KR20160051713A - System, method and recording medium for map image recognition by using optical character reader, and file distribution system - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed are a system and a method for recognizing a map image based on an optical character reader (OCR). The system comprises: a recognition unit recognizing characters from an input image by using a character recognition technique; a searching unit searching a place name relevant to the character from a database including geographical information; and a provision unit providing map information including the place name as a recognition result of the input image. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a system and a method capable of recognizing a map image without being influenced by a type and a shape of a map.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to a system and a method for recognizing a map image based on OCR, a recording medium, and a file distribution system,

Embodiments of the present invention relate to techniques for recognizing a map image and finding a map area referred to by the recognized image.

In the map recognition method, it is possible for a person to directly see the map image and recognize the area referred to by the map image. However, there is an inconvenience in that a person manually must find and recognize the area referred to by the map image.

As another method, there is a map recognition method based on a map topography. In a state where a database of the topographic information of the map is built in advance, the terrain information is extracted from the inputted map image, A map area including the terrain information can be found.

For example, Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 10-2013-0052970 (published May 23, 2013) entitled " Apparatus and Method for Providing Map Service Using Image Recognition Technology "includes extracting a feature point from a map image by receiving a map image, Discloses a technique for providing map information on a final image matching with a map image using minutiae points.

However, the conventional map recognition method has a problem that it is difficult to construct a database for the map image, and when the map image other than the map image in which the database is constructed is input, the map is not recognized.

The present invention provides a system and method for recognizing a map image without being affected by the type and shape of the map.

A system and method for recognizing place names in a map image using optical character reader (OCR) technology is provided.

* Provides a system and method for providing recognition results of map images based on POIs.

A recognition unit for recognizing a character in an input image using a character recognition technique; A search unit for searching for a place name corresponding to the character in a database including location information; And a providing unit for providing map information including the place name as a recognition result of the input image.

A computer-implemented map recognition method comprising: recognizing a character in an input image using a character recognition technique; Searching for a place name corresponding to the character in a database including location information; And providing the map information including the place name as a recognition result of the input image.

A file distribution system for distributing a file of an application installed in a user terminal, the file distribution system comprising: a file transfer unit for transferring the file according to a request of the user terminal, the application comprising: Recognizing module; A module for searching for a place name corresponding to the character in a database including location information; And a module for providing map information including the location name as a recognition result of the input image.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a POI (Point of Interest) is recognized in a map image by using an optical character reader (OCR) technology, and a map area referred to by the map image is searched based on the recognized name, It is possible to recognize all map images such as general paper maps and maps as well as precise electronic maps without being influenced by the shape.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a map area referred to by a map image can be accurately located by utilizing a database including location information without using a database of the entire terrain information of the map image by recognizing the map image based on the place name have.

1 illustrates an overview of a user terminal and a map recognition system in an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a block diagram for explaining an internal configuration of a map recognition system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a flowchart showing a map recognition method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
4 to 18 are illustrative drawings for explaining a specific process of recognizing a map image and providing a recognition result in an embodiment of the present invention.
19 is a block diagram for explaining an example of the internal configuration of a computer system in an embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The embodiments of the present invention are directed to a technique for finding an actual map area to which an input image is input by receiving a map image and can be applied to various map service fields such as a map search service, a location confirmation service, a route search /

1 illustrates an overview of a user terminal and a map recognition system in an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 shows a map recognition system 100 and a user terminal 101. FIG. 1, it may mean that data can be transmitted and received between the map recognition system 100 and the user terminal 101 via the wired / wireless network.

The user terminal 101 is connected to a web / mobile site related to the map recognition system 100 or a service dedicated application (map recognition) by a PC, a smart phone, a tablet, a wearable computer, Application) can be installed and executed. At this time, the user terminal 101 can perform service-wide operations such as service screen configuration, data input, data transmission / reception, and data storage under the control of a web / mobile site or a dedicated application.

