KR20160046243A - Transmitting apparatus and method for calibration and beamforming thereof, and method for receiving of receiving apparatus - Google Patents
Transmitting apparatus and method for calibration and beamforming thereof, and method for receiving of receiving apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- KR20160046243A KR20160046243A KR1020140142054A KR20140142054A KR20160046243A KR 20160046243 A KR20160046243 A KR 20160046243A KR 1020140142054 A KR1020140142054 A KR 1020140142054A KR 20140142054 A KR20140142054 A KR 20140142054A KR 20160046243 A KR20160046243 A KR 20160046243A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
- H04B17/373—Predicting channel quality or other radio frequency [RF] parameters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0686—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0695—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission using beam selection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
- H04B7/0417—Feedback systems
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Radio Transmission System (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
Abstract
When the transmitting apparatus receives the first sound signal after receiving the first signal multiplied by the total channel gain of the first link from the transmitting apparatus to the receiving apparatus to the first sounding signal from the receiving apparatus, Calculating a total channel gain of the second link and a total channel gain of the first link from the receiving apparatus to the transmitting apparatus using the sounding signal and calculating an overall channel gain of the first link and a total channel gain of the second link And calibrates the data to be transmitted for each antenna using the calibration coefficient.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a transmission apparatus, a calibration method thereof, a beam forming method, and a receiving method of the receiving apparatus, and more particularly, to a calibration and beam forming method in a millimeter-band wireless communication system.
Wireless communication systems provide a variety of content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and the like. These wireless communication systems may be multiple access systems capable of supporting multiple users by sharing available system resources.
A wireless communication system may include a plurality of base stations capable of supporting communication for a plurality of user equipments (hereinafter referred to as "terminals"). A base station can communicate with a terminal through a downlink and an uplink. The forward link refers to the communication link from the base station to the terminal including the repeater, and the communication link of the terminal in the repeater is also referred to as the forward link. On the other hand, the reverse link refers to the communication link from the terminal to the base station including the repeater, and the communication link from the repeater to the base station is also referred to as the reverse link.
The information needs to be packetized or converted into a message format, and each of the base station, the repeater, and the terminal may use a plurality of antennas in the transmission antennas and the reception antennas. That is, each of the base station, the repeater, and the terminal uses a plurality of antennas to transmit or receive good data to the wireless communication link, and this technique is referred to as a beam-forming technique. Methods and procedures for reducing beamforming degradation due to mismatch between antenna paths in such beam forming techniques are referred to as calibration.
The calibration for beamforming can be roughly divided into a calibration method using additional hardware and a method using only the original hardware for communication without additional hardware. In the case of using only the original hardware for communication without additional hardware, self-calibration (self-calibration) performing loop-back calibration in its own transmitting / receiving antenna and relative system (base station in case of base station, And over-the-air (OTA) -calibration, which performs calibration through actual wireless channels.
The calibration method using additional hardware is fundamentally necessary because of additional hardware, so that the unit price can not be put into practical use.
The self-calibration technique can cause problems due to frequent changes of impedance mismatches in the high frequency and millimeter band frequencies, and due to the radio interval interference, the calibration can not be accurately calibrated. It can not be used for FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) and can not be used for directional beamforming even in the case of TDD (Time Division Duplex).
On the other hand, the OTA-Calibration method proposed by Qualcomm, Intel and Alcatel-Lucent is a method that can perform calibration in a relatively accurate and convenient way, The overall gain including the gain of the wireless communication channel and the RF analog signal path gain must be received again in the form of a message or packet. For example, in order to calibrate at the base station, the terminal must inform the base station of the measured forward channel gain in the form of a message or a packet. The relative system must perform a conversion process of packet or message type in order to transmit the channel gain, so that it can be a large burden.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a transmitting apparatus capable of transmitting information necessary for OTA calibration in a simplest form without transmitting it in the form of a packet or a message, and a method of calibrating and beam forming the receiving apparatus.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a calibration and beam forming method in a transmitting apparatus is provided. The calibration and beam forming method includes receiving a first signal multiplied by a total channel gain of a first link from the transmitting device to the receiving device to a first sounding signal from a receiving device, Calculating a reciprocating channel gain of a first link and a second link from the receiving apparatus to the transmitting apparatus, receiving the first sounding signal from the receiving apparatus, Predicting a total channel gain of the first link, estimating a total channel gain of the first link using the reciprocating channel gain and the total channel gain of the second link, Calculating a calibration coefficient using the overall channel gain of the second link, And correcting the error.
