KR20160050490A - Method for symbol modulation, method and apparatus for control of array antenna - Google Patents

Method for symbol modulation, method and apparatus for control of array antenna Download PDF

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KR20160050490A
KR20160050490A KR1020140148692A KR20140148692A KR20160050490A KR 20160050490 A KR20160050490 A KR 20160050490A KR 1020140148692 A KR1020140148692 A KR 1020140148692A KR 20140148692 A KR20140148692 A KR 20140148692A KR 20160050490 A KR20160050490 A KR 20160050490A
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South Korea
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parasitic elements
combination
array antenna
reactance
antenna
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KR1020140148692A
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Korean (ko)
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이용호
이승환
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한국전자통신연구원
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/20—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for modulating a symbol in a high-dimension by effectively controlling parasitic elements arranged in an array antenna in a multi-dimension. A method for controlling an array antenna comprises the steps of: calculating a mutual impedance matrix between a plurality of parasitic elements included in the array antenna; combining the mutual impedance matrix and a reactance load connected to the plurality of parasitic elements; and controlling the plurality of parasitic elements based on the combination of the mutual impedance matrix and the reactance load. The method for modulating a symbol comprises the steps of: determining at least one current combination corresponding to a modulation symbol in the array antenna; searching for the combination of the reactance load which determines the at least one current combination; and modulating a symbol through the combination of the reactance load.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a symbol modulation method,

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for controlling an array antenna, and a method for modulating a symbol through an array antenna.

 A multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology is a technique for increasing the channel capacity of wireless communication by using multiple antennas at the transmitting and receiving end of wireless communication. Theoretically, the MIMO channel capacity increases linearly in proportion to the number of transmit / receive antennas. Therefore, it is the next generation wireless transmission technology that can dramatically increase the utilization efficiency of limited frequency resources. The IEEE 802.11ac, WiMAX and Long Term Evolution long term evolution, LTE).

In order to increase the capacity of a wireless channel, there must be a mismatch between MIMO channel paths. For this purpose, each element of the multiple antennas should be separated by a half wavelength or more of the radio wave. The spatial limitation of the MIMO antenna limits the number of antenna elements that can be disposed in a limited space, and thus it is difficult to implement the MIMO technique in a portable communication device.

In addition, multiple RF chains are required in proportion to the number of antenna elements for transmitting / receiving signal processing. If the number of RF chains increases, it is difficult to increase the power consumption of the portable communication device and realize hardware. Therefore, research is underway to implement MIMO technology by replacing multiple antennas with array antennas based on a single RF chain.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for effectively modulating a symbol in a high dimensional manner by effectively controlling a multi-dimensionally arranged parasitic element in an array antenna.

According to one aspect of the invention, a method of controlling an array antenna is provided. The array antenna control method includes the steps of calculating an mutual impedance matrix between a plurality of parasitic elements included in an array antenna, combining a mutual impedance matrix and a reactance load connected to a plurality of parasitic elements, and combining the mutual impedance matrix and the reactance load And controlling the plurality of parasitic elements based on the combination.

In the array antenna control method, the reactance load may be connected to a plurality of parasitic elements, respectively.

The step of controlling in the array antenna control method may include calculating a current value to be input to the plurality of parasitic elements through a combination of the mutual impedance matrix and the reactance load.

According to another aspect of the present invention, an apparatus for controlling an array antenna is provided. The array antenna control apparatus includes a matrix calculator for calculating an mutual impedance matrix between a plurality of parasitic elements included in the array antenna, a mutual impedance matrix and a reactance load connected to the plurality of parasitic elements, and the mutual impedance matrix and the reactance load And a control unit for controlling the plurality of parasitic elements based on the combination.

In the array antenna control apparatus, the control unit may calculate a current value to be input to the plurality of parasitic elements through a combination of the mutual impedance matrix and the reactance load.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a method of modulating a symbol to be transmitted in an array antenna is provided. The symbol modulation method comprising the steps of: determining at least one current combination corresponding to a modulation symbol, searching for a combination of reactance loads determining at least one current combination, and modulating the symbol through a combination of reactance loads .

