KR20160019885A

KR20160019885A - flexible display device

Info

Publication number: KR20160019885A
Application number: KR1020150178700A
Authority: KR
Inventors: 안범주
Original assignee: 안범주
Priority date: 2015-12-14
Filing date: 2015-12-14
Publication date: 2016-02-22

Abstract

In one aspect, a flexible display device includes a first display portion and a second display portion capable of bending with respect to each other about a flexible bending portion, wherein the degree of bending of the flexible bending portion is determined based on a change in resistance of the flexible conductor disposed in the bending portion And a bending degree determining section for determining a bending degree of the display device.

Description

A flexible display device

The present invention is a flexible display device.

Since the flexible display device can cancel the folding when using the large screen, it is possible to use the large screen, and the portable device can be easily folded.

In such a flexible display device, it is necessary to have a capability of the display device to detect how the display areas on both sides of the bending part or the flexible part are present.

To this end, the present invention has the following configuration.

In a first aspect, as a flexible display,

And a display unit having a first display region, a second display region, and a third display region, wherein the three display regions are flexible, and the third display region is present between the first display region and the second display region Wherein the first display area and the second display area bend each other about the third display area, the third display area includes a matrix of organic light emitting elements, and the third display area Wherein the display comprises a measurement section for measuring a resistance or current between both ends of the electrode, wherein the display device displays the first display < RTI ID = 0.0 > And a bending degree determination module for determining a degree of bending between the first display area and the second display area, The display is provided.

In one embodiment, the electrode comprises a cathode electrode or an anode electrode of the organic light emitting elements. In one embodiment, the electrode extends in a direction parallel to the direction in which the first display region, the second display region, and the third display region are arranged.

In one embodiment, if the resistance value measured by the measuring unit corresponds to a predetermined maximum value, the degree of bending is a maximum, and if the resistance value measured by the measuring unit corresponds to a predetermined minimum value, Area and the second display area and the third display area are in the same plane.

In one embodiment, the degree of bend is determined by the following equation:

Bending degree = 1 80 degrees * (present resistance value - minimum value ) / ( maximum value - minimum value )

A flexible display is provided.

In one embodiment, the electrode is a dummy electrode separate from the cathode or anode electrode of the OLEDs, and the dummy electrode is electrically separated from the cathode or anode electrode. / RTI >

In one embodiment, the electrode is flexible, or the electrode comprises a conductive polymer.

In one aspect,

As a flexible display,

And a display unit having a first display region, a second display region, and a third display region, wherein the three display regions are flexible, and the third display region is present between the first display region and the second display region Wherein the first display area and the second display area bend each other about the third display area, the third display area includes a matrix of organic light emitting elements, The display comprising at least two electrodes arranged on the matrix, the display comprising a measurement section for measuring a resistance or current between the at least two electrodes, the display comprising a first display area and a second display area, Wherein the flexible display includes a bending degree determination module that determines a degree of bending between the second display areas It is a ball.

In one embodiment, the two or more electrodes are electrically connected by multi-walled carbon nanotubes having a fiber structure and NGPs having a plate-like structure by a hybrid sheet prepared by mixing at a ratio of maximum specific surface area do.

Figure 1A shows a first state of a flexible display according to an embodiment of the invention.
1B shows a second state of the flexible display according to an embodiment of the present invention.
1C shows a third state of a flexible display according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 1D is an exemplary configuration of a display panel of a flexible display according to an embodiment of the present invention.
1E is an exemplary configuration of a display panel of a flexible display according to an embodiment of the present invention.
1F is an exemplary configuration of a display panel of a flexible display according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2A is an exemplary configuration of a display panel of a flexible display according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 2B is a top view of Figure 2A.
2C is a bending measurement example according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2D is a bending measurement example according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIGS. 3A through 3C are bending measurement examples according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout. However, the present invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to only illustrating the embodiments herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. Processes, elements, and techniques that are not required by those skilled in the art for a thorough understanding of aspects and features of the present invention may not be described. Unless otherwise noted, like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout the description and the accompanying drawings, and so their description will not be repeated. In the drawings, the relative sizes of elements, layers, and regions may be exaggerated for clarity.

Although the terms "first," "second," "third," etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and / or sections, , Regions, layers and / or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another element, component, region, layer or section. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section described below may be referred to as a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Spatially relative terms, such as "under", "under", "under", "under", "above", "above", etc., May be used herein for ease of description in describing the relationship to the other element (s) or feature (s) of the feature. It will be appreciated that these spatially relative terms should be interpreted to encompass different orientations of the device in use, or in operation, in addition to the orientation shown in the Figures. For example, if a device in the figures is inverted, elements shown as being "under", "under", and "under" other elements or features Lt; / RTI > Thus, the exemplary terms "under" and "below" may include both upward and downward orientations. The device should be oriented accordingly (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or oriented in different orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein should be interpreted accordingly.

