KR20160071370A - 지표면 아래에 토양 처리제를 적용하기 위한 장치 및 방법 - Google Patents
지표면 아래에 토양 처리제를 적용하기 위한 장치 및 방법 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR20160071370A KR20160071370A KR1020167006900A KR20167006900A KR20160071370A KR 20160071370 A KR20160071370 A KR 20160071370A KR 1020167006900 A KR1020167006900 A KR 1020167006900A KR 20167006900 A KR20167006900 A KR 20167006900A KR 20160071370 A KR20160071370 A KR 20160071370A
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- high pressure
- application tool
- soil
- low pressure
- pressure application
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 276
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 120
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 135
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 135
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 75
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000012384 transportation and delivery Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002424 termiticide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000256602 Isoptera Species 0.000 description 175
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 67
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 66
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 34
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000013523 data management Methods 0.000 description 20
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 10
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 9
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 8
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000256856 Vespidae Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001846 repelling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000257303 Hymenoptera Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003796 beauty Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000003811 finger Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003813 thumb Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000239290 Araneae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238424 Crustacea Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010019233 Headaches Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000341511 Nematodes Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000029797 Prion Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091000054 Prion Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004479 aerosol dispenser Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004599 antimicrobial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000869 headache Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002458 infectious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005055 memory storage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011785 micronutrient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013369 micronutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ORQBXQOJMQIAOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nobelium Chemical compound [No] ORQBXQOJMQIAOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011176 pooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002364 soil amendment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/24—Arrangements connected with buildings, doors, windows, or the like
- A01M1/245—Arrangements connected with buildings, doors, windows, or the like for pesticide application or distribution, e.g. using a network of pipes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/02—Special arrangements for delivering the liquid directly into the soil
- A01C23/023—Special arrangements for delivering the liquid directly into the soil for liquid or gas fertilisers
- A01C23/026—Localised non-continuous injection tools, e.g. pal injectors, spike wheels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/02—Special arrangements for delivering the liquid directly into the soil
- A01C23/027—Other methods for delivering fertiliser into the soil
- A01C23/028—Contactless injection into the soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M17/00—Apparatus for the destruction of vermin in soil or in foodstuffs
- A01M17/002—Injection of toxic gases or fluids into the soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M21/00—Apparatus for the destruction of unwanted vegetation, e.g. weeds
- A01M21/04—Apparatus for destruction by steam, chemicals, burning, or electricity
- A01M21/043—Apparatus for destruction by steam, chemicals, burning, or electricity by chemicals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M25/00—Devices for dispensing poison for animals
