KR20140100756A - Measurement Method of Surface Behavior and Sizing Degree for Paper, and Its Measuring Apparatus - Google Patents

Measurement Method of Surface Behavior and Sizing Degree for Paper, and Its Measuring Apparatus Download PDF

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KR20140100756A
KR20140100756A KR1020130013886A KR20130013886A KR20140100756A KR 20140100756 A KR20140100756 A KR 20140100756A KR 1020130013886 A KR1020130013886 A KR 1020130013886A KR 20130013886 A KR20130013886 A KR 20130013886A KR 20140100756 A KR20140100756 A KR 20140100756A
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paper
droplet
specimen
test solution
size
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KR1020130013886A
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Korean (ko)
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김철환
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경상대학교산학협력단
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
    • G01N13/02—Investigating surface tension of liquids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/34—Paper
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
    • G01N13/02—Investigating surface tension of liquids
    • G01N2013/0208—Investigating surface tension of liquids by measuring contact angle

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

The method for measuring the liquid surface behavior of paper according to the present invention comprises the steps of dropping a droplet of a test solution onto a paper specimen, continuously photographing the droplet contacted on the paper specimen, binarizing the photographed image, And measuring the contact angle of the liquid droplet by calculating a tangent at both end points of the droplet of the circle formed by extending the cross-sectional surface boundary of the liquid droplet.
A method for measuring the size of paper according to the present invention includes the steps of providing a paper sample on a base solution, dropping a test solution in a droplet form on the paper sample, Continuously counting the enemy, and calculating the size by differentiating the change of the hue value at both ends of the test solution droplet with respect to time.
In addition, the apparatus for measuring the liquid surface behavior and size of paper according to the present invention includes a main body having a measurement space with one side opened therein, a base solution accommodating portion accommodated in the measurement space, A test solution discharging part for discharging the test solution to the paper specimen placed on the specimen mounting part, and a test solution discharging part provided on the specimen mounting part, And a second camera for photographing an upper portion of the specimen mounting portion, and a display unit provided at one side of the main body and for displaying an image photographed by the image photographing unit.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method of measuring surface behavior of a paper,

The present invention relates to a liquid surface behavior and size measurement method of paper, and a measurement apparatus thereof, and more particularly, to a measurement method and a measurement apparatus for simultaneously evaluating liquid penetration and absorption characteristics and surface behavior of paper.

Paper is composed of cellulose having a hydrophilic hydroxyl group and has a very high affinity with water. Therefore, in order to prevent the problems caused by the contact with the hydrophilic medium in the paper processing or printing process, a water resistance treatment step called 'sizing' is necessarily required.

  The degree of sizing treated on the paper is indicated by a 'sizing degree' quantitative index. The method of measuring the size of the paper uses liquid penetration characteristics, liquid absorption characteristics, and liquid surface behavior. Different sizes and measurement methods are used according to these measurement methods.

Specifically, there are Hercules test, Stockigt test and so on as the measuring methods according to the penetration characteristics of liquid, and Cobb test is widely used as a measurement method according to the absorption characteristics of liquid. And contact angle measurement is the most commonly used measurement method according to the surface behavior of liquid.

However, these measurement methods have a problem in that separate measurement devices must be used for each measurement method because the method of independently measuring the permeation, absorption, surface energy and the like of the hydrophilic liquid dropped on paper or absorbed by paper . As a result, the measurement process becomes longer, and the cost and maintenance required for operating a plurality of equipments are inconvenient.

A liquid surface behavior and size measurement method of paper according to the present invention and a measuring apparatus therefor are aimed at the following problems.

First, it is possible to simultaneously measure the liquid surface behavior and size of the paper, thereby reducing the measurement cost and time required for measurement and convenience.

Second, we want to effectively manage the process of paper quality control and processing.

Third, we intend to calculate accurate measurement results by improved measurement method.

The solution of the present invention is not limited to those mentioned above, and other solutions not mentioned can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description.

The method of measuring the liquid surface behavior of paper according to the present invention comprises the steps of dropping a droplet of a test solution onto a paper specimen, continuously photographing the droplet contacted on the paper specimen, binarizing the photographed image, And measuring the contact angle of the liquid droplet by calculating a tangent at both end points of the droplet of the circle formed by extending the cross-sectional surface boundary of the liquid droplet.

