KR20140120765A - Ginseng seed oils and manufacturing method of thereof - Google Patents
Ginseng seed oils and manufacturing method of thereof Download PDFInfo
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- KR20140120765A KR20140120765A KR1020130037041A KR20130037041A KR20140120765A KR 20140120765 A KR20140120765 A KR 20140120765A KR 1020130037041 A KR1020130037041 A KR 1020130037041A KR 20130037041 A KR20130037041 A KR 20130037041A KR 20140120765 A KR20140120765 A KR 20140120765A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS, COOKING OILS
- A23D9/00—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS, COOKING OILS
- A23D9/00—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils
- A23D9/02—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils characterised by the production or working-up
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Abstract
Description
The present invention relates to ginseng seed oil and a method for producing the same.
Ginseng is a perennial plant belonging to the Araliaceae family. Panax ginseng CA Meyer refers to ginseng grown on the Korean Peninsula and northeastern China. Ginseng is one of the most widely studied medicinal herbs in the world including Korea and has been widely used for food and medicine for thousands of years. The major physiologically active substances of ginseng include saponin, polyacetylene, alkaloid, phenolic, . These functional physiologically active substances have been found to have anticancer activity, immune function control, antioxidant activity, antidiabetic activity, hepatic hyperactivity and toxicant detoxifying action, antistress action and antiarteriosclerosis cholesterol metabolism improvement action. Recently, research on the bioavailability and bioavailability analysis of ginseng, such as fruit, leaf, and seed, as well as the possibility of using ginseng powder as a waste resource, have been continuously carried out.
Ginseng seeds contain about 15-26% of oil (Beveridge et al., 2002; Matsumoto et al., 1986). The content of oleic acid (C18: 1), a monounsaturated fatty acid, appear. In addition, various phytosterols such as squalene, oxydosqualene, campesterol, stigmasterol, sitosterol and the like, which have an effect of reducing blood cholesterol, are found in ginseng seed oil, and the possibility of using ginseng seed oil as a functional raw material is emerging. In addition, studies on ginseng seeds have been carried out to investigate the composition of ginsenosides in ginseng seeds and ginseng roots (Hu et al. 2008), studies on the saponin composition of ginseng seeds and pulp, Studies on the composition of ginsenoside and the composition of ginseng seed oil have been reported mainly on the comparison of oxidation stability and the effect of constant ginseng seeding by high pressure sterilization treatment. Although the food value of ginseng seed oil has been continuously studied, there is insufficient research on the possibility of using ginseng flour extracted from oil extracted by oil pressing as a food material. On the other hand, as the level of living has recently improved and interest in health has increased, there has been a change in the food consumption culture, which is a tendency to seek a health-oriented diet. In response to this, many studies have been conducted to develop products containing a physiologically active functional material.
Accordingly, an extraction process capable of extracting the intrinsic components of ginseng seeds most effectively when extracting ginseng seed oil has been developed and reached the present invention.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a process for extracting ginseng seed oil for more effective extraction of functional components in ginseng seeds.
The 'ginseng seed oil' of the present invention means that the ginseng seed oil is separated from the husk and ginseng seed oil (seed oil) and then extracted by heating and pressing the ginseng seed oil.
The 'fluoride' of the present invention is known as a non-sensitized specific component contained in oil and is known as a minor component having physiological activity. Examples of fluoride include phytosterols, tocopherols, squalene, lipophilic pigments, Carbon and the like. In particular, vitamin E activity factors and phytosterols are considered to be the most important functional factors of unsaponifiables.
The 'phytosterol' of the present invention is a component that is contained in vegetable oil in an amount of about 1%, and is an important component showing health function together with tocopherol in vegetable oil. It is known that most of the phytosterols contained in vegetable oils are β-sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol (Piironen, Lindsay et al., 2000). Phytosterols not only have antioxidant activity but also improve the oxidation stability of oil (Gertz, Klostermann et al. 2000). Therefore, phytosterol contained in oil is an important ingredient in terms of preventing oxidation of oil in addition to its various health functions.