When an element or layer is referred to as being "on," "connected to," or "connected to" another element or layer, the element or layer may be directly on, connected directly to, or connected to another element or layer Or that there may be more than one intervening elements or layers. Also, when an element or layer is said to be "between" two elements or layers, the element or layer may be the only element or layer between two elements or layers, or one or more intermediate intervening It will also be appreciated that elements or layers may also be present.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms of a noun are intended to also include the plural forms of the noun unless the context otherwise expressly indicates otherwise. The terms " comprises, "" comprising," " includes, "and " including ", when used in this specification, But are not limited to, the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof It will also be understood that it is not excluded. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. When preceded by a list of elements, expressions such as "at least one" decorate the whole elements of the list and do not decorate individual elements of the list.

As used herein, the terms " substantially, "" about," and similar terms are used as terms of approximation and are not used as terms of approximation, It is intended to take into account the inherent deviations in the values. Further, the use of "may" in describing embodiments of the present invention refers to "one or more embodiments of the present invention ". As used herein, the terms "use," "use," and "used" are to be considered synonymous with the terms "utilizing", "utilizing" and "used", respectively. In addition, the term "exemplary" is intended to refer to either an example or an example.

Unless otherwise specified, all terms (including technical terms and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. For example, terms such as those commonly used in the dictionary should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the related art and / or in the context of the present specification, and in an ideal or highly formal sense, It will also be understood that unless it is so specified, it should not be interpreted.

Basic configuration

Figure 1A shows a first state of a flexible display according to an embodiment of the invention. 1B shows a second state of the flexible display according to an embodiment of the present invention. 1C shows a third state of a flexible display according to an embodiment of the present invention. The flexible display of Figs. 1A to 1C includes a first display area 1A, a second display area IB, and a third display area 1C. The first display area can be flexible or non-flexible, and the second display area can be flexible or non-flexible, and the third display area is always flexible. FIG. 1D is an exemplary configuration of a display panel of a flexible display according to an embodiment of the present invention. 1D is a basic configuration of an OLED display panel, and the present invention is not limited thereto. 1E is an exemplary configuration of a display panel of a flexible display according to an embodiment of the present invention. 1F is an exemplary configuration of a display panel of a flexible display according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In this configuration, the transparent substrate is a plastic substrate, and examples of the material include polyethersulphone (PES), polyacrylate (PAR), polyetherimide (PET), polyethyelenene naphthalate (PEN) ), Polyethyleneterephthalate (PET), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyallylate, polyimide, polycarbonate (PC), cellulose triacetate (TAC), cellulose acetate pro And a cellulose acetate propinoate (CAP). Preferably, a transparent substrate such as glass capable of UV transmission is used.

For example, referring to FIG. 1F, a thin film transistor 141 and an EL element 142 are provided, and the EL element 142 is provided with a light emitting layer 142b which is particularly vulnerable to moisture. A semiconductor active layer 141f is formed on the buffer layer 141a adjacent to the barrier layer 130. The active layer 141f has source and drain regions doped with a high concentration of N- or P- . The active layer 141f may be formed of an oxide semiconductor. For example, the oxide semiconductor may be a Group 12, 13, or Group 14 metal such as Zn, In, Ga, Cd, Ge, &Lt; / RTI > elements and combinations thereof. For example, the semiconductor active layer may include GIZO [(In2O3) a (Ga2O3) b (ZnO) c] (a, b and c are real numbers satisfying the conditions of a? 0, b? 0, . A gate electrode 141g is formed on the active layer 141f with a gate insulating film 141b interposed therebetween. A source electrode 141h and a drain electrode 141i are formed on the gate electrode 141g. An interlayer insulating film 141c is provided between the gate electrode 141g and the source electrode 141h and the drain electrode 141i and the interlayer insulating film 141c is formed between the source electrode 141h and the drain electrode 141i, And a passivation film 141d is interposed between the gate electrodes 142a. An insulating flattening film 141e is formed on the anode electrode 142a by acrylic or the like and a predetermined opening 142d is formed in the flattening film 141e and then an EL element 142 is formed. . The EL element 142 emits red, green, and blue light according to the current flow to display predetermined image information. The EL element 142 is connected to the drain electrode 141i of the thin film transistor 141, And a light emitting layer 142b disposed between the two electrodes 142a and 142c to emit light, a cathode electrode 142c provided to cover all the pixels and to supply a negative power, do. A hole injection layer (HIL), a hole transport layer (HTL), an electron transport layer (ETL), an electron injection layer (EIL), and the like are formed adjacent to the light emitting layer 142b May be stacked. For reference, the light emitting layer 142b may be formed separately for each pixel such that red, green, and blue light emitting pixels are grouped into one unit pixel. Alternatively, the light emitting layer may be formed in common over the entire pixel region regardless of the position of the pixel. At this time, the light emitting layer may be formed by vertically stacking or mixing layers including a light emitting material that emits light of, for example, red, green, and blue. Of course, if the white light can be emitted, it is possible to combine different colors. Further, it may further comprise a color conversion layer or a color filter for converting the emitted white light into a predetermined color.

