KR20160051555A - Battery using Ionic liquids(ILs) and manufacture method of the battery - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a battery using ionic liquids and a manufacturing method thereof. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the battery comprises: an upper structure; a lower structure; and an ionic liquids (ILs) layer formed between the upper and lower structures. The upper structure includes: an upper substrate; an upper electrode layer formed on the upper substrate; and a porous layer provided on the upper electrode layer. The porous layer includes a tourmaline, and adsorbs a dye as well.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a battery using ionic liquid,

The present invention relates to a battery using an ionic liquid and a method of manufacturing the same.

A cell is a device that converts the energy released by these changes into electrical energy by using the chemical or physical reaction of the material.

A cell using a chemical reaction is called a chemical cell, and a cell using a physical reaction is called a physical transfer. Generally, a chemical cell is more common.

A chemical cell can be divided into a primary cell and a secondary cell. The primary cell pre-charges the working material near the electrode and uses the electrical energy generated by the chemical change of the material.

After the chemical change of the agonist is over, it can not be regenerated because of its lifetime, and it is widely used as a battery.

The secondary battery discharges electric energy to supply the electric energy to the battery again after the change of the active material, so that the active material can be regenerated and recycled.

Physical cells include solar cells and thermal cells, and solar cells consist of semiconductor junctions that convert sunlight directly into electrical energy.

Particularly, interest in clean energy has recently increased, and interest in producing electric power using solar light has been greatly increased.

A device that produces electric power using solar energy is generally referred to as a solar cell or a solar cell. Solar cells can be classified into silicon solar cells and dye-sensitized solar cells depending on their operating modes.

Of these, dye-sensitized solar cells are attracting attention as next-generation solar cells because they can be manufactured at low cost, the materials used in the manufacture of solar cells are environmentally friendly, and the amount of emitted CO2 is small during the production of solar cells.

However, in the case of a dye-sensitized solar cell, only the light having the wavelength absorbed by the dye molecule is used for photoelectric conversion. Since the dye molecule exhibits a significantly lower absorption rate at the red wavelength than the absorption spectrum of general silicon, There is a disadvantage that the photoelectric conversion efficiency is lower than that of a battery, and thus a solution thereof is required.

Korea Patent Office Registration No. 10-0584680

Disclosure of Invention Technical Problem [8] The present invention has been made in order to solve the above problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a battery using an ionic liquid and a manufacturing method thereof.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description of the present invention are exemplary and explanatory and are not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. It can be understood.

A battery according to one aspect of the present invention for realizing the above-mentioned problems includes: an upper structure; A substructure; An upper electrode layer formed on the upper substrate, and an upper electrode layer formed on the upper electrode layer, wherein the upper structure comprises an upper substrate, an upper electrode layer formed on the lower substrate, Layer, and the porous layer includes a tourmaline, and the dye can be adsorbed.

Further, iron, magnetite, or permanent magnet powder may be additionally mixed into the porous layer.

Also, the upper substrate may be made of transparent paper or organic material.

In addition, the upper electrode layer may be formed of a conductive organic material or a mixture of a conductive organic material and a conductive inorganic material.

The lower structure may include a lower substrate and a lower electrode layer formed on the lower substrate.

The ionic liquid layer may include a first step of heating a crucible containing an organic material raw material to a sublimation point of the organic material raw material; A second step in which the sublimation gas of the organic material source generated in the first step is deposited on the ionic liquid; And a third step in which the sublimation gas is recrystallized in the ionic liquid.

The method may further include separating the recrystallized organic material from the ionic liquid after the third step.

In the third step, the temperature of the ionic liquid may be adjusted to control the solubility of the ionic liquid.

A battery according to another aspect of the present invention for realizing the above-mentioned problems includes a superstructure; A substructure; And an ionic liquids (ILs) layer formed between the upper structure and the lower structure, wherein the upper structure comprises an upper substrate and a porous layer formed on the upper substrate, Can comprise a mixture of a conductive organic material and a tourmaline powder and the dye can be adsorbed.

Further, iron, magnetite, or permanent magnet powder may be additionally mixed into the porous layer.

Also, the upper substrate may be made of transparent paper or organic material.

The lower structure may include a lower substrate and a lower electrode layer formed on the lower substrate.

In addition, the lower substrate may be made of paper or organic material.

The ionic liquid layer may include a first step of heating a crucible containing an organic material raw material to a sublimation point of the organic material raw material; A second step in which the sublimation gas of the organic material source generated in the first step is deposited on the ionic liquid; And a third step in which the sublimation gas is recrystallized in the ionic liquid.

The method may further include separating the recrystallized organic material from the ionic liquid after the third step.

In the third step, the temperature of the ionic liquid may be adjusted to control the solubility of the ionic liquid.

On the other hand, a battery in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention for realizing the above-mentioned problem has a lower structure and an upper structure, and has a layer of ionic liquids (ILs) between the lower structure and the upper structure , The ionic liquid layer may be configured with a separator.

In addition, the lower structure may include a first substrate and a lower electrode formed on the substrate.

In addition, the first substrate may be a paper or an organic substrate.

In addition, the lower electrode may be a conductive organic material.

The lower electrode may be a mixture of a conductive organic material and a conductive inorganic material.

In addition, the substructure may be composed of conductive paper.

The conductive paper may be formed by adsorbing a conductive organic material or a mixture of a conductive organic material and a conductive organic material on paper.

In addition, the separator may be made of paper.

Further, the separator may be composed of a fabric or a nonwoven fabric.

Also, the dye may be adsorbed on the separator.

Also, at least one through-hole may be formed in the separator.

In addition, the separator may comprise a plurality of layers.

The upper structure may include a second substrate, an upper electrode formed on the second substrate, and a porous layer formed on the upper electrode. The porous layer may include a dye adsorbed thereon.

The upper electrode may be a conductive organic material or a mixture of a conductive organic material and a conductive inorganic material.

Also, the upper structure may include a second substrate formed of paper, a porous layer formed on the second substrate, and a conductive organic material or a mixture of a conductive organic material and an inorganic material may be adsorbed on the second substrate, Can be adsorbed.

The ionic liquid layer may include a first step of heating a crucible containing an organic material raw material to a sublimation point of the organic material raw material; A second step in which the sublimation gas of the organic material source generated in the first step is deposited on the ionic liquid; And a third step in which the sublimation gas is recrystallized in the ionic liquid.

The method may further include separating the recrystallized organic material from the ionic liquid after the third step.

In the third step, the temperature of the ionic liquid may be adjusted to control the solubility of the ionic liquid.

Disclosure of Invention Technical Problem [8] Accordingly, the present invention has been made keeping in mind the above problems occurring in the prior art, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a battery using an ionic liquid and a manufacturing method thereof.

