KR20160113513A - Method for Hierarchical Schema Representation for Road Primary Structures including Tunnel - Google Patents

Abstract

A hierarchical schema representation method for a three-dimensional information model of a road main structure including a tunnel is disclosed.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a data structure in which a schema for defining a standard information model for a tunnel is expressed is provided. (B) a hierarchical structure defined in IFC4 or ISO 16739; (c) a plurality of entity entities (Entity) representing the shape of the elements constituting the tunnel, ) And a type entity of each shape entity, each type entity having an enumeration data type enumerating a plurality of detail types, (d) the plurality of type entities, The shape entity and the plurality of type entities are located under a plurality of hierarchical conceptual entities.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a hierarchical schema representation method for a three-dimensional information model of a road main structure including a tunnel,

The present invention relates to BIM (Building Information Modeling) technology for civil engineering facilities.

The contents described in this section merely provide background information on the present embodiment and do not constitute the prior art.

IFC4 was officially released as ISO 16739 in March 2013. This standard specifically defines the shape of a building, member, and parts and includes a set of related properties in detail. IFC4 has a considerable degree of interoperability of 3D architectural models. As a result, the BIM standard for architectural shapes is almost completed in IFC4. Recently, buildingSMART International (bSI) developed and applied new bim operation environment by developing bSDD (buildingSMART Data Dictionaries), BCF (BIM Collaboration Format) and COBie (construction operation building information exchange) I am trying to do it. However, in the case of civil engineering facilities such as bridges, tunnels, roads, etc., the InfraRoom Initiative was established under bSI to recognize and respond to the need for the development of new BIM standards by 2012,

In the past, some form standards for bridges or parts of roads have been proposed. LandXML in the United States, Inframodel3 in Finland, OKSTRA (Objektkatalog fur das Straßen-und Verkehrswesen) in Germany, and Japan Highway Data Model (JHDM) in Japan are used as typical road sector standards. These national road information model standards differ in shape definition and geometric element representation according to design method and related standard. Especially, it focuses on the definition of geometry related to the road shape, but does not constitute the related property, and has limitations in linking the information reflecting the shape characteristics and applying it to the practice. In addition, reference models defined by each country are not universal, and Autodesk, Bentley, and Allplan, which provide BIM authoring tools, can not accept the standards.

Accordingly, there is a need for defining and configuring the shape standard for civil engineering facilities at an internationally compatible level.

The present invention has a main purpose of providing a hierarchical schema expression method for a three-dimensional information model of a road main structure including a tunnel.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a data structure in which a schema for defining a standard information model for a road main structure including a tunnel is expressed, the schema being defined by (a) Express language, (C) a plurality of shape entities representing the shape of the elements constituting the tunnel, and a plurality of types representing the type of each shape entity according to the hierarchical structure defined in IFC4 or ISO 16739, Wherein each type entity has an enumeration data type that enumerates a plurality of detail types, and (d) the plurality of shape entities and the plurality of type entities comprise a plurality of hierarchical structures And provides a data structure in which a schema is defined to define a standard information model for a road main structure including a tunnel, which is located under the conceptual entity of FIG.

According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of generating an IFC model that is a BIM neutral format for a road major structure including a tunnel using one or more computing devices, The process of building a BIM model for Designating entities and types included in a schema defined in advance for each member constituting the manufactured BIM model; The BIM model is transformed into an IFC model represented by a STEP language, and an entity of the schema is mapped to each member based on a relation defined for each member, and an instance of the schema is represented in order to represent an instance inherited according to the schema. The process of structuring in STEP (Standard for Exchange Model Data) language using resources; And storing the result structured in the STEP language as an IFC file. The present invention provides a method for generating an IFC model for a road main structure including a tunnel.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of visualizing an IFC model that is a BIM neutral format for a road major structure including a tunnel using one or more computing devices, the method comprising: loading an IFC file stored according to an IFC schema structure ; Analyzing a hierarchical structure of a spatial element and a physical element of an IFC model by using an IFC schema parser (Parser) as a loaded IFC file; Analyzing shape configuration information on the space and an element of an IFC entity unit representing the member; Analyzing information representing an object property; Storing the analyzed information in a relational DB table; And displaying the property information of each object on the basis of the stored information, and displaying the property information of each object. The present invention provides a method of visualizing an IFC model for a road main structure including a tunnel.

Embodiments of the methods may further include one or more of the following features.

In some embodiments, the schema comprises: IfcCivilStructureElement_K, which is a conceptual entity representing a facility defined in a civil engineering unit as a sub-entity of the IfcCivilElement which is a conceptual entity defined in IFC4 or ISO 16739, and a subcontent of the IfcCivilStructureElement_K Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > Element < / RTI > The plurality of shape entities are composed of child entities of IfcTunnelElement_K.

In some embodiments, the IfcTunnelElement_K inherits the common properties possessed by the subentities and refers to a functional linkage element defined by IfcBuildingElement, a conceptual entity defined in IFC4 or ISO 16739.

In some embodiments, the plurality of feature entities include entities representing civil part partial tunnel lining and entities representing civil part tunnel lining segments.

In some embodiments, the enumeration type includes a user-defined type, an undefined type, and one or more predefined types.

