KR20150013252A - Apparatus for resource-friendly separation of magnetic particles from non-magnetic particles - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an apparatus for separating magnetic particles (1, 2, 10) from a dispersion comprising magnetic particles (1, 2, 10) and non-magnetic particles (9) At least one looped conduit that forms 90 to 350 degrees of the percussive arc, at least one looped conduit which is movable along the conduit and which forcibly moves the magnetic particles (1, 2, 10) to the at least one first outlet (5) One magnet (13), and at least one second outlet (6) through which the non-magnetic particles (9) forcibly pass, the device comprising at least a first fluid reservoir for treating at least a portion of the dispersion or dispersion with a hydrophilic liquid One first means 11, and at least one second means 12 for treating a portion of the dispersion or dispersion with a hydrophobic liquid. In addition, the invention relates to the use of an apparatus according to the invention for separating said magnetic particles (1, 2, 10) from a dispersion comprising magnetic particles (1, 2, 10) and non- .

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0001] The present invention relates to an apparatus for separating magnetic particles from non-magnetic particles in a resource-friendly manner. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0002]

The present invention relates to an apparatus for separating magnetic particles from a dispersion comprising magnetic particles and non-magnetic particles, the apparatus comprising at least one looped conduit forming 90 to 350 degrees of the arc through which the dispersion flows, At least one magnet for moving the magnetic particles to at least one first outlet, and at least one second outlet for forcing the non-magnetic particles to move along the at least one first outlet, At least one first means for treating a portion of the dispersion or the dispersion with a hydrophilic liquid, and at least one second means for treating a portion of the dispersion or dispersion with a hydrophobic liquid. In addition, the invention relates to the use of the device according to the invention for separating said magnetic particles from a dispersion comprising magnetic particles and non-magnetic particles.

Processes and devices for separating magnetic components from a dispersion containing magnetic components and non-magnetic components are well known to those skilled in the art.

WO 2010/031617 A1 discloses a device for separating ferroalloy particles from a suspension comprising a tubular reactor and a plurality of magnets arranged outside the reactor, the magnets being conveyed by a rotary conveyor to the vicinity of the particle extractor And is movable along at least a portion of the length of the reactor. The reactor is a linear tube, but not a loop type. Cleaning of the fractions is not described.

US 6,149,014 discloses a mill magnet separator and a method for separation which separates tramp metal from a full flow discharge of a grinding mill having a feed box providing overflow capacity Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > magnetic < / RTI > The separation of the magnetic particles of the mentioned dispersion is achieved by the stationary magnets arranged inside the rotating drum. The mentioned document does not disclose any specific arrangement of gravity related devices.

EP 0 520 917 A1 discloses a method and apparatus for magnetic separation. The apparatus includes fixed low strength magnets and a magnetic separator having a rotating drum surrounded by a wall to obtain a long magnetic separation zone. The mentioned document does not disclose any arrangement of devices related to gravity.

US 3,489,280 discloses a magnetic separator having field shaping poles. The separator according to this document is a drum type separator, and the stationary magnets are arranged inside a drum partially surrounded by a wall. The dispersion flows through the conduit thus made. The magnets are also arranged on opposite sides of this channel. The mentioned document does not disclose any arrangement of gravity related devices and the flushing of the self-isolated fraction is not recorded.

SU 1240451 A1 discloses a separator for separating magnetic particles from a dispersion containing magnetic particles and non-magnetic particles by a disk-type magnetic separator comprising fixed magnets on the outside of the disks. The conduit is formed inside the disks and the dispersion to be treated flows through the conduit. The magnets are located at alternate positions on either side of the disk and move from one side of the conduit to the other to break the magnetic layer. The magnetic fraction is washed away from the disk-shaped conduit by the cleaning fluid, but the cleaning of the magnetic fraction is not recorded. The mentioned document does not disclose any arrangement of devices related to gravity.

SU 1470341 A1 discloses a separator for separating magnetic particles from dispersants comprising magnetic particles and non-magnetic particles by means of a drum separator, which separates the magnetic particles and non-magnetic particles into a dispersion to be separated And a long path along the drum to which the magnetic field is applied.

WO 98/06500 discloses an apparatus and method for separating particles. The apparatus includes means for generating a rotating magnetic field, such as a rotating magnetic drum. The conduit through which the dispersion to be separated flows is immediately adjacent to the magnets, and the conduit is looped or linear. Separation is carried out using this rotation as a force to induce rotation on the particles to be separated and to isolate the magnetizable particles, which can be thought of as coarse particles. It is not disclosed in the literature that the entire reactor is arranged in relation to gravity in such a way as to improve the separation of magnetic and non-magnetic particles.

EP 1524038 A1 discloses a separator for separating magnetic particles from a dispersion containing magnetic particles and non-magnetic particles by a loop type separator using a magnetic force to separate the magnetic fraction, which is assisted by centrifugal force and gravity, Gravity acts across the flow direction due to the horizontal location of the loop and does not efficiently separate non-magnetic components from magnetic components. It is not disclosed to clean the self-fractions in any way.

In a process for separating the beneficial substances from the ores by magnetically removing these magnetic aggregates by attaching values to the magnetic particles, in particular the magnetite, in order to obtain magnetic agglomerates, It is very important that the magnetite or magnetic material used as a carrier for useful materials can be recycled to the process. Moreover, in such a process, aggregates containing useful and magnetic materials are preferably treated with an aqueous solution comprising surfactants. This aqueous solution containing surfactants is then passed through the process, with very small amounts of surfactants sticking to the useful material and a very small amount of surfactants being attached to the hydrophobic magnetic carrier particles. To increase the cost effectiveness of this process, the surfactant used to separate the agglomerates must also be recycled to the process. Furthermore, by recirculating the surfactant used to separate the magnetic carrier particles and agglomerates, a more environmentally friendly process can be designed. The process in which the substrates used, for example the magnetic material and / or the surfactant are recycled, result in a greatly improved efficiency of the overall process.

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for separating magnetic components from a preferably aqueous dispersion comprising magnetic components and non-magnetic components, in order to increase the efficiency of the process, , A very small proportion of the non-magnetic components will be separated.

Furthermore, since there are essentially non-magnetic components in the separation of naturally occurring ores, essentially oxidic compounds obtained as slag in the work-up of ore minerals by smelting and adversely affecting the smelting process, It is advantageous if non-magnetic components are present in the fraction to be separated. Thus, it is also an object of the present invention to provide a process for separating naturally occurring ores so that a very small amount of slag is obtained in a subsequent smelting process.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a device that can be operated with a small amount of magnetic material and a small amount of surfactant that must be added to the process in each circle. In order to solve this object, it is necessary to provide an apparatus which gives an opportunity for the surfactant and the magnetic material to be recirculated at a very high ratio.

