may be an alternating voltage. The operating frequency may be in the form of a sweep. However, it is not limited thereto. 6B, when a first electrical stimulus is applied to the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122, the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122 are connected to the biosensor 100, The subject 10 can form a closed circuit.

For example, when a voltage is applied to the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122, a current path is formed inside the subject 10 based on the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122 . The current path may vary depending on the state of the inspected object 10. Since the inspected object 10 is also an impedance, the value of the current flowing through the inspected object 10 may vary depending on the constituents of the inspected object 10, such as fat, moisture, and the like. The above-mentioned current path may correspond to the first electrical reaction (V1). In FIG. 6B, the first electrical stimulus is applied to the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122, but the second electrical stimulus is not applied to the working electrode 111. Enzyme is not active.

6C is a view illustrating a state where a second electrical stimulus is applied to the working electrode 111 according to an embodiment and a first electrical stimulus is applied to the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122. FIG. As shown in FIG. 6C, a voltage for activating a second electrical stimulus, for example, an enzyme, may be applied to the working electrode 111. The voltage may be a DC voltage. The magnitude of the voltage is referenced to the reference electrode 112. When the second electrical stimulus is applied to the working electrode 111, the enzyme can be activated to react with the target material to produce a reactant. The reactant can change the electrolytic component of the intercellular fluid, and the change of the electrolytic component can change the current of the intercellular fluid, that is, the first electrical reaction (V1) to the second electrical reaction (V2).

For example, the glucose oxidase may be disposed on the working electrode 111. A second electrical stimulus may be applied to the working electrode 111. Then, glucose oxidase is activated. The glucose oxidase can react with a target substance disposed adjacent to the working electrode 111, that is, glucose to produce a reactant. Specifically, the glucose oxidase can produce gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide (H ₂ O ₂ ) by reacting glucose with oxygen, as shown in Formula 1 below. And, hydrogen peroxide can break and generate electrons.

[Chemical Formula 1]

Or the working electrode 111 may be arranged with a lactate oxidase. A second electrical stimulus, e. G., A DC voltage of about 0.6 V, may be applied to the working electrode 111. [ The lactate oxidase can then become active. And, the lactate oxidase can react with a target material disposed adjacent to the working electrode 111, that is, lactate to generate a reactant. Specifically, the lactate oxidizing enzyme can produce pyruvate and hydrogen peroxide (H ₂ O ₂ ) by reacting lactate with oxygen, as shown in the following formula ( ₂ ). And, hydrogen peroxide can break and generate electrons.

(2)

On the other hand, since the first electrical stimulation is applied to the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122, a current path is formed in the body 10 between the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122 . The current path described above can be changed by electrons generated by the enzyme. That is, since the electrolyte component of the intracellular fluid is changed by electrons, the current value of the current path may be changed. For example, the second electrical reaction (V2) detected when the enzyme is activated may be greater than the first electrical reaction (V1) when the enzyme is not activated.

The amount of change in the first electrical reaction and the second electrical reaction may be caused by the target material distributed in the interior of the body 10, particularly, the skin of the body 10. May be proportional to the amount of the target material. Therefore, the presence or absence of the target material, the change of the target material, and the concentration of the target material can be determined from the amount of change of the first and second electrical reactions.

The first electrical stimulation is applied to the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122 while the second electrical stimulation is applied to the working electrode 111. [ However, it is not limited thereto. The first electrical stimulation may be applied to the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122 immediately after the second electrical stimulation is applied to the working electrode 111 for a while and then the application of the second electrical stimulation is stopped. As described above, it is possible to reduce the interference between the second electrical stimulus and the first electrical stimulus by alternately applying the second electrical stimulus and the first electrical stimulus.

7 is a view showing an electrode structure 200d for a biosensor according to another embodiment. As shown in FIG. 7, the electrode structure 200d for a biosensor may further include third and fourth impedance electrodes 123 and 124 spaced apart from each other. The first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122 and the working electrode 111 may be disposed between the third and fourth impedance electrodes 123 and 124. The third and fourth impedance electrodes 123 and 124 may be arranged symmetrically with respect to the working electrode 111 and may be symmetrical with respect to the working electrode 111.

The third and fourth impedance electrodes 123 and 124 may be the same size and shape as the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122. Specifically, the third and fourth impedance electrodes 123 and 124 can be detachably attached to the surface of the skin of the subject 10. The third and fourth impedance electrodes 123 and 124 may have a plate shape whose cross section is relatively larger than the length. Thus, the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122 can be detached and attached to the surface of the skin of the subject 10. The third and fourth impedance electrodes 123 and 124 may be formed of a conductive material or may be coated with a conductive material.

A first electrical stimulus may be applied to the subject 10 through the third and fourth impedance electrodes 123 and 124. [ Then, a current path can be formed in the body 10 between the third and fourth impedance electrodes 123 and 124. The first electrical reaction and the second electrical reaction can be detected through the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122. As described above, by separating the electrode for applying electrical stimulation and the electrode for detecting the electrical reaction, it is possible to reduce the contact resistance between the electrode and the test body 10, thereby reducing the noise.

The first electrical stimulus may be applied to the subject 10 through the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122 and may be applied to the body 10 through the third and fourth impedance electrodes 123 and 124, Can be applied to the sample (10). In order to facilitate the explanation, it is assumed that the impedance electrodes mentioned below are of the hybrid type. However, it goes without saying that the present invention is not limited thereto. That is, the electrode for applying the first electric stimulus and the electrode for receiving the electric reaction may be different, but the following description will be focused on the point of receiving the electric reaction.