In addition, a step of removing the background region from the photographed image may be further included between the step of photographing the droplet and the step of binarizing the photographed image.

The step of binarizing the photographed image and the step of measuring the contact angle of the liquid droplet may further include adjusting a pixel of the photographed image.

In the step of adjusting the pixels of the photographed image, the pixel of the liquid droplet may be adjusted to 0, and the pixel of the background area may be adjusted to 255. [

A method for measuring the size of a paper according to the present invention includes the steps of providing a paper sample on a base solution, dropping a test solution in a droplet form on the paper sample, Continuously counting the enemy, and calculating the size by differentiating the change of the hue value at both ends of the test solution droplet with respect to time.

The base solution is a NH 4 SCN solution with a concentration of 6%, and the test solution may be a FeCl 3 (II) solution with a concentration of 7%.

Further, between the step of continuously capturing the droplets of the test solution and the step of calculating the size, the step of converting the RGB value of the photographed image into the HSV value may be further included.

The step of calculating the size may be a step of calculating a point at which the value obtained by differentiating the variation of the hue value at both ends of the test solution droplet with respect to time becomes maximum.

Also, the measuring device for these may include a main body having a measurement space opened at one side thereof, a base solution accommodating part accommodated in the measurement space for accommodating a base solution for measurement, A test sample discharging part for discharging a test solution onto a paper specimen placed on the specimen placing part, a first camera provided in the measuring space for photographing a side of the specimen placing part, And a second camera for photographing an upper part of the specimen mounting part, and a display part provided at one side of the body for displaying an image photographed by the image photographing part.

And an illumination unit provided in the measurement space to remove a shadow formed on the test solution droplet dropped on the paper specimen.

Further, the specimen mounting portion may be formed to be vertically movable.

The liquid surface behavior and size measurement method of the paper according to the present invention and the measurement apparatus thereof can simultaneously measure the liquid surface behavior and the size of the paper to reduce the measurement cost and the measurement time, There is an effect.

And the process control of the quality control and processing steps of the paper can be effectively performed.

In addition, there is an effect that a precise measurement result can be calculated by an improved measurement method.

The effects of the present invention are not limited to those mentioned above, and other effects not mentioned can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description.

1 is a flow chart showing each step of a method for measuring a liquid surface behavior of paper according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a diagram illustrating a step of binarizing a photographed image in a method of measuring a liquid surface behavior of paper according to an embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a diagram illustrating a method of measuring a contact angle in a method of measuring a liquid surface behavior of a paper according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a view showing a method of measuring the contact angle in a liquid surface behavior measurement method of paper according to an embodiment of the present invention in more detail.
5 is a flowchart illustrating each step of the method of measuring the size of paper according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a method of measuring the size of a paper according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which a test solution is placed on a paper specimen.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing a hue change value according to the passage of time in a method of measuring the size of a paper according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a graph showing a differential value of a graph showing a hue change value as time passes, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
9 is a front view showing a structure of a liquid surface behavior and size measuring apparatus for paper according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, the liquid surface behavior and size measurement method of paper according to the present invention and the measurement apparatus thereof will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

1 is a flow chart showing each step of a method for measuring a liquid surface behavior of paper according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1, the method of measuring the liquid surface behavior of paper according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes a step S10 of dropping a droplet as a whole, a step S20 of continuously capturing a droplet, (S30) and measuring the contact angle (S40).

That is, in one embodiment of the present invention, the contact angle of the droplets dropped on the paper specimen is measured to evaluate the liquid surface behavior. Hereinafter, each step will be described in detail.

The step (SlO) of dropping the droplet of the test solution onto the paper specimen is a step of preparing the paper specimen and dropping the test solution on the paper specimen in a fixed quantity. At this time, the test solution is not limited to a specific solution, and various liquids may be used. It is also effective to precisely control the amount and rate of release of the test solution when dropped.

Next, step (S20) of continuously photographing droplets contacted on the paper specimen is performed. At this stage, one or more images can be obtained by continuously and periodically photographing droplets dropped on the paper in a fixed quantity.