The tocopherol of the present invention is a group of derivatives of fat soluble vitamin E and is mainly contained in oil seed, vegetable oil and meat. The most abundant antioxidants in vegetable oils include alpha-tocopherol and gamma -tocopherol. The antioxidant activity of tocopherol is known to inhibit rancidity of lipids in fat-soluble foods and is considered to be the most important factor affecting the oxidation stability of the fat. Their antioxidant activity is due to their role as a donor of hydrogen atoms in lipid free radicals and to delay the autoxidation of lipids by eliminating lipid peroxyl radicals.
The 'phenolic compound' of the present invention is widely distributed in vegetable foods and is known to exhibit various physiological activities. One of the representative roles of phenolic substances is known to be high antioxidant activity, which is the ability to eliminate free radicals. Because they have a phenolic hydroxyl (-OH) group, they bind easily with proteins and other macromolecules and have various physiological activities such as antioxidant and anti-cancer. Phenolic compounds in oil are not only a health function but also a donor of hydrogen atoms in the chain reaction of lipid oxidation and are also important substances to prevent oil oxidation.
The present invention provides a ginseng seed oil extraction process for more effective extraction of functional ingredients in ginseng seeds, thereby providing ginseng seed oil having improved oxidation stability and antioxidant ability.
1 is a graph showing an analysis of the content of phytosterol according to the extraction method of ginseng seed oil.
2 is a graph showing an increase in the peroxide value according to the extraction method of ginseng seed oil during the storage period.
3 is a graph showing changes in total tocopherol content according to the extraction method of ginseng seed oil during storage period.
4 is a graph showing the absorbance according to the extraction method of ginseng seed oil.
Example
≪ Materials and methods >
The ginseng seeds were purchased from 4 year old ginseng seeds grown in Geumsan, Chungcheongnam-do and used for the experiment. Ginseng seeds were crushed and crushed. Ginseng seeds were roasted at 200 ℃ for 10 minutes and immediately cooled at room temperature.
For solvent extraction and supercritical extraction, roasted ginseng seeds were ground using a cutting mill (Universal Cutting Mill PULVERISETTE 19, FRITSCH GmbH, Germany) to pass through a 1 mm trapezoidal hole.
In order to extract the squeezed ginseng seeds, kernel (hull) and husk (husk) of roasted ginseng seeds were separated and only the nucleus was used. All samples were stored frozen (-18 ° C) until oil extraction.
(1) Solvent extraction oil (SEO)
500 mL of n-haxane (1: 5, w / v) was added to about 100 g of crushed ginseng seed, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature (25 ± 1 ° C) with a shaking incubator (SI-600R, Jeio Co., And the mixture was stirred at 160 rpm for 3 hours. The extract was filtered with a filter paper (Whatman No. 1) under reduced pressure, and the residue was extracted twice in the same manner. The final extract was centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 5 minutes in a centrifugal separator (Combi-514R, Hanil science industrial, Korea) to remove residual ginseng seed powder. The solvent was then removed with a vacuum rotary vacuum evaporator (Rotavapor, Buchi, Germany) and the solvent was removed with nitrogen to obtain an oil. The resulting ginseng seed oil was again centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 20 minutes to obtain the final oil.
(2) Supercritical Extraction of Ginseng Seed Oil SFO : Supercritical fluid extraction oil )
Greentek 21 (Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea). The extraction conditions were set considering the fact that the extraction yield of ginseng seed oil was high under high pressure and high temperature conditions according to the previous experiment. The supercritical extracted oil was prepared by dissolving 4790 g of pulverized ginseng seed at 361.14 g / min (360 min, CO 2 130 kg).
(3) Ginseng seed oil by compression extraction SPO : Screw pressed extraction oil )
After extracting ginseng seeds from the husks, the extracts were heat-pressed at 60-70 ° C using Chae Yang (HD-333, Hyundai Green Industry, Korea) 150 to 180 ° C and 1 to 5 kg / cm 2 Lt; / RTI > milk). The ginseng seed oil was centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 20 minutes to obtain the final oil.