In some embodiments, the sub-entities of the IfcCivilStructureElement_K include entities that represent shapes of culverts, retaining walls, and caissons that are commonly used by other civil works.

In some embodiments, the schema further comprises a plurality of spatial entities representing a linear spatial hierarchy of the bridges; The plurality of shape entities being associated with corresponding spatial entities; Wherein the plurality of spatial entities includes a terrestrial space entity defining a terrain space included in a section in which a civil engineering facility is designed, at least one structure space entity defining a linear structure space included in the terrain region, Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > a < / RTI > spatial space.

In some embodiments, the plurality of spatial entities have a spatial hierarchy in which the one or more reference spatial entities are associated with the one or more structure spatial entities, and the one or more structure spatial entities are associated with the geospatial entity. The structure space entity may include an entity that defines a tunnel space.

In some embodiments, the plurality of spatial entities form a reference relationship to the upper spatial entity by the lower spatial entity according to the spatial hierarchy, by a connected entity (IfcRelAggregates) defined in IFC4.

In some embodiments, the plurality of shape entities are connected to corresponding spatial entities by an entity (IfcRelContainedInSpatialStructure) that defines the containment relationship for the spatial structure of the Elements.

The present invention provides a method for representing an IFC-based standard information model for a tunnel and a method for creating or visualizing an IFC model based on the IFC-based standard information model.

FIG. 1 is an EXPRESS-G diagram showing an extension target entity for supporting civil engineering facilities such as a tunnel proposed by the present invention in the IFC4 standard.
2 is a diagram for explaining a physical or logical relationship between entities defined in an extension structure of the IFC4 standard proposed by the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an Express-G model that defines hierarchies and relationships of entities added for a tunnel to an IFC4-based hierarchy according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an Express-G model that defines hierarchies and relationships of entities added for a main structure of a road in an IFC4-based hierarchy according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a mapping of an exemplary tunnel element and a schema proposed in the present invention.
6 is an Express-G diagram illustrating new entities and their hierarchical relationships for representing civil engineering subject spatial elements, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
7 is a diagram showing an exemplary structure of an IFC data file.
8 is a flowchart illustrating a method of generating a standard information model of a tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
9 is a flowchart illustrating a method for visualizing a standard information model of a tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, some embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to exemplary drawings. It should be noted that, in adding reference numerals to the constituent elements of the drawings, the same constituent elements are denoted by the same reference numerals whenever possible, even if they are shown in different drawings. In the following description of the present invention, a detailed description of known functions and configurations incorporated herein will be omitted when it may make the subject matter of the present invention rather unclear.

In describing the components of the present invention, terms such as first, second, A, B, (a), and (b) may be used. These terms are intended to distinguish the constituent elements from other constituent elements, and the terms do not limit the nature, order or order of the constituent elements. Throughout the specification, when an element is referred to as being "comprising" or "comprising", it means that it can include other elements as well, without excluding other elements unless specifically stated otherwise . In addition, '... Quot ;, " module ", and " module " refer to a unit for processing at least one function or operation, which may be implemented by hardware or software or a combination of hardware and software.

The terms or abbreviations used in the specification are used in the BIM (Building Information Modeling) technology field and in the buildingSMART International (bSI) Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) standard or the ISO (International Organization for Standardization) ISO 16739 Should be interpreted to comply with the BIM technology standard of Throughout the specification, the IFC4 standard and the ISO 16739 standard of bSI are incorporated by reference. The '_K' used as a suffix in the name of each entity described in the specification should be understood as an identifier which is not defined in the IFC4 standard and the ISO 16739 standard and which is an entity newly added by the present invention. In addition, the name of the newly added entity is the Camel Casing Notation, which is the same as the naming convention of the IFC4 standard.

One. IFC4  Extending Schema

FIG. 1 is an EXPRESS-G diagram showing an extension target entity for supporting civil engineering facilities such as a tunnel proposed by the present invention in the IFC4 standard. In the EXPRESS-G diagram of FIG. 1, only a portion of the IFC model structure is shown, and other details are omitted for simplicity.

IFC4 defines 'IfcCivilElementType' as an entity that defines the detailed type (type) of the civil element related to 'IfcCivilElement', which is an entity that defines the civil structure and its detail elements, . In other words, IFC4 has a foundation to accommodate the expansion and development of shape information of civil works facilities.

Geometry expressing individual shapes inherits and shares various geometric representation methods defined in IFC4, so that it is easy to express the three-dimensional shape of most civil engineering facilities. However, for the parametric design, it is necessary to define the detail specification that commonly constructs the shape of each object in the civil engineering structure and to extend the geometry schema accordingly.

The object representation on the IFC schema is defined by the hierarchy and relationship expression between the entity that defines the object shape and the attributes and data types that represent information about the entity. An entity corresponds to a 1: 1 relationship between an element entity directly designating an element and a type entity representing a detailed type of the element entity. The attribute of a type entity can be selected from a predefined type, and the data type is represented by an enumeration data type. The configuration for the 3D object shape is represented by an IfcRelationship sub-element that defines the group and hierarchical relationship on the IFC, and an IfcProductRepresentation sub-element that defines the geometric representation such as the shape generation method.

Components that are considered extensible for the information representation of civil works can be added under the IFC Core schema in the form of entities, attributes or data types. The type of schema to be added depends on the viewpoint of the information model developer.