In the above, the area between the first display area and the second display area is a display area, but in another embodiment of the present invention, the area between the first display area and the second display area may be a non-display area.

Electrode Configuration

According to the present invention, at least one of the cathode electrode 142c and the anode electrode 142a is made of a conductive polymer. Materials and methods for forming such conductive polymer electrodes are disclosed in the following United States patent documents:

Category / Public No. / Name of invention

One/ 20140078416 / TRANSPARENT CONDUCTIVE POLYMER ELECTRODE FORMED BY INKJET PRINTING, DISPLAY DEVICE INCLUDING THE ELECTRODE, AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE ELECTRODE

2/ 20140008113 / TRANSPARENT ELECTRODE FILM HAVING CONDUCTIVE POLYMER ELECTRODE LAYER

3 / 20090163916 / Flexible Conductive Polymer Electrode and Method for Ablation

4/ 20090158852 / Contact Sensing Flexible Conductive Polymer Electrode

5 / 20080116451 / MOLECULAR ELECTRONIC DEVICE INCLUDING ELECTRODE HAVING CONDUCTIVE POLYMER ELECTRODE LAYER

By way of example, one or more electrically conductive polymers selected from the group consisting of: polyanaline (PANI) and / or chemical derivatives thereof; Polythiophene and / or its chemical derivatives such as poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and / or PEDOT: PSS (poly (3,4- ethylenedioxythiophene) poly (styrenesulfonate) Additionally or alternatively, one or more of the conductive polymers as disclosed in EP2507286 A2, EP2205657 A1 or EP2220141 A1 may be used.

Organic thin film transistor

An organic thin film transistor (OTFT) is a semiconductor layer that uses an organic film instead of a silicon film. Depending on the material of the organic film, a thin film transistor of a low molecular organic material such as oligothiophene, pentacene, Polythiophene series, and the like.

The gate insulating film may be composed of a single film or a multilayer film of an organic insulating film or an inorganic insulating film, or may be formed of a organic-inorganic hybrid film. Examples of the organic insulating film include imide polymers such as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polystyrene (PS), phenol polymers, acrylic polymers and polyimides, arylether polymers, amide polymers, fluoropolymers, p - a zirconium-based polymer, a zirylene-based polymer, a vinyl alcohol-based polymer, and parylene. The semiconductor material is preferably an organic semiconducting material, and it is most preferred to use a material comprising an asenic material or an organic charge transferring material, such as triarylamine. Here, the above-mentioned isomeric substance is any one of anthracene, tetracene, pentacene, perylene, and conone. Although the P-type organic semiconductor material is used as the semiconductor layer in this embodiment, the P-type impurity may be doped only in the source / drain regions. The P-type semiconductor layer 141g may be formed of one selected from the group consisting of acene, poly-thienylenevinylene, poly-3-hexylthiophen, alpha-hexathienylene ), Naphthalene, alpha-6-thiophene, alpha-4-thiophene, rubrene, polythiophene, Examples of the polymer include polyparaphenylenevinylene, polyparaphenylene, polyfluorene, polythiophenevinylene, polythiophene-heterocyclic aromatic copolymer, triarylphenylene, A substance containing a triarylamine or a derivative thereof. Herein, any one of the above-mentioned asenic substances, that is, pentacene, perylene, tetracene or anthracene, is used.

Preferably, in the context of the present invention, organic semiconductors (i.e., low molecular weight, oligomeric or polymeric semiconductors or mixtures of such semiconductors) are used. P-type semiconductors that can be processed from a liquid state are particularly preferred. Examples herein are based on polymers such as polythiophenes and polyarylamines or on amorphous, reversibly oxidizable, non-polymeric organic compounds such as spirobifluorenes P-type semiconductors based on spiro compounds disclosed herein, see for example, US 2006/0049397 and p-type semiconductors also usable in the context of the present invention. Low molecular weight organic semiconductors, such as low molecular weight p-type semiconductive materials, such as those disclosed in WO 2012/110924 A1, preferably Spiro-MeOTAD, and / or ACS Nano, VOL. 6, NO. 2, 1455-1462, 2012), it is preferred to use one or more of the p-type semiconductive materials disclosed by Leijtens et al. Additionally or alternatively, one or more of the p-type semiconducting materials as disclosed in WO 2010/094636 A1 may be useful, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Also, references to p-semiconductive materials and dopants from the above description of the prior art can also be referred to.