Wherein the step of determining in the symbol modulation method comprises:

Figure pat00001
Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > at least one < / RTI >

The searching in the symbol modulation method may include searching for a combination of reactance loads based on a minimum mean square error technique.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to effectively control an array antenna including parasitic elements arranged in multi-dimensions around an active element, and to modulate symbols for each signal in a high dimensional manner.

Figure 1 shows an array antenna based on a single RF chain.
2 is a flowchart illustrating a design process of an ESPAR antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a diagram illustrating an array antenna including parasitic elements arranged in a multi-dimension according to an embodiment of the present invention.
4 is a view illustrating an array antenna according to another embodiment of the present invention.
5 is a diagram illustrating a current distribution of an ESPAR antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
6 is a block diagram illustrating a control apparatus for an ESPAR antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
7 is a flowchart illustrating a method of generating a modulation symbol according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can easily carry out the present invention. The present invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. In order to clearly illustrate the present invention, parts not related to the description are omitted, and similar parts are denoted by like reference characters throughout the specification.

Throughout the specification, a mobile station (MS) is referred to as a terminal, a mobile terminal (MT), an advanced mobile station (AMS), a high reliability mobile station (HR- A subscriber station (SS), a portable subscriber station (PSS), an access terminal (AT), a user equipment (UE) , HR-MS, SS, PSS, AT, UE, and the like.

Also, a base station (BS) is an advanced base station (ABS), a high reliability base station (HR-BS), a node B, an evolved node B, eNodeB), an access point (AP), a radio access station (RAS), a base transceiver station (BTS), a mobile multihop relay (MMR) (RS), a relay node (RN) serving as a base station, an advanced relay station (ARS) serving as a base station, a high reliability relay station (HR) A femto BS, a home Node B, a HNB, a pico BS, a metro BS, a micro BS, ), Etc., and may be all or part of an ABS, a Node B, an eNodeB, an AP, a RAS, a BTS, an MMR-BS, an RS, an RN, an ARS, It may include a negative feature.

Figure 1 shows an array antenna based on a single RF chain.

1, an array antenna 100 includes an active element 110, a parasitic element 120, an RF module 130, a reactance rod 140, and a load controller 150. The active element 110, the parasitic element 120, .

The active device 110 is connected to one RF module 130. The RF module 130 transmits a signal to the active element 110.

The plurality of parasitic elements 120 are connected to the reactance rod 140. At this time, the reactance load 140 can be connected to each parasitic element and is controlled by the load control unit 150.

Generally, an antenna for MIMO technology transmits and receives signals by simultaneously radiating a plurality of patterns independently formed by a plurality of active elements.

On the other hand, the array antenna 100 based on the single RF chain 120 shown in FIG. 1 has one active element 110 and a plurality of parasitic elements 120 positioned adjacent to the active element 110 And transmits and receives signals by radiating one formed pattern. The active element 110 is controlled by a single RF chain 130 and the parasitic element 120 can be controlled according to the value of a connected reactive load 140. The parasitic element 120 is operated in mutual coupling with the active element 110.

There are various types of array antennas based on a single RF chain. Among the currently studied antennas are electronically steerable parasitic array radiators (ESPAR) antennas. Figure 1 shows a five-element ESPAR antenna comprising four parasitic elements 120. The ESPAR antenna 100 shown in FIG. 1 can use only a phase-shift keying (PSK) modulation method in the physical layer. The present invention provides an array antenna structure and an antenna control method for using a high-order modulation method in an array antenna based on a single RF chain.

2 is a flowchart illustrating a design process of an ESPAR antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

First, a modulation level of a symbol to be transmitted through an antenna is determined (modulation level determination step) (S201).

Then, the antenna structure is determined according to the determined modulation level (antenna structure determination step) (S202). In this step, the number of dimensions of the parasitic elements, the distance from the active element to each dimension, the number of parasitic elements included in each dimension, or the arrangement method of the parasitic elements can be determined. If the parasitic elements are arranged in a multidimensional manner as in the embodiment of the present invention, not only a PSK sequence modulation method but also a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) series modulation method having multiple levels can be used. The higher the modulation level, the more complicated the dimension or arrangement of the parasitic elements surrounding the active element.