Example
1. Ginseng
Seed oil
Measurement of physicochemical properties
1-1. gun Phytosterol ( phytosterol ) Content analysis
For phytosterol analysis of ginseng seed oil, 0.5 g of ginseng seed oil was added to 0.5 mL of 5α-cholestane dissolved in 2 mg / mL n-hexane, and used as an internal standard. 10 mL of 6% ethanolic pyrogallol solution was added thereto, followed by vortexing for 1 minute, flushing with nitrogen for 1 minute, and sonication at room temperature for 10 minutes. Then, 8 mL of a 60% potassium hydroxide (60% KOH) solution was added and vortexed and flushed again with nitrogen for 1 minute to replace the internal oxygen with nitrogen. This was subjected to saponification at 75 DEG C and 100 rpm for 1 hour, followed by cooling. Thereafter, 20 mL of a 2% sodium chloride (2% NaCl) solution and 15 mL of a mixed solution of hexane and ethyl acetate (85:15, v / v BHT 0.01%) as an extraction solvent were added and the mixture was vortexed for 1 minute. mL volumetric flask. At this time, dehydration was carried out by allowing the travel to pass through sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4 ), and this was repeated three times. The solution was filtered through a 0.50 μm filter, and analyzed by GC (gas chromatography, younglin M600D, Korea). The column used was ultra-2 (25 m × 0.25 mm × 0.33 μm), the column temperature was maintained at 285 ° C., the injection temperature and the detector temperature were set at 300 ° C. Nitrogen (N 2 ) was used as the carrier gas and analyzed by injecting 2 μL of the sample.
It is known that most of the phytosterols are beta-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol. As a result of the analysis, only beta-sitosterol and campesterol were detected in the ginseng seed oil, and beta-sitosterol was the main phytosterol . Total phytosterol content (mg / 100 g oil) = beta-sitosterol + campesterol was significantly higher than that of solvent-extracted ginseng seed oil extracted with supercritical ginseng seed oil and compressed extract ginseng seed oil ( p <0.05).
Beta sitosterol content was the highest in the extract of ginseng seed oil (41.96 ± 5.29 mg / 100 g oil) and was significantly lower in solvent extracted ginseng seed oil (Fig. 1).
Campesterol was the most abundant in supernatant extracted ginseng seed oil at 3.92 ± 0.35 mg / 100 g oil and contained the least amount in solvent extracted ginseng seed oil.
1-2. Total tocopherol ( tocopherol ) Content analysis
Approximately 120 mg of ginseng seed oil was dissolved in 1 mL of 2-propanol. The sample dissolved in 2-propanol was filtered through a 0.2 μm hydrophobic PTFE syringe filter and used as an analytical sample for HPLC (Ultimate 3000, Dionex, USA). Column C 18 Inno column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5μm, Unnopia, Korea) a was used, the mobile phase is acetonitrile (A): methanol (B) (1: 1, v / v%) 1 mL / min for . The sample was analyzed by excitation at 295 nm and fluorescence emission at 325 nm (Ex / Em) by 20 μL injection. The standard material was α, γ, δ-tocopherol (Sigma Chemical CO., USA) mg / mL in 2-propanol and used for analysis. The content of tocopherol in ginseng seed oil was expressed as mg content per 100 g of oil.
Table 6 shows the results of measuring the content of tocopherol in ginseng seed oil by the extraction process. In ginseng seed oil, only γ-tocopherol was detected in α-, γ-, and δ-tocopherol, and the tocopherol content was significantly different according to the extraction process ( p <0.05). The content of gamma-tocopherol in the extracts of the three oils was 5.95 ± 0.25 mg / 100 g oil, and the solvent-extracted ginseng seed oil and supercritical ginseng seed oil were 2.17 ± 0.62 mg / 100 g oil and 1.90 ± 0.49 mg / 100 g oil, respectively (Table 1).
