KR20150085795A - Method for battery management and battery management system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a battery management method. According to the present invention, an operating parameters range of a battery (10) is determined by a threshold with respect to a set of periodic and calendric stress factors. The set of periodic stress factors has at least the next measurable value, in other words, the maximum charge difference during an operating cycle of the battery (10), a temperature during an operating cycle of the battery (10), and average current intensity during an operating cycle of the battery (10). Moreover, the set of calendric stress factors has at least the next measurable value, in other words, a charge state during a stop of the battery (10), and a temperature during a stop of the battery (10). The present invention also relates to a battery management system (11) and a computer program, and a vehicle comprising a battery (10) including the battery management system (11).

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention [0001] The present invention relates to a battery management method,

The present invention relates to a battery management method. The present invention also relates to a computer program and a battery management system for carrying out the method, and a vehicle equipped with a battery.

DE 10 2010 051 008 A1 discloses a method for detecting and evaluating the aging phenomenon of a battery, wherein the periodic aging of the battery by charge and discharge and the reverse aging of the battery over time are distinguished. To determine the aging phenomenon, the relationship between the battery capacity and the OCV voltage is determined by comparing the OCV characteristic curve with the OCV characteristic curve of the aged battery in the new state of the battery.

DE 10 2012 007 157 A1 discloses a method for predicting the power output for a battery system, in which the measured values, such as the actual battery voltage, the actual battery current, the actual state of charge (SOC) Based on the other data, the long-term and short-term predicted values are determined, in particular the minimum permissible battery system voltage at discharge or the maximum permissible battery system voltage for charge or recuperation.

DE 199 10 287 A1 discloses an apparatus for judging or determining the availability of a battery, in which case the charging state and the aging state are included to maintain the battery within a desirable limit for the long life of the battery.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a battery management method and a battery management system that enable the aging of a battery to be maintained within a predetermined range.

This problem is solved by a battery management method and a battery management system according to the independent claims.

A battery management method according to the present invention includes:

comprising the steps of: a) determining a range of operating parameters of the battery by presenting a threshold value for a set of periodic and backward stress factors,

Wherein the set of periodic stress factors has at least the following measurable value: a maximum charge state difference during an operating cycle of the battery, a temperature during an operating cycle of the battery and an average current intensity during an operating cycle of the battery, Has at least the following measurable value, i.e. the charge state during the stop of the battery and the temperature during the stop of the battery,

b) determining the expected life of the battery,

c) determining periodic stress factors during battery operation and reverse stress factors during battery shutdown,

d) determining the actual life of the battery based on the aging factors assigned to the determined periodic and adverse stress factors,

e) comparing the expected life and actual life of the battery, and

f) limiting the range of operating parameters of the battery if the actual lifetime is greater than the expected lifetime.

The operation of the battery includes charging and discharging of the battery. The operating cycle is defined as the period of operation of the battery. The termination of the battery means that the battery is not charged or discharged, and the self-discharge current in the battery cell is excluded.

The cyclic stress factors? _SOC , T _B , I _RMS are preferably determined in step c)

, Where Z _i is determined from {Δ _SOC , T _B , I _RMS }. In other words,

C _{T -1} represents the capacity output by the battery up to the time point T-1, C _T represents the capacity output by the battery up to the time point T, and ΔC represents the capacity output by the battery at the time interval [T-1, t] Capacity output. The value of the current intensity as a measure of the capacity output is integrated over time.

Inverse Stress Factors SOC and T _S Is preferably used in step C)

, Where K _i is determined from {SOC, T _S }. In other words,

In step d) the aging factors are determined either as a function or as a function of a look-up table stored in a memory unit of the battery management system.

In step d) firstly preferably the periodic lifetime

And the reverse legal life span

AF (Z _i ), Z _i is determined from {Δ _SOC , T _B , I _RMS } representing the aging factors assigned to the cyclic stress factors, AF (K _i ), K _i Is determined from {SOC, T _S } indicating the aging factors assigned to the inverse statistical stressors, and II _i is the product of the index quantity i.

The actual lifetime is determined in step d) preferably as a function of the cyclic lifetime L _z (T) and the inverse legal lifetime L _K K (T), for example as a product, sum or average value.

According to an embodiment, the set of periodic stress factors also has the following measurable value: peak current intensity during the operating cycle of the battery. The peak current intensity during the operating cycle of the battery is indicated by I _PEAK . The periodic lifetime is similarly formed in step d), and the peak current intensity during the operating cycle of the battery is calculated as another factor into the product.