Wherein the step of calibrating comprises receiving the first sounding signal from the receiving device, predicting the overall channel gain of the second link using the first sounding signal, estimating the total channel gain of the second link And calculating the channel compensation weight value using the calibration coefficient, and multiplying the data to be transmitted for each antenna by the channel compensation weight value.
Wherein the receiving of the first signal comprises transmitting a second sounding signal to the receiving device, wherein the first link channel gain is predicted using the second sounding signal received by the receiving device, .
The first link is a forward link and the second link is a reverse link when the transmitting apparatus is a base station and the receiving apparatus is a terminal and the first link is a reverse link when the transmitting apparatus is a terminal and the receiving apparatus is a base station And the second link may be a forward link.
The overall channel gains of the first and second links may include transmit and receive RF chain path gains and radio channel gains, respectively.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, a method of receiving a beamformed signal from a transmitting apparatus in a receiving apparatus is provided. The receiving method includes receiving a first sounding signal from the transmitting device, estimating an overall channel gain of the first link from the transmitting device to the receiving device using the first sounding signal, Transmitting a first signal obtained by multiplying the first signal by a total channel gain of the first link to the transmitting device, transmitting the second sounding signal, and using the first signal and the second sounding signal And receiving calibration data for each antenna using the calibration coefficient from the transmission apparatus that has calculated the calibration coefficient.
Wherein the calibration coefficient is calculated by using the total channel gain of the second link from the receiving apparatus to the transmitting apparatus calculated using the second sounding signal and the total channel gain of the second link calculated from the first link and the second link, Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > channel gain < / RTI >
The first link is a forward link and the second link is a reverse link when the transmitting apparatus is a base station and the receiving apparatus is a terminal and the first link is a reverse link when the transmitting apparatus is a terminal and the receiving apparatus is a base station And the second link may be a forward link.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, a transmitting apparatus for performing beam forming is provided. The transmitting apparatus includes a receiving unit, a gain calculating unit, a calibration calculating unit, a beam forming unit, and a transmitting unit. The receiver receives the first sounding signal after receiving the first signal multiplied by the overall channel gain of the first link from the transmitter to the receiver to the first sounding signal from the receiver. The gain calculator calculates the total channel gain of the first link and the total channel gain of the second link from the receiver to the transmitter using the first signal and the first sounding signal. The calibration calculation unit calculates a calibration coefficient using the total channel gain of the first link and the total channel gain of the second link. The beamformer corrects data to be transmitted for each antenna by using the calibration coefficient. The transmitter transmits the corrected data for each antenna.
Wherein the gain calculator calculates a reciprocating channel gain of the first link and the second link using the first signal, calculates an overall channel gain of the second link using the first sounding signal, The calibration coefficient may be calculated using the total channel gain of the first link and the total channel gain of the second link.
Wherein the receiving unit receives the third sounding signal from the receiving apparatus, the gain calculating unit calculates the overall channel gain of the second link using the third sounding signal, and the beam- The channel compensation weight value may be calculated using the total channel gain of the second link calculated using the signal and the calibration coefficient, and then the channel compensation weight value may be multiplied by the data to be transmitted for each antenna.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a channel gain and a round-trip channel gain are measured from a signal transmitted from a transmitting apparatus (e.g., a base station) to be calibrated to a counterpart receiving apparatus (e.g., a terminal) So that the UE does not need to measure the forward channel gain and transmit the measured forward channel gain in the form of a packet or a message. Therefore, since the base station does not need to convert the packet format or the message format, the processing speed of the base station can be improved. In addition, since it is basically an OTA-calibration method, no additional hardware is required for calibration.
It may also be more effective than other methods when the effects of impedance mismatch between antennas, switches, and other RF components in the millimeter band are severely impacted.
