KR20150102831A - Catalyst composition for internal combustion and method for supplying the catalyst composition - Google Patents
Catalyst composition for internal combustion and method for supplying the catalyst composition Download PDFInfo
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- KR20150102831A KR20150102831A KR1020140024516A KR20140024516A KR20150102831A KR 20150102831 A KR20150102831 A KR 20150102831A KR 1020140024516 A KR1020140024516 A KR 1020140024516A KR 20140024516 A KR20140024516 A KR 20140024516A KR 20150102831 A KR20150102831 A KR 20150102831A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/066—Zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/62—Platinum group metals with gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, tin or lead
- B01J23/622—Platinum group metals with gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, tin or lead with germanium, tin or lead
- B01J23/624—Platinum group metals with gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, tin or lead with germanium, tin or lead with germanium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/63—Platinum group metals with rare earths or actinides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J4/00—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
- B01J4/008—Feed or outlet control devices
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a catalyst composition for an internal combustion engine and a method for supplying the catalyst composition, wherein the catalyst composition for an internal combustion engine comprises a first catalyst group which is at least one of compounds comprising chloroplatinic acid, palladium chloride or rhodium chloride; 20 to 200 parts by weight of a second catalyst group, which is at least one of compounds containing rare earth, per 100 parts by weight of the first catalyst group; 10 to 50 parts by weight of organic germanium; And 10 to 50 parts by weight of a compound containing zirconium.
The catalyst composition for an internal combustion engine according to the present invention is environmentally friendly and has an effect of reducing fuel by oxidizing harmful substances through a harmful substance treatment method by setting an optimum content for each substance constituting the composition .
Description
The present invention relates to a catalyst composition for an internal combustion engine and a method for supplying the catalyst composition. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method of supplying a catalyst composition for an internal combustion engine, A rare earth element, an organic germanium, and zirconium, and can set a content of each material at an optimum ratio, thereby achieving high efficiency of a combustion treatment system and a method for supplying the same.
Generally, the gas discharged from the internal combustion engine is called exhaust gas and includes a large number of harmful substances such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, sulfur oxides, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen oxides and ammonia.
Since carbon monoxide is generated due to lack of oxygen during combustion, it does not occur when the mixture is diluted to a stoichiometric air / fuel ratio of the gasoline engine (ratio of air and gasoline that the mixture is completely burning) to 14.7% or more. Hydrocarbons are the least generated, but if they exceed the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio, the flame propagation is stopped, resulting in incomplete combustion, and carbon monoxide increases. Since nitrogen oxides are produced by the reaction of oxygen and nitrogen in the air at high temperatures, they become maximum at around the theoretical air-fuel ratio.
The internal combustion engine seals a mixture of fuel and air in a closed cylinder, compresses and ignites it, and burns the carbon in the fuel rapidly. After the combustion, the gas is discharged to the outside, and then the fresh mixer is sucked in again, and the gas to be discharged to the outside is the exhaust gas. It is the gasoline engine of a car that has a large amount of gas to be discharged. The pollution of the atmosphere in automobile exhaust gas contains harmful substances to the human body, and it became a social problem with the new pollution.
As environmental pollution and depletion of resources have come to the fore, there has been a continuing development of a fuel economy improving agent such as a soot reducing agent or a soot reducing agent. However, the recently developed soot reducing composition also has a degree of reduction of soot of 30 to 40%, and a fuel economy improvement effect of only 5 to 10%. Development of a fuel efficiency improvement vehicle has been made, but development of a composition having an excellent effect of reducing the smoke is urgent because environmental pollution and resource depletion progress speed is remarkably fast.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to solve such conventional problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for manufacturing a rare earth, particularly, cerium, lanthanum and the like, which can realize a metal compound of platinum, palladium, The present invention provides a catalyst composition for an internal combustion engine, which comprises a compound containing an organic germanium and zirconium.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a catalyst composition which induces a redox reaction of harmful substances generated in an internal combustion engine to realize combustion close to complete combustion, and is eco-friendly and greatly effective in fuel reduction.