These objects are achieved by an apparatus for separating magnetic particles from a dispersion comprising magnetic particles and non-magnetic particles according to the present invention, said apparatus comprising: At least one magnet that is movable along the conduit and forces the magnetic particles to move to the at least one first outlet, and at least one second The apparatus comprising at least one first means for treating the dispersion or a portion of the dispersion with a hydrophilic liquid and at least one second means for treating a portion of the dispersion or the dispersion with a hydrophobic liquid, Further comprising means.

The apparatus of the present invention serves to separate the magnetic components from a dispersion containing magnetic components and non-magnetic components. Generally, the apparatus can be used to separate all magnetic components from non-magnetic components, which preferably form a dispersion in water.

Figure 1 shows the main part of the device according to the invention and according to a first preferred embodiment the hydrophobic magnetic aggregates are separated from the non-self-hydrophilic particles.
Figure 2 shows the main part of the device according to the invention and according to a second preferred embodiment the hydrophobic magnetic particles are separated from the non-magnetic hydrophobic particles.

The device according to the invention can preferably be used in two possible embodiments.

According to a first preferred embodiment, the at least one magnetic particle comprises at least one first material which has been treated to be hydrophobic or hydrophobic, preferably those which are generally present in naturally occurring ores, and at least one hydrophobic or hydrophobic treated Is a hydrophobic bound aggregate comprising one magnetic material, preferably a hydrophobised magnetite. In this first embodiment, the at least one non-magnetic particle present in the dispersion is a gangue which is generally present in at least one second material, preferably naturally occurring ores. This preferred first embodiment of the present invention is illustrated by way of example in Fig.

According to a second preferred embodiment, the at least one magnetic particle comprises a hydrophobic magnetic material, preferably a hydrophobic magnetite used for separating the goods from the gangue in the naturally occurring ores, particularly preferably a hydrophobically bonded magnet according to the first embodiment It is the magnetite used to provide aggregates. In this second embodiment, the at least one non-magnetic particle present in the dispersion is a mixture of at least one first material, preferably useful substances present in naturally occurring ores, particularly preferably hydrophobic or hydrophobic, Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > hydrophobically-linked < / RTI > This second preferred embodiment of the present invention is illustrated by way of example in Fig.

According to a further embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus of the present invention is preferably used to separate magnetic components, such as naturally occurring magnetite, from naturally occurring ores before further work-up of ores.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus according to the present invention comprises means for sequentially performing both steps according to the first and second embodiments. First, the magnetic agglomerates are separated from the at least one nonmagnetic second material, and in a second step, after desagglomeration, at least one magnetic particle present in the magnetic agglomerates is separated from the at least one first material .

In a preferred embodiment, the process of the present invention serves to separate the aqueous dispersions resulting from the work-up of the naturally occurring ores.

In a further preferred embodiment of the process of the present invention, the aqueous dispersion to be separated is derived from a process for separating said at least one first material from a mixture comprising at least one first material and at least one second material , The at least two materials are separated from one another by treating the mixture in the aqueous dispersion with at least one magnetic particle thereby resulting in at least one first material and at least one magnetic particle agglomeration so that the at least one second material is preferably At least one second material and at least one magnetic particle of the aqueous dispersion that do not aggregate to form non-magnetic components of the aqueous dispersion.

The agglomeration of at least one first material and at least one magnetic particle forming magnetic components generally occurs as a result of attraction interaction between the particles.

According to the present invention, for example, the particles are cohesive because the surface of the at least one first material is intrinsically hydrophobic or, if appropriate, hydrophobized by treatment with at least one surface modifying material. Since the magnetic particles likewise have a hydrophobic surface or are hydrophobic if added properly, the particles aggregate as a result of hydrophobic interaction. The at least one second material preferably has a hydrophilic surface such that the magnetic particles and the at least one second material are not agglomerated. The process for forming these magnetic aggregates is described, for example, in WO 2009/030669 A1. For all details of this process, this disclosure is clearly referred to.

For the purposes of the present invention, "hydrophobic" means that the corresponding particles can be further hydrophobicized by treatment with at least one surface modifying material. It is also possible that the intrinsic hydrophobic particles are additionally hydrophobicized by treatment with at least one surface modifying material.

"Hydrophobic" means, for the purposes of the present invention, that the surface of the corresponding "hydrophobic material" or "hydrophobic material" "Hydrophilic" means, for the purposes of the present invention, that the surface of the corresponding "hydrophilic material" has a contact angle of less than 90 ° with water in contact with air.

According to the present invention, the at least one hydrophobic liquid is generally a liquid that interacts with water as a non-mixing partner by forming apolar domains, i.e., cells, in the water, resulting in a hydrophobic effect. Examples of preferred hydrophobic liquids according to the invention are selected from the group consisting of aqueous solutions of surfactants, alcohols having an alkyl long chain, for example from 4 to 18, preferably from 4 to 15 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof do.

Preferred surfactants are selected from the group consisting of nonionic, anionic, cationic or mixed ionic surfactants and mixtures thereof.

According to the present invention, preferred examples of non-ionic surfactants are selected from the group consisting of fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, preferably fatty alcohol polyethylene glycol ethers and mixtures thereof.

According to the present invention, preferred examples of anionic surfactants are selected from the group consisting of alkylbenzenesulfonates, secondary alkylsulfonates, alpha-olefinsulfonates, fatty alcohol sulfonates, fatty alcohol ether sulfates and mixtures thereof .

According to the present invention, preferred examples of cationic surfactants are selected from the group consisting of stearyltrimethylammonium salts and mixtures thereof.

According to the present invention, preferred examples of the mixed ionic surfactants are selected from the group consisting of sultaines, fatty acid amido alkyl hydroxysultaines, alkyl betaines and mixtures thereof.

According to the present invention, particularly preferred surfactants are selected from the group consisting of sodium-alkylphenol ether sulfates.

According to the present invention, the at least one hydrophilic liquid is generally a liquid which is completely miscible with water and forms only one phase with water. Examples of hydrophilic liquids according to the invention are selected from the group consisting of water, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, for example n-propanol, iso-propanol and mixtures thereof. Preferably, water is used as a hydrophilic liquid.

The formation of magnetic aggregates, i.e. magnetic components which can be separated by the apparatus of the present invention, can also occur through other attraction interactions, for example through the pH-dependent zeta potential of the corresponding surfaces, International Publication WO 2009/010422 and WO 2009/065802. Additional methods for attaching magnetic particles and particles to be separated include the application of these functional molecules, for example as described in WO2010 / 007075. Other methods for attaching the magnetic particles and the particles to be separated include the application of molecules that are hydrophobic or hydrophilic depending on the temperature as described, for example, in WO2010 / 007157.