Referring to FIG. 1, the extended schema of IFC4 according to the present invention defines entities representing structures and member elements for recognizing the shape of civil engineering facilities under 'IfcCivilElement', and defines 1: 1 matching rule of Element and Type Accordingly, the type is defined under the 'IfcCivilElementType' entity. In particular, since the civil facility is a linear facility, it is necessary to construct a conceptual or geometric level spatial entity representing linear space, which is configured under the 'IfcSpatialElement' entity. In addition, since the IFC4 extended schema according to the present invention expresses the shape of the detailed design level, the components / parts are extended under the 'IfcElementComponent' entity defined in the existing IFC4.

2 is a diagram for explaining a physical or logical relationship between entities defined in an extension structure of the IFC4 standard proposed by the present invention.

The physical or logical relationship between the entities is linked to the facilities underneath the space so that the space is at the top and the facility that the space contains is visible. In addition, the relevant members and configuration elements of the facility are defined as Elements, which are connected to the Facility. The components / parts of the member are defined as components of the elements and connected to the bottom. Here, Facility, Elements, and Components / Parts can have their detailed types.

2. Derivation of tunnel facility factor

The present applicant has analyzed the components and design books of the already executed cases and the road work common WBS (Work Break Structure) (WBS) and the construction information classification system which are utilized in the road business to derive the components of the tunnel facility Respectively.

Table 1 and Table 2 list the component analysis results for deriving the tunnel information model. The information items excluded from the range covered by this schema are "excluded from scope", and the information items that can be commonly used in other types of roads in the road sector are indicated for utilization in each type of construction Respectively. The information items that can be utilized in the existing IFC4 are "IFC 4 utilization" and the spatial elements excluding the physical components are indicated as "space". The tunnel components were derived from the analysis to derive the tunnel information model and 6 items were classified as the information items about the tunnel space. The derivation of this component is the result of analyzing primarily the space and the physical facility / site, and can be extended to the facility / site type, and the part / component, material view.

3. Configuration of tunnel facility and Express-G modelling

FIG. 3 is an Express-G model that defines hierarchies and relationships of entities added for a tunnel to an IFC4-based hierarchy according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the EXPRESS-G diagram of FIG. 3, only a portion of the IFC model structure is shown, and other details are omitted for simplicity.

'IfcCivilElement' is a conceptual entity that represents the physical absence of civil engineering facilities in the construction sector. 'IfcCivilElement', as its sub-entity, contains 'IfcCivilStructureElement_K'.

'IfcCivilStructureElement_K' is a conceptual entity that represents a facility defined as a structural unit in civil engineering facilities. The civil engineering structure element represented by 'IfcCivilStructureElement_K' includes all the basic elements for the subtypes of a single structure associated with the civil engineering linear. The functional structures of civil engineering structure elements mainly include bridges and tunnel structures, and these structures include sub-construction members. Below the 'IfcCivilStructureElement_K', road structures (eg, retaining walls, culverts, caissons, etc.) commonly used without being subjected to specific facilities among road linear facilities are included.

'IfcCivilStructureElement_K' inherits the common properties of the sub-structure elements. Also, the set of individual elements of the lower structure is grouped into 'IfcCivilStructureElement_K' which is the parent, and is defined as a spatial structure.

'IfcCivilStructureElement_K' can refer to the functional linkage element defined in 'IfcBuildingElement'. That is, it exploits the detail function through the Inverse attribute by referring to the relationship between objects. Convergence, Voids, Projection, and Filling (B), Representations, Structures, References, Spatial Structures (S), Boundary, Converting, Voids, Projection and Filling . In the case of civil engineering structure elements, the function of Assignment to referenced spatial structure, Referencing to road alignment (IfcAlignment) is applied.

'IfcCivilStructureElementType_K' constructs a list of commonly used Property Set definitions for an optional list of structure expressions and elements of linear structures (bridges, tunnels, culvert and retaining walls and common structures, foundation, wall and slab) elements. It is used to define the elemendum specification (specific absent information, creation of absent types). The structure element type is used to define the general properties for a particular type of structure element that can be applied to various Instances by property to assign a specific Style of the related structure shape element. The creation of the subtype of 'IfcCivilStructureElementType' is represented by the Subtypes Instances of 'IfcCivilStrucutreElement_K'. Basically, Subtypes elements of a linear structure are used to link enum information without defining a shape. The specification of a particular type is defined by the inherited attribute 'IfcElementType' defined in 'IfcLabel'.

'IfcTunnelElement_K' is a sub-entity of 'IfcCivilStructureElement_K'. That is, 'IfcTunnelElement_K' is connected to 'OneOf' under 'IfcCivilStructureElement_K' along with other single structures such as bridges, culverts, retaining walls, caissons and common feature groups.

'IfcTunnelElement_K' is a conceptual entity that represents the tunnel element of the civil engineering part. 'IfcTunnelElement_K' inherits the common properties of the lower tunnel elements. Also, a set of lower tunnel elements is grouped into 'IfcTunnelElement_K' and defined as a spatial tunnel structure.