8 is a view showing an enzyme electrode 210a according to another embodiment. If the enzyme of the enzyme electrode 210a is exposed to the outside, foreign substances may be bonded to the enzyme or the enzyme may be damaged by external stimulation. Thus, as shown in FIG. 8, the enzyme electrode 210a may further include a protective layer 330 covering the reagent layer 320. FIG. The protective layer 330 can protect the enzyme until it is invaded to the subject 10.

The protective layer 330 may be formed of a material that can be decomposed when the enzyme electrode 210 is infiltrated into the body 10. For example, the protective layer 330 may comprise a biodegradable polymer material that is degraded within the subject 10. The biodegradable polymer material may be selected from the group consisting of polylactic acid, poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid, poly (caprolactone), polyhydroxyalkanoates, poly (propylene fumarate), polydioxanone, polyglycolide, polyanhydrides, polyacetals, , and polyphosphazenes. However, the biodegradable polymer materials described above are merely illustrative, and the embodiments are not limited thereto. Therefore, when the enzyme electrode 210 is infiltrated into the subject 10, the biodegradable polymer material is decomposed in the intercellular fluid or blood, thereby allowing the enzyme to be exposed to the subject 10.

Alternatively, the protective layer 330 may include a permeable material that is permeable to water, a target material, or the like. For example, the protective layer 330 may include a material such as Nafion. The target material or water reacts with the enzyme electrode 210 through the protective layer 330 while the protective layer 330 prevents foreign substances larger than the target material from being adsorbed on the enzyme electrode 210, The inhibition of the detection sensitivity of the enzyme electrode 210 can be suppressed.

9 is a cross-sectional view showing an electrode structure 200e for a biosensor according to another embodiment. As shown in FIG. 9, at least one of the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122 may be further provided with one or more needle electrodes 310 which can be infiltrated into the body 10 of the subject. One end of the needle electrode 310 may be pointed and the other end may be in contact with the impedance electrode. Although the needle electrodes 310 are disposed on both the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122, the present invention is not limited thereto. The needle electrode 310 may be disposed on only one of the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122. Since the needle electrode 310 is disposed on the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122, the electrode for calculating the impedance can also be regarded as an invasive electrode.

The length and width of the needle electrode 310 may correspond to the length and width of the working electrode 111. Specifically, the length of the needle electrode 310 may vary depending on the depth of the needle 10 penetrated into the body 10. For example, the needle electrode 310 can be invaded to the dermis of the subject 10. In the case of the human body, since the dermis does not feel pain, the subject 10 may not be burdened even if the needle electrode 310 is infiltrated to the dermis. When the target material is to be detected in the dermis, the length of the needle electrode 310 may be about 70 mu m to 1400 mu m.

The width w of the needle electrode 310 may be of a size that lessens pain when the needle electrode 310 is infiltrated into the interior of the body 10 . For example, the maximum width of the needle electrode 310 may be about 40 탆 to 60 탆. However, the numerical values described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. The cross section of the needle electrode 310 may be polygonal (e.g., triangular, square, etc.), circular or elliptical, but is not limited thereto.

The needle electrode 310 may be formed of a material having high electrical conductivity. For example, the needle electrode 310 may be formed of a metal such as Ti, Pt, Ru, Au, Ag, Mo, Al, W, or Cu, . The needle electrode 310 may have a conductivity greater than or equal to that of the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122.

The electric field between the needle electrode 310 and the working electrode 111 can be more uniform than the electric field between the working electrode 111 and the impedance electrode without the needle electrode 310 because the needle electrode 310 is disposed on the impedance electrode. Due to the uniform electric field, more accurate bioimpedance calculation is possible. Further, since the current path is not formed on the surface of the skin of the subject 10, noise due to keratin and the like can be reduced.

10 to 13 are views showing a state in which the enzyme electrode 210 according to the embodiment is disposed on the impedance electrode. As shown in FIG. 10, the enzyme electrode 210 may be disposed on one of the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122. For example, the enzyme electrode 210 may be disposed on the first impedance electrode 121. That is, the first impedance electrode 121 serves as the support electrode 220. One end of the enzyme electrode 210 may be sharp and the other end may be in contact with the first impedance electrode 121. The first impedance electrode 121 also provides a second electrical stimulus to the enzyme electrode 210, so that the electrode structure of the biosensor 100 can be simplified. Hereinafter, when the enzyme electrode 210 is disposed on the impedance electrode, the enzyme electrode 210 and the impedance electrode are collectively referred to as a working electrode 111.

The second magnetic pole portion 134 (see FIG. 1) of the biosensor 100 may be connected to the first impedance electrode and the reference electrode 112 (see FIG. 1). Thus, the second magnetic pole portion 134 may provide a second electrical stimulus to the enzyme electrode 210 via the first impedance electrode 121. [ Also, the first magnetic-pole portion 132 may be connected to the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122. Thus, the first magnetic-pole portion 132 can provide the first electrical stimulus to the subject 10 through the first and second impedance poles 121 and 122.