In a preferred embodiment of the device of the present invention, at least one first material forming magnetic components with magnetic particles is at least one hydrophobic metal compound or coal and at least one second material forming non-magnetic components is preferred At least one hydrophilic metal compound.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the at least one hydrophobic metal compound is selected from the group consisting of sulphide ores, oxide ores, carbonate ores, noble metals in elemental form, compounds comprising noble metals and mixtures thereof .

Accordingly, the present invention preferably provides a process for the preparation of a composition, wherein the at least one hydrophobic metal compound is selected from the group consisting of sulphide ores, oxide ores, carbonate containing ores, noble metals in elemental form, To a device according to the invention.

In a further preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, the at least one hydrophilic metal compound is selected from the group consisting of metal oxide compounds, metal hydroxide compounds and mixtures thereof.

Accordingly, the invention preferably relates to an apparatus according to the invention in which at least one hydrophilic metal compound is selected from the group consisting of metal oxide compounds, metal hydroxide compounds and mixtures thereof.

Examples of the at least one first material to be separated are ores ores containing oxides and / or carbonates, such as, for example, copper (Cu ₃ (CO ₃ ) ₂ (OH) ₂ ] or malachite [Cu ₂ [ ) ₂ C0 _3]], bust four sites (Y, Ce, La) CO 3 F, monazite (RE) P0 ₄ (RE = rare earth metal) or Krishna small coke _{(Cu, Al) 2 H 2} Si 2 0 5 ( OH) ₄ .nH ₂ O, noble metals in elemental form, and compounds capable of selectively attaching surface modifying compounds to generate hydrophobic surface properties . Examples of noble metals that may be present as at least a first material are preferably noble metals or alloys with sulphides, phosphides, selenides, tellurides or with bismuth, antimony and / or other metals such as Au, Pt, Pd, Rh .

Examples of sulfide ores that can be separated according to the present invention include, but are not limited to, Kowelite CuS, molybdenum (IV) sulfide, chalcopyrite (cooper iron sulfide) CuFeS ₂ , boronite Cu ₅ FeS ₄ , ₂ S, pendandalite (Fe, Ni) ₉ S ₈ , and mixtures thereof.

At least one of the suitable metal oxide compound that may be present as a second material of are preferably silicon dioxide SiO _2, jangseokryu example a silicate, aluminosilicate, such as, for example albayiteu Na (Si ₃ Al) according to the invention O _8, mica, such as commerce nose byte _{KAl 2 [(OH, F)} 2 AlSi 3 O 10], garnet ^{(Mg, Ca, Fe ⅱ)} 3 (Al, Fe ⅲ) s ₂ (Si0 _{4) 3} and further related minerals And mixtures thereof.

Therefore, the ore mixtures obtained from the mineral burial layer and treated with suitable magnetic particles are preferably treated with the apparatus of the present invention.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mixture comprising at least one first material and at least one second material is present in the form of particles having a size of from 100 nm to 200 μm; See, for example, US 5,051,199. The preferred ore mixtures have a content of at least 0.01% by weight, preferably 0.5% by weight, particularly preferably at least 3% by weight of the sulfiding material.

Examples of sulfide minerals present in mixtures which can be treated according to the present invention are those mentioned above. In addition, sulfides of metals other than copper may also be present in mixtures, for example, sulfides of iron, lead, zinc or molybdenum, i.e. FeS / FeS ₂ , PbS, ZnS or MOS ₂ . Moreover, it is also possible to use oxidic compounds of metals and semimetals, such as silicates or borates, or other salts of metals and semimetals such as phosphates, sulfates or oxides / hydroxides / carbonates and further salts, _{[Cu 3 (C0 3) 2} (OH) 2], malachite _{[Cu 2 [(OH) 2} (C0 3)]], version light (BaS0 _4), monazite _{((La-Lu) P0 4} ) , the present invention ≪ / RTI > ore mixtures to be treated according to the invention. Further examples of the at least one first material separated by the apparatus of the present invention are noble metals, such as Au, Pt, Pd, Rh and the like, which may be present in the form of, for example, a circle, as an alloy or in an associated form.

In order to form magnetic components of the aqueous dispersion, which are preferably to be treated according to the invention, at least one first material from the aforementioned group is brought into contact with at least one magnetic particle to obtain magnetic components by adhesion or agglomeration . Generally, magnetic components can include all magnetic particles known to those skilled in the art.

In a preferred embodiment, the at least one magnetic particle is selected from the group consisting of magnetic metals such as iron, cobalt, nickel and mixtures thereof, ferromagnetic alloys of magnetic metals such as NdFeB, SmCo and mixtures thereof, Magnetic iron oxides such as magnetite, maghemite, and cubic ferrite of the general formula (I).

M ^{2 +} _x Fe ^{2 +} _{1 - x} Fe ^{3 +} ₂ 0 ₄ (I)

In this equation,

M is selected from Co, Ni, Mn, Zn and mixtures thereof,

x < = 1,

Hexagonal ferrite, for example barium or strontium ferrite MFe ₆ O ₁₉ , where M = Ca, Sr, Ba, and mixtures thereof. Magnetic particles can have an outer layer of SiO _2, for example by addition.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the present patent application, the at least one magnetic particle is magnetite or cobalt ferrite Co ^{2 +} _x Fe ^{2 +} _{1 - x} Fe ^{3 +} ₂ 0 ₄ , where x ≤ 1.

In a preferred embodiment, the magnetic particles used in magnetic components are present in a size of 100 nm to 200 μm, particularly preferably 1 to 50 μm.

In a preferably aqueous dispersion to be treated in an apparatus according to the invention, the magnetic components, i.e. the aggregates of the at least one first material and preferably the magnetic particles and / or the magnetic particles, are generally dispersed in an aqueous dispersion Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > transported < / RTI >

The aqueous dispersions preferably to be treated according to the invention are in each case based on the total dispersion, preferably 0.01 to 10% by weight, particularly preferably 0.2 to 3% by weight, very particularly preferably 0.5 to 1% ≪ / RTI >

In a preferably aqueous dispersion to be treated with the device according to the invention, the non-magnetic components are generally present in an amount which allows the aqueous dispersion to be transported or transported in the device according to the invention. The aqueous dispersion to be treated according to the invention preferably comprises, based on the total dispersion in each case, from 3 to 50% by weight, particularly preferably from 10 to 45% by weight, very particularly preferably from 20 to 40% .