Hereinafter, the current distribution checking step S203 and the modulation technique determination step S204 will be described in detail.

3 is a diagram illustrating an array antenna including parasitic elements arranged in a multi-dimension according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In Fig. 3, a parasitic element arranged in a multidimensional manner in consideration of a modulation level of a symbol is shown. The first level (1st) (1st dimension), the PE 1, and is n is disposed PE 1, from 1, the second level (2nd) (2nd dimension), the PE 1, PE 1, n are arranged at 1 And PE P , 1 through PE P , n are arranged in the last dimension (nth order) (P-th dimension). That is, n parasitic elements may be arranged in each of the first to P-th dimensions. In addition, the number of parasitic elements arranged in each dimension can be changed.

4 is a view illustrating an array antenna according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 shows three examples of array antennas including parasitic elements arranged in a multi-dimension.

Referring again to FIG. 3, the modulation symbol information can be expressed by controlling the reactive rod and other rods connected to the parasitic element. However, since the parasitic elements of the conventional ESPAR antenna are disposed in a single dimension, there is a limit to the modulation symbol information that can be expressed by the combination of the reactive rods.

However, since the array antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention includes the parasitic elements arranged in a multi-dimensional arrangement, it is possible to combine the reactance rods more variously and to induce various current values into the parasitic elements through various combinations of reactance rods . That is, in the present invention, high-dimensional modulation symbol information can be expressed using various current values induced in the parasitic element.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the parameters for the multidimensional arrangement include the number of dimensions, the distance from the active element to each dimension, the number of parasitic elements arranged in each dimension, and the arrangement pattern of the parasitic elements.

The far-field current pattern of an ESPAR antenna including a multi-dimensionally arranged parasitic element is represented by Equation 1 below.

Figure pat00002

P p is the number of the dimension, N p is the number of parasitic elements in the p-th dimension, i p , n is the current flowing in the n-th parasitic element in the p-th dimension, b p , The normalized wavelength of the n-th parasitic element of the dimension,

Figure pat00003
Represents the phase angle (azimuth) of the n-th parasitic element of the p-th dimension.

For example, if the data to be transmitted to the ESPAR antenna is modulated with 16QAM, the parasitic elements are arranged in at least three dimensions. In the case of 64QAM, the parasitic elements can be arranged in at least seven dimensions. Can be increased. In addition to increasing the modulation level, there may be various methods of multi-dimensional arrangement of parasitic elements depending on the purpose for which the user designed the communication system.

Referring again to FIG. 2, the current distribution of the ESPAR antenna including the parasitic elements arranged in a multidimensional arrangement is then checked (current distribution checking step) (S203) to generate a high-order modulation symbol vector. The ESPAR antenna designer according to an embodiment of the present invention examines whether the current distribution of the ESPAR antenna is sufficiently extended before generating a high-order modulation symbol through a combination of reactance loads. In the conventional antenna design process, the antenna is redesigned when the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) or the antenna gain does not reach the implementation target, but the ESPAR antenna of the present invention determines whether redesigning do.

5 is a diagram illustrating a current distribution of an ESPAR antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The current distribution shown on the left side of FIG. 5 has been converted to the current distribution shown on the right side of FIG. 5 after the parasitic elements are arranged in a higher order on the ESPAR antenna. If the current distribution of the ESPAR antenna is enlarged as shown on the right side of FIG. 5, higher-order modulation symbols can be generated.

6 is a block diagram illustrating a control apparatus for an ESPAR antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 6, an ESPAR antenna controller 600 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a matrix calculator 610 and a controller 620. The load controller 150 of the ESPAR antenna according to another embodiment of the present invention may include a controller 600. [ The control apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention determines the modulation scheme, and generates and transmits modulation symbols according to the determined modulation scheme (modulation scheme determination step) (S204).

The matrix calculator 610 calculates the mutual impedance matrix Z between the parasitic elements of the ESPAR antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The control unit 620 uses the mutual impedance matrix Z in combination with various reactance loads or other loads to calculate the current to be input to the parasitic element. The role of the control device 600 of the ESPAR antenna is described in detail below.

