KR20140134608A - Flexible cam technology - Google Patents

Abstract

The disclosed invention relates to a flexible cam technology, containing a cam driven portion (18) to configure a cam driven portion assembly (14) for controlling the operation of an internal combustion engine to drive a cam (12). The cam driven portion assembly (14) further comprises a pivotable cam driven portion support (20) around a pivot axis (B) which is spaced from a cam shaft axis (A). The cam driven portion support (20) is configured to support the cam driven portion (18). An actuator (22) is interposed between the cam driven portion (18) and the cam driven portion support (20) and configured to displace the cam driven portion (18) in the direction perpendicular to the cam shaft axis (A) capable of changing the operation timing of the connected components.

Description

FLEXIBLE CAM TECHNOLOGY

The present disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for controlling the operation of an internal combustion engine and more particularly to a method and apparatus for controlling a component controlled by an operating lifting portion supported by a cam follower that follows a cam of a camshaft And more particularly to a method and apparatus for achieving the above objects.

For example, various techniques for adjusting the operation of components of an internal combustion engine such as an inlet valve, an outlet valve, and a fuel pump are known. This technique may allow to adjust the opening and closing of the inlet valve and the outlet valve, and may allow to adjust the operating timing of the fuel pump.

For example, EP 2 136 054 A1 discloses an apparatus for controlling the operation of an engine with a rotatable shaft having three eccentric portions. Each eccentric portion supports the operating lever. The first eccentric portion supports, for example, an inlet valve actuation lever formed as an oscillating arm, which can track the stroke of the inlet cam through, for example, an upper supported roll And may be able to operate the inlet valve by, for example, conveying the stroke to the inlet valve via a valve action riser. In a similar manner, the second eccentric portion supports an outlet valve actuation valve, which can track the stroke of the outlet cam, for example, through a roll supported on the top, To the valve operation rising portion. The stroke of the fuel pump cam may be tracked, for example, by a roll arranged at the end of the pump operating lever and may be delivered to the pump piston, for example, via a pressure spring. The pump operating lever is supported on the third eccentric portion. The eccentric portion may be integrally formed with the rotatable shaft. The relative position of the eccentricity with respect to the rotational position of the shaft, as well as the eccentricity of the circular cylindrical outer circumferential surface of the eccentric portion with respect to the axis of the preferably rotatable shaft, may be individually selected according to the respective requirements. The actuator and the gear wheel form an actuator unit. In stationary operation, the diesel engine operates, for example, in a Miller cycle, at loads greater than 25% of the full load with two valve lift curves. At a load of 25% or less of the total load, the shaft is turned and thus the engine is operated with two different valve lift curves. This technique is also known as flexible camshaft technology (FCT).

The disclosure is intended, at least in part, to improve or overcome one or more aspects of the prior art system.

According to a first aspect of the disclosure, there is disclosed a cam follower assembly for controlling the operation of an internal combustion engine comprising a camshaft rotatable about a camshaft axis, the camshaft having at least one cam. The cam follower assembly includes a cam follower configured to follow one cam, a cam follower support pivotable about a pivot axis spaced from the cam shaft axis and supporting the cam follower, And an actuator configured to be interposed between the cam follower supports and configured to displace the cam follower in a direction perpendicular to the camshaft axis.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is disclosed an apparatus for controlling operation of an internal combustion engine including a camshaft rotatable about a camshaft axis, the camshaft having a plurality of cams. The apparatus may comprise a plurality of cam follower assemblies, as exemplified herein, wherein each cam follower of the plurality of cam follower assemblies is operative to drive one of the plurality of cams.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a method for controlling the operation of an internal combustion engine including a camshaft rotatable about a camshaft axis is disclosed, wherein the camshaft includes at least one cam. The method includes the steps of providing a cam follower assembly as exemplarily disclosed herein, rotating the cam shaft about the camshaft axis, moving the cam follower assembly through the actuator in a direction perpendicular to the camshaft axis, And changing the operating time of the component operated by the operating lifting portion supported by the cam follower by displacing the cam follower.