According to the invention, preferably the aqueous dispersion is treated in an apparatus according to the invention, i.e. the dispersion medium is in each case based on the total dispersion, for example from 50 to 97% by weight, preferably from 55 to 90% by weight, Very particularly preferably 60 to 80% by weight of essentially water. However, the apparatus can also be applied to non-aqueous dispersions or mixtures of water and solvent.

Thus, it is also possible to use further dispersion media, for example alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol such as n-propanol or isopropanol, other organic solvents such as ketones such as acetone, ethers such as dimethyl ether, Mixtures of aromatics such as butyl ether, naphtha or diesel or mixtures of two or more of the aforementioned solvents may be present in addition to or in place of water. The dispersion medium present in addition to water is present in an amount of at most 97% by weight, preferably at most 90% by weight, very particularly preferably at most 80% by weight, based on the total dispersion in each case.

The dispersion to be treated with the apparatus according to the invention has a solids content of, for example, 3 to 50% by weight, preferably 10 to 45% by weight.

The invention therefore also relates to a device according to the invention in which the dispersion to be treated has a solids content of 3 to 50% by weight, preferably 10 to 45% by weight.

The amounts indicated for the individual constituents present in the aqueous dispersion to be treated according to the invention are in each case added up to 100% by weight.

In a very particularly preferred embodiment, an aqueous dispersion which does not comprise any additional dispersion medium except water is treated with the apparatus of the present invention.

In a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, the magnetic particles separated in accordance with the second embodiment of the invention, in particular the magnetite, comprise a mixture of at least one first material and at least one second material, Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > a < / RTI > This preferred recirculation makes it possible to run the process more economically and more environmentally.

In a further preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, an aqueous solution of a surfactant, preferably a surfactant, preferably used as a hydrophobic liquid, is formed from a mixture comprising at least one first material and at least one second material, Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > a < / RTI > This preferred recirculation makes it possible to run the process more economically and more environmentally.

More preferably, the invention relates to an apparatus according to the invention, further comprising means for recycling the hydrophobic liquid after treating the part of the dispersion or dispersion with the apparatus of the invention.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention both the magnetic particles separated according to the second embodiment of the invention and the surfactant preferably used as a hydrophobic liquid, preferably an aqueous solution thereof, comprise at least one first material And a process for separating said at least one first material from a mixture comprising at least one second material. This desirable recirculation makes it possible to carry out the process more economically and more environmentally.

A very specific feature of the device according to the invention is that the device comprises at least one first means for treating the dispersion or part of the dispersion with a hydrophilic liquid and at least one second means for treating the dispersion with a hydrophobic liquid or a part of the dispersion, Means.

These means are generally located at any location expected to be suitable by those skilled in the art having ordinary skill in the art.

In a first preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention as mentioned above at least one second means for treating the dispersion or part of the dispersion with a hydrophobic liquid comprises at least one first outlet . In this embodiment, the hydrophobic liquid is an aqueous solution of at least one surfactant. The dispersion preferably comprising magnetic agglomerates at this point in the apparatus may comprise at least one hydrophobic material to initiate de-agglomeration of the hydrophobic linked agglomerates so as to have the hydrophobic magnetic particles and the at least one first hydrophobic material to be treated in the second preferred embodiment, It is treated with liquid.

The hydrophobic agglomerates of the at least one first material being treated to be preferably hydrophobic or hydrophobic and the at least one magnetic particle being treated to be hydrophobic or hydrophobic are separated from the at least one second hydrophilic material, According to a preferred embodiment of the preferred embodiment, at least one second outlet 6 is provided for treating the hydrophobic magnetic agglomerates with a hydrophilic liquid to move the hydrophilic non-magnetic particles held in the bulk of the hydrophobic magnetic agglomerates, At least one first means (11) is located in at least one first outlet (5) near one second outlet (6).

Accordingly, the present invention preferably provides a method of treating hydrophobic magnetic aggregates with a hydrophilic liquid to move hydrophilic non-magnetic particles held within the bulk of the hydrophobic magnetic agglomerates to at least one second outlet, In which at least one first means is located at a first outlet of the device. Also preferably, additional means may be located between the at least one second outlet and the at least one first means according to this embodiment.

According to the present invention, "located in" generally means that the corresponding means is positioned immediately adjacent to the corresponding outlet or inlet, preferably the corresponding outlet or inlet. According to the invention, it is possible that no additional means is located or at least one additional means is located between the corresponding means and the corresponding outlet or inlet.

According to the present invention, "near" generally means the distance of the corresponding means from the corresponding outlet, and preferably "near" means that the main dimension of the conduit, in particular 1 to 10 times the width of the conduit, 2 to 8 times, and preferably 4 to 6 times.

According to the invention, the conduit of the device according to the invention comprises a width of, for example, 1 to 80 mm, preferably 3 to 60 mm. According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the ratio of the height to width of the conduits of the device according to the invention is 1/1 to 1/10.

According to the present invention, "outlet" means a portion of a conduit through which particles, magnetic and / or non-magnetic particles are driven and passed by, for example, current, gravity and / or magnetic force. According to the present invention, "outlet opening" means the portion of the outlet located at the most end of the outlet.

According to the present invention, the expression "forcibly moving magnetic or non-magnetic particles" means that the above-mentioned forces, that is, the currents and the currents, in addition to the design and dimensions of the conduits and corresponding outlets, It is understood that gravity and / or magnetic forces act on the above-mentioned particles in a manner that modifies the orientation of the particles as desired.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the device according to the first preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, at least one second means (12) is used for treating the hydrophobic magnetic aggregates with a hydrophobic liquid to initiate deagglomeration of the aggregates Is located in at least one first outlet (5) near the exit opening (5).

The present invention therefore relates to a process according to the invention in which at least one second means 12 is located in at least one first outlet 5 near the exit opening 5 for the treatment of hydrophobic magnetic agglomerates, ≪ / RTI >

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the device according to the first preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, the at least one hydrophobic magnetic aggregate comprises at least one hydrophobic magnetic particle and at least one first hydrophobic material, preferably hydrophobic or hydrophobic At least one hydrophilic non-magnetic particle is at least one second material, preferably at least one gangue of the ore.

Thus, preferably, the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a magnetic bead, wherein the at least one magnetic aggregate is at least one aggregate of at least one hydrophobic or hydrophobized magnetic particle and at least one first hydrophobic or hydrophobized material, The at least one hydrophilic non-magnetic particle is at least one second material, preferably at least one gangue of the ore. According to this embodiment of the device according to the invention, further preferably, at least one second hydrophilic material is used to treat the hydrophobic magnetic agglomerates with the hydrophilic liquid so as to move the at least one second hydrophilic material to the at least one second outlet (6) At least one first means (11) is located in at least one first outlet (5) near the second outlet (6).