Alternatively, the second impedance electrode 122 may be the reference electrode 112 . In such a case, the first magnetic-pole portion 132 and the second magnetic-pole portion 134 may be embodied as one magnetic-pole portion. For example, one stimulus portion may provide a first electrical stimulus to the subject 10 via the first and second impedances 121, 122, and may provide a second electrical stimulus to the enzyme electrode 210 . For example, the stimulating portion may provide the first and second electrical stimuli simultaneously with a combination of the direct voltage and the alternating voltage, and may provide the first electrical stimulus with the alternating voltage. In this case, the stimulation unit can be implemented as a voltage source. However, it is not limited thereto. The stimulating portion may provide the first and second electrical stimulation in the form of a current. In such a case, the stimulating portion may be implemented as an AC source.

Alternatively, one or more needle electrodes 310 may be further disposed on the second impedance electrode 122, as shown in FIG. One end of the needle electrode 310 may be sharp and the other end may contact the second impedance electrode. The length and width of the needle electrode 310 may correspond to the length and width of the enzyme electrode 210. The first and second magnetic pole portions 132 and 134 may be separately provided in the electrode structure 200g for a biosensor shown in FIG. 11, or may be implemented as one magnetic pole portion. Since the needle electrode 310 is disposed on the second impedance electrode, a more uniform electric field can be formed in the body 10.

Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 12, one or more enzyme electrodes 210 may be disposed on both the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122. The enzyme electrode 210 is disposed on both the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122 so that the number of the enzyme electrodes 210 can be integrated so that more target materials can be reacted.

Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 13, the needle electrode 310 and the enzyme electrode 210 may be disposed in combination in at least one of the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122. For example, the needle electrode 310 and the enzyme electrode 210 may be disposed in an intersecting manner. The needle electrode 310 and the enzyme electrode 210 may be arranged one-dimensionally or two-dimensionally. The needle electrode 310 and the enzyme electrode 210 may be arranged symmetrically with respect to the center axis of the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122 or may be arranged so as to cross each other.

14 is a view showing a state in which the needle electrode 310 according to another embodiment is arranged on the impedance electrode. As shown in FIG. 14, one or more needle electrodes 310 may be disposed on the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122. One end of the needle electrode 310 may be pointed and the other end may contact the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122. When a plurality of needle electrodes 310 are arranged on one impedance electrode, the needle electrodes 310 may be arranged one-dimensionally or two-dimensionally. The needle electrode 310 disposed on the first impedance electrode 121 and the needle electrode 310 disposed on the second impedance electrode 122 are arranged such that the center between the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122 Can be symmetrical with respect to each other.

As shown in FIG. 14, since the needle electrode 310 is infiltrated into the body 10, the calculated bio-impedance can be removed from the surface of the body 10 due to kinking or the like. Thus, the biosensor 100 can calculate the bio-impedance at a specific point (a specific point in the skin of the subject 10) of the subject 10.

Fig. 15 is a view for explaining a method of receiving a plurality of electrical responses in different regions of a subject according to an embodiment. Fig. As shown in FIG. 15, the electrode structure 200k for a biosensor may further include a fifth impedance electrode 125 spaced apart from the second impedance electrode 122. The gap between the second impedance electrode 122 and the fifth impedance electrode 125 may be the same as the gap between the first impedance electrode 121 and the second impedance electrode 122. The needle electrode 310 disposed on the fifth impedance electrode 125 may correspond to the length and width of the needle electrode 310 disposed on the second impedance electrode 122.

If the material composition of the first region 11 and the second region 12 of the subject 10 is similar, the bioimpedance of the first region 11 and the bio-impedance of the second region 12, The impedance can be almost the same. However, the bio-impedance can be changed by environmental changes such as water and heat.

The second impedance electrode 122 and the fifth impedance electrode 125 are used to detect the bio impedance due to environmental changes and the like. The first impedance electrode 121 and the second impedance electrode 122 can correct the bio-impedance detected.

In FIG. 15, the needle electrodes 310 are disposed on the second and fifth impedance electrodes 122 and 125, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The needle electrodes 310 may not be disposed on the second and fifth impedance electrodes 122 and 125. [

16 is a view for explaining a method of providing a plurality of electric stimuli to different regions of the subject 10 according to another embodiment. As shown in FIG. 16, the sixth impedance electrode 126 may be arranged symmetrically with the second impedance electrode 122 about the first impedance electrode 121. The gap between the first impedance electrode 121 and the sixth impedance electrode 126 may be the same as the gap between the first impedance electrode 121 and the second impedance electrode 122.

The bio-sensor 100 can determine the information about the target material more accurately by calculating the bio-impedance for a plurality of regions of the body 10. For example, the biosensor 100 can calculate the change amount of the bio-impedance (hereinafter, referred to as 'first change amount') using the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122. Also, the biosensor 100 can calculate the change amount of the bio-impedance (hereinafter, referred to as 'second change amount') using the first and sixth impedance electrodes 121 and 126. The noise can be reduced by determining the change amount of the final bio-impedance as an average of the first variation amount and the second variation amount. In the figure, the bioimpedance for the two regions is calculated, but the present invention is not limited thereto. It is also possible to calculate the bioimpedance for three or more regions.