It is also an object of the present invention to provide a catalyst composition for an internal combustion engine that can optimize the shape and size of each substance contained in the catalyst composition and realize the most optimized form of each substance, thereby exhibiting an optimum effect for an internal combustion engine.
In order to achieve the above object, a catalyst composition for an internal combustion engine according to an embodiment includes a first catalyst group, which is at least one of compounds containing rhombohedral, palladium chloride or rhodium chloride; 20 to 200 parts by weight of a second catalyst group, which is at least one of compounds containing rare earth, per 100 parts by weight of the first catalyst group; 10 to 50 parts by weight of organic germanium; And 10 to 50 parts by weight of a compound containing zirconium.
The first catalyst group may be in the form of a hexose.
The rare earth may be at least one of cerium and lanthanum.
The rare earth is in powder form, the compound containing cerium is 300 to 800 meshes, and the compound containing lanthanum may be 20 to 100 meshes.
The compound containing zirconium is zirconium oxide, and the zirconium oxide may be in a powder form of 150 to 500 meshes.
The pH of the catalyst composition for an internal combustion engine may be 4.2 to 5.5.
A method of supplying a catalyst composition according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a catalyst composition mixing step of mixing air provided through an air cleaner with the catalyst composition to form a mixed gas; A flow amount adjusting step of adjusting the flow amount of the mixed gas by passing the mixed gas through the catalyst composition mixing step and passing the mixed gas through a throttle body; And a fuel mixing step of mixing the fuel with the fuel supplied with the flow rate of which is controlled through the flow rate control step.
Further, the method of supplying the catalyst composition according to another embodiment of the present invention can be mixed with the air and the fuel by supplying the above-described catalyst composition through the supply part connected to the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.
According to the present invention, a catalyst composition containing at least one of platinum, palladium and rhodium as well as a substance capable of remarkably improving its catalytic activity can be provided, thereby improving the reaction rate and reactivity, Can be provided.
Further, it is possible to provide a catalyst composition for an internal combustion engine which is stable for an internal combustion engine and can increase the oxidizing power against harmful substances by specifically setting the shape of each substance.
In addition, it is theoretically possible to achieve complete combustion close to the air-fuel ratio through the oxidation-reduction reaction occurring in the combustion of the internal combustion engine, thereby achieving environment-friendly and fuel saving effect.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a flow of a change in combustion-treated components of an internal combustion engine equipped with a catalyst composition according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig.
2 is a flowchart sequentially showing a method of supplying a catalyst composition according to an embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a graph showing the soot concentration according to the vehicle speed of a vehicle equipped with a catalyst composition and a vehicle not mounted with the catalyst composition according to an embodiment of the present invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The advantages and features of the present invention and the manner of achieving them will become apparent with reference to the embodiments described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The present invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. To fully disclose the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art, and the invention is only defined by the scope of the claims. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout the specification.
Unless defined otherwise, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein may be used in a sense commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Also, commonly used predefined terms are not ideally or excessively interpreted unless explicitly defined otherwise.
Hereinafter, the catalyst composition for an internal combustion engine of the present invention will be described.
The catalyst composition for an internal combustion engine according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a first catalyst group which is at least one of compounds containing chloroplatinic acid, palladium chloride or rhodium chloride, a second catalyst group which is at least one of compounds containing rare earths, And zirconium.
The catalyst composition is useful for effectively reducing harmful gases such as hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO x ), and the like, which are produced by combustion of internal combustion engine fuel made of gasoline, light oil or LPG. Branch materials are combined in an optimal ratio.
The first catalyst group, which serves as the main catalyst component in the catalyst composition components, may be composed of at least one of chloroplatinic acid, palladium chloride or compounds containing rhodium chloride.
Platinum, palladium or rhodium metal itself may be used as a catalyst composition, but in the present invention, it is possible to remarkably increase the efficiency of the catalyst in an ion state by using a compound in the form of coupling with chlorine, It is advantageous in that the economical efficiency can be secured even when only metal is used.