Thus, preferably, the present invention is directed to a method for treating hydrophobic magnetic aggregates with hydrophilic liquid to move at least one second hydrophilic material to at least one second outlet (6) In which at least one first means (11) is located in at least one first outlet (5).

According to a further preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, at least one second means (12) is arranged to initiate de-agglomeration of the hydrophobic aggregates and to transfer it to at least one first outlet (5) Is positioned near at least one first outlet (5) for treating at least one hydrophobic aggregate with a hydrophobic liquid to separate the aggregate into at least one first hydrophobic material and at least one hydrophobic magnetic particle.

Thus, preferably, the present invention is directed to a process for separating at least one hydrophobic agglomerate into at least one first hydrophobic material and at least one hydrophobic magnetic particle, In which at least one second means (12) is located in at least one first outlet (5) near the exit opening (5) for the treatment of at least one hydrophobic aggregate.

According to a first preferred embodiment, the addition of the at least one hydrophobic liquid, which is preferably an aqueous solution of at least one surfactant, can be carried out immediately after magnetic separation of the hydrophobic aggregates of the beneficial substances and the magnetic carrier particles from the non- magnetic components have. In a preferred embodiment, the addition in the device according to the invention can be carried out in such a way that a concentrated dispersion is obtained. In this preferred embodiment, the additional means, e.g. stirred containers, are essentially no longer necessary. If the addition of the hydrophobic liquid is carried out using a concentrated dispersion, the additional dispersion in the separation means can be avoided and the whole process can be carried out more economically.

According to a first preferred embodiment, therefore, preferably the present invention relates to a method of treating a portion of a dispersion or dispersion with a hydrophobic liquid, characterized in that at least one second means for treating a portion of the dispersion or dispersion is provided in at least one first outlet To an apparatus according to the invention.

In a first preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, at least one first means for treating the dispersion or part of the dispersion with a hydrophilic liquid preferably comprises removing at least one second material hydrophilic nonmagnetic material from the dispersion At least one first outlet near the at least one second outlet which is preferably used. Treatment with at least one hydrophilic liquid at this point in the apparatus is performed to flush the stream of hydrophobic magnetic components from the hydrophilic nonmagnetic material and to move the nonmagnetic material to the at least one second outlet. This must be done with a hydrophilic liquid to hold together the hydrophobic aggregates of the beneficial substances and the magnetic carrier particles.

The present invention therefore preferably provides at least one first means for treating a portion of the dispersion or dispersion with a hydrophilic liquid is located at least one first outlet and at least one second outlet, 1 followed by at least one second means for treating a portion of the dispersion or dispersion with a hydrophobic liquid located at a minimum first outlet near the exit opening of the outlet.

In a preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the hydrophobic magnetic aggregates will not be separated before the hydrophilic nonmagnetic portions are removed, i.e. through the at least one second outlet, It will not be removed through the outlet. This can be accomplished by a further preferred embodiment of the first embodiment wherein different first means for treating the dispersion or at least a portion of the dispersion with at least one hydrophilic liquid in this embodiment preferably comprises at least one hydrophilic liquid Between the means for treating the dispersion or at least a portion of the dispersion and the means for treating the dispersion or at least a portion of the dispersion with at least one hydrophobic liquid to obtain a higher shear force to separate the hydrophilic nonmagnetic particles from the hydrophobic magnetic agglomerates To provide a concentrated dispersion by means of nozzles.

According to a second preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, preferably at least one first hydrophobic material is separated in a hydrophobic environment, which may be a hydrophobic liquid, from at least one hydrophobic magnetic material added to obtain hydrophobic magnetic agglomerates , The additional embodiments described below are preferred:

According to a preferred embodiment of the second preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, at least one non-magnetic first hydrophobic material, held in the bulk of the hydrophobic magnetic particles, is transported to the at least one second outlet (6) At least one second means (12) is located in at least one first outlet (5) near at least one second outlet (6) for treating one hydrophobic magnetic particle.

Accordingly, the present invention preferably provides a method for treating at least one hydrophobic magnetic particle with a hydrophobic liquid to move a non-magnetically hydrophobic first material held in a bulk of hydrophobic magnetic particles to at least one second outlet (6) In which at least one second means (12) is located at least one first outlet (5) near at least one second outlet (6).

According to a further preferred embodiment of the second preferred embodiment of the device according to the present invention there is provided a process for the production of a hydrophilic fluid comprising recycling the hydrophobic magnetic particles to the hydrophilic environment of the process and transferring it to the at least one first outlet 5, At least one first means (11) is located in at least one first outlet (5) near the outlet opening of the at least one first outlet (5) for treating the hydrophobic magnetic particles.

Thus, the present invention preferably provides a method for treating at least one magnetic particle with a hydrophilic liquid to recycle the hydrophobic magnetic particles to the hydrophilic environment of the process and to transfer it to the at least one first outlet (5) 1 The present invention relates to an apparatus according to the invention in which at least one first means 11 is located in at least one first outlet 5 near the outlet opening of the outlet 5.

According to a second preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention as mentioned above at least one means for treating the dispersion or part of the dispersion with a hydrophilic liquid comprises at least one agent 1 outlet. In this embodiment, the hydrophilic liquid is preferably water. The separated magnetic fraction can be transported with water to avoid transporting the hydrophobic liquid with the magnetic particles. If the hydrophobic liquid is transported with the magnetic particles, further processing with the agglomeration of the recycled hydrophobic magnetic particles and the hydrophobic properties will be hindered.

Thus, the present invention is preferably directed to a process for the preparation of a hydrophilic liquid, characterized in that at least one means for treating a part of the dispersion or dispersion with a hydrophilic liquid is located at the end of at least one first outlet, Preferably at least one first means closer to the end of at least one first outlet than at least one second means for treating a part of the dispersion or dispersion with an existing hydrophobic liquid, .

Thus, according to a further preferred second embodiment of the device according to the invention, in this second embodiment at least one preferably used to remove the hydrophobic nonmagnetic material, preferably at least one first hydrophobic material, At least one means for treating the dispersion or part of the dispersion with a hydrophobic liquid is located at at least one first outlet near the outlet of the second outlet.

If the magnetic particles are hydrophobic magnetic particles themselves, e. G. A magnetite treated to be hydrophobic, the addition of a hydrophilic liquid will be avoided in order not to achieve hydrophobic bonded particles of hydrophobic magnetic particles and hydrophobic conjugates in a hydrophilic environment. Therefore, flushing of the magnetic particles at this point in the apparatus according to this second embodiment should preferably be performed with a hydrophobic liquid. In this embodiment, the hydrophobic liquid is an aqueous solution of at least one surfactant.