FIG. 17 is a view showing an electrode structure 200m having different spacings between impedance electrodes according to an embodiment. As shown in FIG. 17, a plurality of impedance electrodes 121, 122, 127, and 128 capable of calculating bio-impedance in different regions may be spaced apart from each other in the electrode structure 200m for a biosensor. For example, the seventh impedance electrode 127 and the eighth impedance electrode 128 may be sequentially arranged in the direction from the working electrode 111 to the second impedance electrode 122. The distances d1, d2 and d3 between the impedance electrodes can gradually increase from the working electrode 111 to the eighth impedance electrode 128. [ The interval d2 between the second impedance electrode 122 and the seventh impedance electrode 127 is larger than the interval d1 between the first impedance electrode 121 and the second impedance electrode 122, The distance d3 between the impedance electrode 127 and the eighth impedance electrode 128 may be greater than the distance d2 between the second impedance electrode 122 and the seventh impedance electrode 127. [

The distances d1, d2 and d3 between the impedance electrodes are related to the depths l1, l2 and l3 of the inspected object 10 from which the bioimpedance is calculated. For example, the greater the distance between the impedance electrodes, the deeper the depth of the inspected object 10 from which the bio-impedance is calculated. By varying the distance between the impedance electrodes, the bioimpedance at different depths of the subject 10 can be calculated. This can be used to confirm the extent to which the target material has spread from the blood vessel to the skin.

The enzyme can be activated by operating the working electrode 111 in anticipation of the time when the target material spreads to the first region 11. Information on the target material can be determined by the change of the bio-impedance of the test object 10 with respect to the first region 11.

18 is a flowchart illustrating a method of providing electrical stimulation of a biosensor according to an embodiment and detecting an electrical reaction. Referring to FIG. 18, the first magnetic pole part 132 of the biosensor 100 may provide a first electrical stimulus to the subject 10 through the impedance electrode part 120 (S 1810). The first magnetic pole part 132 may provide a first electrical magnetic pole through the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122 and may be provided with the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122, 4 impedance electrodes 123, 124, respectively. At this time, the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122 may be disposed between the third and fourth impedance electrodes 123 and 124. And, the first electrical stimulus may include at least one of an alternating voltage and an alternating current. Thus, the first magnetic-pole portion 132 can be implemented as an AC source or a voltage source.

The first detection unit 142 may detect the first electrical reaction corresponding to the first electrical stimulus from the subject 10 through the impedance electrode unit 120 (S1820). The first detection unit 142 may detect the first electrical reaction through the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122. When the first magnetic pole part 132 supplies the first electric magnetic pole to the subject 10, a current path is formed in the inside of the subject 10. The first detecting part 142 detects the current path from the current path 1 < / RTI > electrical reaction, e.

Meanwhile, the second magnetic-pole portion 134 may provide a second electrical stimulus to the enzyme of the working electrode 111 (S1830). The enzyme can react the target substance, which is a specific substance in the subject 10, in response to the second electrical stimulation. The reaction of the target substance by the enzyme changes the electrolytic component of the test object 10, and the change of the electrolytic component can change the first electrical reaction to the second electrical reaction.

Then, the first detection unit 142 can detect a first electrical stimulus and a second electrical stimulus corresponding to the second electrical stimulus from the subject 10 (S 1840).

19 is a flowchart illustrating a method of acquiring information on a target material of the biosensor 100 according to an embodiment. Referring to FIG. 19, the calculation unit 150 of the biosensor 100 may calculate the first bio-impedance using the first electrical stimulus and the first electrical response (S1910). When the first electrical stimulus is a voltage and the first electrical reaction is a current, the calculation unit 150 may calculate the first bio-impedance by the complex consumption of the first electrical stimulus for the first electrical reaction. Alternatively, the calculating unit 150 may calculate the real component of the first electrical stimulus during the first electrical stimulation with the first bio-impedance. When only the real component is calculated with the first bioimpedance, the noise component of the subject 10 can be reduced. However, it is not limited thereto. In calculating the bioimpedance, both the real component and the imaginary component of the repetition of the first electrical stimulus for the first electrical reaction may be used.

In addition, the calculating unit 150 may calculate the second bio-impedance using the first electrical stimulus and the second electrical response (S1920). The second electrical response may be current. When the reactant by the enzyme reaction contains electrons, the second electrical reaction may be greater than the first electrical reaction. The calculating unit 150 may calculate the second bio-impedance with a real component of the first electrical stimulus for the second electrical reaction or the second component for the second electrical reaction. Thus, the second bioimpedance may be smaller than the first bioimpedance.

The controller 160 may acquire information about the target material using the first bio-impedance and the second bio-impedance (S1930). For example, the control unit 160 may determine that a target material exists if the change amount of the first bio-impedance and the second bio-impedance is equal to or greater than a reference value. The control unit 160 determines that the concentration of the target substance increases when the change amount increases with time, and determines that the concentration of the target substance decreases when the change amount decreases with time. In addition, it is possible to determine whether the needle electrode is well inserted into the subject by the change of the bio-impedance. 20 is a flowchart for explaining a method of operating the biosensor according to another embodiment. It is assumed that the needle electrodes 310 are disposed on the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122 in order to facilitate the following description.

Referring to FIG. 20, the first magnetic pole portion 132 of the biosensor 100 may provide a first electrical stimulus to the subject 10 through the impedance electrode portion 120 (S2010). The first magnetic pole part 132 may provide a first electrical magnetic pole through the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122 and may be provided with the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122, 4 impedance electrodes 123, 124, respectively. At this time, the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122 may be disposed between the third and fourth impedance electrodes 123 and 124. And, the first electrical stimulus may include at least one of an alternating voltage and an alternating current. Thus, the first magnetic-pole portion 132 can be implemented as an AC source or a voltage source.