The map recognition system 100 serves as a service platform for providing a map service to a user terminal 101 as a client. In particular, the map recognition system 100 receives the map image from the user terminal 101, recognizes the location information through the OCR technology in the inputted map image, and displays the actual map area (latitude / Longitude and boundary area) of the mobile terminal. At this time, the map recognition system 100 may be implemented in an application form on the user terminal 101, but is not limited thereto and may be implemented in a service platform providing a service requiring map recognition in a client-server environment Is also possible.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram for explaining an internal configuration of a map recognition system according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a map recognition method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

2, the map recognition system 200 according to the present embodiment may include a processor 210, a bus 220, a network interface 230, a memory 240, and a database 250 . The memory 240 may include an operating system 241 and a map recognition routine 242. The processor 210 may include a recognition unit 211, a search unit 212, and a provider 213. In other embodiments, the map recognition system 200 may include more components than the components of FIG.

The memory 240 may be a computer-readable recording medium and may include a permanent mass storage device such as a random access memory (RAM), a read only memory (ROM), and a disk drive. Also, the memory 240 may store program codes for the operating system 241 and the map recognition routine 242. [ These software components may be loaded from a computer readable recording medium separate from the memory 240 using a drive mechanism (not shown). Such a computer-readable recording medium may include a computer-readable recording medium (not shown) such as a floppy drive, a disk, a tape, a DVD / CD-ROM drive, or a memory card. In other embodiments, the software components may be loaded into the memory 240 via the network interface 230 rather than from a computer readable recording medium.

The bus 220 may enable communication and data transfer between components of the map recognition system 200. The bus 220 may be configured using a high-speed serial bus, a parallel bus, a Storage Area Network (SAN), and / or other suitable communication technology.

The network interface 230 may be a computer hardware component for connecting the map recognition system 200 to a computer network. The network interface 230 may connect the map recognition system 200 to a computer network via a wireless or wired connection.

The database 250 includes a place name database (DB) storing and maintaining information necessary for map recognition, in particular, place name information. For example, the place name information is information on a POI (point of interest) The latitude and the longitude, which are position information of each place name, may be matched. Table 1 shows an example of a place name DB. Although FIG. 2 shows that the database 250 is included in the map recognition system 200, it is also possible to exist as an external database constructed on a separate system.

nomination Latitude Hardness Gangnam-gu Office 37.517319 127.047498 Gangnam Station 37.497984 127.027639 Mary Conventions Dottie Memorial Hospital 37.598214 126.928786 Myongji College 37.584667 126.925398 Water station 37.547765 126.922976 Sogang University 37.551727 126.941062 Sejong City Hall 36.592924 127.292382 Electronic hall 37.580984 126.888393

The processor 210 may be configured to process instructions of a computer program by performing basic arithmetic, logic, and input / output operations of the map recognition system 200. [ The instructions may be provided by the memory 240 or the network interface 230 and to the processor 210 via the bus 220. The processor 210 may be configured to execute the program code for the recognition unit 211, the search unit 212, and the provider 213. [ Such program code may be stored in a recording device such as memory 240. [

The recognition unit 211, the search unit 212, and the provider 213 may be configured to perform the steps S310 to S330 of FIG.

In step S310, the recognition unit 211 receives the map image from the user terminal as an input image, and recognizes the place name in the received map image. At this time, the user terminal can acquire an imaged map in various ways such as a camera photographing, a screen capture, and a map, and can input the imaged map to the map recognition system 200 as an input image. In other words, not only an electronic map but also a paper map such as a route map, a sightseeing map, a map imaged by a camera or a screen capture, and the like can be utilized as an input image for map recognition. Accordingly, the recognition unit 211 may extract the character region from the map image, and perform OCR on the extracted character region to recognize the character on the map image as a place name.

In step S320, the search unit 212 can search for and obtain the location on the actual map with respect to the place name recognized in step S310. In other words, the search unit 212 can search for a place name recognized in the map image through the OCR from the place name DB storing location information for each place name, and obtain the longitude and latitude, which are the locations of the place name.

In step S330, the provider 213 may provide the actual map area corresponding to the map image as the map recognition result based on the location information of each place name acquired through the location DB search in step S320. In other words, the provider 213 may provide the map information including the place name recognized as OCR as a recognition result of the map image. For example, the provider 213 compares the position on the map image with the location on the actual map obtained through the search of the place name DB with respect to the place name recognized in the map image, and calculates the center point (latitude / longitude) It is possible to calculate the boundary, and the map image recognition result can be displayed by calculating the level having the calculated center point and the boundary area and matching the size of the output screen.