'IfcTunnelElement_K' can refer to the functional link element defined in 'IfcBuildingElement'. That is, it exploits the detail function through the Inverse attribute by referring to the relationship between objects. Convergence, Voids, Projection, and Filling (B), Representations, Structures, References, Spatial Structures (S), Boundary, Converting, Voids, Projection and Filling . In case of tunnel elements, the function of Assignment to referenced spatial structure and Referencing to road alignment (IfcAlignment) is applied.

'IfcTunnelElement_K' has sub-entities that define the main members, that is, the physical elements that make up the tunnel. As shown in FIG. 3A, in some embodiments, the sub-entity of 'IfcTunnelElement_K' may include IfcTunnelLining_K and IfcTunnelLiningSegment_K. In other embodiments, some sub-entities may be excluded or added, and sub-entities that define the main members that make up the tunnel are not limited to the entities listed in Fig.

'IfcTunnelLining_K' is an entity representing the civil part tunnel lining. The object type applied to 'IfcTunnelLining_K' is expressed in 'IfcTunnelLiningType_K'. 'IfcTunnelLiningSegment_K' is an entity representing a civil part tunnel lining segment. The object type applied to 'IfcTunnelLiningSegment_K' is expressed in IfcTunnelLiningSegment Type_K. Other tunnel part unit shapes can be defined as "IfcTunnelElementPart_K" shape elements under 'IfcComponentElement'.

The shape of the main objects constituting the tunnel Each type of access by each entity accesses the corresponding Type Entity and refers to the enumeration value defined here. Table 3 shows the object types applied to the main members constituting the tunnel. These object types are represented by 'IfcTunnel', 'TypeEnum_K' which is a type entity.

4. culvert , Retaining wall facilities and Caisson  Entity Configuration and Express-G modelling

The culvert, retaining wall facility, and caisson are classified as separate structural configuration items considering that they are important structural elements applied to major facilities in linear facilities such as roads, bridges, tunnels, and so on. In other words. These shape elements were not placed directly under the road facility elements but were re-grouped as common elements through comparison of common shapes used in other facilities and their placement positions were determined so as to have an appropriate hierarchy.

FIG. 4 is an Express-G model that defines hierarchies and relationships of entities added for a main structure of a road in an IFC4-based hierarchy according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the EXPRESS-G diagram of Fig. 4, only a portion of the IFC model structure is shown, and other details are omitted for simplicity.

Referring to FIG. 4, a single structure which is important as a civil engineering structure such as a bridge or a tunnel in addition to the road constitutes a separate upper entity IfcCivilStructureElement_K under the IfcCivilElement, and extends the corresponding structural shape element under it. First, bridges and tunnels are placed under them, and caches (IfcCulvert_K), retaining walls (IfcRetainingWall_K) and caissons (IfcCaisson_K) Entities are placed in the same hierarchy.

The culvert facilities represented by IfcCulvert_K can be viewed as separate facility structures such as roads and tunnels among the civil engineering facilities. Generally, it is divided into waterway and passage culverts. It can be divided into one series and two series depending on the number of middle void regions, and can be classified into a case having a specific square. The roadside culvert is installed for the passage of lanes and pedestrians and is installed for the movement of water. It is installed mainly linearly and vertically, and it can be installed linearly for drainage. In addition, the shape of the tunnel can be divided into the culvert type. The IfCulvert_K is mainly shared with the road facility (IfcRoadElement_K) and can be divided into a void object in the void area when the empty area of the culvert is treated as a space. The object type applied to 'IfCulvert_K' is expressed in 'IfcCulvertType_K'.

'IfcCulvertType_K' is a common facility element for road and drainage facilities and constitutes a list of elements used to allocate various forms, etc. This is used to define the element specification (absence information, creation of a member type) of the cantilever members. The Subtypes elements of the culvert structure are used to link the enumeration information without defining the shape. The creation of 'IfcCulvertType_K' is represented by the Instances of 'IfcCulvert_K'.

The retaining wall facility represented by 'IfcRetaingWall_K' is a facility closely connected with the road alignment, and is an element installed adjacent to the earth station. The facility consists of a foundation, a wall, and a wing wall, and shares elements (IfcCivilFooting_K, IfcCivilWall_K) defined in the schema. Subtypes elements of the retaining wall facility are used to link the enumeration information without defining the shape. The object type applied to 'IfcRetaingWall_K' is expressed in 'IfcCulvertType_K'.

'IfcRetaingWallType_K' constitutes a list of elements used to allocate various forms, etc. as a common facility element of road structures and drainage facilities associated with the linearity of roads. This is used to define the element specification (creation of member information, member type) of the retaining wall members. Subtypes elements of the retaining wall structure are used to link the enumeration information without defining the shape. The creation of 'IfcRetaingWallType_K' is represented by the Instances of 'IfcRetaingWall_K'.

The caisson represented by 'IfcCaisson_K' is a substructure installed to support loads of structures such as bridges, and serves as a base for supporting bridge alternation. The object type applied to 'IfcCaisson_K' is expressed in 'IfcCaisson_K'. 'IfcCaissonType_K' is used to define the element specification (absence information, creation of a member type) of the caisson members. Subtypes elements of a caisson structure are used to link enumeration information without defining a shape. The creation of 'IfcCaissonType_K' is represented by the Instances of 'IfcCaisson_K'.