Also preferred in this second embodiment is a process for the preparation of a dispersion, preferably at least one hydrophobic liquid, between the means for treating the dispersion or at least a portion of the dispersion and the means for treating the dispersion or at least a portion of the dispersion with at least one hydrophilic liquid, There is provided a second means for treating the dispersion or at least a portion of the dispersion with at least one hydrophobic liquid in order to flush the hydrophobic magnetic particles with high intensity so as to liberate the non-magnetically hydrophobic first material contained by using the nozzle do. This concentrated flushing should be performed by a hydrophobic liquid to avoid the formation of hydrophobic aggregates, as is done in a hydrophilic liquid. In this embodiment, the second hydrophobic liquid is also an aqueous solution of at least one surfactant.

According to two preferred embodiments of the device according to the invention, the at least one first or second means for treating the dispersion or at least part of the dispersion with a hydrophobic or hydrophilic liquid is preferably 0.5 to 10 m / s, more preferably Preferably 1 to 5 m / s, and most preferably 2 to 4 m / s.

The present invention therefore preferably provides at least one first or second means for treating the dispersion or at least a portion of the dispersion with a hydrophobic or hydrophilic liquid, preferably at a rate of 0.5 to 10 m / s, preferably 1 to 5 m / s , Most preferably between 2 and 4 m / s.

Moreover, according to two preferred embodiments of the device according to the invention, at least one of the at least one first or second means for treating the dispersion or part of the dispersion, preferably the magnetic fraction, with a hydrophilic or hydrophobic liquid, Or a portion of the dispersion, preferably a flow which is arranged at an angle of 30 to 150 [deg.], Preferably 90 [deg.] To the main axis of at least one of the at least one first or second means, Preferably a hydrophilic or hydrophilic liquid is arranged at an angle of 30 to 150 DEG, preferably 90 DEG to the main axis of the conduit, and the major axis of the conduit is in the form of a conduit Corresponding to the arc.

Accordingly, the present invention is preferably directed to a method for treating at least one of a first or second means for treating a self-fraction with a hydrophilic or hydrophobic liquid, wherein at least one of the first or second means comprises a fluid, More preferably in an arrangement according to the invention, in which the flow is arranged to be arranged at an angle of 30 to 150 DEG, preferably 90 DEG to the major axis of at least one of the at least one first or second means, Wherein the hydrophilic or hydrophobic liquid is arranged at an angle of 30 to 150 DEG, preferably 90 DEG to the main axis of the conduit.

The apparatus of the present invention comprises at least one looped conduit having at least two outlets that form 90 to 350 degrees of the arc through which the dispersion flows. Generally, the device according to the invention further has at least one inlet.

According to the present invention, the expression "conduit" describes the body structure of the device. According to the present invention, the expression "conduit" describes an apparatus in which the tube is formed in the simplest embodiment, for example the conduit according to the invention has a length greater than the width or diameter of the conduit. The cross section of the conduit may have any suitable shape, for example an oval, annular, circular, square, rectangular, irregular shape or a combination of these shapes, preferably square or rectangular.

A looped conduit forming 90 to 350 degrees of an arc in accordance with the present invention is designed to separate magnetic components from non-magnetic components on a laboratory or industrial scale, preferably on an industrial scale. According to the invention, the assembly of the conduits may have an exemplary volumetric flow rate defined as the reactor and passing through a reactor of at least 350 m 3 / h, preferably at least 700 m 3 / h, particularly preferably at least 1,000 m 3 / h.

According to the invention, the conduit is formed in a loop shape and forms 90 to 350 degrees of an arc. According to the present invention, "loop type" describes a conduit which, in a simple embodiment, is formed like a loop. According to the present invention, the looped conduit is 90 to 350 degrees of arc, for example at least 120 degrees, more preferably at least 180 degrees, in particular at least 270 degrees, of an arc. According to the invention, the looped conduit according to the invention forms up to 350 degrees of an arc, which means that the conduit does not cross itself or return itself. In a further preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention at least the first inlet is at one end of the looped conduit and the at least one first outlet is at the other end of the looped conduit and the at least one second outlet Between at least one inlet and at least one first outlet.

The diameter of the loop constituted by the looped conduit may have any suitable size, for example 0.5 to 5 m, preferably 0.8 to 3.5 m, particularly preferably 1.2 to 2.5 m. With these general and preferred diameters, the length of the looped conduit, in particular the length of the magnetic separator is, for example, from 1.25 to 12.5 m, preferably from 2 to 9 m, particularly preferably from 3 to 6 m.

Preferably, the looped conduit forming 90 to 350 degrees of the arc through which the dispersion flows has at least one inlet and at least two outlets. In a preferred embodiment, the looped conduit forming 90 to 350 degrees of the arc through which the dispersion is perfused has a first inlet through which the dispersion containing magnetic components and non-magnetic components passes to be introduced into the conduit, and two Lt; / RTI > Magnetic components are removed from the conduit through the first outlet of these outlets. Non-magnetic components are removed from the conduit through the second outlet of these outlets. The flushing liquid through one second inlet is moved into the flow of magnetic components to rearrange the magnetic components and to liberate the non-magnetic components stored therein. According to the invention, there may be additional inlets and / or exits.

Preferably, the present invention relates to a method for controlling magnetic particles in which magnetic particles are forcedly moved through at least one first outlet by the magnetic field of at least one magnet, and non-magnetic particles are forced through the at least one second outlet To a device according to the invention which is moved.

The inlets and outlets present in the conduit of the present invention may be, for example, tubing of the appropriate size (e.g., with pumps, valves, control and regulating means, etc.) according to all embodiments known to those skilled in the art tubings.

The apparatus according to the invention further comprises at least one magnet movable along the conduit.

The at least one magnet may be movably installed along or along the exterior of the looped conduit, preferably along the exterior of the looped conduit.

Thus, the present invention preferably relates to a device in which at least one magnet is movably installed along the outside of the looped conduit.

This preferred embodiment serves to move at least one magnet in the longitudinal direction of the looped conduit to separate the magnetic components from the non-magnetic components. With at least one movable magnet, the magnetic components drawn by the magnetic field are likewise shifted in a corresponding direction, which is at least one first outlet.

The apparatus of the present invention may be operated by at least one magnet or a preferably aqueous dispersion to be separated moving in the same direction and in the same direction. In this embodiment, the reactor is operated concurrently. This embodiment is preferable.