It should be understood, however, that the effects obtained by the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned effects, and other effects not mentioned may be clearly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs It will be possible.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to further the understanding of the technical idea of the invention, It should not be construed as limited.
1 is a conceptual diagram showing a constitutional relationship of an organic material refining apparatus using an ionic liquid in connection with the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows an example of a flow chart of a purification method using an organic material purification apparatus using the ionic liquid shown in FIG. 1.
3 is a conceptual diagram showing a constitutional relationship of an organic material refining apparatus using an ionic liquid in connection with the present invention.
4 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a general dye-sensitized solar cell according to the present invention.
5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the structure of a dye-sensitized solar cell using a tourmaline according to an embodiment of the present invention.
6 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the structure of a dye-sensitized solar cell using a tourmaline according to another embodiment of the present invention.
7 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the structure of a dye-sensitized solar cell using a tourmaline according to another embodiment of the present invention.
8 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the structure of a dye-sensitized solar cell using a tourmaline according to another embodiment of the present invention.
9 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the structure of a dye-sensitized solar cell using a tourmaline according to another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the structure of a general dye-sensitized solar cell according to the present invention.
11 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the structure of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
12 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the structure of a solar cell according to another embodiment of the present invention.
13 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the structure of a solar cell according to another embodiment of the present invention.
14 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the structure of a solar cell according to another embodiment of the present invention.
15 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the structure of a solar cell according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In addition, the embodiment described below does not unduly limit the content of the present invention described in the claims, and the entire structure described in this embodiment is not necessarily essential as the solution means of the present invention.

Ionic liquids (ILs) are organic salts with low melting point, no vapor pressure and high heat stability, which show good solubility in organic and inorganic compounds.

Due to these properties, ionic liquids (ILs) have been widely used in the biotechnology industry, medicine and chemical industry, and new material nano-fusion fields.

In particular, an ionic liquid can be utilized as a filter to purify an organic material.

This is explained using an OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diodes) display device.

Recently, OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diodes) display devices have been attracting attention as next generation display devices. This is because not only the high driving voltage required by the inorganic LED is required, but also the advantage of self-luminescence, thin film, fast response speed, wide viewing angle, and flexibility of various colors due to various organic compounds.

Such an OLED refers to a device that generates excitons in which holes and electrons are recombined in the light emitting layer to emit light, and emits light having a specific wavelength by energy from the generated excitons.

OLEDs are formed on a transparent glass substrate such as an anode, a hole injection layer (HIL), a hole transport layer (HTL), an organic emission layer (EML), an electron transport layer An electron transport layer (ETL), an electron injection layer (EIL), and a cathode are sequentially formed.

OLEDs require organic materials for light emission and charge transport. However, since the organic materials directly participate in the recombination of injected holes and electrons as well as the injection of electrons and holes, the purity of the organic materials plays an important role in determining the color, luminous efficiency and lifetime of the OLED.

That is, a small amount of impurities in the organic material increases the probability of disappearance of the injected charges, lowering the probability of recombination of holes and electrons, resulting in a decrease in luminous efficiency, as well as a new energy level due to the addition of impurities, .

Therefore, in order to achieve an electroluminescent device with high luminance, high efficiency, and long life, it is necessary to optimize the electroluminescent device structure, develop new materials excellent in hole (or electron) injection and transport properties, It is required to improve the purity of the organic material.

On the other hand, when purifying an organic material for OLED, a recrystallization method using a solvent or a recrystallization method by sublimation is generally used. The recrystallization method by sublimation has a characteristic that the organic material is sublimated and recrystallized under vacuum, so that no impurities are introduced. Therefore, a conventional sublimation purification method is generally used as a method for purifying an organic material for an organic electroluminescence device.

Here, sublimate refers to a gas-solid transition occurring at a temperature and pressure below the triple point in the phase equilibrium. Even if the material is pyrolyzed by heating at normal pressure, it is maintained in a state of not decomposing even at a relatively high temperature at a pressure lower than 1 point. In the sublimation apparatus capable of controlling the temperature gradient by using such a property, the operation of separating the sublimation point from the other sublimation state without heating the mixed substance by heating the mixed substance is called a vacuum sublimation method. Such a vacuum sublimation method is a pure physical method and is useful for the purification of an organic material for an OLED because it does not depend on the use of an auxiliary reagent or other chemical methods and thus has no contamination of a sample and has a large separation rate.

A conventional method for purifying an organic material for OLED, which is currently in use, is a train sublimation purification method. In this method, the material to be refined is placed at the end of a long hollow tube, and the tube is heated with a heater while the inside of the tube is evacuated by using a vacuum pump to make a temperature gradient across the tube. By doing so, the material can be separated using the difference in recrystallization position due to the difference in sublimation point between the material to be separated and the impurity. In some cases, nitrogen or inert gas, which does not react with the material constituting the purification apparatus, is flowed within a range in which the degree of vacuum does not significantly decrease from a high temperature side to a low temperature side, and is used as a carrier gas for transporting an organic material gas. Such transport gas serves to smoothly flow the organic material gas.

The organic material material is contained in the crucible, and the crucible is disposed on one side of the second quartz glass tube. On the other hand, the outside of the second quartz glass tube has a structure in which the first quartz glass tube surrounds. Here, the crucible is configured so as to have a pair of lids having holes, which are made of a stainless steel material and are fitted to both ends of a hollow cylindrical quartz tube, not shown, both ends of which are open.

The heater is installed so as to surround one side of the first quartz glass tube. At this time, the heater is installed at the corresponding position where the crucible is located. The vacuum pump is disposed on the other side of the second quartz glass tube and serves to keep the inside of the second quartz glass tube in a vacuum state.

The sublimation refining apparatus first vacuums the inside of the second quartz glass tube by using a vacuum pump and flows a small amount of the transportation gas over the entire second quartz glass tube provided with the vacuum pump to form a fine pressure gradient. When the temperature is gradually increased by using the heater 250, a temperature gradient is formed over the entire second quartz glass tube, and the temperature distribution formed at this time represents the shape of a normal distribution curve.

On the other hand, when the temperature of the crucible becomes higher than the sublimation point of the organic material raw material to be refined contained therein, the material starts to sublimate, and the formed gas molecules move to the outside of the crucible and then move in the direction in which the vacuum pump is installed by the pressure gradient Start. At this time, the impurities having a lower sublimation point than the organic material source remain in the crucible.

The gas molecules moving in the direction in which the vacuum pump is installed are again transferred to the solid phase in the section of the second quartz glass tube having the temperature lower than the sublimation point and are formed in the crystalline state on the inner surface of the second quartz glass tube.

 On the other hand, after the lapse of a predetermined time, the heating is stopped and the glass is slowly cooled. When the temperature is equal to the room temperature, the second quartz glass tube is disassembled and the purified material is scraped off and recovered.

However, since the organic material (refined material) used in the OLED must be in a high purity state with an extremely small impurity content, it is difficult to obtain a material having the required purity with a single purification.

In other words, the sublimation purification method has an advantage in that the raw material can be refined as an organic substance having high purity by using the difference in sublimation point of the organic material. On the other hand, when the refining process repeats sublimation-condensation, There is a problem that the yield of the final purified material is very low compared to the starting material since it is lost by the exhaust gas together with the inert gas.

Therefore, the energy consumed in the purification process is large, which causes a problem that the cost of the organic material finally increases.

In order to solve these problems, an organic material purification method and a purification apparatus using an ionic liquid capable of easily mass-purifying an organic material for OLED by using a stable ionic liquid as a filter in a vacuum can be used.

Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention In the following, preferred embodiments of a purification method and a purification apparatus for an organic material using an ionic liquid according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a conceptual diagram showing a constitutional relationship of an organic material refining apparatus using an ionic liquid in connection with the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1, the organic material refining apparatus 300 of this embodiment includes a sublimation unit in a vacuum atmosphere for heating and sublimating an organic material raw material for an OLED containing an impurity, A recrystallization means in a vacuum atmosphere for recrystallization in an ionic liquid, and a control means for controlling the operation of the sublimation means and the recrystallization means.

The sublimation means includes a crucible 310 for containing the organic raw material 311, a heating chamber 320 provided with a crucible 310 and having a predetermined internal volume, A first heater 312 for heating the crucible 310 and an inert gas supply source 360 connected to one side of the heating chamber 320 to supply an inert gas.

The recrystallization means includes a reservoir 340 in which the ionic liquid 341 is accommodated and a reservoir 340 in which one side communicates with the interior of the heating chamber 320 and the other side is immersed in the ionic liquid 341 in the reservoir 340 A drain pump 340 for discharging the gas collected on the ionic liquid 341 of the reservoir 340 to the outside of the reservoir 340, a conduit 330, a vacuum pump 350 for putting the inside of the reservoir 340 into a vacuum state, (353).

On the other hand, the heating chamber 320 and the storage tank 340 are connected to each other at the upper side, and a vacuum pump 350 is installed at the connection site.

The connection line of the vacuum pump 350 is provided with valves 351 and 352 for selectively communicating with the heating chamber 320 and the storage tank 340.

The ionic liquid 341 used for the purification of the organic material may be further provided on the upper side of the reservoir 340 to have an ionic liquid collector 370 for collecting the ionic liquid 341 through a purification process so as to be recyclable.

As the ionic liquid 341 according to this embodiment, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazorium bis (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) imide of Chemical Formula 1 is used, (BMIM TFSI) or 1-octyl-3-methylimidazorium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide (OMIM TFSI) of formula (2) Can be used. Alternatively, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazorium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide (EMIMTFSI) may be used.

Formula 1

(2)

Such ionic liquids (BMIM TFSI, OMIM TFSI, and EMIM TFSI) are nonvolatile organic solvents that are capable of dissolving organic compounds and impurities in ionic liquids more rapidly in supersaturation Due to the mechanism by which the organic material arrives first recrystallized, it can be used to purify and recrystallize various organic materials.

On the other hand, BMIM TFSI, OMIM TFSI and EMIM TFSI are low melting point, low vapor pressure, nonflammable, consist of organic molecular ions, And controllable properties by combinations of anions and cations.

The ionic liquid according to this embodiment is used for purifying and recrystallizing an organic material and is stable as a liquid phase at 100 to 120 ° C and 107 Torr and can be used as a solvent in a vacuum process.

As the organic material raw material 311 according to this embodiment, NPB (Naphthylen-1-yl) -N, N'-bis (phenyl) -benzidine, which is used as a hole transport layer (HTL) Materials can be used.

Here, NPB has a sublimation temperature of 180 ° C or higher. Therefore, when the crucible 310 in the heating chamber 320 is heated to 200 ° C or higher, it sublimes.

On the other hand, there are a variety of deposition materials (organic material raw materials) used for manufacturing OLED devices other than the above materials. Therefore, the present invention can use these various kinds of organic materials as raw materials.

The crucible 310 is installed on the bottom side of the heating chamber 320 and has a first heater 312 on the lower side.

In addition, the crucible 310 is configured to have a form capable of containing the organic raw material 311 to be refined therein.

Meanwhile, the connection conduit 330 is disposed such that one side thereof is connected to the upper portion of the heating chamber 320, and the other side thereof extends through the upper portion of the storage tank 340 and is immersed in the ionic liquid 341 . A second heater 331 may be further disposed around the connection conduit 330 to heat the connection conduit 330. The second heater 331 is connected to the connection conduit 330 so that the mixed sublimation gas 313 can maintain the sublimation point in the process of mixing the gas mixture into the ionic liquid 341 through the connection conduit 330. [ ) To heat the surroundings.

Further, a third heater 342 may be further installed under the reservoir 340. Here, the third heater 342 heats the ionic liquid 341 to control the solubility of the mixed sublimation gas 313 in the ionic liquid 341. Further, a discharge pump 353 may be further installed on the upper side of the reservoir 340. At this time, it is preferable that a valve 354 is additionally provided on the installation line of the discharge pump 353.

Further, an ionic liquid collecting unit 370 may be installed on the upper side of the reservoir 340. Here, the ionic liquid collector 370 serves to collect the ionic liquid 341 used for purifying the organic material through the separation and refining process with the impurities and the dissolved organic material so that the ionic liquid 341 can be recycled. A collection tube 371 fixed to the inner surface of the reservoir 340 and having a curved shape and a collection tube 372 secured to the inner surface of the reservoir 340 to collect the ionic liquid collected by the collection plate 371. [ .

Hereinafter, a method of purifying an organic material using the organic material refining apparatus of this embodiment will be described.

FIG. 2 shows an example of a flow chart of a purification method using an organic material purification apparatus using the ionic liquid shown in FIG. 1.

1 and 2, a crucible 310 containing an organic material raw material 311 is provided in the heating chamber 320 and an ionic liquid 341 is injected into the reservoir 340 in an appropriate amount After that, the heating chamber 320 and the reservoir 340 are evacuated by using a vacuum pump 350. Then, the crucible 310 is heated to the sublimation point of the organic material by using the first heater 312.

Then, a mixed sublimation gas 313 of an organic material in which an organic material and some impurities are mixed is obtained (S410).

In this state, an inert gas is supplied from the inert gas supply source 360 to the inside of the heating chamber 320. At this time, as the inert gas, nitrogen or argon gas which does not react with the material constituting the organic material refining apparatus 300 is used within a range in which the degree of vacuum does not significantly decrease. This inert gas serves to flow the mixed sublimation gas 313 into the ionic liquid 341 in the reservoir 340 and is mixed with the mixed sublimation gas 313 to become a mixed gas (S420).

As the pressure in the heating chamber 320 rises, the mixed gas thus formed is introduced into the ionic liquid 341 through the connection conduit 330 to form bubbles (S430). Meanwhile, in the process of mixing the mixed gas into the ionic liquid 341 through the connection conduit 330, the second heater 331 installed around the connection conduit 330 heats the periphery of the connection conduit 330 The mixed sublimation gas 313 can be incorporated into the ionic liquid 341 while maintaining the sublimation point.

On the other hand, the mixed gas mixed in the ionic liquid 341 forms bubbles while the mixed sublimable gas 313 in the bubbles is dissolved in the ionic liquid 341, and the inert gas is not dissolved in the ionic liquid 341 It floats out of the ionic liquid 341 and is collected on top of the reservoir 340. The inert gas collected in the upper part of the reservoir 340 is discharged to the reservoir 340 by the discharge pump 353 and recovered (S440). On the other hand, the inert gas discharged out of the reservoir 340 and returned may be returned to the inert gas supply source 360 through the inert gas return means to be recycled. Here, the inert gas returning means may be constructed using a general pump or the like.