The p-type semiconductor is preferably produced or produced by applying at least one p-conductive organic material to at least one carrier element, such coating being for example a liquid phase containing at least one p-conductive organic material As shown in FIG. The deposition can again be carried out once again, in principle, by any desired deposition process, for example by spin-coating, knife-coating, printing or by combinations of the above and / or other deposition methods .

Organic p-type semiconductors comprise in particular at least one spiro compound and / or especially spiro compounds, especially spiro-MeoTAD; May be selected from compounds having the following structural formula:

Wherein each of A ¹ , A ² , and A ³ is independently optionally substituted aryl groups or heteroaryl groups,

Each of R ¹ , R ² and R ³ is independently selected from the group consisting of substituents -R, -OR, -NR ₂ , -A ⁴ -OR and -A ⁴ -NR ₂ ,

Wherein R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl,

Wherein A < ⁴ > is an aryl group or a heteroaryl group,

Where n is independently in each occurrence in formula (I) a value of 0, 1, 2 or 3,

The sum of the individual n values is at least 2 and at least two of the R ¹ , R ² and R ³ radicals are -OR and / or -NR ₂ .

Preferably, A ² and A ³ are the same; Accordingly, the compound of formula (I) preferably has the following structure (Ia):

More particularly, as described above, the p-type semiconductor may thereby have at least one low molecular weight organic p-type semiconductor. Low molecular weight materials are understood to mean materials that are generally present in a monomeric, non-polymeric, or non-oligomeric form. The term "low molecular weight" as used in this context preferably means that the p-type semiconductor has a molecular weight in the range of 100 to 25000 g / mol. . Preferably, the low molecular weight materials have a molecular weight of 500 to 2000 g / mol.

Generally, in the context of the present invention, p-semiconductive properties are understood to mean the properties of materials, in particular organic molecules, which form holes and transport and / or transfer these holes to adjacent molecules. More specifically, stable oxidation of such molecules should be possible. In addition, the mentioned low molecular weight organic p-type semiconductors have a particularly wide p-electron system. More specifically, at least one low molecular weight p-type semiconductor may be processable from solution. The low molecular weight p-type semiconductor may in particular comprise at least one triphenylamine. It is particularly preferred when the low molecular weight organic p-type semiconductor comprises at least one spiro compound. Spiro compounds are understood to mean polycyclic organic compounds having rings that are attached to only one atom, also referred to as a spiro atom. More specifically, the spiro atoms are sp ³ -hybridized such that the elements of the spiro compound linked together through the spiro atom are arranged, for example, on different sides with respect to each other.

More preferably, the spiro compound has the structure of the formula:

Wherein each of aryl ¹ , aryl ² , aryl ³ , aryl ⁴ , aryl ⁵ , aryl ⁶ , aryl ⁷ and aryl ⁸ radicals is independently selected from substituted aryl radicals and heteroaryl radicals, especially from substituted phenyl radicals Wherein each of the aryl radicals and heteroaryl radicals, preferably phenyl radicals, is preferably selected from the group consisting of -O-alkyl, -OH, -F, -CI, -Br and -I in each case , Wherein alkyl is preferably methyl, ethyl, propyl or isopropyl. More preferably, each of the phenyl radicals is independently substituted in each case by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of -O-Me, -OH, -F, -CI, -Br and -I.

Also preferably, the spiro compound is a compound of the formula:

Wherein each of R ^r , R ^s , R ^t R ^u , R ^v , R ^w , R ^x and R ^y is independently selected from the group consisting of -O-alkyl, -OH, -F, -CI, -Br and -I , Wherein alkyl is preferably methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl. More preferably, each of R ^r , R ^s , R ^t R ^u , R ^v , R ^w , R ^x and R ^y is composed of -O-Me, -OH, -F, -CI, -Br and -I Group. &Lt; / RTI >

More specifically, p-type semiconductors can include spiro-MeoTAD or spiro-MeoTAD, and Spiro-MeoTAD is commercially available, for example, from Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, &Lt; / RTI >

Additionally, or alternatively, other p-semiconducting compounds, particularly low molecular weight (low molecular weight) and / or oligomeric and / or polymeric p-semiconductive compounds may also be used.

In an alternative embodiment, the low molecular weight organic p-type semiconductors comprise one or more compounds of general formula I as described above, for example, see PCT Application No. PCT / EP2010 / 051826, Will be released after the priority date of. The p-type semiconductor may comprise at least one compound of the general formula I as described above in addition to or in addition to the spiro compounds mentioned above.