1-3. Total polyphenol content analysis
10 g of ginseng seed oil was dissolved in 10 mL of n-hexane, and 100 mL of 80% methyl alcohol (MeOH) was added thereto. The mixture was shaken twice at 160 rpm for 12 hours using a stirrer at room temperature (25 ± 1 ° C). The extract was added to the separating funnel to obtain only the methanol layer, and then 20 mL of n-hexane was further added to the methanol layer to remove the remaining oil retaining component. The extract was filtered through filter paper (Whatman No.2), concentrated under reduced pressure using a rotary vacuum evaporator, and lyophilized. The yield was determined by measuring the weight and the dried extract was dissolved in 80% methanol to determine the total phenol content Respectively.
The methanol extract of the ginseng seed oil was dissolved in 100 μL of the sample at a concentration of 10 mg / mL, and 500 μL of 2 N Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (Sigma Chemical Co., USA) diluted 10-fold with distilled water was added and reacted with stirring. After adding 400 μL of 7.5% sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ) to the solution, the solution was reacted at room temperature for 30 minutes and absorbance was measured at 765 nm using an ELISA microplate reader (Bio-rad, Benchmark, USA).
A standard calibration curve was prepared by dissolving 100 to 1000 μg / mL of glycans (Sigma Chemical Co, USA) as a reference material. The total polyphenol content was converted to mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) Respectively.
The total polyphenol contents of the three ginseng seed oils were measured as shown in Table 2 and expressed in terms of gallic acid equivanlents (GAE) mg per 100 g of oil. The total polyphenol contents were significantly higher in the order of ginseng seed oil, supercritical ginseng seed oil, and solvent extracted ginseng seed oil ( p <0.05). The total polyphenol content of solvent extracted ginseng seed oil and supercritical ginseng seed oil showed relatively similar contents although there was a significant difference, while the total polyphenol content of compressed ginseng seed oil was 56.32 ± 1.47 mg GAE / 100 g oil. And the oil content was relatively higher than that of oil.
* GAE: Gallic acid equivalents
The results of previous studies to compare total polyphenol content of ginseng seed oil with total polyphenol content of other oils were as follows. The total polyphenol content of domestic pure refined olive oil was 1.9 ~ 13.3 GAE mg / 100 g oil, and the total polyphenol content of pressed olive oil was 6.2 ~ 24.9 GAE mg / 100 g oil. The total polyphenol content of the purified and untreated grape seed oil was 5.9 ~ 11.6 GAE mg / 100 g oil, similar to the total polyphenol content of the purified olive oil. The total polyphenol contents of the purified and untreated olive oil and grape seed oil and the total polyphenol contents of the three ginseng seed oils were higher than those of the olive oil and grape seed oil, It was confirmed that seed oil contains a relatively large amount of polyphenols.
Example 2. Ginseng Seed oil Oxidation stability measurement
10 g of ginseng seed oil was dispensed into a screw cap tube and stored in a thermostat at 60 ± 1 ℃ for 4 weeks. The sample was collected every 1 week and used as a test sample.
2-1. Oxidation induction period
The induction time of the oxidation maintenance was measured using a Rancimat 734 (Metrohm, Switzerland) to confirm the extent of rancidity during heating of the oil. For the Rancimat test, 3 g of each maintenance sample was taken in the reaction vessel, and 20 L of filtered air was injected at 120 ° C for oxidation. The volatile oxidation products were transferred to an absorption tank containing 60 mL of distilled water and the oxidation induction time was automatically measured according to the change of the electric conductivity (Conductivity). Oxidation induction time (hr) refers to the time at which the electric conductivity curve reaches the inflection point, and is measured three times in total.
As a result, the oxidation induction time was 9.84 hours for solvent extracted ginseng seed oil, 3.51 hours for supercritical ginseng seed oil, and 16.58 hours for compressed ginseng seed oil, respectively ( p <0.05). Among the three kinds of ginseng seed oil, the induction period of the ginseng seed oil extracted by compression was the longest, indicating that the oxidation stability was the largest (Table 3).