When the mixed sublimation gas 313 is dissolved in the ionic liquid 341, since the content of the organic material to be purified with respect to the impurities is absolutely high, the organic material first reaches the supersaturated state and recrystallization is started first, 343) (S450). At this time, the solubility of the mixed sublimation gas 313 dissolved in the ionic liquid 341 can be controlled by using the third heater 342 provided at the lower part of the reservoir 340. Thus, the solubility of the ionic liquid 341 with respect to the mixed sublimation gas 313 can be controlled to control the degree of supersaturation of the organic material and the recrystallization speed of the organic material in the ionic liquid 341. The refining material 343 having a high purity precipitated in the ionic liquid 341 may be appropriately recovered from the heating chamber 320. For example, an opening / closing port may be formed at one side of the storage tank 340 and the tablet material 343 may be recovered through the opening / closing port.

After the purified material 343 having a high purity precipitated in the ionic liquid 341 is recovered as described above, the organic material dissolved in the ionic liquid 341 up to the degree of supersaturation contained in the mixed gas and a small amount of impurities This part will remain. Also, as the purification process proceeds, the impurity content in the ionic liquid 341 increases, and at a certain point, the impurity component also reaches the degree of supersaturation, so that impurities are mixed in the recrystallized organic material. At this point it is desirable to exchange the ionic liquid for the purification process with a high purity ionic liquid.

On the other hand, dissolved organic materials and impurities have different evaporation temperatures as compared with ionic liquids. That is, the evaporation temperature of the ionic liquid is lower than that of organic materials and impurities. By using these properties, it is possible to separately separate and purify the ionic liquid component. For this, when the third heater 342 is set to the evaporation temperature of the ionic liquid and heated, the ionic liquid evaporates and is collected in the collector 372 via the collector plate 371 of the ionic liquid collector 370 And only highly concentrated organic materials and impurities remain. The highly concentrated organic materials and impurities thus remained are separately collected and then subjected to a separation process between the organic material and the impurities through a reprocessing using a general solvent. Thereafter, the organic material having a certain degree of purity can be used as a raw material for recrystallization have. In addition, the ionic liquid recovered in the collection tube 372 can be returned to the inside of the reservoir 340 through the ionic liquid return means and recycled. Here, the ionic liquid returning means may be constituted by using a general pump or the like.

On the other hand, in the organic material refining apparatus 300 of this embodiment, the mixed gas is mixed into the ionic liquid 341 of the reservoir 340 and then the mixed sublimated gas 313 in the bubble comes into contact with the ionic liquid 341 And a bubble refining means for making the volume of the bubble smaller so as to be easily dissolved.

In addition, the organic material refining apparatus 300 of this embodiment may further include contact expanding means so that the mixed sublimation body 313 is easily contacted with the ionic liquid 341. For example, the mixed sublimation gas 313 may be mixed with the inert gas to induce the ionic liquid 341 to pass through the ionic liquid 341 for a predetermined time, thereby promoting dissolution of the sublimation gas.

3 is a conceptual diagram showing a constitutional relationship of an organic material refining apparatus using an ionic liquid in connection with the present invention.

3, the organic material refining apparatus 300A according to this embodiment has a configuration in which the shape of the reservoir 340A and the arrangement of the third heater 342A are partially modified so that the refining material 343A can be recovered smoothly The organic material refining apparatus 300 is constructed in the same manner as the organic material refining apparatus 300 described above. Therefore, in this embodiment, the same constituent elements are denoted by the same reference numerals, and a description thereof will be omitted.

The reservoir 340A of this embodiment is configured in the form of a funnel on the lower side and the reservoir 344 of the refining material 343A separately in the lower side. At this time, the collection box 344 is configured to be detachable and connectable to the lower end of the storage tank 340A. Therefore, the refined material 343A precipitated through the above-described process gradually accumulates in the collection tube 344.

Meanwhile, a valve 345 is provided at the lower portion of the reservoir 340A to control the movement of the ionic liquid by the recovery reservoir 344.

Therefore, when a certain amount of the refining material 343A is accumulated in the recovery tank 344, the valve 345 may be closed and the recovery tank 344 may be separated from the storage tank 340A to recover the purified material 343A.

The third heater 342A of this embodiment has the recovery vessel 344 at the lower portion of the storage tank 340A so that the purified material 343A can be smoothly So that it can be precipitated.

The above-mentioned ionic liquids can also be used for batteries.

In particular, ionic liquids can be used in solar cells.

Before describing the specific contents of the present invention, the structure of a general dye-sensitized solar cell will be described with reference to the drawings.

4 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a general dye-sensitized solar cell according to the present invention.

In the dye-sensitized solar cell, a lower structure and an upper structure are formed with an electrolyte layer (3) sandwiched therebetween.

The lower structure includes a lower substrate 1 made of glass or the like and a lower electrode layer 2 formed on the lower substrate 1. [ The lower electrode layer 2 is made of a conductive metal. Also, a platinum (Pt) layer may be formed on the lower electrode layer 2 as a catalytic metal layer.

The upper structure includes an upper substrate 6 made of, for example, tempered glass, and an upper electrode layer 5 and a porous layer 4 formed on the upper substrate 6. The upper electrode layer 5 is made of a transparent electrode such as SnO 2, and the porous layer 4 is made of, for example, a TiO 2 layer. A ruthenium (Ru) -based dye is adsorbed on the porous layer 4, for example.

As the upper electrode 15, a transparent conductive material such as ITO, TCO, FTO, or ZnO is used.

When the external light is incident on the upper substrate 6, the incident light is transmitted to the porous layer 4 through the upper substrate 6 and the upper electrode layer 5. The incident light excites the dye molecules adsorbed on the porous layer 4. In this excited state, electrons are injected from the dyes into the porous layer 4, and the thus injected electrons are diffused from the porous layer 4 to the upper electrode layer 5. [

On the other hand, electrons are provided from the electrolyte for dye molecules that lose electrons. The electrolyte is composed, for example, of iodine, which is oxidized to triiodide while providing electrons to the dye. The triiodide that has lost electrons is diffused to the anode, that is, the surface of the lower electrode layer 2, receives electrons flowing through the external circuit, and is again reduced to iodine. The thus reduced iodine is again supplied to the cathode, that is, ).

However, the TiO2 layer used as the porous layer 4 in the above structure is required to have a high temperature when it is formed. This results in a great restriction on the material of the upper substrate 6 and the upper electrode layer 5.

In the present invention, a tourmaline layer is formed instead of the porous layer (4). This tourmaline layer is formed of tourmaline powder.

Tourmaline is a borosilicate-based porous mineral called tourmaline, and there are various colors ranging from various colors such as red, yellow, green, and black to transparent ones.

Tourmaline is known to crush fine powders, for example, particles having a size of 0.3 mu m, and has an anode and a cathode, and generates electricity when heat or pressure is applied thereto. In addition, even when such external heat or pressure is not applied, a micro current of 0.06 mA is permanently discharged through the cathode. When such a tourmaline or tourmaline powder is brought into contact with a liquid such as water, the water is momentarily electrolyzed by the microcurrent discharged through the cathode, thereby making the periphery into an anion state.

Therefore, when a tourmaline is used to form a porous layer, the tourmaline is basically a porous mineral, so that the dye is easily adsorbed, and the adsorption amount thereof is greatly increased. Especially, when the porous layer is formed of tourmaline, A large amount of electrons are emitted from the tourmaline by the energy of the sunlight, so that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell is increased.

Also, since the tourmaline easily adsorbs the electrolyte, the contact area between the dye and the electrolyte is widened, so that the electron supply to the dye becomes smooth.