The shape of the main objects that make up the culvert, the retaining wall, and the caisson Each type of access by type Entity accesses the corresponding Type Entity and refers to the enumeration value defined here. The object types applied to these are shown in Table 4 below. These object types are represented by 'Type', 'Ifc', 'TypeEnum_K'. For example, 'IfcRetaingWallTypeEnum_K' defines different forms related to a retaining wall structure that is constructed according to a linear shape adjacent to the earthwork for 'IfcRetaingWall' or 'IfcRetainingWallType'. This enumeration is commonly used for linear facilities such as roads, bridges, tunnels, and so on.

5. Linking Tunnels with Spatial Systems

(1) Characteristics of spatial system of civil engineering facility

The spatial system can be understood as decomposing the project model of the civil engineering facility into a manageable subset according to the spatial arrangement. The civil engineering facility is divided into a structural space system that can represent the top spatial system formed by linearly grouping objects, a topographical space system that can represent a wide area, (Reference Space System), which can be expressed in various groups. The spatial organization system is as follows.

First, the geospatial system includes the geographical area included in the section in which the civil engineering facility is designed, and the cut of the earthwork represented by the superposition of the geographical area and the structure (road, bridge, tunnel, etc.) And represent the embankment area. A plurality of structural spaces or individual structural spaces may be included in the entire geographical space. Thus, each structure can be spatially managed. Second, the structure space can be grouped into a single structure or multiple identical structures to give a spatial definition of the individual structure. Also, within a specific section of the road, it may include a road facility section, a cleaved soil section, a bridge section, and a tunnel section, and each section may be defined as a structure space, and each section may be conceptually expressed. Third, it can be expressed as a reference space, which is a multi-layered structure, a division of an ascending-descending section of a road, a section section divided according to station information, and the like. The hierarchy of such a space can have a relationship such as a site, a structural space, a reference space, or a space.

Civil engineering facilities can be classified into two types: linear facilities and earthworks (topography). A linear facility is a facility that is designed and constructed according to a central line such as a road, a bridge, or a tunnel, and the earthwork divides the surrounding terrain into which these linear facilities are placed and the cut-off and fill- Here, the surrounding terrain is expressed in the form of a circular ground, and the cut and embankment sections of the earth are expressed in the form of a plan terrain.

Structural space according to the linear shape includes bridge, tunnel, road, etc. in the whole road section as a structural unit. These structural spaces are used to provide additional information about each structure itself. The space containing all of these structures can consist of road linear spaces at the project level. In other words, facilities with different characteristics in the same project are defined as individual structure spaces, which constitute one road linear space.

Linear shapes, which are the core shape elements of linear facilities, are divided into a plane linear shape and a longitudinal linear shape, and they are combined to form a three-dimensional linear shape geometrically. The linearity can be checked by the measurement and the length of the management zone can be checked through the station. In the case of road facilities, the related space may consist of up / down space according to the direction of the road and a sectioned space having a specific section according to the station. Bridges with a multi-layer structure can be divided into two spaces according to the vertical position, and the facilities linked to each individual space can be managed. In addition, it can be classified into a sidewalk space, a parking space, and a lane space according to the division of horizontal members in the entire road facility space.

(2) Construction of spatial entities

6 is an Express-G diagram illustrating new entities and their hierarchical relationships for representing civil engineering subject spatial elements, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

The definition of the space in IFC4 begins with 'IfcSpatialElement'. It should be noted that the space defined by the existing architectural IFC is defined under 'IfcSpatialElement' but the entity defining the space of the civil structure is not defined.

The definition of civil space system can be defined by sharing with existing space system. However, in consideration of the difference in the vertical and horizontal spatial characteristics of construction and civil engineering and the difference in non-formation, the present invention can be applied to a civil engineering space system, . However, the entire geospatial space is constructed by referring to 'IfcSite' constructed in the existing architectural IFC, and the individual linear structure space can be spatially connected to 'IfcSite' which is a subspace of 'IfcSpatialStructureElement'. The relationship between the spaces can utilize a connected entity called 'IfcRelAggregates', and the subspace entity forms a reference relationship, not a direct connection to the parent.

The connection between the linear structure space and the terrain proposed by the present invention is connected by 'IfcRelAggregates', the upper space has a RelatingObject relation as a lower space, and the lower space has a RelatedObject relation as a higher space. In addition, a structure space such as a tunnel has a compositionType and can express some structure spaces.

In the diagram of FIG. 6, 'IfcCivilSpatialStructureElement_K' and 'IfcCivilSpatialBoundary_K' have been added as new entities for defining spatial hierarchies and entities in the civil works subordinate.

The civil spatial element expressed by 'IfcCivilSpatialStructureElement_K' is used for spatial management of all facilities of civil engineering, and is used as a top spatial structure of linear facility and structure facility together with 'IfcCivilSpatialBoundary_K'. It is assigned to Abstract.

Below 'IfcCivilSpatialStructureElement_K', there are spatial entities that define the linear structure space, and 'IfcCivilSpatialBoundary_K' contains the spatial entities that define the reference space. The spatial entities that define the linear structure space and the spatial entities that define the reference space are as follows.

First, 'IfcRoad_K' representing a road space, 'IfcBridge_K' representing a bridge space, and 'IfcTunnel_K' representing a tunnel space are included below 'IfcCivilSpatialStructureElement_K' as spatial entities defining linear structure spaces.