Steps c), d), e), f) are repeated for the specified period. The prescribed period is preferably a period of between one day and 60 days, and includes for example one month.

After limiting the operating range of the battery in step f), steps c), d) and e) are repeated and if the actual life falls below the expected life, the range of operating parameters of the battery is again magnified.

According to the present invention, there is also provided a computer program in which one of the methods described herein is implemented, when the computer program is run on a programmable computer device. The computer program is, for example, a module for implementing a battery management system or, in particular, a module for implementing a subsystem in a vehicle. The computer program may be stored on a machine-readable memory medium, for example, on a non-volatile memory medium or rewritable memory medium, or on a computer device or on a removable CD-ROM, DVD or USB flash drive. Additionally or alternatively, a computer program may be provided to a computing device, such as a server or a cloud system for downloading, for example via a data network such as the Internet or through a communication connection such as a telephone line or a wireless connection .

According to the present invention, there is provided a battery management system of a vehicle, in particular, a current sensor, a voltage sensor, a temperature sensor,

A unit for determining periodic stress factors based on the data or measurements of the sensors,

A unit for determining inverse statistical stress factors based on the data or measurements of the sensors,

A unit for determining an actual life of the battery based on the aeration factors assigned to the determined periodic and back-matter stress factors,

A unit for comparing an expected life of the battery with an actual life of the battery, and

A battery management system is provided that includes a unit that limits the range of operating parameters of the battery when the actual life span is greater than the expected life span.

The unit that limits the operating parameter range of the battery is preferably designed to widen the operating parameter range if the actual service life again falls below the expected service life at a later point in time after the operating parameter range has been limited.

A unit that limits the range of operating parameters of the battery is designed to provide a range of operating parameters to the additional control unit on the vehicle bus, especially the CAN bus.

Preferably, the battery management system is configured and / or designed to implement the methods described herein. Accordingly, the features described within the scope of the method are applied corresponding to the battery management system, and vice versa.

The units of the battery management system are functional units that do not necessarily have to be physically separated from each other. In particular, when a plurality of functions are implemented in a control device by software, a plurality of units of the battery management system can be implemented as a single physical unit. The units may be implemented as hardware modules, for example, sensor units, memory units and custom ICs, or may be implemented in software technology.

According to the present invention, there is also provided a vehicle provided with such a battery management system. The battery assigned to the battery management system is connected to the drive system of the vehicle. The method can be applied to an electric vehicle (EV) or a hybrid vehicle.

The method according to the invention makes it possible that the aging of the battery can be kept within a predetermined range. This protects the user of the battery from loss of sensitive output power or loss of energy in the battery. For manufacturers of batteries, the possible coverage costs for claims are reduced.

In the event that the aging scenario, which is used to determine the "normal use case" of a battery and is used to determine a possible compensation claim, is matched to the consumer of the battery, the "normal use case" Loses.

Proper integration of the parameters considered in the aging of the battery also has the effect that if the parameters are outside the acceptable range, the user does not immediately influence the behavior. Rather, the behavior of the limit with or with errors in one parameter can be compensated by the desired behavior in other parameters. This achieves a trade-off between customer satisfaction and the required warranty by the manufacturer.

Embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings and described in detail below.

1 is a battery having a battery management system.

1 shows a battery 10 having a battery management system 11 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The battery 10 is mounted, for example, in a vehicle.

The battery 10 includes a current sensor 12, a voltage sensor 16 and a temperature sensor 20 which are connected to the battery management system 11 via corresponding interfaces 14, 18, / RTI >

The plurality of functional units described below of the battery management system 11 relate to the operating cycle or stop of the battery 10 or the vehicle. The units are combined with the necessary information, for example an additional unit (not shown) which transmits the start and end of the operating cycle of the battery 10 or the start and end of the stopping of the battery 10. [

The battery management system 11 includes a unit 24 for determining the average current intensity during the operating cycle of the battery 10. [ The unit 24, which determines the average current intensity, receives and processes the data and / or measurements of the current sensor 12. The unit averages the current intensity, for example by adding or integrating the values of the current intensity for the duration of the operating cycle and subsequently dividing by the duration of the operating cycle.

The battery management system 11 includes an additional unit 26 for determining the maximum current intensity during the operating cycle of the battery 10. [ The unit 26 for determining the maximum current intensity receives and processes the data and / or measurements of the current sensor 12, and the maximum current intensity is determined by the data or measurements.