Other features and aspects of the disclosure will become apparent from the following description and accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and constitute part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.
1 shows a schematic diagram of an exemplary cam follower assembly for controlling the operation of an internal combustion engine according to the teachings of the present disclosure;
2 shows a schematic diagram of an exemplary apparatus for controlling the operation of an internal combustion engine according to the present disclosure;
Figure 3 shows a schematic view of the retracted position of an exemplary cam follower assembly.
Figure 4 shows a schematic view of an intermediate position of an exemplary cam follower assembly.
Figure 5 shows a schematic view of an extended position of an exemplary cam follower assembly.
Figure 6 shows a graph illustrating exemplary operational timing in accordance with the teachings of the present disclosure.
Figure 7 shows another graph illustrating exemplary operational timing in accordance with the teachings of the present disclosure.
Figure 8 shows another graph illustrating exemplary operational timing in accordance with the teachings of the present disclosure.

The following is a detailed description of an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. The exemplary embodiments disclosed herein and illustrated in the drawings are intended to be illustrative of the principles of the disclosure herein, and will enable those skilled in the art to make and use the disclosure in many different environments and in many different applications. Accordingly, the illustrative embodiments are not intended to be limiting and should not be construed as limiting the scope of patent protection. Rather, the scope of patent protection shall be defined by the appended claims.

The present disclosure is based in part on the realization that a hydraulic circuit can be introduced into the field FCT. The hydraulic circuit may allow for increased control over the operating timing of components operated by the camshaft, such as inlet valves, outlet valves, gas valves, and fuel pumps. In addition, a hydraulic circuit may be implemented in the FCT so that individual control of the components operated by the same camshaft is facilitated. In addition, a hydraulic circuit may be implemented in the FCT to provide a continuous control range as a control component.

As an alternative to providing a hydraulic actuator, a pneumatic actuator that is part of a pneumatic circuit, or an electrical actuator that is part of an electrical circuit, may be provided.

Accordingly, a cam follower assembly using an actuator to assist in changing the actuation timing of a component operated by the cam follower of the cam follower assembly through displacement of the cam follower relative to the cam shaft is disclosed. As described above, the actuator may be implemented as a hydraulic actuator, a pneumatic actuator, or an electric actuator.

1, there is provided an internal combustion engine, not shown, which can be charged (supercharged) through an exhaust gas turbocharger (not shown), including a camshaft 10 (only a part of which is shown). The camshaft 10 has at least one cam 12 which can be formed integrally with the camshaft 10. The camshaft 10 can be rotatably supported and rotated about the camshaft axis A. In addition, the camshaft 10 may include an additional cam (not shown) such that the camshaft 12 has a plurality of cams.

The internal combustion engine including the camshaft 10 may include features not shown, such as an air system, a cooling system, a peripheral, a drive train component, Further, the internal combustion engine may be of any size having any number of cylinders and may have any configuration (e.g., "V", in-line, radial, etc.). Additionally, the internal combustion engine may include, but is not limited to, a locomotive application, an on-highway truck or vehicle, an off-highway truck or machine, a ground mobile equipment, a generator, Including, but not limited to, offshore applications, marine applications, offshore applications, pumps, stationary equipment, or other engine powered applications. The internal combustion engine may be powered by any fuel, including, but not limited to, diesel, gasoline, and / or gaseous fuel. For example, the internal combustion engine may be a dual fuel engine capable of being operated with liquid fuel and / or gaseous fuel, or may be an engine capable of being operated with various liquid fuels such as diesel and heavy fuel oil There will be.

The cam 12 is configured to operate components of the internal combustion engine through the cam follower assembly 14 and the operating lift 16. As will be described in greater detail below, the components may be, for example, inlet valves, outlet valves, gas valves or fuel pumps.

A cam follower assembly 14 for controlling the operation of the internal combustion engine includes a cam follower 18, a cam follower support 20, and an actuator 22. The cam follower 18 is configured to move the cam follower 18 upwardly by pulling the stroke of the cam 12 through, for example, a roll 24 that is supported on the top, (12) by transmitting the stroke to the component through the piston (16).

To enable pivoting of the cam follower assembly 14, a cam follower support 20 is pivotally supported, e.g., via a support shaft 23, such that the cam follower support 20 Can be pivoted about the pivot axis B, which is spaced from the camshaft axis A, for example, arranged parallel and spaced apart from the camshaft axis A.