The road space represented by 'IfcRoad_K' is spatially linked to all road facility elements defined under 'IfcRoadElement_K'. This is used as a project hierarchy. 'IfcRoadType_K' defines the type list of the top-level civil space structure that allows conceptual grouping of linear space and structure space on the road. These Subtypes elements are used to link the enumeration information without defining the shape.

The bridge space represented by 'IfcBridge_K' is spatially linked to all bridge facility elements defined under 'IfcBridgeElement_K'. This is used as a project hierarchy. 'IfcBridgeType_K' defines a type list of top-level civil spatial structure that allows conceptual grouping of the bridge's structure space. These Subtypes elements are used to link the enumeration information without defining the shape.

The tunnel space represented by 'IfcTunnel_K' is spatially linked to all tunnel facility elements defined under 'IfcTunnelElement_K'. This is used as a project hierarchy. 'IfcTunnelType_K' defines the type list of the top-level civil space structure that allows conceptual grouping of the tunnel space. These Subtypes elements are used to link the enumeration information without defining the shape.

An 'Enumeration definition entity' is connected to a predefined type so that a road space, a bridge space, and a tunnel space can have an individual space type. That is, the type of 'IfcRoad_K' is defined as 'IfcRoadTypeEnum_K', the type of 'IfcBridge_K' is defined as 'IfcBridgeTypeEnum_K', and the type of 'IfcTunnel_K' is defined as 'IfcTunnelTypeEnum_K'. 'IfcRoadTypeEnum_K' defines different types (Predefined Types) of 'IfcRoad_K' and 'IfcRoadType_K' which are spatial structures of roads. It determines the hierarchy of the top level according to the way the road is used. 'IfcBridgeTypeEnum_K' defines different types (Predefined Types) of 'IfcBridge_K' or 'IfcBridgeType_K' which are spatial structures of bridges. This determines the hierarchy of the top level depending on the construction method of the bridge and the form of utilization. 'IfcTunnelTypeEnum_K' defines different types (Predefined Types) of 'IfcTunnel_K' or 'IfcTunnelType_K' which are spatial structures of tunnels. This determines the hierarchy of the top level according to the method of tunnel construction and the form of utilization.

As described above, an 'IfcCivilSpatialBoundary_K' having the same hierarchy as 'IfcCivilSpatialElement_K' is located under 'IfcSpatialElement'. 'IfcCivilSpatialBoundary_K' is a conceptual entity for managing reference spaces which are conceptual spaces that are not expressed in shape but are separated by management units.

Below the 'IfcCivilSpatialBoundary_K', a vertical linear reference space expressed by 'IfcLinearRefSpace_K', a linear node reference space expressed by 'IfcCurvlinearNodeSpace_K', and a vertical position and arrangement of a structure represented by 'IfcVerticalSubspace_K' And a vertical reference space for distinguishing between the space division and the multi-layer structure according to the present invention. Their spatial perception is inherited from the coordinate attribute configured in 'IfcCivilSpatialBoundary_K' and is spatially separated by the corresponding value.

The linear reference space represented by 'IfcLinearRefSpace_K' expresses the spatial management hierarchy for a structure that is classified based on the road line and a plurality of reference lines based thereon. For example, a press facility may be defined as IfcRoadFootpaht_K and all reporting facilities configured in a linear fashion can be referenced simultaneously to the hierarchy of this linear reference space (IfcLinearRefSpace_K).

The linear node reference space represented by 'IfcCurvlinearNodeSpace_K' is a conceptual space type, and can be defined as an element that is not utilized in actual design information or an element for spatial management of structure position units of a construction stage. Linear and structural space defined by user-defined coordinates, and the hierarchy of spatial elements that can distinguish a specific section and site, such as the shaft section of a tunnel.

The vertical reference space represented by 'IfcVerticalSubspace_K' expresses spatial management hierarchy for vertical structures of roads, bridges, and tunnels. For example, in the case of a two-story tunnel or a multi-story bridge facility, the upper space may be divided into roads, and the lower space may be divided into spaces such as railways.

(3) Linkage between spatial entities and structural elements

The spatial composition system of civil engineering facilities including tunnels is defined by spatially dividing the geomorphic section and the structure in order to ensure the rapid access from the spatial unit to the structural unit and the efficiency of the structure management.

To construct a hierarchical relationship that associates a spatial entity with a structure, or conversely, with which space the structure is associated, the present invention utilizes the connection relationship defining entity defined in IFC4. For example, a set of members constituting a tunnel may be associated with the entire structure space of the tunnel, and thus, it is connected by 'IfcRelContainedInSpatialStructure'. Here, the members constituting the tunnel are relatedElement, and the tunnel space is defined by RelatingElement.

(4) Space element connection system of tunnel facility entity

The detailed shape elements of the tunnel are joined together to complete one tunnel structure. These tunnel structures are represented by completely grouped tunnel facilities, in which the detailed shapes are not separated according to the level of shape expression. Structural detail shapes commonly use 'IfcRelContatinedInSpatialStructure', which is an associative entity when connected to a space. In terms of spatial entities, detail shapes have a RelatingObject relationship, and detail shapes have a RelatedObject relation to a spatial entity. Through these connections, the shape elements of the tunnel automatically become sub-elements of the spatial hierarchy when the shape is transformed.