The battery management system 11 includes a unit 28 for determining the state of charge during stoppage of the battery 10. A unit 28 for determining the state of charge receives and processes the measured values and / or data of the voltage sensor 16. The unit 28 for determining the state of charge determines the state of charge by referring to the stored SOC-OCV characteristic curve of the battery 10, for example.

The battery management system 11 includes a unit 30 for determining the maximum charge state difference during the operating cycle of the battery 10. [ The unit 30, which determines the maximum charge state difference during the operating cycle, receives and processes the measured values and / or data of the voltage sensor 16. The unit also determines the state of charge by the stored SOC-OCV characteristic curve of the battery 10. During the operating cycle, the maximum charge state and the minimum charge state are determined, from which the difference that forms the maximum charge state difference during the operating cycle is calculated.

The battery management system 11 includes a unit 32 for determining the temperature during the shutdown of the battery 10 and a unit 34 for determining the temperature during the operating cycle of the battery 10, And / or < / RTI > data.

The battery management system 11 includes an additional unit 36 for determining periodic stress factors. The unit 36 for determining periodic stress factors comprises a unit 24 for determining an average current intensity, a unit 26 for determining a maximum current intensity, a unit 30 for determining a maximum charge state difference, And receives and processes the data and / or measurements of the determining unit 34. The data of the unit 36 for determining periodic stress factors is provided to the unit 40 which determines the actual periodic life.

The unit 40 for determining the actual periodic lifetime determines the actual periodic lifetime based on the aging factors taken from the memory unit 44 where the aging factors are stored in the form of a look-up table or function.

The battery management system 11 includes an additional unit 38 for determining backtrack stress factors. The unit 38 for determining the backtrack stress factors receives and processes the data and / or measurements of the unit 28 for determining the state of charge and the unit 32 for determining the temperature during stoppage. The inverse stress factors are determined in the parking mode, particularly during the so-called wake-up phase of the control device in which the battery management system 11 is implemented, in which case the averaged charge state and the averaged temperature value over time are determined . The data of the unit 38 that determines the backtrack stress factors is provided to the unit 42 which determines the actual reverse legal lifetime.

The actual reverse legal lifetime determining unit 42 determines the actual reverse lifetime based on the inverse statistical stress factors and the aging factors assigned to the inverse statistical stress factors, And is taken out from the memory unit 44 stored in the form of a memory.

The battery management system 11 also includes a unit 46 for determining the actual life of the battery 10. The unit 46 for determining the actual lifetime is based on the data of the unit 40 that determines the actual periodic lifetime and the unit 42 that determines the actual reverse lifetime, for example, the actual periodic lifetime and the actual reverse legal lifetime As a sum or as an average value.

The unit 48 for comparing the expected life of the battery with the actual life of the battery 10 specifies the data of the unit 46 that determines the actual life together with the corresponding value or function of the expected life span stored in the memory unit 50 And regularly receive and process them according to time intervals. If the actual life of the battery 10 exceeds the expected lifetime, the unit 48 for comparing the expected life and the actual lifetime may provide a corresponding data and / or measurement value to the unit 52).

The unit 52, which limits the operating parameter range of the battery 10,

And

, And compares the aging factors assigned to the inverse and periodic stress factors with the setpoints, where AF (Z _i ) and AF (K _i ) are related to the cyclic and inverse statistical stress factors Z _i and K _{i Represents the} actual life span, and AF _Soll (K _i , Z _i ) represents the expected life span. Unit 52, which limits the operating parameter range of battery 10, determines the periodic and backtrack stress factors Z _i and K _i whose actual life span has exceeded the expected life span. The unit 52 for limiting the operating parameter range of the battery 10 stores the actual effective operating parameter ranges of the cyclic and negative stress factors Z _i and K _i whose actual life span exceeded the expected life span, 54, determines a new operating parameter range, and stores the newly determined operating parameter range in the memory unit 54 as the actual effective operating parameter range. The initial data supply of the memory unit 54 represents an aging scenario in which the manufacturer of the battery 10 matches the consumer of the battery 10 and the aging scenario is defined as & do.

The reaction method is described below. In this case, it is assumed that the actual lifetime has exceeded the expected lifetime, which is due to at least one aging factor assigned to the inverse and periodic stress factors.

If the charge state deviates from the operating parameter range of the charged state, one or more required charge state values are provided to the vehicle bus. A control unit that affects the charging strategy or the recovery strategy may set the required charging state value in the vehicle.

When the temperature is exceeded during stoppage, the battery parameter range for the battery 10 is reduced or a longer follow-up time of the vehicle operation is set, so that better tempering of the battery 10 is achieved.