Further, after this step, a step of removing the background area from the photographed image may be further performed. This is for the purpose of calculating a precise measurement result thereafter, and the surface shape of the droplet can be more clearly displayed by removing the background area except the image of the droplet.

Next, as shown in FIG. 2, a step S30 of binarizing the photographed image is performed. In this step, it is possible to binarize the photographed image of the droplet 20 of the test solution placed on the paper sample 10 so as to calculate a more precise measurement result.

After this step, adjusting the pixels of the photographed image may be further included. In the step of adjusting the pixels of the photographed image, it is possible to maximize the pixel difference between the background area and the droplet by adjusting the pixel of the liquid droplet to 0 and adjusting the pixel of the background area to 255. At this time, it is needless to say that the adjustment of the pixel can be set differently from the embodiment in consideration of the measurement environment and the level.

Next, a step S40 of measuring the contact angle of the liquid droplet is performed by calculating the tangent line at both the disadvantages of the droplets of the circle formed by calculating the both disadvantages of the droplet and extending the cross-sectional surface boundary of the droplet. The algorithm for calculating the contact angle in this step is shown in detail in FIGS. 3 and 4, respectively.

First, as shown in FIG. 3, the end points of droplets dropped on the paper specimen are recognized on a paper specimen, and a line connecting the both end points is set as a reference line (k 2 ) k 1 ).

And boundary calculate the circle which best approximated by based on the (k 1), and the base line from the center of the calculated circle (k 2) and the perimeter boundary drawing a tangent (t) to the contact point of the (k 1) (k 1) and The contact angle (? 1 ) of the droplet can be measured by measuring the angle formed between the tangents t of the circle.

Such a contact angle can be calculated using the equations disclosed in the following [Equation 1] with reference to FIG.

Figure pat00001

[Formula 1]

As described above, the contact angle (? 1 ) of the test solution droplet is measured using the above steps, and the liquid surface behavior is measured through the contact angle (? 1 ). Hereinafter, a method of measuring the size of the paper will be described.

In general, when the color is read with the illumination turned on, the variation of the color value due to the change of the brightness of the illumination is inevitably increased according to the test conditions. This deviation makes it difficult to use the color value as a variable for judgment. Specifically, when this is used as an actual parameter, there are problems such as stability of illumination, blocking of external light, fixation of camera sensitivity, and the like.

Therefore, in an embodiment of the present invention, a method of measuring a change in a color value using a hue value less sensitive to illumination brightness and the like is used rather than a color itself.

5 is a flowchart illustrating each step of the method of measuring the size of paper according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 5, the method of measuring the liquid surface behavior of paper according to an embodiment of the present invention includes steps of providing a sample on a base solution (S50), dropping a droplet of a test solution (S60) A step S70 of continuously photographing the droplets, and a step S80 of calculating the size of the droplets.

The step of providing the paper specimen on the base solution (S50) is a step of floating the paper specimen on the base solution. As the base solution, a liquid capable of reacting with the test solution and changing the color of the test solution may be used.

The step S60 of dropping the test solution in the form of droplets onto the paper specimen is a step of dropping the droplet of the test solution onto the paper specimen provided on the base solution, It is effective to make it adjustable.

In this embodiment, a 6% NH 4 SCN solution was used as the base solution, and a 7% FeCl 3 (II) solution was used as the test solution. However, it is needless to say that the concentration or kind of the base solution and the test solution is not limited thereto.

Next, a step S70 of continuously photographing the droplet of the test solution which is in contact with the paper specimen is carried out. Then, the color change of the test solution is measured based on the generated image. At this time, it is effective to refer to the color change of both end portions 22 of the test solution droplet 20 placed on the paper sample 10 as shown in FIG.

After this step, the step of converting the RGB value of the photographed image into the HSV value may be further included. In general, the color information of a droplet input by a camera is an RGB value, which is very different from a human color sense. Therefore, it is necessary to convert the RGB value to the HSV value closest to the human color or intuition, and the following Equation 2 can be used.

Figure pat00002

[Formula 2]

Thereafter, the step of calculating the size (S80) is performed by differentiating the change of the hue value at both ends of the test solution droplet with respect to time.

For this purpose, a change in hue value is calculated according to the passage of time as shown in the graph of FIG. In order to determine the time (t) at which the color changes, the feature vector of the hue in the segmented region extracted from the sequential image is calculated as follows.