The cam follower support 20 supports the cam follower 18, for example, via at least one guide pin, two of which are shown in the embodiment shown in Figure 1, Quot; 26 " and " 28 ". On the guide pins 26 and 28, the cam follower 18 can be guided during the displacement caused by the actuator 22. The guide pins 26 and 28 may be rigidly fixed to the cam follower support 20 or to the cam follower 18 and the cam follower 18 or cam follower support 20 (Not shown) inside each guide pin recess (not shown). In the illustrated embodiment, the guide pins 26 and 28 may have a circular cross-section. In other embodiments, the guide pins 26 and 28 may have any suitable cross-section including, but not limited to, a square cross-section, and a rectangular cross-section. Alternatively, the cam follower assembly 14 may not include any guide pin, and the support of the cam follower 18 may be realized through the actuator 22. [

Interposed between the cam follower 18 and the cam follower support 20 to assist in the displacement of the cam follower 18 toward or away from the cam follower support 20, And by a cam follower 18 which traces the cam 12 of the camshaft 10 during the rotation of the camshaft 10 by displacing the cam follower 18 in a direction perpendicular to the camshaft axis A There is provided an actuator 22 configured to vary an actuation timing of a component operated by an actuated rising portion that is supported. "Vertical" as used herein may refer to a substantially vertical, including an angle value of about 90 degrees, still helping to make the aforementioned changes in operating time due to displacement of the cam follower 18. The actuator 22 may be implemented as a hydraulic actuator, a pneumatic actuator, or an electric actuator. While the following discussion focuses on embodiments that include hydraulic actuators, those skilled in the art will appreciate that pneumatic and electrical actuators may also be used as actuators 22. [

The hydraulic actuators 22 may be, for example, a single acting hydraulic cylinder with a double acting hydraulic cylinder or a spring-return.

For example, in an embodiment in which the hydraulic actuator 22 is configured as a single working cylinder, the hydraulic actuators 22 are arranged in the cam follower 18 and connected to the hydraulic feed line 30 A fluid chamber (not shown). By permitting the flow of hydraulic fluid through the valve 32 and by supplying the hydraulic fluid to the fluid chamber, the piston can be displaced, and such displacement again causes the cam follower 18 to move to the cam follower Displaced with respect to the support portion 20, and thereby displaced with respect to the camshaft 10 as well. The fluid chamber may be additionally connected to a hydraulic bleed line 34 having a valve 36 to draw a hydraulic fluid. A spring-return portion may be provided to deflect the piston of the hydraulic actuator 22. [ Alternatively, a fluid chamber may be provided in the cam follower support 20.

In another example in which the hydraulic actuator 22 is constructed as a double acting hydraulic actuator, motion of the piston may be induced between the two fluid chambers to which the hydraulic fluid is selectively supplied. When the hydraulic fluid is supplied to one chamber, the hydraulic fluid from the other fluid chamber may be allowed to flow out of the other fluid chamber by opening the bleed valve, and vice versa will be. Both fluid chambers may be arranged in the cam follower 18 or in the cam follower support 20. [ Alternatively, one fluid chamber may be provided in the cam follower 18 and another fluid chamber may be provided in the cam follower support 20. [

Referring to Figure 2, an apparatus 38 for controlling the operation of the internal combustion engine is shown. It should be noted that the device 38 is merely exemplary for illustrating various applications of the cam follower assembly 14. Accordingly, elements similar to those of FIG. 1, which may now have a particular task or function, are referred to by the same reference numerals as are generally referenced in FIG.

In the illustrated embodiment, the camshaft 10 has three cams 12, 12 ', and 12 ". In the configuration shown, individual cams are provided for the inlet cam 12, the outlet cam 12' And the pump cam 12 ".

The inlet cam 12 is configured to operate an inlet valve that is arranged in the inlet of the combustion chamber of the cylinder of the internal combustion engine and is operated through the inlet cam follower assembly 14 and the inlet valve operation lift 16. The outlet cam 12 'is configured to operate the outlet valve arranged in the outlet of the combustion chamber of the cylinder of the internal combustion engine through the outlet cam follower assembly 14' and the outlet valve operation lift 16 '. The pump cam 12 "is configured to operate the pump piston arranged in the injection pump through the pump cam follower assembly 14" and the fuel pump operation lift 16 ".