The term "alkyl" or "alkyl group" or "alkyl radical ", as used in the context of the present invention, is understood to mean generally substituted or unsubstituted C ₁ -C ₂₀ -alkyl radicals. C ₁ - to C ₁₀ -alkyl radicals are preferred, in particular C ₁ - to C ₈ -alkyl radicals are preferred. The alkyl radicals may be straight chain or branched. Further, the alkyl radicals may be substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C ₁ -C ₂₀ -alkoxy, halogen, preferably F, and C ₆ -C ₃₀ -aryl, Which may be substituted or unsubstituted. Examples of suitable alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, and octyl, and also isopropyl, isobutyl, isopentyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, neopentyl, - dimethylbutyl, 2-ethylhexyl, and also derivatives of the abovementioned alkyl groups substituted by C ₆ -C ₃₀ -aryl, C ₁ -C ₂₀ -alkoxy and / or halogen, especially F, for example CF ₃ .

The term "aryl" or "aryl group" or "aryl radical", as used in the context of the present invention, is understood to mean optionally substituted C ₆ -C ₃₀ -aryl radicals, , Triple rings or other multi-ring aromatic rings wherein the aromatic rings do not contain any ring heteroatoms. The aryl radical preferably contains 5- and / or 6-membered aromatic rings. When the aryls are not single ring systems, in the case of the term "aryl" for the second ring, the saturated form (perhydro form or partially unsaturated form (e.g., dihydro form Or tetrahydro form) is also possible if certain forms are known and stable. The term "aryl" in the context of the present invention thus includes, for example, And also triple ring radicals in which only one of the rings is aromatic and also triple ring radicals in which the three rings are aromatic. Examples of aryl include phenyl Naphthyl, indanyl, dihydronaphthenyl, 1,4-dihydronaphthenyl, fluorenyl, indenyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, Or 1,2,3,4-tetra C ₆ -C ₁₀ -aryl radicals such as phenyl or naphthyl are particularly preferred, and C ₆ -aryl radicals such as phenyl are very particularly preferred. In addition, The term "aryl" also encompasses ring systems comprising at least two monocyclic, bicyclic or multicyclic aromatic rings joined together via single or double bonds to each other. It belongs to groups.

The term "heteroaryl" or "heteroaryl group" or "heteroaryl radical" as used in the context of the present invention refers to optionally substituted 5- or 6- membered aromatic rings and multicyclic rings, For example, double ring and triple ring compounds, having at least one heteroatom in at least one ring. Heteroaryls preferably contain 5 to 30 ring atoms in the context of the present invention. These may be multi-ring, double-ring or triple-ring, and some may be derived from the above-mentioned aryl by replacing at least one carbon atom in the aryl base skeleton with a heteroatom . Preferred heteroatoms are N, O, and S. Heteroaryl radicals more preferably have 5 to 13 ring atoms. The base skeleton of the heteroaryl radicals is particularly preferably selected from systems such as pyridine and 5-membered heteroaromatics, for example, thiophene, pyrimidine, imidazole or furan. These base frameworks can optionally be fused to one or two six-membered aromatic radicals. The term "heteroaryl" also includes ring systems comprising double rings or multicyclic aromatic rings linked together by at least two single rings, single or double bonds, wherein at least one ring is heteroatom . In the case of the term "heteroaryl" for at least one ring when the heteroaryls are not single ring systems, a perhydro or partially unsaturated form (e. G. Dihydro form or tetrahydro form) Is also possible if certain forms are known and stable. The term "heteroaryl ", in the context of the present invention, thus also includes, for example, double or triple ring radicals wherein either or both of the three radicals are aromatic, and also the case where only one ring is aromatic Triple ring radicals, and also triple ring radicals wherein the two rings are aromatic, wherein at least one of the rings, i. E. At least one aromatic or one non-aromatic ring, has a heteroatom. Suitable fused heteroaromatics are, for example, carbazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofuryl, dibenzofuryl or dibenzothiophenyl. The base skeleton may be substituted in one, two or more or all substitutable positions, and suitable substituents may be the same as already specified under the definition of C ₆ -C ₃₀ -aryl. However, heteroaryl radicals are preferably unsubstituted. Suitable heteroaryl radicals include, for example, pyridin-2-yl, pyridin-3-yl, pyridin-4-yl, thiophen-2-yl, thiophen- 3-yl, furan-2-yl, furan-3-yl and imidazol-2-yl and the corresponding benzofused radicals, in particular carbazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofuryl, dibenzofuryl or Dibenzothiophenyl.

In the context of the present invention, the term "optionally substituted" refers to radicals in which at least one hydrogen radical of an alkyl group, an aryl group or a heteroaryl group is replaced by a substituent. Examples of such substituent groups include alkyl radicals such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, and octyl, and also isopropyl, isobutyl, isopentyl, sec- Neopentyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl and 2-ethylhexyl, aryl radicals such as C ₆ -C ₁₀ -aryl radicals, in particular phenyl or naphthyl, most preferably C ₆ -aryl radicals, For example phenyl and heteroaryl radicals such as pyridin-2-yl, pyridin-3-yl, pyridin-4-yl, thiophen-2-yl, thiophen- 2-yl, furan-3-yl and imidazol-2-yl, and also the corresponding benzofused radicals, in particular carbazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofuryl , Dibenzofuryl or dibenzothiophenyl are preferred. Other examples include the following substituents: alkenyl, alkynyl, halogen, hydroxyl.