2-2. Peroxide value
The peroxide value of ginseng seed oil was measured with reference to AOCS method. Take 1 g of ginseng seed oil in an Erlenmeyer flask and add 25 mL of a mixed solution of acetic acid and chloroform (3: 2, v / v) to dissolve the oil. Then, 1 mL of saturated potassium iodide solution was added, and the mixture was covered with a lid, shaken gently, and stored in a dark place for 10 minutes. After 10 minutes, 30 mL of distilled water was added and stirred. Then, 1 mL of 1% starch solution (w / v) was added and the solution was titrated with 0.01 N sodium thiosulfate solution (Na 2 S 2 O 3 ) until colorless. A blank test was conducted using distilled water instead of oil, and the peroxide value was determined by the following equation.
Peroxide value ( meq / kg oil ) = {(a b) x 0.01 x f x 1000} / S
a: Sample of 0.01 N Na 2 S 2 O 3 Consumption of standard solution (mL)
b: blank test 0.01 N Na 2 S 2 O 3 Consumption of standard solution (mL)
f: 0.01 N Na 2 S 2 O 3 The factor of the standard solution
S: Amount of sample (g)
As a result, almost all of the three ginseng seed oils were not produced in 0.03 meq / kg oil on the 0th day of storage, and the peroxide value of the three ginseng seed oils tended to increase significantly according to the storage period (p <0.05). The peroxide values of ginseng seed oil, supercritical ginseng extract and ginseng seed oil extracted by solvent on the 28th day of storage were found to be lowest in compressed ginseng seed oil extracted with 61.06, 61.02, 30.93 meq / kg oil (Fig. 2).
2-3. Change in total tocopherol content
The results of examining the changes in the content of tocopherol in ginseng seed oil by storing the ginseng seed oil having different extraction processes at 60 ° C. for 4 weeks are shown in FIG. The content of γ-tocopherol in solvent-extracted ginseng seed oil and supercritical ginseng seed oil decreased significantly with storage period and was not detected on
Example
3. Ginseng
Seed oil
Identify antioxidant activity
3-1. Unsanitary extraction
200 g of 2N ethanol (95%) potassium hydroxide was added to 10 g of ginseng seed oil, and the saponification reaction was carried out at 100 ° C in a constant temperature water bath (BS-21, JEIO TECH, Korea) for 15 minutes. Thereafter, it was cooled on ice, 200 mL of distilled water was added to dissolve the gum, and 200 mL of n-hexane was added to dissolve the unsaponifiable matter. Thereafter, the mixed solution was added to the separating funnel to obtain only the supernatant hexane layer. 200 mL of n-hexane was added to the separated distilled water layer and extracted three times. The final isolated n-hexane extract was extracted with ginseng seed oil by removing the solvent with a vacuum rotary vacuum evaporator and removing residual solvent with nitrogen. The extracted unsaponifiable matter was dissolved again in tetrahydrofuran (THF) Respectively.
Table 4 shows the results of measuring the content of unsaponifiables in ginseng seed oil. All three ginseng seed oils contained about 1% unsaponifiable. Compared with the unsaponifiable content of ginseng seed oil extracted with solvent, the content of unsaponifiables in supercritical ginseng seed oil and pressed ginseng seed oil was significantly higher than that of solvent extracted ginseng seed oil ( p <0.05).
3-2. Unsanitary DPPH Free radical scavenging activity
100 μL of a 0.3 mM ethanolic DPPH solution was added to 200 μL of the unsaponifiable extract (0.1 to 2 mg / mL) diluted by concentration in a mixed solution of tetrahydrofuran and ethanol (1: 1, v / v) Lt; / RTI > The absorbance at 517 nm was then measured, and the DPPH free radical scavenging activity was calculated by substituting the following equation. In addition, a standard calibration curve was prepared in the range of 10 to 50 μg / mL using αα-tocopherol as a positive control, and the relative antioxidant activity against αα-tocopherol activity was examined. Antioxidant activity was expressed in terms of tocopherol equivalent antioxidant capacity (mg ααTEAC / g oil).