In a further preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention, at least one magnet or generated magnetic field is moved in the opposite direction, preferably to the aqueous dispersion to be separated. In this preferred embodiment, the device of the present invention is operated countercurrently.

Accordingly, the present invention relates to an apparatus according to the invention in which the flow of the dispersion and the direction of movement of the at least one magnet are cocurrent.

In a counter-current mode of operation according to the invention, the movement of the magnetic components, preferably as a compact mass, in the opposite direction of the flow of the dispersion to be processed due to the at least one magnet, Care should be taken to ensure that it does not occur at a single inlet. In this case, clogging may occur in this zone.

With the apparatus of the present invention, a flow rate of the aqueous dispersion to be treated is achieved, for example at least 200 mm / s, preferably at least 400 mm / s, particularly preferably at least 600 mm / s. This high flow rate ensures that no clogging occurs in the apparatus of the present invention, especially in backwash operation.

The magnets used in accordance with the present invention may be any magnets known to those skilled in the art, such as permanent magnets, electromagnets, and combinations thereof. Low intensity permanent magnets are preferred because the amount of energy consumed by the device according to the invention can be essentially reduced compared to the use of electromagnets. In this preferred embodiment, a special energy saving device and process are obtained.

The at least one magnet can be moved by the drum, for example by means of a conveyor belt, as a holder for at least one magnet, or by other rotatable arrangements for holding at least one magnet, Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > loop-conduit. ≪ / RTI > In a preferred embodiment, at least one magnet is attached to the drum and moved by the drum.

The invention therefore also relates to an apparatus according to the invention in which at least one magnet is moved during operation by the drum.

In a preferred embodiment, a plurality of magnets are arranged around the looped conduit. The number of magnets depends on the size of the single magnet and the size of the looped conduit. An exemplary number of magnets arranged around the looped conduit is 40, preferably 60.

The polarities of the magnets, which are preferably arranged around the looped conduit, can be adjusted in any possible manner. For example, all polarities of magnets can be adjusted in the same direction. According to another embodiment, the polarities of the magnets are alternately adjusted. In a preferred embodiment, the magnets are adjusted to an alternating sequence followed by, for example, each of the three magnets having the same polarity direction followed by one magnet having an alternating polarity, for example.

The gap between the outer wall of the conduit and the at least one magnet is arranged such that at least one magnet and looped conduit are arranged in a manner suitable for obtaining a favorable magnetic field inside the outer wall of the conduit, do. An exemplary gap between the outer wall of the conduit and the at least one magnet is minimized to less than 2 mm to use the maximum force of the at least one magnet.

The distance that the magnetic force acts on the magnetic components is limited by the behavior of at least one magnet. An exemplary distance for determining the height of the conduit using low intensity standard magnets may be 80 mm, preferably 60 mm, very particularly preferably 40 mm. Thus, the height of the conduit may be 20-100 mm, preferably 40-80 mm, for example 65 mm.

As long as the essential features of the device of the present invention are adhered to, the device of the present invention may have any additional configuration. In a preferred embodiment, the preferably aqueous dispersion to be separated will be ensured to be in sufficient contact with the magnetic field generated by at least one magnet or at least one magnet installed outside the reactor space.

Additional details of the conduits that may be used in accordance with the present invention are known to those skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the process flow textbook.

The device itself and / or the looped conduit according to the present invention may in principle be arranged in any orientation which is suitable for a person skilled in the art and which permits a sufficiently high separation power of the process of the present invention. In a preferred embodiment, the non-magnetic components are assisted to flow into the at least one second outlet by precipitation and by the flow of the dispersion, and the magnetic components are forced against the flow of flushing liquid by magnetic force to the at least one first outlet The tubular reactor is arranged in relation to gravity in such a way as to be moved.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the device and / or the looped conduits according to the invention are arranged vertically. According to the present invention, a "vertical arrangement" means that the looped conduits are arranged in such a way that the dispersion flowing through the looped conduits flows up and down, i.e., vertically, but essentially from one side to the other, i.e. horizontally .

In general, individual streams in the apparatus of the present invention may be carried by gravity and / or by devices known to those skilled in the art, e.g., pumps.

The present invention therefore preferably relates to an apparatus according to the invention in which the flow of the dispersion is achieved by means of at least one pump.

Magnetic components are assisted to flow into the at least one second outlet by precipitation and by the flow of the dispersion and the magnetic components are forcibly moved to the at least one first outlet by magnetic force, Preferred features of the apparatus of the present invention that are arranged can be achieved by all the provisions known to those skilled in the art. In a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, the looped conduit is arranged in such a way that the closed end of the loop points upward, while the open end of the loop points downward. In a preferred embodiment, at least one inlet and at least two outlets are present at the open end of the loop.

In a further preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, the looped conduits are arranged vertically with the open ends of the loops at the bottom.

In a further preferred embodiment, the open end of the loop is rotated by 1 to 90 degrees, preferably 30 to 60 degrees, in a lateral direction along its vertical line, preferably in the radial direction. This rotation is preferably accomplished in a direction that causes the precipitated nonmagnetic components to generate at least two outlets in such a way that they move directly from the settled wall to the at least one second outlet.

According to the present invention, a single apparatus according to the foregoing can be used to separate magnetic components from a dispersion containing magnetic components and non-magnetic components.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, more than one device according to the present invention can be arranged and operated in parallel. This means that the dispersion to be separated flows through more than one conduit according to the invention simultaneously. In a preferred embodiment, at least two conduits are arranged and operated in parallel.

The present invention therefore preferably relates to an apparatus according to the invention in which at least two conduits are arranged and operated in parallel. In a further preferred embodiment at least 30, particularly preferably 100, more preferably at least 200 conduits according to the invention are arranged and operated in parallel.

One of ordinary skill in the art will know how to connect these conduits to arrange and operate the conduits in parallel. In a preferred embodiment, all at least two outlets of all existing conduits are connected in each case to provide at least two common outlets. In a further preferred embodiment, all at least two inlets of all devices are connected in each case to provide at least two common inlets. Those skilled in the art know how to accomplish this connection. For example, the diameters of common inlets and / or outlets can be adjusted to have similar pressures at all locations within the apparatus formed by more than one conduit according to the present invention.

In a preferred embodiment, the magnetic components present in the dispersion are at least partially, preferably all, at least 60% by weight, preferably at least 90% by weight, at least partially in the loop- , Particularly preferably at least 99% by weight.

According to the present invention, the means for treating the dispersion, or at least a portion of the dispersion, may be provided in any manner known to the person skilled in the art, for example in valves, orifices, nozzles or just tubes. In a preferred embodiment, means are provided for treating the dispersion, or at least a portion of the dispersion, in such a way that a flushing stream of hydrophobic or hydrophilic liquid is produced, preferably rearranging the magnetic components to liberate the non-magnetic particles therein.