In addition, since the tourmaline layer can be easily formed even at a low temperature, the constraint on the substrate of the solar cell is eliminated.

5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the structure of a dye-sensitized solar cell using a tourmaline according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

In this embodiment, an upper electrode layer 5 is formed on the lower end of the upper substrate 6, and a porous layer 20 composed of tourmaline powder is formed on the lower end of the upper electrode layer 5. The porous layer 20 is formed by mixing the tourmaline powder with, for example, an organic solvent, applying the mixed solution onto the upper electrode layer 5 through an inkjet or screen printing method, applying heat to a predetermined temperature or lower, And then evaporating the solvent. The dye is adsorbed on the porous layer 20. The adsorption of the dye is carried out by immersing the upper substrate 6 on which the porous layer 20 is formed in the dye solution for a predetermined time or longer.

In another modification of this embodiment, a tourmaline powder is mixed with the dye solution to form a mixed solution. At this time, a large amount of dye is adsorbed on tourmaline powder. Then, the mixed solution is applied on the upper electrode layer 5 to form the porous layer 20.

Further, in another modification, a conductive paste or a conductive organic material may be preferably used. In this modified example, the tourmaline powder or the tourmaline powder on which the dye is adsorbed is mixed with the conductive paste or the conductive organic solution, and the mixture is applied on the upper electrode layer 5 to form the porous layer 20.

When the porous layer 20 is formed using a mixture of conductive organic material and tourmaline powder or the like, the upper electrode layer 5 may be removed and the porous layer 20 may be substituted for the upper electrode layer.

As the tourmaline used in this embodiment, a tourmaline having a transparent characteristic can be preferably used in consideration of light transmittance. However, it is possible to use a tourmaline having a suitable color in consideration of a light wavelength band absorbed by the dye.

The tourmaline powder may be mixed with iron, preferably magnetite or permanent magnet powder.

On the other hand, the role of the tourmaline can be replaced by ionic liquids (ILs).

In the above structure, when solar light is incident from the outside, dye molecules adsorbed on the porous layer 20 are excited to emit electrons, and the thus emitted electrons are transmitted to the upper electrode layer 5 to supply current to the outside The process is the same as the conventional structure.

On the other hand, in the structure of FIG. 5, when sunlight is incident from the outside, and accordingly the temperature of the porous layer 5 rises, a large amount of electrons are emitted from the tourmaline powder constituting the porous layer 4.

When the electrolyte is injected into the electrolyte layer 3 in the structure of FIG. 5, a large amount of electrolyte is absorbed into the tourmaline powder constituting the porous layer 20, thereby greatly increasing the contact area between the dye and the electrolyte.

At this time, ionic liquids (ILs) may be used for the electrolyte layer 3 and / or the porous layer 20.

Electrons emitted from the tourmaline powder by sunlight are either directly reduced to the dye or to reduce the triiodide of the electrolyte. Also, a considerable amount of electrons are transferred to the upper electrode layer 5. Accordingly, the supply of electrons to the dye becomes active, and the amount of electrons transferred from the porous layer 4 to the upper electrode layer 5 is greatly increased. That is, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell is greatly improved.

Further, in this embodiment, since the porous layer 30 can be formed at a low temperature, a transparent paper, preferably an organic substrate, can be used as the upper substrate 6. In this case, as the upper electrode layer 5, a conductive organic material or a mixture of the conductive organic material and the conductive inorganic material may be preferably used. In this case, since the expensive tempered glass is not used as the upper substrate 6, the manufacturing cost can be further reduced, and the weight of the solar cell is greatly reduced.

6 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the structure of a solar cell using a tourmaline according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

In Fig. 9, a tourmaline adsorption layer 30 for adsorbing tourmaline powder is provided. The tourmaline adsorption layer 30 is made of a material that easily absorbs or passes an electrolyte. As the tourmaline adsorption layer 30, fibers such as paper or nonwoven fabric, and more preferably transparent paper can be used.

As described above, ionic liquids (ILs) may be used at this time.

Here, the term " paper " includes a piece of paper made of pulp as the main material. In addition, a material containing paper such as paper, such as paper impregnated with a heat-resistant material such as ceramic or silicone, may be used.

The tourmaline powder and the dye are adsorbed on the tourmaline adsorption layer (30). The adsorption of the tourmaline powder and the adsorption of the dye can be carried out sequentially or simultaneously. In a simultaneous method, a mixture of tourmaline powder and a dye is used.

As described above, when a tourmaline powder is mixed with a dye solution, a large amount of dye is adsorbed on the tourmaline powder. When the tourmaline adsorption layer 30 is immersed in the mixed solution, the tourmaline powder is adsorbed on the adsorption layer 30.

In addition, iron, magnetite, or permanent magnet powder may be used together with the tourmaline powder.

The tourmaline adsorption layer 30 can be attached to the upper electrode layer 5 using, for example, a conductive paste. In this case, the tourmaline powder and the dye can be adsorbed to the tourmaline adsorption layer 30 after attaching the tourmaline adsorption layer 30 to the upper electrode layer 5. Of course, it is also possible to adsorb the tourmaline powder and the dye to the tourmaline adsorption layer 30 and then attach the tourmaline powder and the dye to the upper electrode layer 5.

In another preferred embodiment, the upper electrode layer 5 may be formed on the tourmaline adsorption layer 30. In this case, the upper substrate 6 can be preferably removed. In addition, a protective layer may be provided on the upper side of the tourmaline adsorption layer 30 instead of the upper substrate 6. The protective layer may preferably be made of a material having good light transmittance. As the protective layer, for example, a silicone resin or an epoxy resin can be used.

When paper is used as the tourmaline adsorption layer 30, a conductive material having a transparent property such as ITO, TCO, FTO, ZnO, CNT (Carbon Nano Tube), and graphene may be used as the upper electrode layer 5. [ In the case of forming the upper electrode layer 5 using these metal oxides, a vacuum deposition method can be preferably used. At this time, it is also preferable to remove moisture and air adsorbed on the paper by heat-treating the paper in a vacuum state or an inert gas atmosphere such as argon (Ar), neon (Ne) or the like before performing the vacuum deposition. When the upper electrode layer 5 is formed using graphene or the like, an inkjet method or a screen printing method can be used.

As the upper electrode layer 5, a conductive organic material or a mixture of a conductive organic material and a conductive inorganic material may be used. Such an organic material or a mixture can be formed by an inkjet method, a screen printing method, or the like.

Since the other parts are the same as those of the embodiment of FIG. 8 described above, substantially the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

In this embodiment, since the porous layer is formed by using the tourmaline adsorption layer 30, the tourmaline powder layer can be formed more easily and stably.

At this time, the above-described ionic liquids (ILs) can be used for the electric-absorbing layer 30.

In addition, since the glass substrate used as the upper substrate 6 can be removed in this embodiment, the weight of the solar cell can be reduced, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

7 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the structure of a dye-sensitized solar cell using a tourmaline according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

In this embodiment, an electrolyte absorbing layer 40 is provided on a lower structure composed of a lower substrate 1 and a lower electrode layer 2. At this time, as the electrolyte absorbing layer 40, a material which easily absorbs or passes the electrolyte is used. As the electrolyte absorbent layer 40, fibers such as paper or nonwoven fabric may be used.