In the shape entity of the tunnel, 'IfcTunnelLining_K' and 'IfcTunnelLiningSegment_K' are associated with the lower shape entity in the 'IfcTunnel_K' space. At this time, 'IscRelContainedInSpatialStructure', which is an entity that connects space and shape elements, is utilized. If 'IfcTunnelLining_K' is output and modeled, it is automatically allocated to the 'IfcTunnel_K' space in the form hierarchy on the verification tool according to the above connection relationship, thereby forming a hierarchical structure. In addition, these shape entities are associated with reference space entities defined under 'IfcCivilSpatialBoundary_K'.

In addition, culvert, retaining wall, and caisson, which are geometric elements that are applied to major facilities in linear facilities such as roads, bridges, and tunnels, are associated with subtypical entities in the 'IfcRoad_K', 'IfcBridge_K', or 'IfcTunnel_K' spaces.

A method of using or implementing a standard information model of a road main structure including a tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described based on the association system of shape entities and spatial elements of the tunnel described above.

In AEC / FM (Architecture, Engineering and Construction / Facilities Management) applications, implementing IFC schema support is usually based on the IFC Toolbox. These tools provide the ability to read and write IFC files in the STEP physical file format and provide APIs for mapping instances of AEC / FM applications to IFC instances and vice versa. These APIs are implemented in one or more programming languages (e.g., C ++, Java, VB). In addition, a variety of tools, including the following:

IFC file validators: Tools that validate IFC data against the IFC schema. These tools can ensure that the generated IFC data file is syntactically correct.

IFC geometry viewers: A tool that can read IFC files and display geometric items contained in IFC files in 3D or 2D geometry. Usually these viewers allow you to view the project structure (the buildings, floors, spaces included in the IFC project data file), the absence, and the properties of each member.

IFC file browser: A tool that allows you to open an IFC file and navigate through the instance reference, which can be used to browse the plain text IFC file.

As noted, BIM authoring tools (software applications) have their own proprietary file format as to how to store the BIM model and its components (geometric objects) that make up the model. The Authoring Tool generally has an Export function for exporting a BIM model to an IFC data file and an Import function for mapping data stored in the IFC format according to a data structure used in the corresponding tool. IFC data files are structured ASCII text files with the file extension ".ifc", also called IFC-SPF, where SPF is the standard for Exchange of Product Model Data (STEP) defined by ISO 10303-21 The Viewer is usually a program whose main purpose is to visualize the data of the model and has the Import function.

6 is a diagram showing an exemplary structure of an IFC data file.

The IFC data file is divided into a header section and a data section. The header section contains information about the file description, the date and time the file was created, the name of the company and author of the file, the IFC version used, and so on. The header section has a fixed structure in which 3 to 6 groups are arranged in a predetermined order. The data section includes the main data of the information model described in the IFC data file, that is, the geometric information and the semantic information of objects to be modeled as well as the relationship therebetween. The data section consists of a number of entity instances. Each entity instance takes a '#' as the beginning of the statement, followed by a list of instance names, entity names, and attribute values.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a method of generating a standard information model of a tunnel (or a road main structure including a tunnel) according to an embodiment of the present invention. The method of Figure 7 is performed via one or more computing devices.

First, a BIM model is created for a tunnel (or a road main structure including a tunnel) using a BIM authoring tool (S710).

Next, IFC entities and IFC types included in the previously defined IFC schema are designated for each member constituting the manufactured BIM model (S720). Here, the IFC schema uses the extended schema of the IFC4 and ISO 16739 standards proposed by the present invention. That is, the IFC schema is defined as (a) an Express language, (b) a hierarchical structure based on IFC4 and ISO 16739 standards, (c) a plurality of shape entities Entity) and a type entity of each shape entity. (d) Each type entity has an enumeration data type that enumerates a plurality of detail types. (e) the plurality of shape entities and the plurality of type entities are located under a plurality of hierarchical conceptual entities.

Next, the BIM model is converted into an IFC model represented by a STEP language using a compiler that recognizes the data structure of the IFC schema (S730). That is, an IFC entity is mapped to each member on the basis of a relation specified for each member, and a STEP (Standard for Exchange Product Model Data) is utilized by using resources of an IFC schema to represent an instance inherited according to the IFC schema. And structured in a language (S740 to S750).

Finally, the structured result in the STEP language is stored as an IFC file (S760).

FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a method of visualizing a standard information model of a tunnel (or a road main structure including a tunnel) according to an embodiment of the present invention. The method of Figure 8 is performed via one or more computing devices.

First, an IFC file stored according to the IFC schema structure is loaded (S810).

Next, using the IFC schema parser (Parser), the loaded IFC file is analyzed for the spatial structure of the IFC model and the hierarchical structure of physical member elements (S820 to S830). Here, the IFC schema is applied to the extension scheme of the IFC4 or ISO 16739 standard proposed by the present invention. That is, the IFC schema is defined as (a) Express language, (b) according to the hierarchical structure of the extension based on IFC4 or ISO 16739 standard, (c) a plurality of shapes And further includes a plurality of type entities representing the type of each shape entity. (d) Each type entity has an enumeration data type that enumerates a plurality of detail types. (e) the plurality of shape entities and the plurality of type entities are located under a plurality of hierarchical conceptual entities.