The concrete process of recognizing place names in map images is as follows.

Hereinafter, it is assumed that a map as shown in FIG. 4 is input as an input image.

4) (hereinafter, referred to as an 'input image') through a camera or an image capturing from the user terminal. In order to recognize a place name, the recognition unit 211 first extracts a character region Can be extracted. Since characters have many corners, if the corners are concentrated in a narrow region, the character region can be extracted on the assumption that the probability of the character is high.

For example, the recognition unit 211 may detect a corner in the input image using a corner detector such as a Harris corner detector. 5 shows a result of detecting a corner in an input image using a Harris corner detector. Then, the recognition unit 211 may generate a grid of binary corner grid maps, and then process the markings on the cells where the corners exist in the binary corner grid map. 6 shows a result of marking a grid cell where a corner exists in a binary corner grid map. Then, the recognition unit 211 can perform noise removal and area expansion on the marked character area in the binary corner grid map using the binary image morphology. FIG. 7 shows a result of performing noise removal and area expansion on the marking image of FIG. 8, the recognition unit 211 may detect contours in the binary corner grid map and process the detected contours into a rectangular area. At this time, the rectangle 801 having a size smaller than the minimum size is used as a junk (junk) can be processed. In other words, as shown in FIG. 8, a rectangle 802 that satisfies the minimum size can be detected as a valid area, that is, a character area after the contour lines are grouped into a rectangle. 9, the recognition unit 211 expands the rectangle detected as the character region by a certain cell (e.g., one cell) vertically and horizontally, and determines the extended rectangular region 902 as the final character region . Finally, the recognition unit 211 performs OCR on the final character area and recognizes the read character in the corresponding area as a place name. At this time, in order to increase the accuracy of the OCR, it is possible to improve the accuracy of the OCR result by post-processing with the correction of the query word. FIG. 10 shows a result of OCR performed on a character region detected from an input image.

As described above, in the present embodiment, map recognition is performed using OCR technology, so that not only a specific map but also all kinds of maps such as a general paper map and a map can be recognized as well as an electronic map.

The concrete procedure for calculating the center point (latitude / longitude) and boundary of the area referred to by the map image is as follows.

The providing unit 213 may calculate the center point and the boundary area of the area referred to by the map image before providing the map recognition result.

In order to do this, the search unit 212 searches for a place name recognized as OCR in the place name DB, and obtains a place name on the actual map. FIG. 11 shows a place name on the actual map 1120 obtained through the location DB search with respect to the place name recognized in the input image.

Next, the providing unit 213 can obtain the slope between the center point and each place name in the input image 1210 as shown in FIG. In this specification, a straight line 1203 connecting a center point of an image and a center point of a place name is referred to as a 'nominal straight line'. The location of the location in the input image and the location of the location on the actual map may be erroneous due to misjudgment or image distortion. In consideration of this point, the provider 213 can obtain the intersection point between the designated lines by projecting the nominal straight line on the map area including the found location searched through the location DB search. In other words, as shown in Fig. 13, an extension line having a slope of the nominal straight line 1303 obtained in the input image is directly mapped to each nominal position acquired through the location DB search in the physical map 1320, and the nominal straight line 1303 Can be obtained. If the location of the location in the input image coincides with the location of the location on the actual map, the intersection between the location lines will match the center coordinates of the input image. However, even if the nomination position in the input image does not exactly match the nomination position on the actual map, most of the intersection points are concentrated in one place as shown in Fig. Based on this assumption, the providing unit 213 may obtain the center coordinates corresponding to the center of the input image on the actual map 1420. [ That is, the average value of the intersection points within a certain distance in the dense region 1408 of the distribution of the intersection points can be the center point on the map. For example, the calculator 213 calculates the distance between the intersections, calculates the average value of the remaining intersections excluding the noise when the distance between the intersections exceeds a certain threshold, regards the noise as noise, .