Here, the degree of substitution can vary depending on the maximum number of possible substituents in a single substitution.

Preferred compounds of formula I for use according to the present invention are notable in that at least two of the R ¹ , R ² and R ³ radicals are para-OR and / or -NR ₂ substituents. Where at least two radicals can be -OR radicals, only -NR ₂ radicals, or at least one -OR and at least one -NR ₂ radical.

Particularly preferred compounds of formula I for use according to the invention are notable in that at least four of the R ¹ , R ² and R ³ radicals are para -OR and / or -NR ₂ substituents. Wherein at least four radicals may be only -OR radicals, only -NR ₂ radicals or a mixture of -OR and -NR ₂ radicals.

Very particularly preferred compounds of formula I for use according to the invention are notable in that all of the R ¹ , R ² and R ³ radicals are para -OR and / or -NR ₂ substituents. They may be only -OR radicals, only -NR ₂ radicals or a mixture of -OR and -NR ₂ radicals.

In all cases, two R's in the -NR < ₂ > radicals may be different from each other, but they are preferably the same.

Preferably, each of A ¹ , A ² and A ³ is independently selected from the group consisting of the compounds of the formulas:

And

Here, m is an integer of 1 to 18,

R ⁴ is alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl, wherein R ⁴ is preferably an aryl radical, more preferably a phenyl radical,

R ⁵ and R ⁶ are each independently H, alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl,

Here, the aromatic and heteroaromatic rings of the depicted structures may optionally also have substitution. Wherein the degree of substitution of aromatic and heteroaromatic rings may vary from the maximum number of possible substituents in a single substitution.

Preferred substituents in the case of further substitution of aromatic and heteroaromatic rings include the substituents described above for one, two or three optionally substituted aromatic or heteroaromatic groups.

Preferably, the aromatic and heteroaromatic rings of the depicted structures do not undergo further substitution.

More preferably, each of A ¹ , A ² and A ³ independently is of the following formula:

or

More preferably the following formula:

or

More preferably, at least one compound of formula (I) has one of the following structures:

In an alternative embodiment, the organic p-type semiconductor comprises a compound of type ID322 having the structure:

Compounds for use in accordance with the present invention may be prepared by conventional methods of organic synthesis known to those skilled in the art. References to related (patent) documents can be found in the synthesis examples further illustrated below and / or in the disclosure of WO 2010/094636 A1.

Bending Bending sensing

The electrical resistance is proportional to the length of the conductor and inversely proportional to the cross section. Therefore, the resistance of the cathode electrode or the anode electrode will vary depending on the degree of bending. The configuration for detecting bending in this manner will be described in detail.

2A is an exemplary configuration of a display panel of a flexible display according to an embodiment of the present invention. A cross-sectional view taken along line A-A 'in Figure 2B is shown in Figure 2A. As shown in FIG. 2A, an anode or a cathode electrode 90 is formed of a transparent conductive polymer material on a transparent flexible substrate 80. An insulating layer 100 is formed on a portion of the electrode 90 by using an insulating material such as polyimide and then a barrier 110 is formed on the insulating layer 100. Next, an island-shaped spacer 120 is formed in the pixel region using another insulating material, and then a hole injecting layer 130, a hole transporting layer 140, a light emitting layer The electron transport layer 160 and the electron injection layer 170. The conductive material having a low work function such as an organic or metallic material is deposited on the cathode or the anode 180 .

2C shows a cathode electrode 90 or an anode electrode 90 arranged over the flexible third display region 1C of the present invention. That is, either the cathode electrode or the anode electrode of the organic light emitting element may continuously extend to the third display region. On the other hand, among the electrodes continuously extending in the third display region, there is a first electrode 90A extending in the extending direction of the third display region and the first and second display regions, And a second electrode 90B perpendicular to the extending direction of the first and second display regions. In one embodiment of the present invention, the degree of bending and the degree of bending can be measured by measuring the resistance across both ends of the first electrode, as shown in FIG. 2C, or by measuring the current. For example, in the case of corresponding to a predetermined maximum resistance, since bending is maximized, this case refers to the complete folding state of FIG. 1C, for example, when corresponding to a predetermined minimum resistance, Quot; unfolded " state of FIG. 1A. For example, if it is a specific value between the maximum resistance and the minimum resistance, the predetermined resistance value and the bending degree value are correlated And may correspond to a bending angle of a certain angle based on the predetermined correlation. For example, if it is an intermediate value between the maximum resistance value and the minimum resistance value, the degree of bending can be 90 degrees, which corresponds to FIG. 1B. These tables are as follows:

Resistance value Bending value Max Fully folded state value 1/2 of Max 90 degree bending Min Fully expanded state value

In the embodiment of FIG. 2C, the bending value corresponding to the predetermined maximum resistance value and the minimum resistance value for the electrode 90A and the specific value therebetween is stored as the table as described above for the flexible display area 1C of the display unit . That is, in the embodiment of FIG. 2C, the component 77A can store this table or predetermined relationship as a bendability decision part in the memory inside this decision part or in an external memory. Alternatively, the bending portion determining portion 77A can determine the bending degree by the following formula:

Bending diagram = 180 degrees * Resistance value - Minimum value ) / ( Maximum value - Minimum value )

In the above example, the degree of bend is determined with respect to the resistance, but conversely the degree of bend can be determined with respect to the current, which can be derived by those skilled in the art on the basis of the above-mentioned resistance.

The resistance of the cathode electrode or the anode electrode of the organic light emitting diode is measured. Alternatively, the dummy conductive member may be arranged in a direction parallel to the arrangement direction of the first display region, the second display region, and the third display region And the resistance of both ends of the dummy electrode can be measured. FIG. 2D is a bending measurement example according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 2D, a separate dummy electrode is formed, and this dummy electrode is electrically separated from the cathode electrode and the anode electrode of the organic light emitting element.

The dummy electrode may also be formed of a conductive polymer composite material in the context of the present invention. The conductive polymer composite material according to an embodiment is a composite material for a sensor capable of detecting a change in resistance by an electrical signal change, comprising: a core including a conductive nano material; And a one-dimensional composite body having a stretchable polymer shell on one or both surfaces of the core surface. Wherein the one-dimensional composite is a core / shell structure having a core comprising conductive nanocrystals and a stretch polymer shell on one or both sides of the core surface, wherein the core / shell structure deforms an electrical signal in the core, The structure can be applied to a sensor capable of detecting a change in resistance by an electrical signal change under a humid environmental condition. The core may further comprise a polymer. The polymer may include polyurethane, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, poly (styrene-butadiene-styrene) copolymer (SBS), polyethylene oxide, or a mixture thereof . The polymer may be connected to the conductive nano material to provide a greater channel for electrical signal transmission, thereby providing excellent conductivity. The stretchable polymer may be selected from the group consisting of polybutadiene, polystyrene, a styrene-butadiene copolymer, a poly (styrene-butadiene-styrene) copolymer (SBS), a poly (styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene) polybutylene-styrene (SEBS), ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM), acrylic rubber, polychloroprene rubber (CR), polyurethane (PU) Fluorine rubber, and butyl rubber.

FIGS. 3A through 3C are bending measurement examples according to an embodiment of the present invention. The hybrid sheet sensor including the conductive nanomaterials according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a hybrid sheet 40, a plurality of electrodes 60, a resistance meter (not shown), and a processor (not shown). The hybrid sheet 40 is prepared by mixing a conductive nanomaterial of a fiber structure and conductive nanomaterials of the plate structure in a predetermined ratio. The conductive nanomaterial of the fiber structure is exemplified by a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). The conductive nanomaterial of the fiber structure is not limited to this, and single-walled carbon nanotubes or finely cut carbon fibers may be used. For example, xGnPs (exfoliated Graphite NanoPlatelets) or NGPs (Nano Graphene Platelets) are used as the conductive nanomaterials of the plate-like structure. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the conductive nanomaterial of the plate-like structure may be a conductive, nanometer-thick plate-like structure. The hybrid sheet 40 may mix the MWCNT and NGP, and the MWCNT and xGnP may be mixed, and the MWCNT, NGP, and xGnP may be mixed. In this embodiment, the MWCNT-NGP hybrid sheet 30 in which the MWCNT and NGP are mixed and the MWCNT-xGnp hybrid sheet 20 in which the MWCNT and xGnP are mixed will be described. 3B shows the MWCNT-NGP hybrid sheet 30, the MWCNT-xGnp hybrid sheet 20, and the bucky paper 10 woven with the MWCNT alone. The bucky paper 10 is referred to for comparing the characteristics with the MWCNT-NGP hybrid sheet 30 and the MWCNT-xGnp hybrid sheet 20. Referring to FIG. 3C, the electrodes 60 are spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance along the circumference of the hybrid sheet 40. The plurality of electrodes 60 are connected to each other so as to form electrode pairs, and the resistance change of the electrode pairs is measured by the resistance meter (not shown). In Fig. 4, eight first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth electrodes 1 to 8 are provided.