In particular, chloroplatinic acid is strongly acidic and allows ionization to proceed rapidly toward neutral when diluted with distilled water.
The first catalyst group is preferably in the form of a hexahydrate.
Specifically, it may be chloroplatinic acid hexaphosphate (H 2 PtCl 2 6H 2 O), palladium chloride hexahydrate (PdCl 2 6H 2 O), or rhodium chloride hexahydrate (RhCl 3 6H 2 O). In the case of the hexavalent form, the time required for ionization in the dilution with distilled water is short and it is effective to function as a catalyst.
The second catalyst group may be at least one of the compounds comprising rare earths.
The first catalyst group enhances the activity of the main catalyst, which is the first catalyst group, and plays a role of oxidizing and reducing harmful substances by itself.
Rare earths are chemically very stable, well tolerated in dry air, and have relatively good chemical, electrical, and magnetic properties, which is effective as a catalyst composition component in an internal combustion engine where a high temperature environment is created.
The second catalyst group is preferably cerium or lanthanum in the rare earths, more preferably in the form of cerium oxide or lanthanum oxide.
Cerium and lanthanum are excellent in oxygen adsorption / desorption ability, and are excellent in redox power against harmful substances such as hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, so that the activity of the catalyst of the first catalyst group can be further increased.
The rare earths may be used in the form of powder in the form of a powder.
The cerium-containing compound is preferably in a powder form of 300 to 800 meshes, and more preferably 400 to 600 meshes. It is effective that the compound containing the lanthanum is in a powder form of 20 to 100 mesh, and more preferably 30 to 75 mesh.
If the size of the powder is smaller than the above range, the surface area becomes large, and when used in an internal combustion engine that generates high temperature, the reactivity becomes excessively large and can be dangerous. When the size of the powder is larger than the above range, There is a problem that it is difficult to obtain the effect of the present invention.
The size of the powder of the compound containing cerium may be larger than the size of the powder of the compound containing lanthanum. This is because cerium is superior in reactivity to lanthanum, and the size of powder that is safe for internal combustion engine and effective in oxidizing power and reducing power is found by several experiments.
The catalyst composition for an internal combustion engine may contain organic germanium.
The organic germanium is preferably represented by the formula (GeCH 2 CH 2 COOH) 2 O 3 , and the purity of germanium is preferably 40 to 48%, and particularly 42.8% is most effective.
The organic germanium is water-soluble and generates a large amount of anions to neutralize the cations to prevent oxidation and supply oxygen. In addition, organic germanium has a property of emitting light when energy is applied by radiation, so that it further enhances the oxidizing power of the first catalyst group having a strong oxidizing power.
The catalyst composition for an internal combustion engine may include zirconium.
The zirconium has strong resistance against corrosion, and is effective as a catalyst composition component used for an internal combustion engine because of its high corrosion resistance, high melting point and high thermal expansion coefficient.
Zirconium oxide, which is in the form of oxide, can be used as the compound containing zirconium.
Compounds containing cerium, particularly cerium oxide, can easily cause granular growth at high temperature to cause a problem of lowering catalytic activity. By using zirconium oxide, it is possible to stabilize cerium oxide and maintain the activity of the catalyst even at high temperature . Therefore, a compound containing zirconium will act as a stabilizer of rare earth rather than a catalyst itself.
In addition, zirconium oxide does not dissolve in acid or alkali. It has strong corrosion resistance in high temperature water compared with other metals, absorbs large amounts of oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen, and has high affinity with various gases and is highly reactive. There is a characteristic of burning quickly.
In the case of the zirconium oxide, it can be used in the form of a powder supported on distilled water.
It is effective that the powder size of the zirconium oxide is in the form of powder of 150 to 500 mesh, more preferably 200 to 350 mesh. When the size of the zirconium oxide powder is less than 150 mesh, it has a high strength and is not economical. When the size exceeds 500 mesh, the surface area is small and the ability to stabilize the rare earth metal is remarkably deteriorated.