- A01M25/006—Poison applicators, i.e. mobile devices for disposing poison wherever required, e.g. into holes, burrows, walls or ground
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M7/00—Special adaptations or arrangements of liquid-spraying apparatus for purposes covered by this subclass
- A01M7/0025—Mechanical sprayers
- A01M7/0032—Pressure sprayers
- A01M7/0035—Pressure sprayers mounted on a frame and guided by hand; Spray barrow
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
- Fertilizing (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201361868321P | 2013-08-21 | 2013-08-21 | |
| US61/868,321 | 2013-08-21 | ||
| PCT/IB2014/063927 WO2015025252A1 (en) | 2013-08-21 | 2014-08-14 | Apparatus and method for applying a soil treatment beneath the surface of the ground |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| KR20160071370A true KR20160071370A (ko) | 2016-06-21 |
Family
ID=51795666
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020167006900A Withdrawn KR20160071370A (ko) | 2013-08-21 | 2014-08-14 | 지표면 아래에 토양 처리제를 적용하기 위한 장치 및 방법 |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US9992991B2 (https=) |
| EP (1) | EP3035797A1 (https=) |
| JP (4) | JP6552496B2 (https=) |
| KR (1) | KR20160071370A (https=) |
| CN (1) | CN105578877A (https=) |
| AR (1) | AR097416A1 (https=) |
| AU (1) | AU2014310308B2 (https=) |
| MX (1) | MX2016002248A (https=) |
| TW (1) | TW201521568A (https=) |
| WO (1) | WO2015025252A1 (https=) |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105578877A (zh) * | 2013-08-21 | 2016-05-11 | 巴斯夫农业公司 | 将土壤处理剂施加到地面之下的设备和方法 |
| US9663018B2 (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2017-05-30 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Integrated fuel delivery apparatus |
| US10241097B2 (en) | 2015-07-30 | 2019-03-26 | Ecoation Innovative Solutions Inc. | Multi-sensor platform for crop health monitoring |
| CN109937672B (zh) * | 2019-05-07 | 2020-10-16 | 惠安县品创工业设计有限公司 | 一种施肥推车专用的错位下料管道设备 |
| US12197219B2 (en) | 2019-08-12 | 2025-01-14 | Ecoation Innovative Solutions Inc. | Mobile platform for crop monitoring and treatment |
| US11666004B2 (en) | 2020-10-02 | 2023-06-06 | Ecoation Innovative Solutions Inc. | System and method for testing plant genotype and phenotype expressions under varying growing and environmental conditions |
| US12131393B2 (en) | 2020-10-02 | 2024-10-29 | Ecoation Innovative Solutions Inc. | Platform for real-time identification and resolution of spatial production anomalies in agriculture |
| US11533902B2 (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2022-12-27 | Mark T. Wright | System for eradicating fire ants and other insects |
| US12067711B2 (en) | 2020-11-13 | 2024-08-20 | Ecoation Innovative Solutions Inc. | Data processing platform for analyzing stereo-spatio-temporal crop condition measurements to support plant growth and health optimization |
| US11925151B2 (en) | 2020-11-13 | 2024-03-12 | Ecoation Innovative Solutions Inc. | Stereo-spatial-temporal crop condition measurements for plant growth and health optimization |
| US11555690B2 (en) | 2020-11-13 | 2023-01-17 | Ecoation Innovative Solutions Inc. | Generation of stereo-spatio-temporal crop condition measurements based on human observations and height measurements |
| CN112715066A (zh) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-04-30 | 王波 | 一种农田翻土装置 |
| CN115720889A (zh) * | 2022-11-30 | 2023-03-03 | 宋以星 | 一种农业植保用全方位喷雾装置 |
Family Cites Families (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4624193A (en) | 1983-05-04 | 1986-11-25 | John Blue Company | Method and apparatus for the jet injection of agricultural liquids into the soil |
| US4807544A (en) | 1987-09-21 | 1989-02-28 | Cross Equipment Company, Inc. | Apparatus and method for subsurface injection of agrochemicals |
| US5061119A (en) | 1990-08-17 | 1991-10-29 | Philipp Holzmann Aktiengesellschaft | Method and apparatus for the remediation of contaminated soils |
| US5370069A (en) | 1991-09-12 | 1994-12-06 | Injection Aeration Systems | Apparatus and method for aerating and/or introducing particulate matter into a ground surface |
| US5605105A (en) * | 1994-10-17 | 1997-02-25 | Great Plains Manufacturing, Incorporated | Method and apparatus for placing dry or liquid materials into the soil subsurface without tillage tools |
| JP3601038B2 (ja) * | 1995-04-04 | 2004-12-15 | 井関農機株式会社 | 薬液注入装置 |
| IT1296214B1 (it) | 1997-04-18 | 1999-06-18 | Cesare Melegari | Metodo ed apparato per la bonifica del terreno mediante l'immissionne negli strati del sottosuolo di un getto di liquido |