Each of the inlet cam follower support 20, the outlet cam follower support 22 'and the pump cam follower support 22 "are individually pivotably supported by respective support shafts 23, The cam follower support of each cam follower assembly may be pivotally supported by one support shaft rotatable about the pivot axis or may be pivotally supported by a plurality The sub-group of the cam follower support of the pivot support may be pivotally supported by a single support shaft rotatable about the pivot axis.

Referring to Figs. 3-5, some possible displacement positions of the cam follower assembly 14 are shown. Specifically, Figure 3 shows the retracted position of the cam follower assembly 14, Figure 4 shows the intermediate position, and Figure 5 shows the extended position. Due to the continuous working principle of the hydraulic actuator 22, the cam follower 18 can be continuously displaced between fully retracted and fully extended positions.

For example, a fully retracted position may be spaced within a range of 2 mm to 40 mm from a fully extended position, which may depend, for example, on engine type and size.

In some embodiments, the hydraulic actuator 22 may be configured to move the cam follower 18 at a translational speed corresponding to the rotational speed of the camshaft 10 during operation. Specifically, the hydraulic actuator 22 may be configured to move the cam follower 18 at a translational velocity substantially corresponding to the circumferential velocity of the tip of the cam 12 of the rotating camshaft 10 There will be.

Industrial availability

Hereinafter, the function of the cam follower assembly 14 will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 9 and specifically with reference to the actuator 22 implemented as a hydraulic actuator. As described above, the actuator 22 may alternatively be implemented as a pneumatic actuator or an electric actuator.

The exemplary cam follower assembly 14 may be utilized in various ways to increase the degree of control over the internal combustion engine. Specifically, the method for controlling the operation of the internal combustion engine includes the steps of providing a cam follower assembly 14 as exemplarily disclosed herein and a method of controlling the camshaft 10 during operation of the internal combustion engine, A). ≪ / RTI > Additionally, the operating time of a component such as a valve or fuel pump operated, for example, by an operating lifting portion 16, supported by the cam follower 18, can be controlled via the hydraulic actuator 22 Can be changed by displacing the cam follower (18) in a direction perpendicular to the camshaft axis (A).

A first possibility for using the cam follower assembly 14 to vary the operating time of the components is shown in Fig. 6, which shows a graph. In addition to the graphs shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the graph shown in FIG. 6 shows a normalized rise between a horizontal axis representing a crank angle between 0 and 720 and a value of 0 and a value of 1 Axis. The elevation refers to the stroke movement of the operating lifting portion 16 caused by the cam follower 18, which converts the rotational motion of the camshaft 10 into a translational motion. For example, a lift may refer to a valve lift of an inlet or outlet valve, where a value of zero means that the valve is fully closed, and a value of 1 means that the valve is fully open.

In particular, three exemplary curves are shown in Fig. The first curve 40 (shown in solid lines) represents an elevation dependent on the crank angle relative to the intermediate position of the cam follower assembly 14, for example, as shown in FIG. The curve 40 may be shifted if the position of the cam follower 18 relative to the camshaft 10 is varied by displacement through the hydraulic actuator 22. [ For example, in the extended position of the hydraulic actuator 22 relative to the position of the hydraulic actuator 22 leading to the curve 40, the cam follower 18 may be moved earlier than the curve 40 Will be able to be lifted by the cam 12 and consequently will result in a curve 42 (shown as a dotted curve). In other words, the operating time of components such as the inlet valve, the outlet valve, or the fuel pump is advanced (advanced). For example, in the configuration shown, the hydraulic actuator 22 is extended to displace the cam follower 18 relative to the camshaft 10.

In a similar manner, at the retracted position of the hydraulic actuator 22 relative to the position of the hydraulic actuators 22 resulting in the curves 40 and 42, It will be able to be raised later by the cam 12, resulting in a curve 44 (shown as a chain-like curve). In other words, the operating time of the components such as the inlet valve, the outlet valve, or the fuel pump is delayed. For example, in the illustrated arrangement, the hydraulic actuators 22 are retracted to displace the cam follower 18 relative to the camshaft 10. [ In other words, by displacing the cam follower 18 through the hydraulic actuator 22 in a direction perpendicular to the camshaft axis A, the operating time of components such as inlet valves, outlet valves, or fuel pumps Is delayed (delayed).