If an ESPAR antenna including N parasitic elements can simultaneously transmit and receive N- ADOF data symbols, the current pattern of the ESPAR antenna at this time is expressed by Equation 2 below.

Figure pat00004

In Equation (2), s m is a data symbol,

Figure pat00005
Is a basis function. The current flowing through the parasitic element is expressed by Equation (3) below.

Figure pat00006

In Equation (3), v s is the applied voltage to the antenna, X is the vector representing reactance load or other load (hereinafter "reactance load vector"), and U 1 is all elements zero It is a vector with only one element. In an embodiment of the present invention, X represents a parasitic element and U 1 represents an active element.

Since the antenna has a limited current distribution, it may affect the high-order modulation performance. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the current distribution of the antenna can be diversified as much as possible.

Through the current pattern as shown in Equation (2), the modulation symbol s m of the data can be expressed as a function form as shown in Equation (4).

Figure pat00007

The current i p , n input to the parasitic element in Equation (4) can be calculated through the mutual impedance matrix and the reactance load vector. At this time, the function f m can be expressed by a combination of currents flowing through each parasitic element. The function f m may vary depending on the structure of the ESPAR antenna or the decomposition method of the basis function.

7 is a flowchart illustrating a method of generating a modulation symbol according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 7, a method of generating a high-order modulation symbol (or a modulation symbol vector) is as follows.

One. And derives a current combination corresponding to all transmittable high-order modulation symbol vectors. At this time, the current combination can be determined according to the following equation (5).

Figure pat00008

2. Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > 1, < / RTI > At this time, the combination of the rods can be found based on the minimum mean square error (MMSE) technique through Equation (3).

3. Finally, the symbol is modulated through a combination of the reactance loads found. At this time, a combination of a plurality of reactance load vectors may exist in combination of a reactance load for generating a high-order modulation symbol. A load combination in which the amount of power between the base functions can be maximized is expressed as a load combination for expressing a high- Select.

According to the embodiment of the present invention described above, it is possible to effectively control an array antenna including parasitic elements arranged in multi-dimensions around an active element, and to modulate symbols for each signal in a high dimensional manner.

While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments, It belongs to the scope of right.

Claims (8)

A method for controlling an array antenna,
Calculating a mutual impedance matrix between a plurality of parasitic elements included in the array antenna,
Combining the mutual impedance matrix and a reactance load connected to the plurality of parasitic elements, and
Controlling the plurality of parasitic elements based on a combination of the mutual impedance matrix and the reactance load
/ RTI > The method of claim 1,
And the reactance rod is connected to the plurality of parasitic elements. The method of claim 1,
Wherein the controlling comprises:
Calculating a current value to be input to the plurality of parasitic elements through a combination of the mutual impedance matrix and the reactance load,
/ RTI > An apparatus for controlling an array antenna,
A matrix calculator for calculating a mutual impedance matrix between a plurality of parasitic elements included in the array antenna,
A control unit which combines the mutual impedance matrix and a reactance load connected to the plurality of parasitic elements and controls the plurality of parasitic elements based on a combination of the mutual impedance matrix and the reactance load,
And an antenna control unit for controlling the antenna. 5. The method of claim 4,
Wherein,
And a current value to be input to the plurality of parasitic elements is calculated through a combination of the mutual impedance matrix and the reactance load. A method of modulating a symbol to be transmitted in an array antenna,
Determining at least one current combination corresponding to the modulation symbol,
Seeking a combination of reactance loads to determine the at least one current combination, and
Modulating the symbol through a combination of the reactance rods
/ RTI > The method of claim 6,
Wherein the determining comprises:
Equation
Figure pat00009
Determining the at least one current combination through
/ RTI > The method of claim 6,
Wherein the searching step comprises:
Searching for a combination of the reactance loads based on a minimum mean square error (MMSE) technique
/ RTI >
KR1020140148692A 2014-10-29 2014-10-29 Method for symbol modulation, method and apparatus for control of array antenna KR20160050490A (en)

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