On the upper side of the electrolyte absorbing layer 40, a tourmaline powder layer 41 on which a dye is adsorbed is provided. Of course, in this case also, the tourmaline powder layer 41 may be mixed with iron, magnetite or permanent magnet powder. An upper structure having an upper substrate 6 and an upper electrode layer 5 is provided on the tourmaline powder layer 41.

In the case of constructing the solar cell according to this embodiment, first, the lower structure and the upper structure are formed by a conventional method. A tourmaline powder layer 41 is formed by placing an electrolyte absorbing layer 40 on the upper side of the lower structure and applying a tourmaline powder having a dye adsorbed on the upper side of the electrolyte absorbing layer 40. Then, the upper structure is placed on the tourmaline powder layer 41, and the electrolyte is absorbed and sealed in the electrolyte absorbing layer 40 to complete the solar cell. When the electrolyte is introduced into the electrolyte absorbing layer 40, it is preferable that the tourmaline powder layer 41 is sufficiently injected so that the electrolyte can be sufficiently adsorbed.

In this embodiment, when the solar cell is manufactured, since the electrolyte absorbing layer 40, the tourmaline powder layer 41 and the upper structure can be sequentially formed on the lower structure, the solar cell can be manufactured very easily .

In addition, since the electrolyte is stably held by the electrolyte absorbent layer 40, the airtightness of the solar cell is greatly simplified.

8 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the structure of a dye-sensitized solar cell according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

In the drawing, reference numeral 50 denotes an upper structure constituted on the upper side of the electrolyte layer 3. This superstructure 50 adopts the configuration described in the embodiment of Figs. 8 to 5.

On the other hand, in the present embodiment, paper is employed as the lower substrate 51. In this case, as the paper, all of the paper made of pulp as the main material and the paper impregnated with the heat-resistant material such as ceramic or silicone can be used.

As the lower substrate 51, an organic material may be employed. Examples of organic materials usable herein include polyimide (PI), polycarbonate (PC), polyethersulfone (PES), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene terephthalate (TP), polyarylate (PAR), polyacetal (POM), polyvinylidene chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), ethylene copolymer, polypropylene ), Polyphenylene oxide (PPO), polysulfone (PSF), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), polyvinyl acetate (PVAC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL) (PS), an AS resin, an ABS resin, a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), a fluororesin, a phenol resin (PF), a melamine resin (MF), a urea resin (UF), an unsaturated polyester (EP), diallyl phthalate resin (DAP), polyurethane (PUR), polyamide (PA), silicone resin (SI) Water may be used.

A lower electrode layer 52 is formed on the lower substrate 51. The lower electrode layer 52 may be formed of a conductive inorganic material such as gold, silver, aluminum, platinum or the like or a metal oxide or a conductive polymer such as polyaniline, poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT: PSS ), Or a mixture of a conductive organic material and a conductive inorganic material can be used.

As the lower electrode layer 52, a multilayer structure including a platinum (Pt) layer may be used.

If a seed or an organic material is used as the lower substrate 51, a conductive organic material or a mixture of a conductive inorganic material (metal) and a conductive organic material may be used as the first electrode layer 52. Such an electrode layer is formed using, for example, an inkjet method or a screen printing method.

Further, the mixed solution of the conductive metal and the conductive organic material is produced, for example, by mixing the conductive metal solution or the conductive metal oxide powder with the conductive organic solution.

When a lower electrode layer 52 made of a metal is formed on a lower substrate 51 made of paper, for example, a vacuum deposition method is used. At this time, the lower substrate 51 is subjected to heat treatment in a vacuum state or an inert gas atmosphere such as argon (Ar) or neon (Ne) before forming the lower electrode layer 52, It is also desirable to remove the air.

And the other portions are substantially the same as those of the above-described embodiment.

In this embodiment, a flexible solar cell is provided because the lower substrate 51 uses a species or an organic material. In addition, since the size of the paper or organic substrate according to the present embodiment is not limited, it is possible to realize a large area solar cell.

9 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the structure of a dye-sensitized solar cell according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

In the present embodiment, paper is used as the lower substrate 51, and a lower electrode layer 52 is formed below the lower substrate 51. Since the other portions are substantially the same as those in the embodiment of Fig. 8, the same portions are denoted by the same reference numerals, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

In this embodiment, a lower substrate 51 made of paper is formed at a portion adjacent to the electrolyte layer 3. Therefore, when the electrolyte is injected into the electrolyte layer 3, the electrolyte is adsorbed on the lower substrate 51.

When the electrolyte is adsorbed on the paper constituting the lower substrate 51, the paper and the lower electrode layer 52 are electrically coupled to each other, so that the paper, that is, the lower substrate 51 is set to the same potential state as the lower electrode 52. Also, since paper is made of fibrous material, a large amount of electrolyte is brought into electrical contact with the paper.

At this time, the above-described ionic liquids (ILs) may be applied instead.

Accordingly, a large amount of triiodide is reduced through the lower substrate 51, and a large amount of electrons are supplied to the dye by the reduced iodine, so that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell is greatly improved.

Also, in this embodiment, both the lower structure and the upper structure are easily formed into a large area and are made of a flexible material, so that a flexible and large-area solar cell can be realized.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications may be made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention. For example, the lower electrode layer 52 may be adsorbed to the lower substrate 51 in the embodiment of FIGS. 8 and 9, and the lower substrate 51 may be formed by adsorbing conductive metal powder or the like It is possible.

10 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a general dye-sensitized solar cell.

In the dye-sensitized solar cell, the lower structure and the upper structure are formed with the electrolyte layer 3 therebetween.

Here, the substructure includes a lower substrate 1 made of, for example, glass or the like, and a lower electrode 2 formed on the lower substrate 1. The lower electrode 2 is made of, for example, platinum (Pt).

The upper structure includes an upper substrate 6 made of, for example, glass or the like, an upper electrode 5 formed on the upper substrate 6, and a porous layer, that is, a TiO2 layer 4. The upper electrode 5 is made of, for example, a transparent electrode such as SnO 2, and a ruthenium (Ru) dye is adsorbed on the TiO 2 layer 4.

When the external light is incident through the upper electrode 5, the incident light is transmitted to the TiO 2 layer 4 through the upper substrate 6 and the upper electrode 5. When external light is transmitted as described above, the dye molecules adsorbed on the TiO2 layer 4 are excited. In this excited state, electrons are injected from the dyes into the TiO 2 layer 4, and thus the injected electrons are diffused from the TiO 2 layer 4 to the upper electrode 5.

On the other hand, electrons are provided from the electrolyte for dye molecules that lose electrons. The electrolyte is composed, for example, of iodine, which is oxidized to triiodide while providing electrons to the dye. The triiodide lost the electrons is diffused to the anode, that is, the surface of the lower electrode 2, receives electrons flowing through the external circuit, and is reduced again to iodine. The thus reduced iodine is again supplied to the cathode, that is, ).

In the above-described dye-sensitized solar cell, a certain amount of electrolyte is required to supply sufficient electrons to the dye. However, when the amount of electrolyte is increased, the distance between the upper electrode 5 and the lower electrode 2 is increased, so that the oxidation and reduction reaction of iodine can not be performed smoothly. When the oxidized triiodide is accumulated around the upper electrode 5, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell is lowered due to the recombination of electrons generated from the dye and the triiodide.