As shown in Fig. 15, the providing unit 213 compares the nominal straight line of the input image with the slope of the nominal straight line on the actual map with respect to each place name, and regards the place where the inclination exceeds a certain level as noise, The considered place name can be removed. That is, in the case of the place name 5 in FIG. 15, it can be seen that the inclination error is very large when comparing the nominal straight line 1503 in the input image and the nominal straight line 1504 in the actual map.

Next, the providing unit 213 can obtain the boundary on which the input image is displayed on the actual map by using the distance between the center point and the place name of the input image and the image size of the input image. In detail, the providing unit 213 calculates the distance ImgD between the center point and the place name of the input image 1610 and the width ImgW and the height ImgH of the input image 1610 based on the center point of the input image 1610, ), And calculate the distance MapD between the center point and the place name of the actual map 1720 as shown in Fig. The providing unit 213 uses the distance ImgD between the center point and the place name of the input image, the width ImgW and height ImgH of the input image, and the distance MapD between the center point and the place name of the actual map, You can calculate the width (MapW) and height (MapH) of the actual map you are referring to.

The width (MapW) and height (MapH) of the actual map can be defined by the proportional expressions as shown in the following equations (1) and (2).

17, the providing unit 213 calculates the width MapW and the height MapH on the actual map 1720 proportional to the input image 1710, Can be obtained.

Thus, the providing unit 213 can provide a map area having a border with the previously calculated map center point and a scale map corresponding to the size of the output screen, as an image recognition result. For example, a map area 1820 shown in FIG. 18 may be provided as a map image recognition result for the input image shown in FIG. 4. At this time, a map area 1820 corresponding to the recognition result corresponds to a location name recognized in the input image A POI 1806 may be included. Accordingly, the user terminal providing the input image can receive the map information including the recognized name from the input image from the map recognition system and display it as the recognition result of the input image.

Therefore, the map recognition system according to the present invention recognizes the place name through the OCR technology in the map image inputted by inputting the map image, and based on the recognized place name, displays the actual map area (latitude / longitude and boundary area) Can be found.

19 is a block diagram for explaining an example of the internal configuration of a computer system according to an embodiment of the present invention. The computer system 1900 includes at least one processor 1910, a memory 1920, a peripheral interface 1930, an input / output subsystem 1940, A power circuit 1950, and a communication circuit 1960. [ At this time, the computer system 1900 may correspond to a user terminal.

The memory 1920 can include, for example, a high-speed random access memory, a magnetic disk, a SRAM, a DRAM, a ROM, a flash memory, or a non-volatile memory. have. The memory 1920 may include software modules, a set of instructions, or various other data required for operation of the computer system 1900. At this point, accessing the memory 1920 from other components, such as the processor 1910 or the peripheral device interface 1930, may be controlled by the processor 1910.

Peripheral device interface 1930 may couple the input and / or output peripheral devices of computer system 1900 to processor 1910 and memory 1920. Processor 1910 may execute a variety of functions and process data for computer system 1900 by executing a software module or set of instructions stored in memory 1920.

The input / output subsystem 1940 may couple various input / output peripheral devices to the peripheral interface 1930. For example, the input / output subsystem 1940 may include a controller for coupling a peripheral, such as a monitor, keyboard, mouse, printer, or a touch screen or sensor, to the peripheral interface 1930 as needed. According to another aspect, the input / output peripheral devices may be coupled to the peripheral device interface 1930 without going through the input / output subsystem 1940.

The power circuitry 1950 may provide power to all or a portion of the components of the terminal. For example, the power circuitry 1950 may include one or more power supplies, such as a power management system, a battery or alternating current (AC), a charging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, And may include any other components for creation, management, distribution.

Communication circuitry 1960 may enable communication with other computer systems using at least one external port. Alternatively, as needed, communication circuitry 1960 may communicate with other computer systems by sending and receiving RF signals, also known as electromagnetic signals, including RF circuits.