1 is a flowchart illustrating a calibration and beam forming method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a flow chart illustrating a method for calculating calibration coefficients according to an embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a flowchart illustrating a method of compensating for asymmetry between transmission and reception RF chains according to an embodiment of the present invention.
4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication system having multiple antennas according to an embodiment of the present invention.
5 is a diagram illustrating a transmitting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can easily carry out the present invention. The present invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. In order to clearly illustrate the present invention, parts not related to the description are omitted, and similar parts are denoted by like reference characters throughout the specification.
Throughout the specification and claims, when a section is referred to as "including " an element, it is understood that it does not exclude other elements, but may include other elements, unless specifically stated otherwise.
Throughout the specification, a terminal may be referred to as a user equipment (UE), a mobile terminal (MT), a mobile station (MS), an advanced mobile station (AMS) a high reliability mobile station (HR-MS), a subscriber station (SS), a portable subscriber station (PSS), an access terminal (AT) , AMS, HR-MS, SS, PSS, AT, and the like.
Also, a base station (BS) includes a node B, an evolved node B, an advanced base station (ABS), a high reliability base station (HR-BS) ENB, BS, ABS, HR-BS, etc.), an access point (AP), a radio access station (RAS), a base transceiver station AP, RAS, BTS, and the like.
Now, a transmitting apparatus, a calibration method, a beam forming method, and a receiving method of a receiving apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Beamforming can be used for both forward and reverse links in a communication system using multiple transmit and receive antennas and the beamforming process of the forward link and the reverse link is the same, .
1 is a flowchart illustrating a calibration and beam forming method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to FIG. 1, the base station calculates a calibration coefficient for beamforming of the forward link using Over-The-Air (OTA) -calibration (S110). The calibration coefficient can be calculated as shown in Equation (1).
In Equation (1), h d is the total channel gain of the forward link, h u is the predicted value of the total channel gain of the reverse link, and c is the calibration coefficient. h d is obtained in a step S222 to be described later with reference to Fig. 2, and h u can be obtained in a step S220 described later with reference to Fig.
The base station calculates a channel compensation weight value to compensate for the asymmetry between the RF analog paths of the transmitting and receiving antennas using the calculated calibration coefficients (S120).
The base station multiplies the data to be transmitted by the channel compensation weight value to form a beam corresponding to the transmission antenna (S130), and transmits the beam of the transmission antenna (S140). At this time, the transmission antenna may be at least one transmission antenna.
Next, a method of calculating the calibration coefficient will be described in detail with reference to FIG. Calibration is a procedure for multiple antennas, but for the sake of clarity of operation, we will first refer to individual antennas.
2 is a flow chart illustrating a method for calculating calibration coefficients according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2, the
The terminal 200 receives a forward sounding signal
(S204).The forward sounding signal generated at the
In Equation 1 h d denotes a wireless channel gain of the forward link, α S is the
Here, it is assumed that the interval of the RF chain is different depending on the forward link and the reverse link due to the characteristics of the RF elements. That is, the transmission RF chain path gains of the
The received signal of Equation (2) can be expressed as Equation (3).
In Equation 3,
Complex number Quot; complex conjugate " complex number of < / RTI > The complex conjugate complex number is a sounding signal, and is a pilot signal which is mutually predetermined in theThe terminal 200 predicts the overall channel gain of the forward link using Equation (3) (S206). Total channel gain estimate of the forward link
Can be calculated as shown in Equation (4).
The terminal 200 receives the reverse sounding signal < RTI ID = 0.0 >
And then calculates the total channel gain prediction value of the forward link Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > And transmits it to theThe
In the terminal 200, the total channel gain prediction value of the forward link
The multiplied backward sounding signal Is transmitted to the
In Equation (5), h u represents the radio channel gain of the reverse link, and β S represents the gain of the
The received signal of Equation (5) can be expressed as Equation (6). In Equation (6)
Is a sounding signal, and is a pilot signal that is promised between the
The
The
The terminal 200 estimates the total channel gain estimate of the forward link
The multiplied backward sounding signal To theThe
The received signal of Equation (8) can be expressed as Equation (9). In Equation (9)
Is a sounding signal, and it is assumed that the
The
The
The
Here, the radio channel gain h d of the forward link and the radio channel gain h u of the reverse link change in time in milliliter seconds, and the RF chain path gains α and β are relatively long .