The first detection unit 142 can detect the first electrical reaction corresponding to the first electrical stimulus from the subject 10 through the impedance electrode unit 120 (S2020). The first detection unit 142 may detect the first electrical reaction through the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122. When the first magnetic pole part 132 supplies the first electric magnetic pole to the subject 10, a current path is formed in the inside of the subject 10. The first detecting part 142 detects the current path from the current path 1 < / RTI > electrical reaction, e.

The calculating unit 150 of the biosensor 100 may calculate the first bio-impedance using the first electrical stimulus and the first electrical response (S2030). When the first electrical stimulus is a voltage and the first electrical reaction is a current, the calculation unit 150 may calculate the first bio-impedance by the complex consumption of the first electrical stimulus for the first electrical reaction. Alternatively, the calculating unit 150 may calculate the real component of the first electrical stimulus during the first electrical stimulation with the first bio-impedance. When only the real component is calculated with the first bioimpedance, the noise component of the subject 10 can be reduced. However, it is not limited thereto. In calculating the bioimpedance, both the real component and the imaginary component of the repetition of the first electrical stimulus for the first electrical reaction may be used.

The controller 160 may determine whether the first bio-impedance is less than a reference value (S2040). There is a difference between the first bio-impedance when the needle electrode is exposed to the air and the first bio-impedance when the needle electrode is inserted into the body. For example, when the needle electrode penetrates the skin, the first bioimpedance is sharply reduced. Thus, the controller 160 can determine whether the needle electrode is inserted into the body of the subject using the value of the first bio-impedance. For example, when the first bio-impedance is less than or equal to the reference value, the controller 160 determines that the needle electrode is inserted into the subject. Here, the reference value is a normal value when the needle electrode is inserted into the subject, and can be set by experiment or the like.

If the first bioimpedance is less than the reference value (S2040-Y), the controller 160 may control the second magnetic pole portion 134 to provide a second electrical stimulus to the enzyme of the working electrode 111 (S2050-Y) ).

However, if the first bio-impedance exceeds the reference value (S2040-N), the controller 160 may determine that the needle electrode 310 is not inserted into the subject (S2050). Thus, it is possible to provide an indicator indicating that the needle electrode 310 is not inserted into the subject. The indicator may be provided as sound, text, image, or the like. The user can confirm the indicator and manipulate the biosensor 100 so that the needle electrode is inserted into the subject.

21A and 21B are reference views for explaining a method of removing a foreign matter adhering to the electrode structure for a biosensor according to an embodiment. 21A, when the enzyme electrode 210 is maintained in the state of being infiltrated into the body 10, the foreign substance 40 may be attached to the enzyme electrode 210. The foreign substance 40 may be, for example, an immune substance or a protein. Since the foreign substance 40 may inhibit the enzyme from reacting with the target substance, it may be difficult to obtain information on the precise target substance.

The second magnetic pole portion 134 according to an embodiment may provide a third electrical magnetic pole to form a non-uniform electric field between the enzyme electrode 210 and the second impedance electrode 122. Here, the third electric stimulus means an electric stimulus for removing the foreign substance 40 attached to the enzyme electrode 210. For example, the second magnetic-pole portion 134 may provide a third electrical stimulus with an alternating voltage or alternating current. Then, a strong electric field can be formed in the pointed region of the enzyme electrode 210 by the lightning rod effect. The non-uniform electric field induces a dielectrophoresis force, and the foreign substance 40 can be separated from the enzyme electrode 210 by the above-described dielectric displacement force.

As described above, when a foreign substance is attached, it is possible to maintain the performance of the electrode structure for a biosensor by removing the foreign substance by the dielectrophoretic force instead of sensing and correcting it.

Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 21B, the needle electrode 310 may be disposed on the second impedance electrode 122, and the surface of the needle electrode 310 may have a decomposition layer 340 containing enzymes that react with foreign substances ) May be doped. The enzyme contained in the decomposition layer 340 may be an enzyme capable of decomposing a foreign substance or synthesizing it with a foreign substance to produce a substance useful for the body. For example, the degradation layer 340 may include a lipase enzyme capable of degrading fat. Thus, the fat transferred to the decomposition layer 340 by the electrophoretic force can be decomposed. Or the decomposition layer 340 may include catalase capable of removing active oxygen, glutathione peroxidase, or a carboxylase capable of degrading a protein, and the like. Thus, it is possible to remove foreign matter in the region 12 where the bio-impedance is measured by the dielectrophoretic force. The biosensor can perform a function of calculating the amperometric of the subject 10 in addition to the bioimpedance calculation. 22 is a block diagram showing a biosensor 600 including a current calculation function according to an embodiment. Hereinafter, the biosensor 600 capable of calculating the bioimpedance and calculating the current is referred to as a hybrid type biosensor. 22, the operation electrode unit 110 of the biosensor 600 includes a working electrode including an enzyme capable of invading the inside of the body 10 and reacting with a specific substance in the body 10, A reference electrode 112 as a reference for the working electrode 111 and a counter electrode 113 for measuring a current in the inspected body 10 .

The biosensor 600 includes a first magnetic pole portion 132 for providing a first electrical magnetic pole to the impedance electrode portion 120, a second magnetic pole portion 134 for providing a second electrical magnetic pole to the working electrode 111, A first detection unit 142 for detecting the first and second electrical reactions of the subject 10 through the electrode unit 120 and a second detection unit 142 for detecting a third electrical reaction corresponding to the second electrical stimulus from the counter electrode 113 The second detection unit 144, and the calculation unit 150 that calculates the bio-impedance using the first electrical stimulus, the first electrical response, and the second electrical response. The biosensor 100 may further include a controller 160 for acquiring information about the target material from the detected third electrical response and the calculated bio-impedance.