19 is merely an example of a computer system 1900, and the computer system 1900 may include additional components not shown in FIG. 19, or some components shown in FIG. 19 may be omitted. Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > components. ≪ / RTI > For example, in addition to the components shown in FIG. 19, a computer system for a communication terminal in a mobile environment may further include a touch screen or a sensor, and may be connected to a communication circuit 1960 through various communication methods (WiFi, 3G, , Bluetooth, NFC, Zigbee, etc.). Components that may be included in computer system 1900 may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both hardware and software, including one or more signal processing or application specific integrated circuits.

The methods according to embodiments of the present invention may be implemented in the form of a program instruction that can be executed through various computer systems and recorded in a computer-readable medium.

The program according to the present embodiment can be configured as a PC-based program or an application dedicated to a mobile terminal. The map recognition app according to the present embodiment may be implemented as an independently operating program or as an in-app form of a specific application (e.g., a map service program) to operate on the specific application . ≪ / RTI >

In addition, the methods according to embodiments of the present invention can be performed by an application associated with the map recognition system by controlling the user terminal. Further, such an application can be installed in a user terminal through a file provided by a file distribution system. For example, the file distribution system may include a file transfer unit (not shown) for transferring the file at the request of the user terminal.

As described above, according to the embodiment of the present invention, by using the OCR technology, the place name is recognized in the map image and the map area referred to by the map image is searched based on the recognized place name, In addition, it can recognize all map images such as ordinary paper maps and maps. In addition, according to the embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to accurately recognize the map area referred to by the map image by utilizing the database including the location information without using the database of the entire terrain information of the map image by recognizing the map image based on the place name Can be found.

The apparatus described above may be implemented as a hardware component, a software component, and / or a combination of hardware components and software components. For example, the apparatus and components described in the embodiments may be implemented within a computer system, such as, for example, a processor, a controller, an arithmetic logic unit (ALU), a digital signal processor, a microcomputer, a field programmable gate array (FPGA) , A programmable logic unit (PLU), a microprocessor, or any other device capable of executing and responding to instructions. The processing device may execute an operating system (OS) and one or more software applications running on the operating system. The processing device may also access, store, manipulate, process, and generate data in response to execution of the software. For ease of understanding, the processing apparatus may be described as being used singly, but those skilled in the art will recognize that the processing apparatus may have a plurality of processing elements and / As shown in FIG. For example, the processing unit may comprise a plurality of processors or one processor and one controller. Other processing configurations are also possible, such as a parallel processor.

The software may include a computer program, code, instructions, or a combination of one or more of the foregoing, and may be configured to configure the processing device to operate as desired or to process it collectively or collectively Device can be commanded. The software and / or data may be in the form of any type of machine, component, physical device, virtual equipment, computer storage media, or device , Or may be permanently or temporarily embodied in a transmitted signal wave. The software may be distributed over a networked computer system and stored or executed in a distributed manner. The software and data may be stored on one or more computer readable recording media.

The method according to an embodiment may be implemented in the form of a program command that can be executed through various computer means and recorded in a computer-readable medium. The computer-readable medium may include program instructions, data files, data structures, and the like, alone or in combination. The program instructions to be recorded on the medium may be those specially designed and configured for the embodiments or may be available to those skilled in the art of computer software. Examples of computer-readable media include magnetic media such as hard disks, floppy disks and magnetic tape; optical media such as CD-ROMs and DVDs; magnetic media such as floppy disks; Magneto-optical media, and hardware devices specifically configured to store and execute program instructions such as ROM, RAM, flash memory, and the like. Examples of program instructions include machine language code such as those produced by a compiler, as well as high-level language code that can be executed by a computer using an interpreter or the like. The hardware devices described above may be configured to operate as one or more software modules to perform the operations of the embodiments, and vice versa.

While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments. For example, it is to be understood that the techniques described may be performed in a different order than the described methods, and / or that components of the described systems, structures, devices, circuits, Lt; / RTI > or equivalents, even if it is replaced or replaced.

Therefore, other implementations, other embodiments, and equivalents to the claims are also within the scope of the following claims.