H = {? 1,? 2,? 3, ...,? I, ...,? N}

ηi = ∥hi∥

Here, the definition of each variable is as follows.

H = the feature vector set of the sequential image

i = the total of a sequential image

n = the total number of acquired images

ηi = the feature vector at i.

Each element of H means Hue mean value of each still image. In other words, the feature vector ηi has a Hue average value of the i-th image, and this set can be represented by a change in the feature vector value with time as shown in FIG.

In order to calculate the time t at which the color changes, a method of differentiating the change of the hue value with time is used in this embodiment. That is, the maximum change point of the color value can be set to the time point (t) at which the color changes, and it can be determined by the size.

FIG. 8 is a graph showing a differential value of a hue change value according to an elapse of time in a graph of FIG. 7 according to an embodiment of the present invention. That is, the time point t at which the color changes can be obtained.

As described above, the liquid surface behavior and size measurement method of paper according to one embodiment of the present invention has been described. Hereinafter, a measuring apparatus capable of measuring at least one of these measurement methods at a time will be described.

9 is a front view showing the structure of a liquid surface behavior and size measurement apparatus 100 for paper according to an embodiment of the present invention.

9, the liquid surface behavior and size measurement apparatus 100 for paper according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes a main body, a base solution receiving portion 110, a specimen mounting portion 120, An image capturing unit 140, and a display unit 160. [0033]

The body forms a frame of the liquid surface behavior and size of the paper of the measurement apparatus 100, and a measurement space S having one side opened is formed therein. Only one side of the measurement space S is opened in order to improve the quality of the image obtained by the image capturing unit 140.

The base solution receiving portion 110 is provided in the measurement space S, and the above-described base solution for measurement can be accommodated. The specimen mounting part 120 is provided on the upper part of the base solution receiving part 110, and the paper specimen is mounted.

In this case, the specimen holder 120 can be automatically moved up and down along the rail 125 to increase convenience in measurement and obtain accurate measurement results.

The test solution discharging part 130 can drop the test solution onto the paper specimen placed on the specimen holder 120. In particular, the test solution discharging unit 130 may be provided to control the discharging amount and the discharging rate so that the test solution can be dispensed in a constant amount.

The image capturing unit 140 is provided in the measurement space S and can capture an image of the test solution discharged onto the paper specimen. More specifically, in the present embodiment, the image capturing unit 140 includes a first camera 140b for photographing the side of the specimen holder 120 and a second camera 140a for photographing the upper portion of the specimen holder 120 do.

Therefore, only the first camera 140b may be used to measure the size and the liquid surface behavior simultaneously, and only the second camera 140a may be used to measure only the size. Alternatively, both the first camera 140b and the second camera 140a may be used.

In addition, in the case of the present embodiment, the apparatus further includes an illumination unit 150 provided in the measurement space S for removing shadows formed on the test solution droplets dropped on the paper specimen. The illumination unit 150 may use various lights such as LEDs, and one or more lights may be used at various positions.

The display unit 160 is provided on one side of the main body, and displays an image photographed by the image capturing unit 140. Accordingly, the user can monitor the photographed image. In particular, in the case of the present embodiment, the display unit 160 is manufactured by a touch panel method and can be operated by touching the menus on the screen. Also, Of course, this is possible.

Although not shown, the liquid surface behavior and size measuring apparatus 100 of the present invention may further include an operation unit for processing the measured data in the measurement space S and delivering the measured data to the display unit 160. It should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in the main body, but it may be provided in a separate device and connected to the main body.