Wherein the first electrical stimulus may be an alternating voltage or an alternating current and the second electrical stimulus may be a direct current or a direct current. The first electrical reaction may be a current path formed in the subject 10 by the first electrical stimulation and the second electrical reaction may be a value in which the first electrical reaction is changed by the activity of the enzyme. In addition, the third electrical reaction may be a current path formed by the activity of the enzyme.

Detection of the third electrical reaction upon activation of the enzyme can be used to obtain information about the target material. For example, the second magnetic-pole portion 134 applies a second electrical reaction to the working electrode 111, and the second detection portion 144 can detect the third electrical reaction from the subject 10. The control unit 160 can determine that the target substance does not exist when the detected third electrical reaction is below the reference value. In addition, the control unit 160 may determine whether the target substance is increased or decreased by using the change of the third electrical reaction with time.

However, as described above, foreign substances or the like may be adsorbed on the working electrode 111, so that the enzyme may not react with the target material. Even in such a case, the detected third electrical reaction may be reduced, but the third electrical reaction may not be caused by the concentration change of the target material.

23 is a diagram showing an example of a third electrical reaction with time. As shown in Fig. 23, no third electrical reaction is detected during the time (t1, t3) during which the second electrical stimulus is not applied to the working electrode 111. [ Then, the third electrical reaction (I1, I2) can be detected during the time (t2, t4) during which the second electrical stimulus is applied to the working electrode 111. [ On the other hand, the third electrical reaction I2 during the fourth time period t4 may be smaller than the third electrical reaction I1 during the second time period t2.

Although the concentration of the target substance in the test object 10 may be lowered, foreign substances may be adsorbed on the working electrode 111 to prevent the enzyme from reacting with the target substance, and the enzyme itself may be damaged. The content rate of the substance inside the subject may be changed. Thus, the biosensor may be difficult to obtain information about the target material from the reduction of the third electrical reaction.

However, the hybrid type biosensor 600 according to an embodiment may calculate information about the target material more accurately by calculating the bio-impedance.

24A and 24B are diagrams showing examples of the first and second electrical reactions with time. As shown in Fig. 24A, the first bioimpedance Z0 may be the same during a period (t1, t3) during which the second electrical stimulus is not applied to the working electrode 111. [ Then, the second electrical stimulation increased the second bio-impedance during the time (t2, t4) during which the working electrode 111 was applied. For example, the second bioimpedance Z2 during the fourth time period t4 is greater than the second bioimpedance Z1 during the second time period t2. In this case, the biosensor 100 can determine that the target substance has been changed based on the increase of the second bio-impedance in the state where the enzyme is activated while the bio-impedance is the same while the enzyme is not activated.

Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 24B, the first bioimpedance Z02 calculated during the third time t3 when the second electrical stimulus is not applied to the working electrode 111 is the second bioelectrical impedance Z02, 111 larger than the first bio-impedance Z01 calculated during the first time t1. On the other hand, the second bioimpedance Z2 calculated during the fourth time t4 when the second electrical stimulus is applied to the working electrode 111 is the second time when the second electrical stimulus is applied to the working electrode 111 the second bioimpedance Z1 calculated at the time t2 is equal to the second bioimpedance Z1 calculated at the time t2. The variation (? 2) of the bio-impedance during the third time and the fourth time was larger than the variation (? 1) of the bio-impedance during the first time and the second time. Then, based on the change (? 1,? 2) of the bio-impedance, the biosensor determines that the internal environment of the test object is changed, foreign matter is adhered to the electrode, or the electrode is damaged, and the result that the second bio- It can be determined that the concentration of the target substance is also increased.

Of course, quantitative analysis of the target material may require data such as information on the electrode state, environmental information, and the like. Nevertheless, information acquisition of the target material using the bioimpedance may be more reflected in the electrode state and the environment change of the subject than the information acquisition of the target material using the current.

 However, when acquiring information on a target material by using bio-impedance, it is necessary to alternately provide the first electrical stimulus and the second electrical stimulus, and it may take more load than the current measurement because the impedance is calculated.

Accordingly, the hybrid type bio-impedance can determine information about a target material by using bio-impedance in a special case, such as determining information about a target material using a current and reducing a detected third electrical reaction.

In addition, the hybrid type biosensor 600 can determine information on a target material by combining information on the target material and information on the target material using bio-impedance using a current. For example, the hybrid type biosensor 600 may determine information on a target material using current and an average value of information on a target material using bio-impedance as information on a final target material.

25 is a plan view showing an electrode structure applied to the hybrid type biosensor 600 of FIG. 25, the electrode structure applied to the hybrid-type biosensor 600 includes first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122 spaced apart from the working electrode 111, and the working electrode 111 The reference electrode 112 and the counter electrode 113 may be spaced apart from each other. The first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122 and the counter electrode and the reference electrode 112 may be disposed apart from the working electrode 111 to surround the working electrode 111. In this case, the first working electrode 111, the counter electrode 113, the second working electrode 111, and the reference electrode 112 may be arranged in the clockwise or counterclockwise direction.

A cross section taken along the line A-A in Fig. 25 is as shown in Fig. 2B, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted. The working electrode 111 includes at least one enzyme electrode 210. When there are a plurality of enzyme electrodes 210, the enzyme electrodes 210 may be arranged one-dimensionally or two-dimensionally. At least one of the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122 may or may not include one or more needle electrodes 310. The first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122 may be disposed symmetrically with respect to the working electrode 111.