The catalyst composition according to one embodiment of the present invention is mixed with general air to cause a chemical reaction in the combustion. In general, the internal combustion engine is a
The fuel injected into the internal combustion engine is composed of carbon and hydrogen. In particular, in the case of gasoline, C 8 H 18 is composed of a carbon component and a hydrogen component, and is burned in the combustion gas to be discharged into the atmosphere from the exhaust pipe, It contains hundreds of compounds. Carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, aldehydes, lead oxides, sulfur oxides, and PM in the exhaust gas are harmful to the human body and account for about 17% of the exhaust gas.
Combinations of these materials are combined to produce combustion in combustion. Oxidation and reduction reactions of the catalyst composition according to the present invention cause reactions of the following formulas (1) to (4) to produce harmless substances such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen gas or water .
[Chemical Formula 1]
2CO 2 + O 2 → 2CO 2
(2)
2H 2 + O 2 - > 2H 2 O
(3)
2NO + CO? CO 2 + N 2
[Chemical Formula 4]
2NO + 2H 2 → 2H 2 O +
The above reactant is burned as the gas generated from the catalyst composition is mixed with the general air and oxidized and reduced simultaneously by the chemical reaction in the combustion due to the strong compression. That is, carbon monoxide is converted into carbon dioxide while obtaining oxygen, and hydrocarbons are converted into water and carbon dioxide by bonding with oxygen, and nitrogen monoxide is converted into nitrogen and carbon dioxide by reacting with carbon monoxide. By this chemical reaction, the harmful gas can be treated as a harmless gas and completely burned.
Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the action of the catalyst composition in combustion. 1, a liquid catalyst composition is mounted in an engine, and the gas generated from the catalyst composition is mixed with fuel and air supplied in the combustion, and is discharged as water and carbon dioxide through the oxidation / reduction reaction by the mixture gas .
Hereinafter, a method of supplying the catalyst composition according to the present invention to the combustion chamber will be described with reference to Figs. 1 and 2. Fig.
The method of supplying the catalyst composition according to an embodiment may include a catalyst composition mixing step (S10), a flow amount adjusting step (S20), and a fuel mixing step (S30).
The catalyst composition mixing step (S10) is a step of mixing the air supplied through the air cleaner and the catalyst composition to form a mixed gas. The liquid catalyst composition is vaporized and supplied to the air cleaner And the throttle body.
The flow rate control step (S20) is a step of adjusting the flow amount of the mixed gas by passing the mixed gas through the catalyst composition mixing step (S10) and passing the throttle body. The throttle body may be in the form of a throttle valve.
The fuel mixing step S30 is a fuel mixing step in which the mixed gas whose flow rate is controlled through the flow rate adjusting step S20 is received and mixed with the fuel.
Here, the fuel may be diesel, gasoline, LPG, natural gas, a mixture of diesel and LPG, or a mixture of diesel and natural gas.
The gas phase of the liquid catalyst composition present in the mixed gas reacts with the fuel to significantly reduce the amount of soot generated through the oxidation / reduction reaction.
The method of supplying the catalyst composition according to another embodiment is directly supplied to the combustion chamber, and can be mixed with the air and the fuel present in the combustion chamber by being supplied through a supply portion connected to the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine in detail.
That is, the catalyst composition may be supplied between the air cleaner and the throttle body and supplied to the combustion chamber, or may be selected by supplying the air directly to the combustion chamber. In some cases, you can use both methods at the same time.
The following are experimental examples showing the effect of the catalyst composition according to the present invention. The vehicle used in the experimental example is a 2002 SM520 vehicle with a cumulative running distance of 146.8 km and a displacement of 1998 cc (4 cylinders). The results of each material were measured by light transmission 5GAS.