In the above embodiment, the bending portion is also shown as a display. Alternatively, the bending portion is not a display portion, but can only play a flexible role. In this case, the flexible portion of the flexible display panel may be a flexible plastic material as a whole. That is, there is no TFT and the organic light emitting display portion, and only the flexible polymer substrate may exist.

"Processor" is used herein to include any combination of hardware, firmware, and software employed to process data or digital signals. The processing unit hardware may include, for example, ASICs (application specific integrated circuits), general purpose or special purpose central processing units (CPUs), digital signal processors (DSPs), graphics processing units (GPUs) Programmable logic devices such as field programmable gate arrays. Within the processing unit, as used herein, each function may be implemented by a CPU configured to perform the function, i. E., By hard-wired hardware, or to execute instructions stored in a non-volatile storage medium. It is performed by the more general purpose hardware. The processing portion may be fabricated on a single printed circuit board (PCB) or distributed across several interconnected PCBs. The processing portion may include other processing portions; For example, the processing unit may include two processing units interconnected on the PCB.

"Memory" refers to any non-volatile medium that stores data and / or instructions that cause the machine to operate in a particular manner. Such storage media may include non-volatile media and / or volatile media. For example, non-volatile media include optical or magnetic disks. For example, volatile media include dynamic memory. Common forms of storage media include, for example, a floppy disk, a flexible disk, a hard disk, a solid state drive, a magnetic tape, or any other magnetic data storage medium, CD-ROM, any other optical data storage medium, ROM, PROM, and EPROM, FLASH-EPROM, NVRAM, any other memory chip or cartridge.

As used herein, "one embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described is included in at least one embodiment. Accordingly, such phrases may refer to one or more embodiments. Furthermore, the described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. However, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the present invention may be implemented without one or more of the specific details, or may be implemented in other ways, resources, schemes, and the like. As another example, well-known structures, resources, or operations have not been shown or described in order to avoid merely obscuring aspects of the present invention.

As described above, the present invention has been described with reference to particular embodiments, such as specific elements, and specific embodiments and drawings. However, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above- And various modifications and changes may be made thereto by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains. Accordingly, the spirit of the present invention should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments described, and all of the equivalents or equivalents of the claims, as well as the following claims, belong to the scope of the present invention .

Claims

As a flexible display device,
And a display unit having a first display area, a second display area, and a third display area,
Wherein the third display region is flexible and the third display region is present between the first display region and the second display region, and the first display region and the second display region are positioned in the center of the third display region Bending each other,
Wherein the third display region comprises a matrix of organic light emitting elements,
Wherein the third display region includes an electrode that spans at least partially on the matrix,
Wherein the display includes a measurement unit for measuring resistance or current between both ends of the electrode,
Wherein the display comprises a bending degree determination module for determining a degree of bending between the first display area and the second display area based on the measured value of the measurement part.
Flexible display

The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the electrode comprises a cathode electrode or an anode electrode of organic light emitting devices,
Flexible display.

The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the electrode extends in a direction parallel to a direction in which the first display region, the second display region, and the third display region are arranged,
Flexible display.

The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the degree of bending is a maximum when a resistance value measured by the measuring unit corresponds to a predetermined maximum value and when the resistance value measured by the measuring unit corresponds to a predetermined minimum value, The display region and the third display region are located on the same plane,
Flexible display.

The method according to claim 1,
The bending degree is determined by the following equation:
Bending degree = 1 80 degrees * (present resistance value - minimum value ) / ( maximum value - minimum value )
Flexible display.

The method according to claim 1,
The electrode is a dummy electrode separate from the cathode or anode electrode of the OLEDs,
Wherein the dummy electrode is electrically separated from the cathode electrode or the anode electrode,
Flexible display.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
The electrode may be a flexible,
Flexible display.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
Wherein the electrode comprises a conductive polymer,
Flexible display.

As a flexible display,
And a display unit having a first display area, a second display area, and a third display area,
Wherein the third display region is flexible and the third display region is present between the first display region and the second display region, and the first display region and the second display region are positioned in the center of the third display region Bending each other,
Wherein the third display region comprises a matrix of organic light emitting elements,
Wherein the third display region comprises at least two electrodes arranged on the matrix,
Wherein the display includes a measurement unit for measuring resistance or current between the at least two electrodes,
Wherein the display comprises a bending degree determination module for determining a degree of bending between the first display area and the second display area based on the measured value of the measurement part.
Flexible display

10. The method of claim 9,
Wherein the two or more electrodes are electrically connected to each other by a composite sheet produced by mixing multi-walled carbon nanotubes having a fiber structure and NGP having a plate-like structure at a ratio of a maximum specific surface area,
Flexible display.

As a flexible display device,
And a first display portion and a second display portion bendable with respect to each other about the flexible bending portion,
And a bending degree determining section that determines a degree of bending of the flexible bending section based on a change in resistance of the flexible conductor disposed in the bending section,
A flexible display device.