The reference electrode 112 and the counter electrode 113 may be spaced apart with the working electrode 111 interposed therebetween. The width of the reference electrode 112 may be the same as or different from that of the working electrode 111. [ Since the counter electrode 113 detects the current, the cross-section of the counter electrode 113 may be larger than that of the working electrode 111. For example, the counter electrode 113 may correspond to at least some of the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122 while being disposed in correspondence with the working electrode 111.

Although not shown in the drawing, one or more needle electrodes 310 may be further disposed on at least one of the reference electrode 112, the counter electrode 113, and the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122. The size of the needle electrode 310 may correspond to the size of the enzyme electrode 210 of the working electrode 111. The needle electrodes 310 may be symmetrical with respect to the working electrode 111. For example, the needle electrode 310 may be disposed on the first and second impedance electrodes 121 and 122, or the needle electrode 310 may be disposed on the reference electrode 112 and the counter electrode 113.

Although reference electrode 112 is shown in Fig. 25, it is not limited thereto. Either the first impedance electrode 121 or the second impedance electrode 122 may be the reference electrode 112. In this case, a separate reference electrode 112 may not be provided.

FIG. 26A is a plan view of an electrode structure applied to the hybrid-type biosensor 600 of FIG. 22 according to another embodiment, and FIG. 26B is a cross-sectional view of the electrode structure of FIG. 26A. As shown in FIGS. 26A and 26B, the enzyme electrode 210 may be disposed on the second impedance electrode 122. Thus, the second impedance electrode 122 and the enzyme electrode 210 can be the working electrode 111. As described above, since the enzyme electrode 210 is disposed on the second impedance electrode 122, the electrode structure can be simplified.

The counter electrode 113 may be disposed apart from the working electrode 111. The counter electrode 113 may be disposed so as to correspond not only to the working electrode 111 but also to at least a partial area of the first impedance electrode 121 and the reference electrode 112. Thus, by enlarging the cross-sectional size of the counter electrode 113, the detection strength can be increased. When the first impedance electrode 121 is the reference electrode 112, the reference electrode 112 may not be separately provided.

FIG. 27A is a plan view of an electrode structure applied to the hybrid-type biosensor 600 of FIG. 22 according to another embodiment, and FIG. 27B is a cross-sectional view of the electrode structure of FIG. 27A.

As shown in FIGS. 27A and 27B, the enzyme electrode 210 may be disposed on the second impedance electrode 122. Thus, the second impedance electrode 122 and the enzyme electrode 210 can be the first working electrode 111a. Thus, the hybrid type biosensor 600 can calculate the bioimpedance using the first impedance electrode 121 and the first working electrode 111a.

The hybrid type biosensor 600 may further include a second working electrode 111b and a counter electrode 113. The second working electrode 111b includes a supporting electrode 220 and an enzyme electrode 210. [ The first working electrode 111a may be used to calculate the bio-impedance while the second working electrode 111b may be used to calculate the current. And the second working electrode 111b may be surrounded by the counter electrode 113. [ The reference electrode may be separately provided, but the counter electrode 113 may be the reference electrode.

As described above, since the working electrode unit 110 is separated into the first and second working electrodes 111a and 111b, it is possible to reduce signal interference that may occur by sharing the working electrode.

The hybrid type biosensor 600 may further include an impedance electrode (for example, a third impedance to an eighth impedance or the like) for calculating the bioimpedance of another region as shown in FIGS. 15 to 17 . The spacing between the impedance electrodes may vary depending on the area and depth of the bio-impedance to be calculated.

Although enzymes are used to measure bio-impedance up to now, it is not limited thereto. Antibodies can be used in addition to enzymes. Antibodies may also differ depending on the type of target material to be detected.

Many embodiments other than the above-described embodiments are within the scope of the claims of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The present invention is capable of various modifications and various embodiments, and specific embodiments are illustrated in the drawings and described in detail in the detailed description. It is to be understood, however, that the invention is not to be limited to the specific embodiments, but includes all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.

100, 600: Biosensor
110: working electrode part 111: working electrode
112: Reference electrode 120: Impedance electrode part
121: First Impedance Electrode 122: Second Impedance Electrode
132: first magnetic pole part 134: second magnetic pole part
142: first detection unit 144: second detection unit
150: Calculator 160:
210: Enzyme electrode 220: Support electrode
310: Needle electrode 320: Reagent layer

Claims (40)