11 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a solar cell according to the first embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 10, the separator 31 is provided on the electrolyte layer 3 into which the electrolyte is injected. The separator 31 is made of, for example, paper. The separator 31 is made of a fiber layer such as a fabric or a nonwoven fabric. Here, the term " paper " includes any paper made using pulp as the main material, and a material containing such paper, for example, a paper in which a heat resistant material such as ceramic or silicone is infiltrated.

At this time, the above-described ionic liquids (ILs) may be used.

Since the other parts are substantially the same as those in Fig. 10, the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

In this embodiment, the iodine and the triiodide are disposed adjacent to each other with the separator 31 provided at the middle portion of the electrolyte layer 3 as a center, so that the separator 31 acts as a virtual electrode . That is, the separator 31 acts as an anode for the upper electrode 5 and as a cathode for the lower electrode 2.

The oxidation and reduction reactions occur between the iodine and the triiodide displaced around the separator 31. That is, the triiodide diffused downward from the upper electrode 5 is reduced to iodine by taking electrons from the lower iodine in the separator 31, and the iodine diffused upward from the lower electrode 2 is isolated And is oxidized to triiodide after losing electrons to the upper iodide in the plate 31.

The thus reduced and oxidized iodine and triiodide are diffused to the upper electrode 5 and the lower electrode 2 again.

That is, in the above-described embodiment, the distance between the upper electrode 5 and the lower electrode 2 is narrowed as much as possible while supplying a sufficient amount of electrolyte to the electrolyte layer 3, so that current flows smoothly between the two electrodes .

In the case of manufacturing the solar cell according to the present embodiment, the lower structure composed of the lower substrate 1 and the lower electrode 2 is formed in the same manner as in the conventional method. Then, a dye is adsorbed on the TiO2 layer 4 after forming the upper structure composed of the upper substrate 6, the upper electrode 5 and the TiO2 layer 4 as in the conventional method.

Then, the upper and lower structures are coupled with the separator 31 interposed therebetween, and the electrolyte is injected and sealed to the electrolyte layer 3 to complete the solar cell.

In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the dye is adsorbed on the separator 31.

When the dye is adsorbed to the separator 31, the external light not absorbed by the dye adsorbed on the TiO 2 layer 4 of the upper layer is absorbed by the dye adsorbed on the separator 31. As described above, the dye that absorbs light is excited, and electrons are generated. The generated electrons are transferred to the triiodide that is diffused and moved downward from the side of the upper electrode 5, and the dye is reduced to iodine do,

The dye thus loses electrons absorbs electrons from iodine diffused and moved upward from the lower electrode 2 side.

That is, in the present embodiment, the dye adsorbed on the separator 31 makes very smooth the electron transfer between the iodine on the lower side of the separator 31 and the triiodide on the upper side of the separator 31. That is, in the solar cell, the flow of electrons from the lower electrode 2 to the upper electrode 5 becomes smooth, thereby increasing the efficiency of the solar cell.

In the case of manufacturing the solar cell according to the present embodiment, the separator 31 is disposed before the separator 31 is immersed in the dye solution for a predetermined period of time, And the dye is adsorbed on the dye layer 31. The other process is substantially the same as the embodiment shown in Fig.

12 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the structure of a solar cell according to a second embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the separator 40 is provided at the middle portion of the electrolyte layer 3, and the separator 40 has the two-layered laminated structure 41, 42.

In this embodiment, the first layer 41 of the separator 40 is made of paper, cloth or non-woven fabric, and the second layer 42 is a conductive layer such as a metal, Is composed of platinum (Pt). Of course, the material constituting the second layer 42 is not limited to a specific material, and a conductive inorganic material such as gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), or the like can be used. As the material constituting the second layer 2, a conductive organic material may be used, and a mixture of a conductive organic material and a conductive inorganic material may be preferably used.

At this time, as the conductive organic material that can be used, for example, a mixture or compound such as polyaniline, poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT: PSS) based on a conductive polymer is used.

When paper is used as the first layer 41 and a conductive metal is used as the second layer 42, the second layer 42 may be formed by vacuum deposition on the first layer 41 .

When a conductive organic material or the like is used as the second layer 42, an inkjet method, a screen printing method, or the like can be used.

In the preferred embodiment of FIG. 12, the dye is adsorbed on the first layer 41. In another preferred embodiment of FIG. 12, the second layer 42 is formed in a mesh structure so that the electrolyte can easily move through the separator 40.

In this embodiment, electrons absorbed from iodine in the first layer 41 are rapidly transferred to the second layer 42, so that triiodide, which has lost electrons in the first layer 41, It is possible to effectively prevent recombination with the electrons of the electron transporting layer to be reduced.

In the present embodiment, it is also preferable that the separating plate 40 is made of a single layer by adsorbing a conductive organic substance or a conductive organic substance and a conductive inorganic substance on a paper substrate constituting the first layer 41. In this case, it is also preferable that the dye is adsorbed to the separator 40 by mixing the conductive organic material solution or the mixed solution thereof with the dye.

Also, when the conductive material is adsorbed to the first layer 41, it is preferable that at least ten through holes are formed so that the electrolyte located above and below the separator 40 can smoothly move.

Further, the above-described ionic liquids (ILs) may be used in each of these configurations.

13 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure of a solar cell according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

In this embodiment, the separator 50 is provided at the middle portion of the electrolyte layer 3, and the separator 50 has the three-layered structure 51 to 53.

The first layer 51 is a substrate. As this substrate, for example, paper, cloth, or nonwoven fabric is used. In a preferred embodiment, the dye is adsorbed on the first layer 41. As the first layer 51, an organic substrate may be used.

A PN junction structure is formed on the first layer 51. At this time, in the PN junction structure, the second layer 52 is formed as an N-type layer and the third layer 53 is formed as a P-type layer so that electrons are transferred from the lower side to the upper side. The PN junction structure is composed of a semiconductor material.

The semiconductor material usable herein may be a mixture of an inorganic semiconductor material and an organic semiconductor material, or an inorganic semiconductor material and an organic semiconductor material. Also, in the preferred embodiment, as the semiconductor material, an oxide semiconductor of a transparent material may be used so that external light introduced through the upper structure can reach the dye adsorbed to the first layer 51. Since this oxide semiconductor passes visible light and absorbs ultraviolet light, the visible light of external light introduced from the upper structure is directly passed downward.

As the oxide semiconductor material, a compound made of ZnO, InO, GaO, SnO, etc. and a combination thereof can be used. These semiconductor materials are mixed with other metals and function as P-type or N-type semiconductor materials.

Also, in one preferred embodiment of the present embodiment, the separator 50 is formed with a plurality of through holes so that the electrolyte on the upper side and the electrolyte on the lower side can be smoothly moved.

In this embodiment, a voltage difference is generated between the electrolyte existing on the lower side of the separator 50 and the electrolyte located on the upper side of the separator 50, and the electrons are injected upward through the PN junction structure . And the electrons thus transferred are used to reduce the upper triiodide.

In addition, the PN junction structure constituting the separator 50 absorbs external light to generate electrons, which are similarly used to reduce the upper triiodide.