When the maximum charge state difference is exceeded, the limits are more strongly reduced, for example, the internal combustion engine is started earlier in a hybrid vehicle. According to the first embodiment, this is implemented by a lookup table as will be briefly described in the following embodiments. The initial data supply of the vehicle is made according to Table 1 below and the entries in the table represent the maximum discharge output in watts.

Table 1

If the aging factor for the maximum charge state difference exceeds the set value for the aging factor by, for example, 2, then the data supply according to Table 2 below can be set and the items in the table represent the maximum discharge power in watts:

Table 2

According to a second possibility, the maximum discharge output (watt) is reduced by an if / else-query at a particular charge state value or set to zero,

For example

In the above equation, SOC represents the charging state and P represents the discharge output.

According to the third embodiment, depending on the magnitude of the ratio of the aging factor, the charge state threshold value is newly calculated by the function,

For example

And

In order to prevent SOC_Upper_Limit_Neu from becoming negative, a boundary condition, for example, AF_Ratio? 10, may be provided.

For AFRatio = 3, for example, a new range [30% ... 63%] is given from the previous range [10% ... 90%}].

When the temperature is exceeded during the operating cycle, the operating temperature may drop. In this case, for example, a linear function, that is,

Or an exponential function with exponents of integers, for example

Is used, a corresponding limit to the effective range is determined.

If the average current intensity is exceeded during the operating cycle, the peak current intensity may drop slightly, e.g., 5% or 10%, and / or the average current intensity may drop significantly, such as 20% to 50%. The limitation of the operating parameter range can be represented by a linear function or by an algorithm in another manner,

For example

And / or

The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein and the aspects appearing therein. Rather, numerous modifications are possible that fall within the ordinary knowledge of those skilled in the art within the scope of the claims.

10: Battery
11: Battery management system
12, 16, and 20 sensors
44: memory unit

Claims (11)

A battery management method comprising:
a) determining a range of operating parameters of the battery (10) by presenting a threshold value for a set of periodic and backward stress factors,
Wherein the set of periodic stress factors comprises at least the following measurable values: a maximum charge state difference during an operating cycle of the battery (10), a temperature during the operating cycle of the battery (10) Having an average current intensity during the operating cycle,
The set of inverse statistical factors has at least the following measurable value: the charge state during the stop of the battery 10 and the temperature during the stop of the battery 10,
b) determining an expected life of the battery (10)
c) determining the inverse stress factors during the shutdown of the battery (10) with the cyclic stress factors during operation of the battery (10)
d) determining the actual life of the battery (10) based on the aging factors assigned to the determined periodic and adverse stress factors,
e) comparing the expected life span of the battery (10) to the actual life span of the battery (10), and
f) limiting the operating parameter range of the battery (10) if the actual life time is greater than the expected life expectancy. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the cyclic stress factors are determined in step c)

, Wherein Z ₁ is determined from { _SOC , T _B , I _RMS }. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
If the inverse statistical stressors are present in step c)

, Wherein K _i is determined from {SOC, T _S }. 4. The battery management system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the aging factors are determined in step d) on the basis of a look-up table or as a function, The battery management method comprising the steps of: 5. The method of claim 4, wherein in step d)

And the reverse legal life span

, Where AF represents the aging factors assigned to the cyclic and adverse stress factors Z _i and K _i and the actual lifetime is determined based on the function of the cyclic lifetime and the inverse legal lifetime A battery management method characterized by. 6. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the set of periodic stress factors has the following measurable value: peak current intensity during the operating cycle of the battery (10). 7. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein steps c), d), e), f) are repeated within a predetermined period. 8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein steps c), d), e) are repeated after limiting the operating range of the battery (10) in step f) The operating parameter range of the battery (10) is again enlarged. 9. A computer program for implementing one of the methods according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the computer program is run on a programmable computer device. A battery management system (11) for implementing one of the methods according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising a current sensor (12), a voltage sensor (16), a temperature sensor (20)
A unit 36 for determining a periodic stress factor based on the data or measurements of the sensors 12, 16, 20,
A unit 38 for determining an inverse stress factor based on the data or measurements of the sensors 12, 16, 20,
A unit 46 for determining the actual life of the battery 10 based on the aeration factors assigned to the determined periodic and back-matter stress factors,
A unit 48 for comparing the expected life of the battery 10 with the actual life of the battery 10,
And a unit (52) for limiting the operating parameter range of the battery (10) when the actual life is greater than the expected life expectancy. A vehicle (10) comprising a battery management system (11) according to claim 10.

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