The
3 is a flowchart illustrating a method of compensating for asymmetry between transmission and reception RF chains according to an embodiment of the present invention. Hereinafter, the MRT (Maximal Ratio Transmission) technique will be described as an example for convenience of explanation, and the present invention can be applied to other beam forming techniques of multiple antennas. Here, the operation of the individual antenna will be described as a reference.
Referring to FIG. 3, the terminal 200 transmits a sounding signal
To the base station (100).The
Next, the
The
The data received from the terminal 200
Can be expressed by Equation (14).
At this time, from the definition of the calibration coefficient c,
Can be expressed by Equation (15).
Therefore,
&Quot; (16) "
Where k is a constant scalar value.
As described above, the
Although calibration and beam formation of individual antennas have been described above, calibration and beam formation will be described below by extending to multiple transmission / reception antennas. To facilitate understanding of the operation, the system of FIG. 4 is assumed.
4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication system having multiple antennas according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to FIG. 4, the communication system includes a
The following equations are examples of channel estimation using a sounding signal, and various channel estimation methods can be applied. For example, a Hermitian matrix is used for channel estimation, and channel estimation can be performed using an inverse determinant. The channel estimation method used in the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the specific method.
The radio channel gain H d of the forward link and the radio channel gain H u of the reverse link can be expressed by Equations 17 and 18.
Here, h ij denotes a wireless channel, i denotes an antenna of the terminal 200, and j denotes an antenna of the
The
The received signal of Equation (19) can be expressed as Equation (20) in the form of a vector and a matrix variable.
In Equation 20, H d may be expressed as a product of a transmission RF chain path gain of the
Similarly, in the terminal 200,
, , The
The received signal of Equation (21) can be expressed as Equation (22).
In Equation 22, H u can be expressed as a product of the reception RF chain path gain of the
Thus, all variables are the same as individual antennas, but capitalized variables are used to represent multiple antennas, which means they are vector or matrix variables. A method of calculating a calibration coefficient for beamforming of a forward link on the basis of the expression of such a variable will be described. The procedure is the same as that of FIG. 2 and will be described with reference to FIG.
The
The terminal 200 receives the forward sounding signal Y A from the
The received signal of Equation (23) can be expressed as Equation (24), because the sounding signal transmitted from each antenna is a mutually promised signal between the
In Equation 24,
Denotes a Hermitian matrix of X s .The terminal 200 can estimate the overall channel gain of the forward link as shown in Equation (25) using Equation (24) (S206).
In Equation 25, k 1 is a constant.
After generating the reverse sounding signal X A , the terminal 200 transmits the forward channel full channel gain prediction value < RTI ID = 0.0 >
Multiplied by the backward sounding signal X A , and transmitted to the base station 100 (S208).The
The received signal of Equation (26) can be expressed as Equation (27).
The
The
The terminal 200 estimates the total channel gain estimate of the forward link
After transmitting the multiplied reverse sounding signal to theThe
And the received signal of Equation (29) can be expressed as Equation (30).
The
The
Equation (32) can be expressed by Equation (33).
In Expression 33, the exponent "-1" means an inverse matrix.
The
The
The method of compensating the asymmetry between the RF chain paths of the multiple transmission / reception antennas may also be the same as the procedure shown in FIG. However, in order to display multiple antennas, capital letters are used in expressing variables.
The terminal 200 transmits the reverse sounding signal X A for each antenna to the
The
Next, the
The
The data Y A received from the terminal 200 can be expressed by Equation (36).
At this time, from the definition of the calibration coefficient C of the equation (34), the reception data Y A of the equation (36) can be expressed by the equation (37).
Accordingly, the terminal 200 can demodulate the received signal into MRT.
5 is a diagram illustrating a transmitting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
5, the transmitting
The receiving
The
The
The transmitting
At least some of the functions of the calibration and beamforming method according to the embodiments of the present invention described above can be implemented in hardware or in software combined with hardware. For example, a processor implemented as a central processing unit (CPU) or other chipset, microprocessor, etc. performs the functions of the
The embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above-described apparatuses and / or methods, but may be implemented through a program for realizing functions corresponding to the configuration of the embodiment of the present invention or a recording medium on which the program is recorded, Such an embodiment can be readily implemented by those skilled in the art from the description of the embodiments described above.