Example
A liquid catalyst composition was prepared by mixing a first catalyst group, a second catalyst group, organic germanium and zirconium oxide in a solution of distilled water, respectively. The manufactured catalyst composition was mounted on the engine, and the content of the discharged material was measured after the speed of the vehicle was gradually increased to 150 km / h.
Comparative Example
The amount of the discharged material was measured after the vehicle was operated by gradually increasing the speed to 150 km / h using a vehicle without the catalyst composition of the embodiment.
(ppm)
(%)
(%)
(ppm)
In Table 1, the content of HC was reduced by 1/32 times from 127 ppm to 3 ppm because HC was converted into carbon dioxide and water due to the strong oxidizing power of the catalyst composition.
In the case of CO 2 , it can be seen that the closer to the theoretical air-fuel ratio of the internal combustion engine, 14.7, the more the combustion is complete, and the value of 14.4 when the catalyst composition of the present invention is installed, This was also due to the oxidative power and oxygen release of the catalyst composition resulting in the production of CO 2 .
In the case of NO x , it was confirmed that the value was reduced from 91 ppm to 87 ppm due to the strong oxidizing power of the catalyst composition and reduced to nitrogen gas.
The catalyst composition for an internal combustion engine according to the present invention is formed of a substance having excellent affinity with oxygen and nitrogen in a treatment method in a combustion process so that gases compressed at high temperature and high pressure in combustion can cause chemical reaction at a high rate, Fuel ratio, which is close to the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio of 14.7. It is possible to improve the fuel efficiency and to exhibit the fuel saving effect and the high output effect, and the amount of the harmful gas discharged is remarkably reduced.
As in the internal combustion engine for gasoline, the diesel engine is injected into the combustion chamber at high pressure and mixed with the compressed air. Since this time is very short, the mixing ratio is not constant, and soot is generated at a rate that exceeds the mixing ratio , Allowing the harmful substance to be discharged by the catalyst composition. In detail, when HC and CO generated from the diesel engine fuel in the combustion react with oxygen, the first catalyst group included in the catalyst composition assists the oxidation reaction, and the second catalyst group, organic germanium and zirconium improve oxidizing power, Can be remarkably reduced.
3 graphically shows the relationship between the smoke concentration (%) and the vehicle speed of the vehicle equipped with the catalyst composition and the vehicle without the catalyst composition. Referring to FIG. 3, when the catalyst composition is installed, when the speed of the vehicle is small, the soot concentration drops to less than 0.5%, and even when the speed of the vehicle increases, the soot concentration generated compared to the vehicle equipped with the catalyst composition is remarkably small Able to know.
The scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but may be embodied in various forms of embodiments within the scope of the appended claims. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
With respect to 100 parts by weight of the first catalyst group,
20 to 200 parts by weight of a second catalyst group which is at least one of compounds containing rare earths;
10 to 50 parts by weight of organic germanium; And
And 10 to 50 parts by weight of a zirconium-containing compound.
Wherein the first catalyst group is in a hexahydrate form.
Wherein the rare earth is at least one of cerium and lanthanum.
Wherein the rare earth is in powder form, the compound containing cerium is 300 to 800 meshes, and the compound containing lanthanum is 20 to 100 meshes.
Wherein the zirconium-containing compound is zirconium oxide, and the zirconium oxide is in a powder form of 150 to 500 meshes.
Wherein the pH of the catalyst composition for an internal combustion engine is 4.2 to 5.5.
A catalyst composition mixing step of mixing the air supplied through the air cleaner and the catalyst composition to form a mixed gas;
A flow rate control step of controlling the flow rate of the mixed gas by passing the mixed gas through the catalyst composition mixing step and passing the throttle body; And
And a fuel mixing step of mixing the mixed gas with the fuel by controlling the amount of flow of the mixed gas through the flow rate adjusting step.
Wherein the catalyst composition is mixed with air and fuel by being supplied through a feed portion connected to the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.
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| KR20180049453A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2018-05-11 | 허기태 | Harmful exhaust gas reduction device for a boiler |
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