A working electrode including an enzyme capable of being invaded into a subject and converting a first electrical reaction corresponding to a first electrical stimulus applied to the subject into a second electrical reaction in the subject; And
And first and second impedance electrodes capable of contacting the subject and receiving the first electrical reaction and the second electrical reaction from the subject and spaced apart from each other. The method according to claim 1,
The working electrode
And at least one enzyme electrode having a sharp-pointed tip so as to be infiltrated into the body of the subject and having an enzyme disposed in at least a part of the surface thereof. 3. The method of claim 2,
Wherein the maximum width of the enzyme electrode is within the range of 40 탆 to 60 탆. 3. The method of claim 2,
Wherein the enzyme electrode has a length of 70 mu m to 1400 mu m. 3. The method of claim 2,
And a protective layer covering the surface of the enzyme electrode and containing a biodegradable material. 3. The method of claim 2,
Wherein the working electrode is disposed between the first and second impedance electrodes and is disposed between the first and second impedance electrodes. 3. The method of claim 2,
The working electrode
And a support electrode contacting the other end of the enzyme electrode. 8. The method of claim 7,
Wherein the first and second impedance electrodes are connected to the supporting electrode through an insulating material. 3. The method of claim 2,
And the other end of the enzyme electrode contacts at least one of the first and second impedance electrodes. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein at least one of the first and second impedance electrodes comprises:
The electrode structure for a biosensor having a plate shape having a width larger than the length. The method according to claim 1,
And a needle electrode having a needle-like shape having one end pointed at a tip so as to penetrate into the inside of the subject and the other end being in contact with at least one of the first and second impedance electrodes. The method according to claim 1,
And the first electrical stimulus is provided to the subject through the first and second impedance electrodes. 13. The method of claim 12,
The first electrical stimulus
An electrode structure for a biosensor comprising an AC voltage or an AC current. The method according to claim 1,
And a second electrical stimulus for activating the enzyme is provided through the working electrode. 15. The method of claim 14,
The second electrical stimulus
A direct current voltage or a direct current. The method according to claim 1,
And a third impedance electrode which is in contact with the subject and is spaced apart from the second impedance electrode. 17. The method of claim 16,
Wherein an interval between the first impedance electrode and the second impedance electrode is different from an interval between the second impedance electrode and the third impedance electrode. A working electrode including an enzyme capable of reacting with a target material and capable of being infiltrated into the body;
An impedance electrode part including a plurality of impedance electrodes which are in contact with the body and are spaced apart from each other; And
A first magnetic pole part for providing a first electrical magnetic pole to the subject through the impedance electrode part;
A second magnetic pole portion for providing a second electrical magnetic pole for activating the enzyme through the working electrode; And
And a first detection unit for detecting an electrical reaction corresponding to at least one of the first electrical stimulus and the second electrical stimulus from the subject through the impedance electrode unit. 19. The method of claim 18,
The impedance electrode unit includes:
And first and second impedance electrodes which are spaced apart from each other and apply the electrical reaction to the first detection unit. 20. The method of claim 19,
The first and second impedance electrodes are connected to each other,
And transmits the first electrical stimulus from the first magnetic-pole portion to the subject. 20. The method of claim 19,
The impedance electrode unit includes:
And third and fourth impedance electrodes which are spaced apart from each other and transfer the first electrical magnetic pole from the first magnetic pole part to the subject. 19. The method of claim 18,
Wherein the first electrical stimulation comprises:
And at least one of an AC current and an AC voltage. 19. The method of claim 18,
Wherein the second electrical stimulation comprises:
Wherein the biosensor includes at least one of a DC current and a DC voltage. 19. The method of claim 18,
And a calculation unit for calculating the bio-impedance of the subject using the first electrical stimulus and the electrical reaction. 25. The method of claim 24,
The electrical reaction
A first electrical response corresponding to the first electrical stimulus
And a second electrical reaction corresponding to the first electrical stimulus and the second electrical stimulus. 26. The method of claim 25,
The calculating unit calculates,
Calculating a first bio-impedance using the first electrical stimulus and the first electrical reaction,
And a second bio-impedance is calculated using the first electrical stimulus and the second electrical reaction. 27. The method of claim 26,
And a controller for acquiring information on a target substance in the subject using at least one of the first bio-impedance and the second bio-impedance. 28. The method of claim 27,
Wherein,
Wherein the presence or absence of the target substance is determined by using a change amount of the first bio-impedance and the second bio-impedance. 28. The method of claim 27,
The control unit
Wherein the change of the target substance is determined using a change with time of the change amount. 19. The method of claim 18,
Preferably,
And reacts the target substance in response to the second electrical stimulus. 19. The method of claim 18,
And a second detection unit for detecting a third electrical reaction corresponding to the second electrical stimulation. A method of operating a biosensor comprising a working electrode including an enzyme for reacting with a target material and a plurality of impedance electrodes which are contactable with the subject and are spaced apart from each other,
Providing a first electrical stimulus to the subject through the plurality of impedance electrodes;
Detecting a first electrical reaction corresponding to the first electrical stimulus from the subject through the plurality of impedance electrodes;
Providing a second electrical stimulus to the enzyme through the working electrode; And
And detecting a second electrical reaction corresponding to the first electrical stimulus and the second electrical stimulus from the subject through the plurality of impedance electrodes. 33. The method of claim 32,
Wherein providing the second electrical stimulus comprises:
And reacting the target substance with the enzyme in response to the second electrical stimulus. 33. The method of claim 32,
And calculating bio-impedance using at least two of the first electrical stimulus, the first electrical response, and the second electrical response. 35. The method of claim 34,
The step of calculating the bio-
Calculating a first bio-impedance using the first electrical stimulus and the first electrical reaction; And
And calculating a second bio-impedance using the first electrical stimulus and the second electrical reaction. 36. The method of claim 35,
And determining information on the target material by using a change amount of the first bio-impedance and the second bio-impedance. 37. The method of claim 36,
The information on the target material may include,
The presence or absence of the target substance in the subject, and the variability of the target substance in the subject. 33. The method of claim 32,
And detecting a third electrical response corresponding to the second electrical stimulus. 33. The method of claim 32,
Wherein the first electrical stimulus comprises at least one of an alternating voltage and an alternating current. 33. The method of claim 32,
Wherein the second electrical stimulus comprises at least one of a direct current voltage and a direct current.

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