It will be appreciated that the extended and retracted positions of the cam follower assembly 14 may vary depending on the position of the cam follower support 20 relative to the camshaft 10. [

Other possibilities for using the cam follower assembly 14 to vary the operating time of the components are shown in Figs.

In Fig. 7, an exemplary curve 46 (shown by the solid line) showing the movement of the cam follower 18 during the single rotation of the camshaft 10 is shown. In contrast, a curve 48 (shown in a chain-like curve) and a curve 50 (shown in a dotted-line curve) are obtained from the movement of the cam follower 18 during one rotation of the camshaft 10 . Similarly, in FIG. 8, an exemplary curve 52 represents the motionless movement of the cam follower 18 during one revolution of the camshaft 10, and a curve 54 (shown by a chain-like curve) And a curve 56 (shown by a dotted line curve) are obtained from the motion of the cam follower 18 during one rotation of the camshaft 10.

Specifically, the curve 48 represents an extended complete run at an elevated value of 1.0 as opposed to full operation at a rising value of 1.0 of the curve 46, Operation, and the same end-of-operation time as compared to curve 46. In contrast, curve 50 includes the same start-up time as curve 46, extended full operation at 1.0 rising value versus curve 46, and delayed end-of-operation time relative to curve 46 do. As can be clearly seen, both curves 48 and 50 have an extended operating time span within which the rising value is not equal to the value of 0.0 as compared to curve 46. [

For example, a chain-like curve 48 may result from the following actions of the cam follower assembly 14: While the cam 12 is not in contact with the roll 24, the cam follower 18 may be moved to advance the actuation start time of the component. During the time when the component is operated up to a rise value of 1.0, the cam follower 18 maintains its position. During full operation at an elevation value of 1.0, the cam follower 18 is moved in the direction of the cam 12 to delay the operation end time. The cam follower 18 of the curve 48 is moved to the specified position where the cam follower 18 of the curve 48 is positioned during the end operating time, as the operating end times of the curve 46 and curve 48 are the same. (18) is moved.

Referring to Figure 8, curve 54 indicates that the operation start time advanced relative to the operation start time of curve 52, the rising value of 1.0, which is opposed to full operation at the rising value of 1.0 of curve 52 And a delayed end-of-operation time relative to the curve 52. [0060] In contrast, the curve 54 shows a delayed start time compared to the curve 52, a shortened complete run at a rise value of 1.0 versus the curve 52, And an advanced operation end time. As can be clearly seen, the curve 54 has an extended operating time range within which the rising value is not equal to a value of 0.0 as compared to the curve 52, whereas the curve 56 And has a reduced operating time span as compared to curve 52.

For example, a point linear curve 56 may result from the following actions of the cam follower assembly 14: While the cam 12 is not in contact with the roll 24, the cam follower 18 may be moved to delay the operation start time of the component. The cam follower 18 holds (holds) its position for the time the component is operated up to an elevation value of 1.0. During full operation at an elevation value of 1.0, the cam follower 18 moves in a direction opposite to the rotating cam 12, advancing the end-of-operation time to shorten the operating time range.

Extending the operating time range, as exemplarily described with respect to Figures 7 and 8, is achieved by moving the cam follower (not shown) along the direction of the rotating cam 12 while the cam 12 is in contact with the roll 24 Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > 18. ≪ / RTI > Similarly, shortening the operating time range is achieved by moving the cam follower 18 along a direction opposite to the rotating cam 12 while the cam 12 is in contact with the roll 24 . In other words, lengthening or shortening the operating time range may be achieved by moving the camshaft 10 against the rotating camshaft 10 together with the camshaft 10 rotating in the direction perpendicular to the camshaft axis A, Can be achieved by moving the follower (18).

Likewise, extending the time range of the no actuation can be accomplished by moving the cam follower 18 in a direction opposite to the rotating cam 12 while the cam 12 is not in contact with the roll 24 Or by moving it. Similarly, shortening the non-operating time range is achieved by moving the cam follower 18 in the direction of the rotating cam 12 while the cam 12 is not in contact with the roll 24 .