200: Map recognition system
211:
212:
213: Offering

Claims (14)

A recognition unit for recognizing a character in an input image using a character recognition technique;
A search unit for searching for a place name corresponding to the character in a database including location information; And
And providing map information including the location name as a recognition result of the input image,
Lt; / RTI >
Wherein the providing unit comprises:
A map area corresponding to the input image is obtained by comparing the position of the character on the input image with the location of the place name on the actual map area including the place name to obtain the map area corresponding to the input image, What you provide as recognition results
The map recognition system comprising: The method according to claim 1,
Wherein,
Recognizing the character in the input image using an optical character reader (OCR)
The map recognition system comprising: The method according to claim 1,
Wherein,
Extracting a character candidate region from the input image, and performing an optical character reader (OCR) on the character candidate region to recognize the character
The map recognition system comprising: The method of claim 3,
Wherein,
Extracting the character candidate region using a corner detector for detecting a corner in the image
The map recognition system comprising: The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the database includes a place name on the map and the location information by the place name,
The search unit may search,
Searching for location information of a place name corresponding to the character
The map recognition system comprising: The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the providing unit comprises:
Comparing a position of the character on the input image with a position of the place name on the actual map area including the place name to obtain a center point and a boundary of the map area corresponding to the input image,
Providing the map area having the obtained center point and the boundary area as a recognition result for the input image
The map recognition system comprising: In a computer-implemented map recognition method,
Recognizing a character in an input image using a character recognition technique;
Searching for a place name corresponding to the character in a database including location information; And
Providing map information including the location name as a recognition result of the input image
Lt; / RTI >
Wherein the providing step comprises:
A map area corresponding to the input image is obtained by comparing the position of the character on the input image with the location of the place name on the actual map area including the place name to obtain the map area corresponding to the input image, What you provide as recognition results
And a map recognizing method. 8. The method of claim 7,
Wherein the recognizing comprises:
Recognizing the character in the input image using an optical character reader (OCR)
And a map recognizing method. 8. The method of claim 7,
Wherein the recognizing comprises:
Extracting a character candidate region from the input image; And
Performing an optical character reader (OCR) on the character candidate region to recognize the character
/ RTI > 8. The method of claim 7,
Wherein the database includes a place name on the map and the location information by the place name,
Wherein the searching comprises:
Searching for location information of a place name corresponding to the character
And a map recognizing method. 8. The method of claim 7,
Wherein the providing step comprises:
Comparing a position of the character on the input image with a position of the place name on the actual map area including the place name to obtain a center point and a boundary of the map area corresponding to the input image,
Providing the map area having the obtained center point and the boundary area as a recognition result for the input image
And a map recognizing method. A computer readable medium comprising instructions for controlling a computer system to provide a map recognition function,
The command includes:
Recognizing a character in an input image using a character recognition technique;
Searching for a place name corresponding to the character in a database including location information; And
Providing map information including the location name as a recognition result of the input image
The method comprising: controlling the computer system by a method comprising:
Wherein the providing step comprises:
A map area corresponding to the input image is obtained by comparing the position of the character on the input image with the location of the place name on the actual map area including the place name to obtain the map area corresponding to the input image, What you provide as recognition results
Gt; computer-readable < / RTI > A file distribution system for distributing a file of an application installed in a user terminal,
A file transfer unit for transferring the file according to a request of the user terminal,
Lt; / RTI >
The application comprises:
A module for recognizing characters in an input image using a character recognition technology;
A module for searching for a place name corresponding to the character in a database including location information; And
A module for providing map information including the place name as a recognition result of the input image,
/ RTI >
The providing module comprises:
A map area corresponding to the input image is obtained by comparing the position of the character on the input image with the location of the place name on the actual map area including the place name to obtain the map area corresponding to the input image, What you provide as recognition results
A file distribution system. At least one program loaded memory; And
At least one processor
Lt; / RTI >
Wherein the at least one processor, under control of the program,
A process of transmitting an input image to a map recognition system;
Receiving map information including a recognized name from the input image from the map recognition system; And
And displaying the map information as recognition results of the map image
Lt; / RTI >
The map recognition system recognizes a character in the input image using a character recognition technology, searches for a name corresponding to the character in a database including the location information, and provides map information including the location name,
Wherein the map recognition system compares a position of the character on the input image with a position of the place name on the actual map area including the place name to obtain a map area corresponding to the input image, As a recognition result of the input image
Lt; / RTI >

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