Next, the configuration information of the space and elements of the IFC entity unit expressing the member are analyzed, and the information representing the object property is analyzed (S840 to S850).

Next, the analyzed information is stored in the relational DB table, the objects are shaped based on the finally stored information, and the attribute information of each object is displayed (S860 to S570).

A method for implementing a standard information model schema (for example, a method for creating or visualizing an IFC model) for the tunnel (or a road main structure including a tunnel) as described above is a method for reading a computer- It is possible to implement it as code. A computer-readable recording medium includes all kinds of recording apparatuses in which data that can be read by a computer system is stored. That is, a computer-readable recording medium includes a magnetic storage medium (e.g., ROM, floppy disk, hard disk, etc.), an optical reading medium (e.g., CD ROM, And the like). The computer-readable recording medium may also be distributed over a networked computer system so that computer readable code can be stored and executed in a distributed manner.

The foregoing description is merely illustrative of the technical idea of the present embodiment, and various modifications and changes may be made to those skilled in the art without departing from the essential characteristics of the embodiments. Therefore, the present embodiments are to be construed as illustrative rather than restrictive, and the scope of the technical idea of the present embodiment is not limited by these embodiments. The scope of protection of the present embodiment should be construed according to the following claims, and all technical ideas within the scope of equivalents thereof should be construed as being included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A data structure in which a schema for defining a standard information model for a road main structure including a tunnel is expressed,
(a) is defined in Express language;
(b) comply with the hierarchy specified in IFC4 or ISO 16739;
(c) a plurality of type entities indicating a shape of elements constituting the tunnel and a plurality of type entities indicating types of each shape entities, each type entity including a plurality of details Has an enumeration data type that enumerates the type;
(d) the plurality of shape entities and the plurality of type entities are located under a plurality of conceptual entities forming a hierarchical structure,
Lt; / RTI > The method according to claim 1,
The schema includes:
IfcCivilStructureElement_K, which is a conceptual entity representing a facility defined as a structure unit in civil engineering facilities as a sub-entity of IfcCivilElement which is a conceptual entity defined in IFC4 or ISO 16739, and a set of elements constituting a tunnel as a sub-entity of the IfcCivilStructureElement_K Further comprises IfcTunnelElement_K, which is a conceptual entity;
Wherein the plurality of shape entities comprise sub-entities of IfcTunnelElement_K. 3. The method of claim 2,
The IfcTunnelElement_K,
Inherits the common properties possessed by the subordinate entities and refers to a functional linkage element defined by IfcBuildingElement, which is a conceptual entity defined in IFC4 or ISO 16739. [ 3. The method of claim 2,
In the sub-entity of the IfcCivilStructureElement_K,
Wherein the data structure comprises entities representing the shape of a cave, a retaining wall, and a caisson which are major structures commonly used in other civil engineering facilities. The method according to claim 1,
The plurality of shape entities comprising:
An entity representing a civil part tunnel lining, and an entity representing a civil part tunnel lining segment. The method according to claim 1,
In the enumerated type,
A user-defined type, a tentative type, and one or more predefined types. CLAIMS 1. A method for generating an IFC model, which is a BIM neutral format for a road major structure including a tunnel, using one or more computing devices,
A process of creating a BIM model for a road main structure including a tunnel by using the BIM authoring tool;
A method for designating an entity and a type included in a schema defined in advance according to members constituting a manufactured BIM model, wherein the schema conforms to the hierarchy of IFC4 or ISO 16739 standards, ) Further comprises a plurality of type entities representing the shape of the elements constituting the tunnel and a plurality of type entities representing the type of each shape entity, (c) each type entity comprises a plurality of type entities, Wherein the plurality of shape entities and the plurality of type entities are located under a plurality of hierarchical conceptual entities;
The BIM model is transformed into an IFC model represented by a STEP language, and an entity of the schema is mapped to each member based on a relation defined for each member, and an instance of the schema is represented in order to represent an instance inherited according to the schema. The process of structuring in STEP (Standard for Exchange Model Data) language using resources; And
The process of storing structured results in STEP language as IFC file
The IFC model for a road main structure including a tunnel. 1. A method for visualizing an IFC model that is a BIM neutral format for a road major structure, including a tunnel, using one or more computing devices,
Loading an IFC file stored according to the IFC schema structure;
Analyzing a hierarchical structure of a spatial element and a physical element of an IFC model by using an IFC schema parser (Parser), wherein the IFC schema is defined as (a) an Express language and (b) a hierarchy of IFC4 or ISO 16739 standards; (c) a plurality of shape entities representing the shape of the elements constituting the tunnel, and a plurality of types representing the type of each shape entity (D) each type entity has an enumeration data type that enumerates a plurality of detail types; (e) the plurality of shape entities and the plurality of type entities are hierarchical structures Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > a < / RTI > plurality of conceptual entities;
Analyzing shape configuration information on the space and an element of an IFC entity unit representing the member;
Analyzing information representing an object property;
Storing the analyzed information in a relational DB table; And
The process of shaping objects based on stored information and displaying the attribute information of each object
A method of visualizing an IFC model for a roadway major structure including a tunnel comprising:

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