For example, by controlling the cam follower assembly in any of the above-described manners, the valve timing of the fuel pump as well as the valve opening and closing of the inlet and outlet valves can be controlled, , And environmental impacts such as temperature, height and humidity, depending on various parameters.

As the actuator 22 can displace the cam follower 18 to any desired position between a fully extended position and a fully retracted position, the cam follower assembly 14 as exemplified herein May be able to assist in continuous control within the control range for the component. In addition, individual cam follower assemblies 14 may be individually controlled via separate actuators 22.

Although a preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described herein, improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the following claims.

Claims (15)

A cam follower assembly (14) for controlling operation of an internal combustion engine comprising a camshaft (10) rotatable about a camshaft axis (A), the camshaft (10) comprising at least one cam Said cam follower assembly comprising:
A cam follower (18) configured to follow one cam (12);
A cam follower support (20) pivotable about a pivot axis (B) spaced from the camshaft axis (A) and supporting the cam follower (18); And
An actuator 22 configured to be interposed between the cam follower 18 and the cam follower support 20 and configured to displace the cam follower 18 in a direction perpendicular to the camshaft axis A, ) Of the cam follower assembly (14). The method according to claim 1,
Further comprising at least one guide pin (26, 28) interposed between the cam follower (18) and the cam follower support (20). 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
Wherein the actuator (22) is configured as a double acting hydraulic cylinder, or a single acting hydraulic cylinder with a spring-return portion. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
The cam follower assembly (14), wherein the actuator (22) is configured as an electric actuator, or as a pneumatic actuator. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The cam follower assembly (14) being continuously displaceable through the actuator (22) between an extended and retracted position of the cam follower (18). 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
Is configured to move the cam follower (18) at a translational velocity substantially corresponding to a rotational speed of the camshaft (10) during operation of the actuator (22). 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
The actuator being configured to displace the cam follower (18) between an extended and retracted position, the retracted position being spaced within a range of 2 mm to 40 mm from the extended position , Cam follower assembly (14). 8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
The cam follower assembly (18) is configured to support a valve operation raised portion (16) for controlling the opening and closing of the valve. 9. The method of claim 8,
The cam follower assembly (14) wherein the valve controlled by the cam follower (18) is configured as an inlet valve, an outlet valve, or a gas valve. 8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
Wherein the cam follower (18) is configured to support a fuel pump operation lift (16 ") for controlling the injection timing of the fuel pump. An apparatus (38) for controlling operation of an internal combustion engine comprising a camshaft (10) rotatable about a camshaft axis (A), the camshaft (10) comprising a plurality of cams (38):
A cam follower assembly (14) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each cam follower (18) of the plurality of cam follower assemblies (14) includes a plurality of cam followers 12). ≪ / RTI > 12. The method of claim 11,
The cam follower support 20 of each cam follower assembly 14 is pivotally supported by a support shaft 23 that can be rotated about the pivot axis B,
Wherein the cam follower support (20) of each cam follower assembly (14) is individually pivotable by an individual support shaft (23) that can be rotated about the pivot axis (B). A method for controlling operation of an internal combustion engine comprising a camshaft (10) rotatable about a camshaft axis (A), the camshaft (10) comprising at least one cam (12) CLAIMS 1. A method for controlling an operation comprising:
Providing a cam follower assembly (14) according to any one of claims 1 to 10;
Rotating the camshaft (10) about the camshaft axis (A); And
By an operation raising portion 16 supported by the cam follower portion 18 by displacing the cam follower portion 18 in a direction perpendicular to the camshaft axis A through the actuator 22 And varying the operating time of the component being operated. 14. The method of claim 13,
Wherein changing the operating time of the component comprises advancing or delaying the operating time by displacing the cam follower (18) in a direction perpendicular to the camshaft axis (A) , A method for controlling the operation of the internal combustion engine. The method according to claim 13 or 14,
The step of varying the operating time of the component is performed by moving the cam follower (18) with or against rotating the camshaft in a direction perpendicular to the camshaft axis (A) And extending or shortening the range of the engine.

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