Radical scavenging activity (%) = (1
A: Absorbance of extract-added sphere
B: Absorbance of the additive-free township
As a result, as shown in Table 5 below, the DPPH free radical scavenging activity showed that the unsaponifiable extract of the ginseng seed oil extracted by compression showed the highest scavenging activity at all concentrations, and the solvent-extracted ginseng seed oil and the unsaponifiable extract of the supercritical ginseng seed oil Free radical scavenging activity. The free radical scavenging activity of each ginseng seed oil showed a statistically significant increase with concentration ( p <0.05).
3-3. Reducing power
Unselected extracts were prepared at a concentration of 10 mg / mL in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and ethanol (1: 1, v / v). 100 μL of 0.2 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.6) and 100 μL of 1% potassium ferricyanide (K 3 Fe (CH 2) 6 , w / v) were added to 400 μL of the sample, followed by reaction at 50 ° C. in a constant temperature water bath for 20 minutes . After adding 100 μL of 10% TCA (Trichloroacetic acid, w / v), take 250 μL of the supernatant and add 250 μL of distilled water and 50 μL of 0.1% ferric chloride (FeCl 3 , w / v) The absorbance was measured at 700 nm. In addition, a standard calibration curve was prepared in the range of 10-80 μg / mL using αα-tocopherol as a positive control, and the relative antioxidant activity against αα-t tocopherol activity was examined. The antioxidant capacity was expressed in terms of αα-tocopherol equivalent antioxidant capacity (mg ααTEAC / g oil).
As a result, the absorbance at 700 nm was found to be 0.35 ± 0.01, 0.46 ± 0.01, and 0.55 ± 0.05, respectively, in the extracts of unsoluble ginseng seed oil extracted by solvent extraction, unsaponified ginseng seed oil extracted by supercritical extraction, , And the unsaponifiables of solvent extracted ginseng seed oil and supercritical ginseng seed oil were not significantly different (FIG. 4).
Table 6 shows the results of calculation of α-tocopherol equivalent antioxidant capacity (αTEAC) versus α-tocopherol. The results are shown in Table 6. As shown in Table 6, the reducing power of the ginseng seed oil And the other two oils showed no significant difference. The reducing power of 1 g of compressed seed oil was? -Tocopherol 21.33? 1.88 mg of reducing power.
The DPPH free radical scavenging activity and reducing power of the unsaponifiable ginseng seed oil were similar, and the antioxidant activity of the ginseng seed oil extracted by compression was the best.
While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to specific embodiments thereof, those skilled in the art will appreciate that such specific embodiments are merely preferred embodiments and that the scope of the present invention is not limited thereby. something to do. It is therefore intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims appended hereto and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
Wherein the heat pressing is performed at 150 to 180 ° C and 1 to 5 kg / cm 2 .
Wherein the heat pressing is performed at a temperature of 150 to 180 DEG C and 1 to 5 kg / cm < 2 >.
Wherein the heat pressing is performed at a temperature of 150 to 180 DEG C and 1 to 5 kg / cm < 2 >.
Wherein the heat pressing is performed at 150 to 180 ° C and 1 to 5 kg / cm 2 .
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| KR20210005458A (en) | 2019-07-06 | 2021-01-14 | 재단법인 경북바이오산업연구원 | Pharmaceutical composition comprising the oil fraction of seed extract of panax ginseng c. a. meyer as an effective component for prevention or treatment of thrombosis and health functional food comprising the same |
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| KR20210005458A (en) | 2019-07-06 | 2021-01-14 | 재단법인 경북바이오산업연구원 | Pharmaceutical composition comprising the oil fraction of seed extract of panax ginseng c. a. meyer as an effective component for prevention or treatment of thrombosis and health functional food comprising the same |
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