While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments, It belongs to the scope of right.
Claims (12)
Receiving a first signal multiplied by a total channel gain of a first link from the transmitting device to the receiving device to a first sounding signal from the receiving device,
Calculating a reciprocating channel gain of the second link from the receiver to the transmitter using the first signal;
Receiving the first sounding signal from the receiving device,
Estimating an overall channel gain of the second link using the first sounding signal,
Estimating an overall channel gain of the first link using the reciprocating channel gain and the total channel gain of the second link,
Calculating a calibration factor using the overall channel gain of the first link and the overall channel gain of the second link, and
A step of correcting data to be transmitted for each antenna using the calibration coefficient
≪ / RTI >
The step of correcting
Receiving the first sounding signal from the receiving device,
Estimating an overall channel gain of the second link using the first sounding signal,
Calculating a channel compensation weight value using the overall channel gain of the second link and the calibration factor; and
Multiplying the data to be transmitted for each antenna by the channel compensation weight value
≪ / RTI >
Wherein receiving the first signal comprises transmitting a second sounding signal to the receiving device,
Wherein the first link channel gain is predicted using the second sounding signal received by the receiving device.
The first link is a forward link and the second link is a reverse link when the transmitting apparatus is a base station and the receiving apparatus is a terminal,
Wherein the first link is a reverse link and the second link is a forward link if the transmitting device is a terminal and the receiving device is a base station.
Wherein the total channel gain of the first and second links comprises a transmit and receive RF chain path gain and a radio channel gain, respectively.
Receiving a first sounding signal from the transmitting device,
Estimating an overall channel gain of the first link from the transmitter to the receiver using the first sounding signal,
Transmitting a first signal obtained by multiplying a second sounding signal by a total channel gain of the first link to the transmitting device,
Transmitting the second sounding signal, and
Receiving the calibrated data for each antenna using the calibration coefficient from the transmission apparatus that has calculated the calibration coefficient using the first signal and the second sounding signal,
/ RTI >
Wherein the calibration coefficient is calculated by using the total channel gain of the second link from the receiving apparatus to the transmitting apparatus calculated using the second sounding signal and the total channel gain of the second link calculated from the first link and the second link, Wherein the channel gain is calculated using the reciprocal channel gain of the receiver.
The first link is a forward link and the second link is a reverse link when the transmitting apparatus is a base station and the receiving apparatus is a terminal,
Wherein the first link is a reverse link and the second link is a forward link if the transmitting device is a terminal and the receiving device is a base station.
A receiver for receiving the first sounding signal after receiving a first signal multiplied by a total channel gain of a first link from the transmitter to the receiver to a first sounding signal from the receiver,
A gain calculator for calculating a total channel gain of the first link and a total channel gain of the second link from the receiver to the transmitter using the first signal and the first sounding signal,
A calibration calculation unit for calculating a calibration coefficient using the total channel gain of the first link and the total channel gain of the second link,
A beam forming unit for correcting data to be transmitted for each antenna by using the calibration coefficient, and
A transmitter for transmitting the corrected data for each antenna;
.
Wherein the gain calculator calculates a reciprocating channel gain of the first link and the second link using the first signal, calculates an overall channel gain of the second link using the first sounding signal, And calculates the calibration coefficient using the total channel gain of the first link and the total channel gain of the second link.
Wherein the receiving unit receives the third sounding signal from the receiving device,
Wherein the gain calculator calculates an overall channel gain of the second link using the third sounding signal,
The beamformer calculates a channel compensation weight value using the total channel gain of the second link calculated using the third sounding signal and the calibration coefficient, and then transmits the channel compensation weight value to each antenna A transmitting apparatus for multiplying data.
The first link is a forward link and the second link is a reverse link when the transmitting apparatus is a base station and the receiving apparatus is a terminal,
Wherein the first link is a reverse link and the second link is a forward link when the transmitting apparatus is a terminal and the receiving apparatus is a base station.
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