| FR2799612B1 (fr) * | 1999-10-19 | 2003-01-17 | Sarl Decouzon | Dispositif de diffusion de produits volatils de traitement dans le sol |
| US6457905B1 (en) | 2000-03-10 | 2002-10-01 | Jerry D. Nickell | In-situ deep remediation injection system and method |
| US6308454B1 (en) * | 2000-07-07 | 2001-10-30 | Ronnie F. Powell | Pesticide dispensing device |
| US20030210956A1 (en) | 2002-05-10 | 2003-11-13 | Tanaka Kankyo-Kaihatsu Co. | Method for purifying a layer of contaminated soil and apparatus |
| JP2005040058A (ja) * | 2003-07-22 | 2005-02-17 | Minoru Industrial Co Ltd | 薬液注入機 |
| US8171659B2 (en) | 2007-12-10 | 2012-05-08 | Thomas Francis Hursen | Method and apparatus for selective soil fracturing, soil excavation or soil treatment using supersonic pneumatic nozzle with integral fluidized material injector |
| US9232780B2 (en) * | 2010-02-23 | 2016-01-12 | Basf Corporation | Apparatus for injecting soil treatments |
| KR20130053392A (ko) * | 2010-02-23 | 2013-05-23 | 드라이젝트, 인크. | 지표면 아래에 농약을 적용하기 위한 고압 주입 시스템 |
| EA201201168A1 (ru) | 2010-02-23 | 2013-04-30 | Драйджект, Инк. | Устройство для внесения материала на или под поверхность почвы |
| US8875438B2 (en) * | 2010-02-23 | 2014-11-04 | BASF Agro B.V. | Method of pesticide treatment of soil adjacent structures |
| US20120230769A1 (en) | 2011-03-08 | 2012-09-13 | Holmes Mark R | System and method for destroying ground pearl |
| WO2012123518A2 (en) | 2011-03-14 | 2012-09-20 | Vlaamse Instelling Voor Technologisch Onderzoek | Soil treatment device and use thereof for treating contaminated soil and/or groundwater contained therein |
| US9066467B1 (en) | 2013-04-22 | 2015-06-30 | Gene Thomas Vincent | Soil treatment applicator |
| CN105578877A (zh) * | 2013-08-21 | 2016-05-11 | 巴斯夫农业公司 | 将土壤处理剂施加到地面之下的设备和方法 |
-
2014
- 2014-08-14 CN CN201480046115.2A patent/CN105578877A/zh active Pending
- 2014-08-14 MX MX2016002248A patent/MX2016002248A/es unknown
- 2014-08-14 EP EP14789608.8A patent/EP3035797A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-08-14 KR KR1020167006900A patent/KR20160071370A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-08-14 WO PCT/IB2014/063927 patent/WO2015025252A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2014-08-14 JP JP2016535544A patent/JP6552496B2/ja active Active
- 2014-08-14 US US14/912,787 patent/US9992991B2/en active Active
- 2014-08-14 AU AU2014310308A patent/AU2014310308B2/en active Active
- 2014-08-21 AR ARP140103144A patent/AR097416A1/es unknown
- 2014-08-21 TW TW103128863A patent/TW201521568A/zh unknown
-
2018
- 2018-05-09 US US15/974,806 patent/US10420332B2/en active Active
-
2019
- 2019-03-08 JP JP2019042222A patent/JP2019107032A/ja active Pending
-
2020
- 2020-11-25 JP JP2020194772A patent/JP2021036902A/ja active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-09-09 JP JP2022143362A patent/JP2022174206A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP6552496B2 (ja) | 2019-07-31 |
| TW201521568A (zh) | 2015-06-16 |
| US20180255760A1 (en) | 2018-09-13 |
| EP3035797A1 (en) | 2016-06-29 |
| JP2022174206A (ja) | 2022-11-22 |
| CN105578877A (zh) | 2016-05-11 |
| AR097416A1 (es) | 2016-03-16 |
| AU2014310308A1 (en) | 2016-03-10 |
| US20160198695A1 (en) | 2016-07-14 |
| JP2019107032A (ja) | 2019-07-04 |
| JP2016527915A (ja) | 2016-09-15 |
| WO2015025252A1 (en) | 2015-02-26 |
| US9992991B2 (en) | 2018-06-12 |
| US10420332B2 (en) | 2019-09-24 |
| MX2016002248A (es) | 2016-11-18 |
| AU2014310308B2 (en) | 2018-03-29 |
| JP2021036902A (ja) | 2021-03-11 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US10420332B2 (en) | Methods for applying a soil treatment beneath the surface of the ground | |
| JP5894938B2 (ja) | 殺虫剤を注入する注入装置及び構造物に隣接した土壌に殺虫剤を注入する方法 | |
| JP5863677B2 (ja) | 土壌に殺虫剤を適用するための高圧注入システム | |
| US9232780B2 (en) | Apparatus for injecting soil treatments | |
| KR20160077034A (ko) | 지표면 아래에 토양 처리제를 적용하기 위한 장치 및 시스템 | |
| AU2013290219A1 (en) | Apparatus for injecting soil treatments | |
| JP6436993B2 (ja) | 土壌処理システムを管理するための管理システム及び方法 | |
| EP3136851A1 (en) | Apparatus for injecting soil treatments | |
| HK1233441A1 (en) | Apparatus for injecting soil treatments |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PA0105 | International application |
Patent event date: 20160316 Patent event code: PA01051R01D Comment text: International Patent Application |
|
| PG1501 | Laying open of application | ||
| PC1203 | Withdrawal of no request for examination | ||
| WITN | Application deemed withdrawn, e.g. because no request for examination was filed or no examination fee was paid |