Therefore, in this embodiment, the photoelectric conversion efficiency with respect to the external light is further enhanced, and the flow of electrons from the lower electrode 2 to the upper electrode 5 becomes smooth, so that the efficiency of the solar cell is greatly improved.

14 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the structure of a solar cell according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. In Fig. 14, paper is used as the lower substrate 61. Fig. A lower electrode 62 is formed on the lower substrate 61. As the lower electrode 62, a conductive organic material or a mixture of a conductive organic material and a conductive inorganic material is used in addition to the conductive metal.

When the lower electrode 62 made of a conductive metal is formed on the paper substrate 61, for example, a vacuum evaporation method is used. When a conductive organic material or a mixture of a conductive organic material and a conductive inorganic material is used on the paper substrate 61, an inkjet method, a screen printing method, or a spin coating method is used.

As the lower substrate 61, an organic substrate may be used. Examples of organic materials usable herein include polyimide (PI), polycarbonate (PC), polyethersulfone (PES), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene terephthalate Polypropylene (PP), propylene copolymer, poly (4-methyl-1-pentene) (TPX), polyarylate (PAR), polyacetal (POM), polyethylene (PE), ethylene copolymer, , Polyphenylene oxide (PPO), polysulfone (PSF), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), polyvinyl acetate (PVAC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL) (PS), an AS resin, an ABS resin, a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), a fluororesin, a phenol resin (PF), a melamine resin (MF), a urea resin (UF), an unsaturated polyester (UP) EP), diallyl phthalate resin (DAP), polyurethane (PUR), polyamide (PA), silicone resin (SI) Can be used.

When an organic material is used for the lower substrate 61, a conductive organic material or a mixture of a conductive organic material and a conductive inorganic material is preferably used for the lower electrode 62.

The separator (60) is provided in the electrolyte layer (3). The separator 50 may be any of the structures mentioned in the above embodiments.

Since the other parts are substantially the same as those of the above-described embodiment, the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

15 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure of a solar cell according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

In the present embodiment, the lower electrode is removed while using the conductive paper as the lower substrate 70. In this case, the conductive paper is formed by adsorbing a conductive organic material on paper, more preferably a mixture of conductive organic material and conductive inorganic material. Generally, when an organic material and an inorganic material are mixed to form a mixture layer, cracks may be generated in a bonding portion between the organic material and the inorganic material. However, when such a mixed material is adsorbed, the fibers of the paper strongly bind the organic material and the inorganic material, so that the risk of occurrence of cracks is remarkably lowered.

In this embodiment, a conductive organic material, preferably a mixture of a conductive organic material and a conductive inorganic material, is adsorbed on the upper substrate 80 by using paper as the upper substrate 80. And the conventional upper electrode is removed. At this time, when the upper substrate 80 is manufactured, the TiO2 layer 4 is first formed on paper, and then the conductive conductive organic material or the mixture of the conductive organic material and the conductive inorganic material is adsorbed on the paper.

When the organic material is adsorbed on the paper, it functions as a path for transmitting the external light of the organic substance bound to the paper, so that the light transmittance of the paper is greatly increased.

Since the other parts are the same as those in the above embodiment, the same reference numerals are given to substantially the same parts as those in the above embodiment, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

In this embodiment, a conductive substrate is used as the lower substrate 70 and the upper substrate 80. Conventional silicon or glass substrates are disadvantageous in that they are difficult to increase in area and have no flexibility. On the other hand, the substrates 70 and 80 according to the present invention use paper as a base material, so that it is possible to provide a solar cell having a large area and excellent flexibility, so that a flexible solar cell can be provided.

The embodiments according to the present invention have been described above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications may be made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention.

The present invention can also be embodied as computer-readable codes on a computer-readable recording medium. A computer-readable recording medium includes all kinds of recording apparatuses in which data that can be read by a computer system is stored. Examples of the computer-readable recording medium include a ROM, a RAM, a CD-ROM, a magnetic tape, a floppy disk, an optical data storage device, and the like, and may be implemented in the form of a carrier wave (for example, transmission over the Internet) . In addition, the computer-readable recording medium may be distributed over network-connected computer systems so that computer readable codes can be stored and executed in a distributed manner. In addition, functional programs, codes, and code segments for implementing the present invention can be easily inferred by programmers of the technical field to which the present invention belongs.

It should be noted that the above-described apparatus and method are not limited to the configurations and methods of the embodiments described above, but the embodiments may be modified so that all or some of the embodiments are selectively combined .

Claims (19)

A superstructure;
A substructure;
And an ionic liquids (ILs) layer formed between the upper structure and the lower structure,
The upper structure includes an upper substrate, an upper electrode layer formed on the upper substrate, and a porous layer provided on the upper electrode layer,
Wherein the porous layer comprises a tourmaline, and the dye is adsorbed. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the porous layer is further mixed with iron, magnetite, or permanent magnet powder. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the upper substrate is made of transparent paper or an organic material. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the upper electrode layer comprises a conductive organic material or a mixture of a conductive organic material and a conductive inorganic material. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the lower structure comprises a lower substrate and a lower electrode layer formed on the lower substrate. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the ionic liquid layer comprises
A first step of heating a crucible containing an organic material raw material to a sublimation point of the organic material raw material;
A second step in which the sublimation gas of the organic material source generated in the first step is deposited on the ionic liquid; And
And a third step in which the sublimation gas is recrystallized in the ionic liquid. The method according to claim 6,
And separating the recrystallized organic material from the ionic liquid after the third step. The method according to claim 6,
Wherein the third step regulates the temperature of the ionic liquid to control the solubility of the ionic liquid. A superstructure;
A substructure; And
And an ionic liquids (ILs) layer formed between the upper structure and the lower structure,
The upper structure includes an upper substrate and a porous layer formed on the upper substrate,
Wherein the porous layer comprises a mixture of a conductive organic material and tourmaline powder, and the dye is adsorbed. 10. The method of claim 9,
Wherein the porous layer is further mixed with iron, magnetite, or permanent magnet powder. 10. The method of claim 9,
Wherein the upper substrate is made of transparent paper or an organic material. 10. The method of claim 9,
Wherein the lower structure comprises a lower substrate and a lower electrode layer formed on the lower substrate. 10. The method of claim 9,
Wherein the lower substrate is made of paper or an organic material. 10. The method of claim 9,
Wherein the ionic liquid layer comprises
A first step of heating a crucible containing an organic material raw material to a sublimation point of the organic material raw material;
A second step in which the sublimation gas of the organic material source generated in the first step is deposited on the ionic liquid; And
And a third step in which the sublimation gas is recrystallized in the ionic liquid. 15. The method of claim 14,
And separating the recrystallized organic material from the ionic liquid after the third step. 15. The method of claim 14,
Wherein the third step regulates the temperature of the ionic liquid to control the solubility of the ionic liquid. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the ionic liquid layer comprises
A first step of heating a crucible containing an organic material raw material to a sublimation point of the organic material raw material;
A second step in which the sublimation gas of the organic material source generated in the first step is deposited on the ionic liquid; And
And a third step in which the sublimation gas is recrystallized in the ionic liquid. 18. The method of claim 17,
And separating the recrystallized organic material from the ionic liquid after the third step. 18. The method of claim 17,
Wherein the third step regulates the temperature of the ionic liquid to control the solubility of the ionic liquid.

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