According to the invention, the outlet can be provided in any manner known to the person skilled in the art, for example as a simple joint in a looped conduit. In this embodiment, the diameter of the outlet may be greater than, less than or equal to the diameter of the looped conduit.

In addition to the means described and defined in detail above, the device may additionally have means known to those skilled in the art as necessary for operating such devices, such as tubing, motors, pumps, electrical equipment, valves and control and regulating means have.

The invention also relates to a process for separating said at least one magnetic particle from a dispersion comprising at least one magnetic particle and at least one non-magnetic particle in an apparatus according to the invention.

Preferably, the present invention relates to a process according to the invention in which the hydrophobic liquid used is recycled from the solids content to the process after separation.

The invention also relates to the use of the device according to the invention for separating said magnetic particles from a dispersion comprising magnetic particles and non-magnetic particles.

Preferably, the invention relates to the use according to the invention in which the magnetic particles are themselves particles or agglomerates of magnetic particles and non-magnetic particles.

Therefore, the details and preferred embodiments described above for the apparatus apply to applications and processes according to the invention.

Figure 1 shows the main part of the device according to the invention and according to a first preferred embodiment the hydrophobic magnetic aggregates are separated from the non-self-hydrophilic particles. Figure 2 shows the main part of the device according to the invention and according to a second preferred embodiment the hydrophobic magnetic particles are separated from the non-magnetic hydrophobic particles. Figures 1 and 2 both show parts of the device according to the invention in which the means and the outlets are located, in which the magnetic fraction 10 is introduced and the outlets 5 are at least 90 [deg.], Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > 350. ≪ / RTI > 1 and 2 have the following meanings.
1 magnetic aggregates or particles moved by magnets
Magnetic agglomerates or particles (= output of the cleansing magnetic fraction)
3 countercurrent flow area (= output of non-magnetic particles from magnetic fraction)
4 Dispersion section (separation of magnetic aggregates / particles from non-magnetic particles)
5 1st exit
6 2nd exit
7 Concentration dispersion (separation of magnetic aggregates / particles from non-magnetic particles)
8 magnetic separation section
9 non-magnetic fraction
10 self-fractions
11 hydrophilic flushing stream, first means
12 hydrophobic flushing stream, second means
13 Moved magnets

Claims (14)

An apparatus for separating magnetic particles from a dispersion comprising magnetic particles and non-magnetic particles,
At least one looped conduit forming 90 to 350 degrees of an arc through which the dispersion flows, at least one magnet movable along the conduit and forcing the magnetic particles to move to at least one first outlet, At least one second outlet forcibly passing non-magnetic particles,
The apparatus further comprises at least one first means for treating the dispersion or a portion of the dispersion with a hydrophilic liquid and at least one second means for treating the dispersion or a portion of the dispersion with a hydrophobic liquid And means for separating said magnetic particles from a dispersion comprising magnetic particles and non-magnetic particles. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the at least one first means comprises at least one second outlet for treating magnetic particles with a hydrophilic liquid to move non-magnetic particles held in a bulk of the magnetic particles to the at least one second outlet, Wherein the at least one first outlet is located near the at least one first outlet. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
The at least one second means comprises magnetic particles and non-magnetic particles located at the at least one first outlet near the exit opening of the at least one first outlet for treating the magnetic particles with a hydrophobic liquid Gt; to < / RTI > separate said magnetic particles from said dispersion. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The at least one magnetic particle is at least one aggregate of at least one magnetic particle and at least one first material, preferably at least one valuable of the ore, and the at least one non-magnetic particle is at least one second An apparatus for separating magnetic particles from a dispersion comprising magnetic particles and non-magnetic particles, preferably at least one gangue of the ore. 5. The method of claim 4,
Wherein the at least one first means is located at the at least one first outlet for treating the magnetic particles with a hydrophilic liquid to move the at least one second material to the at least one second outlet, And non-magnetic particles. ≪ Desc / Clms Page number 19 > 5. The method of claim 4,
Wherein said at least one second means comprises means for separating said at least one aggregate into at least one first material and at least one magnetic particle and separating said at least one first material and said at least one magnetic particle into at least one 1. An apparatus for separating magnetic particles from a dispersion comprising magnetic particles and non-magnetic particles, said magnetic particles being located at said at least one first outlet for treating said at least one aggregate with a hydrophobic liquid to migrate to an outlet. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the at least one second means comprises means for applying a magnetic field to the at least one second magnetic particle to treat the at least one magnetic particle with a hydrophobic liquid to move the first non-magnetic material held in the bulk of the magnetic particles to the at least one second outlet And at least one first outlet near the second outlet for separating the magnetic particles from the dispersion comprising magnetic particles and non-magnetic particles. 8. The method of claim 1 or 7,
Wherein the at least one first means is adapted to move the at least one magnetic particle in the vicinity of the exit opening of the at least first outlet to treat the at least one magnetic particle with a hydrophilic liquid to move the at least one magnetic particle to the at least one first outlet. An apparatus for separating magnetic particles from a dispersion comprising magnetic particles and non-magnetic particles, said magnetic particles being located at a first outlet. 9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
The at least one first means or second means for treating the dispersion or part of the dispersion with a hydrophobic or hydrophilic liquid preferably has a viscosity of 0.5 to 10 m / s, more preferably 1 to 5 m / s, most preferably 2 An apparatus for separating magnetic particles from a dispersion comprising magnetic particles and non-magnetic particles, the high intensity dispersion unit having an entry velocity of ~ 4 m / s. 10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
At least one of the at least one first or second means for treating the dispersion or part of the dispersion, preferably the magnetic fraction, with a hydrophilic or hydrophobic liquid is at a temperature of 30 to 150 °, preferably 90 ° Wherein the magnetic particles are formed in any manner so as to obtain an ordered flow at an angle of at least < RTI ID = 0.0 > 90% < / RTI > A process for separating said at least one magnetic particle from a dispersion comprising at least one magnetic particle and at least one non-magnetic particle in an apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 10. 12. The method of claim 11,
Wherein the hydrophobic liquid is used to treat the dispersion or a portion of the dispersion and is recycled to the process after separation from the solids content. 11. Use of an apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 10 for separating said at least one magnetic particle from a dispersion comprising at least one magnetic particle and at least one non-magnetic particle. 14. The method of claim 13,
Wherein the at least one magnetic particle is at least one magnetic particle per se or is at least one agglomerate of at least one non-magnetic particle and at least one magnetic particle.

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