The embodiments and the accompanying drawings described in the present specification are merely illustrative of some of the technical ideas included in the present invention. Accordingly, the embodiments disclosed herein are for the purpose of describing rather than limiting the technical spirit of the present invention, and it is apparent that the scope of the technical idea of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments. It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

10: Paper Specimen 20: Test Solution Droplet
100: Liquid surface behavior and size measurement device
110: base solution receiving part 120: specimen mounting part
125: rail 130: test solution discharging portion
140: image capturing unit 140a:
140b: first camera 150: illuminating unit
160: Display part S: Measuring space

Claims (11)

Dropping a droplet of the test solution onto the paper specimen;
Continuously photographing droplets in contact with the paper specimen;
Binarizing the photographed image; And
Measuring the contact angle of the liquid droplet by calculating tangent lines at both end points of the droplet formed by extending the cross-sectional surface boundary of the liquid droplet;
And measuring the surface behavior of the paper. The method according to claim 1,
Between capturing the droplet and binarizing the photographed image,
Further comprising the step of removing the background area from the photographed image. The method according to claim 1,
Between the step of binarizing the photographed image and the step of measuring the contact angle of the droplet,
Further comprising the step of adjusting pixels of the photographed image. The method of claim 3,
Wherein the step of adjusting the pixels of the photographed image comprises:
The liquid droplet pixels are adjusted to 0, and the pixels of the background area are adjusted to 255. Providing a paper specimen on the base solution;
Dropping the test solution onto the paper specimen in a droplet form;
Continuously photographing droplets of the test solution contacted on the paper specimen; And
Calculating a size by differentiating a change in hue value at both ends of the test solution droplet with respect to time;
And the size of the paper. 6. The method of claim 5,
The base solution was a NH 4 SCN solution at a concentration of 6%
Wherein the test solution is a 7% FeCl 3 (II) solution. 6. The method of claim 5,
Between the step of successively photographing the droplets of the test solution and the step of calculating the size,
And converting the RGB values of the photographed image into HSV values. 6. The method of claim 5,
The step of calculating the size includes:
Wherein the point at which the value obtained by differentiating the change in the hue value at both ends of the test solution droplet with respect to time is calculated as a size. A body having a measurement space opened at one side thereof;
A base solution accommodating portion provided in the measurement space and containing a base solution for measurement of size;
A specimen mounting part provided on the base solution receiving part, the specimen mounting part mounting a paper specimen;
A test solution discharging portion for discharging the test solution onto the paper specimen placed on the specimen placing portion;
An imaging unit including a first camera for capturing a side of the specimen holder and a second camera for capturing an upper portion of the specimen holder; And
A display unit provided at one side of the main body and displaying an image photographed by the image capturing unit;
Wherein the liquid surface behavior and size measure of the paper comprises: 10. The method of claim 9,
Further comprising: an illumination unit provided in the measurement space and configured to remove a shadow formed on a test solution droplet dropped onto the paper specimen. 10. The method of claim 9,
Wherein the specimen mounting portion is a vertically movable specimen.
KR1020130013886A 2013-02-07 2013-02-07 Measurement Method of Surface Behavior and Sizing Degree for Paper, and Its Measuring Apparatus KR20140100756A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105372165A (en) * 2015-12-22 2016-03-02 东南大学 Liquid drop diameter distribution measurement method based on hydrophobic material
WO2016171339A1 (en) * 2015-04-21 2016-10-27 한국산업기술대학교산학협력단 Apparatus and method for measuring wetting angle of reactive liquid oxide and solid oxide
CN114563312A (en) * 2022-01-27 2022-05-31 苏州大学 Method and device for measuring mechanical property of film
CN116297029A (en) * 2023-05-23 2023-06-23 武汉众望包装有限公司 Device and method for detecting moisture regain resistance of corrugated board

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016171339A1 (en) * 2015-04-21 2016-10-27 한국산업기술대학교산학협력단 Apparatus and method for measuring wetting angle of reactive liquid oxide and solid oxide
CN105372165A (en) * 2015-12-22 2016-03-02 东南大学 Liquid drop diameter distribution measurement method based on hydrophobic material
CN114563312A (en) * 2022-01-27 2022-05-31 苏州大学 Method and device for measuring mechanical property of film
CN114563312B (en) * 2022-01-27 2022-12-06 苏州大学 Method and device for measuring mechanical property of thin film
WO2023143113A1 (en) * 2022-01-27 2023-08-03 苏州大学 Measurement method and measurement device for mechanical property of thin film
CN116297029A (en) * 2023-05-23 2023-06-23 武汉众望包装有限公司 Device and method for detecting moisture regain resistance of corrugated board
CN116297029B (en) * 2023-05-23 2023-08-04 武汉众望包装有限公司 Device and method for detecting moisture regain resistance of corrugated board

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